I HC QUC GIA TP HCM TRNG H KHOA HC T NHIN Khoa Sinh hc

HNG DN N THI TUYN SINH SAU I HC

MN HC C S : SINH HC I CNG PHN A1: T BO HC, DI TRUYN HC V HC THUYT TIN HA
Chng I. DN NHP : SINH HC CC KHOA HC V S SNG 1. S tin ha : a dng v thng nht ca s sng trang 1 2. Cc tnh cht c trng ca s sng 5 3. Cc biu hin ca s sng 9 4. Sinh hc l g ? 11 5. S lc lch s pht trin 13 6. Cc ng dng thc tin v thch thc 15 7. Th gii sinh vt vi vn ha Vit Nam 19

PHN I. T BO HC
Chng II. THNH PHN HA HC CA S SNG 1. Cc nguyn t v lin kt ha hc 2. Cc cht v c 3. Cc cht hu c phn t nh 4. Cc phn t protein 5. Tm quan trng cc tng tc ha hc yu 6. Tng quan v thnh phn ha hc t bo Chng III CU TRC CA T BO 1. Hc thuyt t bo 2. Cc phng php nghin cu 3. Cc loi t bo 4. Cu trc t bo nhn s 5. Cc bo quan ca t bo nhn thc Chng IV. MNG T BO V THNG TIN QUA MNG 1. Cu trc cn bn ca mng t bo 2. Mng t bo nhn s 3. Cc cu trc pha trn mng v cc kt ni 4. S vn chuyn cc cht i vo v ra khi t bo 5. Thng tin qua mng t bo Chng V. NNG LNG V S TRAO I CHT 1. Nng lng 2. Cc c im ca trao i cht 3. Enzyme hc 4. Trao di cht : h thng c t chc phc tp v tinh vi Chng VI. H HP V SINH TNG HP CA T BO 1. i cng v h hp 2. Chu trnh ng phn 3. H hp oxy ha 4. Sinh tng hp 5. Cc c im phn ng ha hc trong t bo Chng VII. QUANG HP 1. i cng v quang hp 2. Pha sng : s quang phosphoryl ha 3. Pha ti : s c nh Carbon. 4. Quang hp nhm thc vt C3, C4 v CAM
1

23 27 29 37 43 45 48 51 57 60 62 76 81 83 87 94 102 108 111 119 124 126 129 137 138 143 148 153 158

PHN II. DI TRUYN HC

Chng VIII. C S PHN T CA TNH DI TRUYN 1. DNA l cht di truyn 162 2. Thnh phn v cu trc ha hc ca DNA 165 3. Sao chp DNA 172 4. Nhng bin i v cc c ch sa sai, bo v DNA 177 5. DNA tha mn cc yu cu i vi cht di truyn 180 Chng IX. SINH TNG HP PROTEIN 1. Hc thuyt trung tm 183 2. Tng hp RNA : qu trnh phin m 188 3. Cc RNA 192 4. Tng hp mch polypeptide : dch m 197 5. Cc bin i sau dch m v s di chuyn v mc tiu 200 6. Cc t bin gen 202 7. Dng thng tin trong t bo 203 Chng X. DIU HA S BIU HIN CA GEN V BIT HA T BO 1. Cc hin tng iu ha 206 2. S iu ha sinh vt nhn s Prokaryotae 209 3. Cc chui trnh t DNA v cc protein iu ha 212 4. Vai tr iu ha ca cc RNA nh khng m ha 215 5. S bit ha t bo sinh vt a bo 219 Chng XI. DI TRUYN HC CA VIRUS V VI KHUN 1. Di truyn hc ca virus 225 2. Di truyn hc ca vi khun 233 Chng XII. K THUT DI TRUYN V CC OMICS 1. K thut ti t hp DNA 240 2. Genomics v cc omics khc 247 3. Cc ng dng ca Cng ngh gen 251 Chng XIII. CHU TRNH T BO V PHN BO 1. Nhim sc th v nguyn phn 254 2. Chu trnh t bo 258 3. Gim phn v sinh sn hu tnh 262 Chng XIV. DI TRUYN HC MENDEL 1. G. Mendel v quan nim v gen 266 2. Lai n tnh v qui lut giao t thun khit 269 3. Lai vi hai v nhiu cp tnh trng 272 4. S di truyn do tng tc gen 274 5. Nhng phc tp trong biu hin gen 277 Chng XV. DI TRUYN HC NHIM SC TH 1. Morgan v thuyt di truyn nhim sc th 279 2. S xc nh gii tnh 281 3. S di truyn lin kt 284 4. Ti t hp v xc nh vi tr gen 286 5. Bin i cu trc v s lng nhim sc th 288 6. Cc gen ngoi nhn 291

