L THUYT V BI TP ANKAN 1.1 c tn quc t (IUPAC) cc cht sau : a. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 b. CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 c. CH3-CH(Br)-CH(C2H5)-CH3 d. CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 e. CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH3 1.

2 T cc tn gi hy vit cng thc cu to ca cc cht : a. 4-etyl-2,3-imetyl hexan d. 3,3,5-tri metyl octan b. 6-etyl -2,2-imetyl octan e. 3-etyl-2,3-i metyl heptan c. 1-brom-2-clo-3-metyl pentan 1.3 Vit cc phng trnh phn ng theo s chuyn ha sau : CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CHCl3 CCl 4 a. CH3COONa CH4 C2H2 C2H6 C2H4 etan C2H6 C2H5Cl C4H10 C4H8 n butan b. C4H10 isopropylclorua C3H6 propan n propylclorua. c. n Hecxan n butan etan etylclorua. 1.4. Vit phng trnh phn ng clo ha (t l 1 : 1), phn ng hiroha, phn ng nhit (cho bit sn no c u tin). a. Propan b. n-butan c. CnH2n+2 1.5 Hai cht A, B cng cng thc phn t C5H12 tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1:1 th A ch to 1 dn xut duy nht cn B to 4 dn xut. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B v cc dn xut clo ca chng. 1.6 Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca cc hirocacbon trong mi trng hp sau : a. Ankan A c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 36. b. Cng thc n gin nht ca B l C3H7. c. Ankan X c %C= 80% ; Gii li nu ch bit hirocacbon X c %C=80%. d. Ankan Y c %H=25% ; Gii li nu ch bit hirocacbon Y c %H=25%. e. Mt ankan Z c khi lng ring 2,32 g/l o 30oc, 750mmHg. f. Ha hi 12g ankan D thy chim mt th tch bng th tch ca 5g etan o cng iu kin.

1.7 Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca cc hirocacbon trong mi trng hp sau : a. t chy hon ton 1 lt ankan A sinh ra 3 lt CO2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin. b. t chy hon ton 1 ankan B vi lng O 2 va th thy tng s mol cc cht trc phn ng bng tng s mol cc cht sau phn ng. c. t chy hon ton 0,86 g ankan X cn va 3,04 g O2. d. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon Y thu c 17,6 g CO 2 v 0,6 mol H2O. e. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon Z thu c CO 2 v H2O theo t l Vco2 :Vhi nc = 3 : 4. 1.8 t chy hon ton 7,4 gam hn hp X gm etan v propan. Cho ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh ng Ca(OH)2 tng ln 34,6 gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kh trong hn hp X v dX/H2 = ? 1.9. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp gm etan v butan. Cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh I ng dd H2SO4 v bnh II ng dd Ca(OH)2 d. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh I tng 7,2 gam v bnh II c 30 gam kt ta. Tnh % khi lng v % theo s mol mi kh trong hn hp ban u. 1.10. Hn hp X gm CH4 v C2H6 c t khi so vi H2 bng 10,33. a) Tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp. b) Hi phi dng ht bao nhiu lt khng kh t chy ht hon ton 3,36 lt hh X (kc). Tnh khi lng sn phm sinh ra, bit cc kh u o kc v trong khng kh 80%l N2 v 20% l O2 v th tch. 1.11 a) Hn hp X gm hai ankan c dX/H2 = 11,5. Xc nh hai ankan ni trn v tnh % theo th tch ca hh X. Bit hai ankan l lin tip trong dy ng ng. b) Hn hp Y gm hai hirocacbon no mch h l th kh iu kin thng. Bit dY/H2 = 22. Xc nh hai hirocacbon no ni trn v tnh % theo th tch mi hirocacbon trong Y. c) Mt hh 2 parafin k cn trong dy ng ng c t khi hi i vi khng kh bng 2,3. Xc nh ctpt ca 2 parafin ny v tnh % mi cht v th tch. d) Mt hn hp 2 ankan th kh ktc c t khi i vi C2H4 bng 0,875. Xc nh cng thc phn t v % th tch hn hp.

1.12. t chy hon ton 19,8 gam hn hp X gm hai ankan sau phn ng thu c 57,2 gam CO2. a. Tnh khi lng nc to thnh v s mol O2 phn ng. b. Nu 2 ankan trn l ng ng lin tip. Hy xc nh 2 ankan v tnh % theo khi lng mi ankan. 1.13. t chy V(lt) hn hp hai ankan k tip trong dy ng ng. Dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng CaCl 2 khan ri bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 1 tng 6,43gam v bnh 2 tng 9,82 gam. a. Lp cng thc hai ankan. b. Tnh % theo s mol cc ankan trong hn hp, tnh V (kc). 1.14. t chy 20,4 gam mt hn hp 2 hirocacbon no mch h cn dng 51,52 lt oxi (ktc). a. Tnh th tch kh CO2 (ktc) v khi lng nc to thnh. b. Xc nh ctpt v tnh % theo th tch mi hirocacbon trong hh. Bit 2 hirocacbon u l cht kh iu kin thng. 1.15. Khi brom ha 22 gam propan ngi ta thu c 33,948 gam isopropyl bromua v 2,952 gam n-propyl bromua. Tnh hiu sut tng sn phm v hiu sut chung ca phn ng. 1.16. t chy hon ton 29,2 gam hn hp 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Hp th ton b sn phm vo bnh Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh tng 134,8 gam. Tnh khi lng CO2 v H2O to thnh v tm ctpt ca 2 ankan. 1.17. Hn hp X gm ankan A v B c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 (.v.C). t chy hon ton m(g) hh X cho hn hp sn phm kh v hi sau phn ng i qua bnh 1 ng dung dch H2SO4 v bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH th khi lng bnh 1 tng m1(g) v bnh 2 tng m2(g). a. Nu m1 = 25,2 v m2 = 44. Xc nh cng thc phn t v % theo s mol ca A, B trong hh X, tnh m? b. Nu m1 = 32,4 v m2 = 61,6. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, B v tnh m = ? Bit A, B u l cht kh kt. 1.18. t chy mt hn hp gm 2 hirocacbon ng ng k tip A, B thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l s mol ln lt l 11 : 14. Tm cng thc phn t v % theo th tch ca hai hirocacbon ny.

1.19*. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp hai ng ng ca cc hirocacbon no, mch h c thnh phn hn km nhau k nguyn t cacbon th thu c b gam CO2. a. Tm khong xc nh ca s nguyn t C trong hirocacbon theo a, b, k. b. Cho a = 2,72 (g) ; b = 8,36 (g) v k = 2. Tm cng thc ca cc hirocacbon v tnh % theo khi lng ca chng trong hn hp. 1.20** Mt hn hp X gm hirocacbon (A) v O2 d em t chy hon ton thu sn phm lm lnh th th tch gim 50 %. Nu cho kh cn li qua KOH d th tch gim i 83,3 % s cn li. a. Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn ca A. b. Tnh thnh phn % v th tch ca A v oxi trong hn hp X. c. ng phn no ca A khi phn ng th vi Cl 2 cho mt sn phm duy nht.