PHN III. HC THUYT TIN HA

Chng XVI. HC THUT TIN HA CA DARWIN 1. Cc quan im ch yu trc Darwin 2. Hc thuyt tin ha ca Darwin Chng XVII. QUN TH L N V TIN HA 1. Di truyn hc qun th 2. Bin d 3. Chn lc t nhin 4. S tin ha thch nghi
2

294 299 308 313 316 319

Chng XVIII. LOI V HNH THNH LOI 1. Quan nim v loi 323 2. Nhng c im sinh hc ca loi 325 3. Qu trnh hnh thnh loi 327 Chng XIX. S PHT SINH V PHT TRIN S SNG TRN TRI T 1. Khi qut v lch trnh tin ha 333 2. Ngun gc s sng 334 3. S tin ha ca t bo 342 4. Ngun gc lai ngi 347

Sch tham kho ch yu : SINH HC I CNG. PHM THNH H. HKHTN. TPHCM. 2011, 386 trang. Khi hc lu : u mi chng c nu cc ch chnh, cui chng c tm tt v cu hi n. Di y ch l nhng cu mu t b thi trc nghim tham kho bit cch thi. Mi chng mt s cu, nn s th t khng lin tc. Phn cu hi tr li ng sai phi t d trong sch c tr li ng. Cui c p n cho cc cu t chn tr li, m vi cu c th b sai. Do vy, phi d k cc cu hi vi ni dung sch c cu tr li ng. thi : thi phn A gm 50 cu hi trc nghim (trong tng 100 cu (50 cu A + 50 cu B) ca mn hc Sinh hc c s, mi cu ng c 0,1 im), c nhiu cu t cc cu gi sau y. Nhng khi hc phi hiu mi tr li ng, v cu tr li c th b thay i v tr khi ra thi.

CU HI TRC NGHIM THAM KHO

CHNG II . C S HA HC CA S SNG Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s cc cu gi . 2.39. Bc cu trc no gi vai tr quan trng nht trong phn t protein : a) Cu trc bc mt. b) Cu trc bc hai. c) Cu trc bc ba. d) Cu trc bc bn. 2.40. St (Fe) l nguyn t gn cht vi enzyme v rt cn cho hot tnh enzyme. Trng hp ny, Fe l : a. Cofactor. b. Coenzyme. c. Nhm prosthetic. d. Cht c ch. 2.41. c im no sau y ph hp vi protein cu trc keratin : a. Protein khi cu. b. D tan trong nc c. Cu trc cp 1 c trng. d. Trung tm hot ng e. Ni - S - S - gia cc chui polypeptide. 2.45. Protein no sau y khng phi l protein vn chuyn : a) Myoglobine. b) Albumin huyt tng. c) Insulin d) Globulin mang st. 2.46. Protein no sau y l protein vn ng : a) Myosin. b) Trombine. c) Khng th. d) Knh protein ca mng. 2.47. Ci no trong nhng m t sau y thch hp nht cho cc nucleotide? a. Base nitric v nhm phosphate. b. Base nitric, nhm phosphate v ng 5C. c. Base nitric v ng 5C. d. ng 5C v adenine hay uracil. e. ng 5C, nhm phosphate v purine. 2.48. im no khng phi l khc bit cu trc gia ADN v ARN : a) Mch kp v mch n. b) Desoxyribose v ribose. c) Thymine v Uracil. d) Polynucleotide.

CHNG III. CU TRC CA T BO

Hy tr li cc cu sau y ng hay sai v sa sai: 3.1. S khuch tn trong khng kh nhanh hn trong nc. 3.2. Cc t bo ca c khoai ty l nhc trng so vi nc ngt. 3.3. Nu t vo mi trng u trng mnh, t bo ca c th bn s b b. 3.4. Nc ngt c p sut thm thu cao hn so vi t bo cht ca t bo thc vt. 3.5. Cc t bo nhn c nc v cc cht ha tan nh m bo (Pinocytocis). 3.6. Vch t bo th cp dy c bit c t bo thc vt c chuyn ha lm ch da. 3.7. Theo m hnh hin nay ca mng, cc permease c l l cc protein chon c cc khe xuyn qua mng. 3.8. T bo trong mi trng nhc trng c xu hng mt nc. 3.9. Vch s cp ca t bo thc vt gn vi mng t bo hn vch th cp. 3.10. Chc nng ban u ca cc ribosome l ni tng hp lipid. 3.11. Trong cc t bo procaryote b Golgi l mt bo quan c thng xuyn. 3.12. Nhn t bo cha thng tin di truyn. 3.13. Ti th v lc lp l cc bo quan c chc nng bin i nng lng. 3.14. T bo c kch thc nh nn t l b mt/khi lng ln. 3.15. Phn ln chc nng c hiu ca mng t bo lin quan n cc protein mng. Chn cu tr li ng trong s nhiu cu gi : 3.16. Theo m hnh cu trc ca mng t bo c chp nhn hin nay, phn ngoi ca mng t bo gm: a. Cc phn ngoi k nc ca cc phn t. b. Cc phn a nc ca cc phn t. c. Cc phn t khng tch in. d. Cc u khng phn cc ca cc phn t. 3.18 Khi mt mnh l cy t vo nc ct: a. Cc t bo l nhc trng i vi nc. b. Nc l nhc trng i vi t bo l. c. T bo ng trng i vi nc. d. Nc l u trng i vi t bo. 3.24. Mc no sau y ng cho vch t bo thc vt: a. Nc, khng kh v cc cht ha tan c th di chuyn t do qua vch t bo. b. Vch th cp nm bn ngoi vch s cp. c. Gip t bo thc vt sng c trong mi trng u trng m khng b b ra. d. Phin gia nm gia cc vch s cp v th cp. e. Vch t bo s cp c cu to sao cho n xc nh cht no c th vo v ra khi t bo. 3.30. Ci no sau y ln nht: a) Chloroplast c) Ti th e) L ca mng nhn b) Ribosome d) E.coli 3.34. Cu trc no sau y c cha ADN? a) Nhn t bo c) Nhim sc th e) Tt c cc mc trn b) Ti th d) Lc lp 3.41. T bo thc vt khc vi t bo ng vt bi c : a. Nhn b. Lc lp c. Ti th d. Ribosome. 3.48. Glycocalyx t bo ng vt c im no tng ng vi vch t bo thc vt trong s sau y: a. khung chc bao bc t bo. b. khng dnh cht mng t bo c. cu to l ng a. d. c th khm cht khc ( suberin, lignin) nn khng thm nc hoc cng rn.

CHNG IV. MNG T BO V THNG TIN QUA MNG

4.12. im no khng phi l th nhn protein trn b mt t bo ? a. Cc th nhn gn vi cc knh b. Cc hormone l protein c. Protein G d. Cc th nhn xc tc 4.13 Theo m hnh dng khm ca mng t bo, cc thnh phn no ca mng t bo ng vt s nm b mt trong ca mng xp trc tip vo t bo cht? a) Ch lipid. c) Ch glycoprotein e) Lipid v Protein b) Ch protein d) Lipid, protein, glycoprotein. 4.14 S vn chuyn tch cc (active transport) a) Khng cn nng lng hay permease
4

b) Cn nng lng nhng khng i hi permease. c) Cn permease v i hi nng lng. d) Cn permease nhng khng s dng nng lng. 2.22 Ngi ta t ln ln t bo gan v t bo thn vo chung trong mt mi trng nui cy. Nhng khi tng trng nhng t bo gan lin kt li tng trng thnh khi ring, nhng t bo thn tng trng thnh khi ring. Thnh phn no trong cu trc ca nhng t bo ny gip chng nhn bit nhau kt hp thnh khi cng loi? a) protein mng b) nhng protein c hiu m t bo tit ra c) lp polysaccharid (ng a) mt ngoi t bo d) thnh phn acid bo c hiu ca mng t bo 2.23 Cc cht tng hp trong t bo c th lu chuyn t vng ny ti vng khc bn trong t bo nh: a) Nhp bo v xut bo b) Cu lin bo c) Mng li ni cht d) Knh mng 2.25. Phn t no trong sau y s di chuyn xuyn qua mng d dng nht (gi s khng c c ch vn chuyn ch ng hay khuch tn d dng ha : a) acid amin b) Cht tan trong lipid c) Tinh bt d) Nucleotide 2.26 Cc cht tan trong lipid c hp thu vo t bo d dng do : a) Khuch tn n gin c) Thm thu b) Khuch tn d dng ha d) Vn chuyn tch cc 2.27 Khi c lp cc bo quan, lc lp chng hn, nghin cu chc nng ca chng, ti sao phi gi chng trong dung dch ng trng saccharose hay NaCl m khng phi trong nc ct? a) cung cp ng hoc Na+ cho bo quan b) hot ng ha enzyme ca bo quan c) bo quan khng b bin dng hoc v d) gi bo quan khng b kh v mt chc nng 2.28 Thut ng permease dng ch: a) Nhng enzyme thy gii cha trong lysosome. b) Cc protein khm trong mng t bo v mng cc bo quan. c) Nhng protein khm xuyn mng c chc nng vn chuyn xuyn mng d) Nhng protein khm c chc nng vn chuyn in t e) Enzyme thy phn mt protein c hiu ca mng 2.29 im no khng phi l mi lin h ch yu gia cc t bo: a) Cc phn t thng tin gn mng b) Tn hiu tc ng ln mng c) S khuch tn gim khng d) Cc cu trc lin bo trn mng. 4.30 im no sau y thuc v s truyn tn hiu ni tit xa ? a) Cc hormone vo mu tc ng n cc t bo khc b) Tc ng bng cc cht ha hc trung gian cc b c) Truyn qua synap d) Bm Na-Kali 4.31 Cc phn t thng tin a nc gn vo: a) Cc protein ti c bit b) Cc th nhn trn mng t bo c) Cc enzyme d) Cc hormone 4.32 Cc phn t thng tin k nc gn vo: a) Cc protein ti c bit b) Cc th nhn trn mng t bo c) Cc enzyme d) Cc hormone 4.33. Cc phn t thng tin no khng gn ln b mt m xm nhp vo trong t bo: a) Cc enzyme thy gii b) Cc c th nhn c bit c) Cc phn t thng tin a nc d) Cc phn t thng tin k nc

CHNG V. NNG LNG V S TRAO I CHT

Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng hay sai, nu sai th sa. 5.1. ATP c s dng lm ngun nng lng cho cc phn ng sinh tng hp. 5.2. Cc cu trc v phn ng ha hc trong c th c duy tr theo trt t sinh hc. 5.3. Cc vitamin l nhng cht quan trng v chng iu ha trao i cht. 5.4. Khi xy ra phn ng ha hc , c s bin i nng lng t do. 5.5. S iu ha ngc l khi sn phm cui tch t nhiu s c ch phn ng u lm ngng sinh tng hp.
5

5.6. Cc enzyme to thnh phc hp mt cc ngu nhin khng lin quan n dy chuyn phn ng. 5.7. Nng lng mt tri l ngun nng lng cho s sng trn tri t. 5.8. S gn cc enzyme thnh chui trn cc mng t bo v bo quan gip chng khi b phn hy. 5. 9. ATP l tin t nng lng. 5.10. Cc coenzyme lm nhim v thu nhn cc nhm ha hc c hiu. Chn cu tr li ng: 5.11. T bo sng cng tun theo quy lut nhit ng hc II v : a. Hot ng ca t bo sng lm tng s hn lon mi trng xung quanh. b. Cc phn ng thu nhit. c. Thay i nng lng t do. d. Hp thu nng lng mt tri. 5.17. Tc ca cc phn ng ha hc tng nh : a. Gim nng lng hot ha. b. Gim nng cc cht phn ng. c. Lm lnh phn ng. d. Ly cht xc tc i. e. Hai trong s cc mc trn y ng. 5.21. Phn ng thy gii ATP to ra AMP v 2 Pi tri qua my giai on? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5 5.24. Tc nhn no sau y c tc dng lm gim nng lng hot ha : a. nhit d. coenzyme b. cht xc tc ha hc c. enzyme. e. (b) v (c) ng 5.39. Cc con ng trao i cht c iu ha bi : a. Enzyme xc tc phn ng b phn hy. c. pH. b. S thay i hot tnh enzyme. d. Sn phm cnh tranh.

CHNG VI. H HP V SINH TNG HP CA T BO

Hy xc nh cc cu sau y ng hay sai, nu sai th sa: 6.1. Phn ln cc ATP mi c to nn do s phn hy ho kh hon ton glucose thnh CO2 v nc c tng hp nn do s di chuyn in t qua chui h hp. 6.2. S h hp hon ton 1 phn t acid pyruvic s cho nhiu ATP hn s h hp hon ton 1 phn t acid acetic. 6.3. S h hp hon ton mt phn t glucose to nn CO2. 6.4. Chu trnh acid citric ko theo s oxy ha cc acid amin v lipid cng tt nh glucose. 6.5. Phn ng PGAL thnh acid pyruvic xy ra bn trong ti th. 6.6. S b gy mt phn t glucose to 2PGAL sn sinh ra 2 ATP mi. 6.7. Mt gram lipid to ra mt nng lng bng mt gram glucid. 6.8. Tt c cc phn ng h hp ho kh xy ra trong ti th. 6.9. Phn ln nng lng ATP c to ra khi oxy ha glucose sinh ra qua tng hp ha thm thu. 6.10. thc vt, ng phn xy ra trong ti th. Chn cu tr li ng trong cc gi : 6.11. Cc enzyme xc tc cc phn ng chu trnh Krebs tm thy trong bo quan no ca Eukaryotae? a) Lc lp c) Lysosome e) Li ni cht b) Ribosome d) Ti th 6.12. Mt trong nhng sn phm ca s bin dng hon ton glucose l: a) Nc c) Acid lactic e) Acid pyruvic b) NADH2 d) Acetyl coenzyme 6.18. Khi mt sinh vt tm thi thiu O2 n nhn nng lng t: a. Chu trnh Krebs b. ng phn v ln men c. Oxy ha acid pyruvic thnh CoA. d. Chui h hp chuyn in t. e. 2 trong s trn 6.23. Cc giai on ca oxy ha glucose c k sau, giai on no sau y to ra nhiu ATP hn c khi glucose b oxy ha hon ton to ra CO2 v nc? a. Giai on I: ng phn. b. Giai on II: oxy ha acid pyruvic thnh CoA c. Giai on III: chu trnh Krebs. d. Giai on IV: phosphoryl oxy ha

6.35. Chu trnh Krebs s dng acetyl-CoA lm cht xut pht. Bao nhiu CO2 to ra trong 100 vng ca chu trnh? a) 100 b) 200 c) 300 d) 400 e) 1000 6.44. NAD, FAD, i vi cc enzyme dehydrogenase ( th d NAD i vi dehydrogenase ru trong s ln men , FAD i vi succinate dehydrogenase trong chu trnh Krebs ) l : a. C cht c. Nhm prosthetic b. Cht iu tit d lp th d. Coenzyme 6.48. Thoi bin mi phn t acid pyruvic do ln men k kh, t bo trc tip to ra c t qu trnh ny : a. 2ATP b. 1 ATP c. 4ATP. d. 0 ATP 6.49. Cytochrome c th tham gia trong chui chuyn in t h hp do cytochrome a. l coenzyme ca mt s dehydrogenase. b. c nhn heme cha Fe c. c nhiu ni i khng vng. d. c kh nng chuyn 2 in t v 1 H+ e. mi cytochrome chuyn 1 in t 6.59. Pha to nng lung ca cc phn ng ng phn gm bao nhiu bc : a. 3 b. 5 c. 4 d. 6

CHNG VII. QUANG HP

Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau y ng hay sai, nu sai th sa: 7.1. PGAL l sn phm c nng lng cao n nh ca quang hp. 7.2. Mng thylakoid c chc nng quang hp trong lc lp. 7.3 .Trong quang phosphoryl ha chlorophyll tc ng c in t ban u v cht cui. 7.4. Kh O2 thot ra trong quang hp t s phn hy nc. 7.5. Nc phi c phn hy trong quang phosphoryl ha vng . 7.6. ATP c to ra c pha ti v pha sng. 7.7. PGAL ch c to ra phn ng sng. 7.8. Kh O2 c to ra trong phosphoryl ha khng vng ch khng trong phosphoryl ha vng. 7.9. Cc phn ng sng trong quang hp cung cp nng lng cho pha ti. 7.10. NADPH c to c trong phosphoryl ha khng vng v phosphoryl ha vng. 7.11. Pha sng cung cp ATP v NADPH cho qu trnh kh PGA trong giai on ti. 7.12. Trong n v quang hp , nng lng nh sng c chuyn t carotenoid n dip lc t. 7.13. Trong n v quang hp , nng lng nh sng c chuyn t dip lc t a n dip lc t b sc t ny thc hin cc phn ng quang ha hc. 7.14. Pha sng ca quang hp cung cp oxy cho cc phn ng ca chu trnh Calvin. 7.15. S bin i CO2 thnh ng trc tip cn nng lng nhsng, s to thnh O2 ch cn nh sng mt cch gin tip. Chn cu tr li ng trong s nhiu gi : 7.17. Dip lc t ( chlorophyll) c mu xanh lc, v a. dip lc t khng hp thu bc x xanh lc ca nh sng mt tri b. dip lc t hp thu bc x xanh lc ca nh sng c. l mu hn hp cc tia sng m dip lc t hp thu 7.23. Sn phm cui cng ca phosphoryl ha khng vng l: a) O2, ATP, NADPH c) Nc, ADP, NADP e) Nc, CO2, ATP b) CO2, PGAL d) PGAL, ADP, Ribulose 7.29. Trong quang hp, nc c phn hy : a. To O2 cn cho phn ng ti. b. Cung cp cc in t kh NADP. c. Cung cp in t cho quang phosphoryl ha vng. d. Cung cp in t cn cho oxy ha P680 v P700. 7.46. Chui chuyn in t quang hp vng nh sau : a. P700 kch thch > plastocyanine > plastoquinone > ferrodoxine. b. P680 > plastocyanine > plastoquinone > ferrodoxine. c. P700 kch thch > ferrodoxine> plastoquinone > plastocyanine. d. P680 > plastocyanine > NADP reductase > ferrodoxine.
7

7.50. Thc vt no c quang hp m c ng CO2 tch ri v khng gian vi chu trnh Calvin : a. Thc vt C4. b. Thc vt C3. c. Thc vt CAM. d. Vi khun sulfur lc v nu.

CHNG VIII. C S PHN T CA TNH DI TRUYN

A. Th tr nh: Di y l danh sch cc s kin quan trng a n nhng kin thc hin i ca chng ta v bn cht ca gen v tc ng ca chng. Hy gn cc nh nghin cu sau y vi cng trnh ca h. a) Feulgen b) Chargaff c) Griffith d) Hershey v Chase e) Meselson v Stahl f) Watson v Chrick g) Wilkin v Franklin 8.1. Gi thuyt v m hnh xon kp DNA. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 8.2. Bin np vi khun. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 8.3. Dng bacteriophage c du phng x gy nhim vi khun. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 8.4. Pht minh ra bt k loi DNA no s lng A=T v G=C. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 8.5. Cc nghin cu tn x tia X ca DNA. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 8.6. Dng DNA nh du N15 chng minh sao chp bn bo tn. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Hy gn mi mc di y vo cc ni dung bn cnh: a. Lin kt ng - phosphate b. Cc purine c. Cc pirimidine d. Lin kt cng ha tr e. Lin kt hydro 8.7. Khung ca phn t DNA. a. b. 8.8. Cc lc gia hai mch polynucleotide. a. b. 8.9. Cc base nit c mt vng. a. b. 8.10. Cc base nit c hai vng. a. b. 8.11. Adenine v Guanine. a. b. 8.12. Cytosine v Thynine. a. b. c. c. c. c. c. c. d. d. d. d. d. d. e. e. e. e. e. e.

B. Th kin thc v hiu bit: Chn mt cu tr li tt nht. 8.13. im no sau y khng cn cho chng minh rng DNA l cht di truyn? a) S lng DNA ca nhn l c nh trong cc t bo bt k loi no, nhng ch mt na trong nhn cc giao t. b) Mi loi c s lng bng nhau ca adenine v thynine; guanine v cytonine. c) S lng DNA ca nhn gp i trc khi chia t bo. d) Ch c DNA ca bacteriophage xm nhp v t bo vi khun ch mi. 8.17. Cu trc DNA do Watson v Crick nu ln ph thuc vo tt c cc s kin sau, tr: a) DNA c kh nng t sao chp chnh xc. b) Trnh t cc base ca DNA thay i t sinh vt ny sang sinh vt khc. c) DNA cha base nit, ng v phosphate. d) Chu k tia X l 3,4nm, 2nm v 0,34nm. e) Quy tc ca Chargaff l A=T v G=C. 8.19. Gi s tha mn cc iu kin t bo E.coli chia nhanh vi thymine phng x. S c kt qu nh th no nu mt t bo sao chp DNA v chia mt ln khi hin din base phng x? a) Mt t bo con, nhng khng phi ci kia, s c phng x DNA. b) Khng t bo con no c DNA phng x. c) C 4 loi base ca DNA u s phng x. d. Thymine phng x s bt cp vi guanine khng phng x. e) DNA c hai t bo con u mang du phng x. 8.24. Xc nh vn no sau y l sai: a) Trong tng hp DNA lin kt cng ha tr to nn gia 3'-OH v nhm 5'-P. b) Ni chung, enzyme sao chp DNA E.coli l DNA-polymerase III. c) Mt mch n DNA c th c sao chp nu c 4 loi nucleoside triphosphate v DNApolymerase I. d) RNA "mi" phi c trnh t b sung vi vi on DNA mi khi s tng hp DNA c. 8.30. Replicon l : a) im xut pht sao chp. b) n v sao chp. c) im chm dt sao chp. d) Khng mc no k trn. 8.36. DNA trong t bo sng c bo v nh c ch : a) Khng nguyn - khng th. b) Bin i v endonuclease ct hn ch.
8

c) H thng cp cu SOS. d) Exonuclease. 8.37. Ngoi hot tnh polymer ha, cc DNA-polymerase cn c hot tnh exonuclease : a) lp cc nucletid b sung chnh xc hn. b) sa sai trong sao chp. c) gim xon khi sao chp. d) on mi c tng hp khng b cc nucleotide khc ct. 8.38. Enzyme no ct DNA lm tho xon ? a. Gyrase b. Topoisomerase c. SSB-protein d. a v b e. b v c 8.39. DNA-polymerase III l mt phc hp gm hn 10 protein tiu phn, tiu phn c vai tr g ? a. Cng mch n to thun tin cho sao chp b. Polymer ha ni cc nucleotide c. To vng trn ngom mch n khun vo gia e. Exonuclease sa sai

CHNG IX. SINH TNG HP PROTEIN

A. Th tr nh: Cc cu hi 1-15 cp n vn sau: ch r mi mt cu trc hay chc nng l ng i vi: a) Ch DNA b) Ch RNA c) C DNA ln RNA d) Khng DNA ln RNA 9.1. Thng ch mt mch n a. b. c. d. 9.2. Cha cc pyrimidine a. b. c. d. 9.3. Cha deoxyribose a. b. c. d. 9.4. Cun li trong chui xon kp a. b. c. d. 9.5. Cha thymine a. b. c. d. 9.6. Cha cytosine a. b. c. d. 9.7. Cu trc alpha a. b. c. d. 9.8. Mang acid amin n ribosome a. b. c. d. 9.9. C mt trong ribosome a. b. c. d. 9.10. Tham gia vo phin m a. b. c. d. 9.11. Tham gia vo dch m a. b. c. d. 9.12. Cu trc bc bn. a. b. c. d. 9.13. Cha uracil a. b. c. d. 9.14. Cu trc beta a. b. c. d. 9.15. Thc hin phn ng ni cc acid amin. a. b. c. d. B. Th kin thc v hiu bit: Chn mt cu tr li tt nht 9.16. in vo khong trng DNA (mch 1) -------- T G T - - - - - - - - -DNA (mch 2) -- ------- A C--- ---- T T -------RNA (t mch 2) -- --------U--------C A ---------Cc anticodon ca RNAt --- ------------------- -------G C A 9.17. Mc no sau y khng l sai hng trong chu trnh Phenylalnine : a) Bch tng. b) Alcaptonuria. c) Mt kh nng tng hp Arginine. Cc cu hi 20-26 cp n vn sau : Mt mch ca phn t DNA c trnh t base nh sau: 3 T A C C T T C A G C G T 5 9.20. Trnh t cc base mch b sung ca DNA nh th no? a) 3 A T G G A A G T C G C A 5. b) 5 A T G G A A G T C G C A 3 c) 3 A U G G A A G U C G CA 5. d) 5 A U G G A A G U C G C A 3 9.21. Trnh t cc base trn mch mRNA c tng hp t mch gc trn nh th no? a) 5 A T G G A A G T C G C A 3. b) 3 A T G G A A G T C G C A 5 c) 3 A U G G A A G U C G C A 5. d) 5 A U G G A A G U C G C A 3 9.22. Tn ca bo quan ni xy ra tng hp mRNA? a) Ribosome. b) Li ni cht. c) Nhn t bo. d) Khng mc no k trn.
9

d) Tysosinosis.

9.24. Cc anticodon i vi mRNA c phin m t on DNA nu trn? a) T A C C T T C A G C G T. b) U A C C U U C A G C G U c) A U G G A A G U C G C A d) A T G G A A G T C G C A 9.25. Tn ca bo quan ni codon v anticodon bt cp vi nhau? a) Ribosome. b) Li ni cht. c) T bo cht. d) Khng mc no k trn. 9.26. S dng bng m di truyn v trnh t cc codon trn mch mRNA xc nh trnh t ca cc acid amin c m ha do on trn. a) Methionine-Acid glutamic-Valine-Glycine. b) Isoleucine-Acid glutamic-Valine-Alanine. c) Methionine-Acid aspartic-Valine-Alanine. d) Methionine-Acid glutamic-Valine-Alanine. Cc cu hi 34 - 37 lin quan n tnh hung sau: Sau y l trnh t ngn ca mRNA, s dng trnh t ny v bng m di truyn trn tr li 4 cu hi sau: 5 A U G C C C U A C U A C 3. 9.34. Trnh t mch khun DNA ca gen m ha cho mRNA thng tin s l (gi s u 3 nm bn tri cu) a) A U G C C C A A C U A C. b) T A C G G G A T G A T G c) U T G C C C U U C T A C d) U A C G G G U U G A U G e) A T G C C C T A C T A C 9.35. Anticodon tRNA gn vo codon th nht l a) U A C b) T A C c) A U G d) G U A . e) A T G 9.36. Protein c m ha bi RNAm trn s c bao nhiu acid amin. a) 1 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 e) 12 9.37. Acid amin th hai ca mch polypeptid s l: a) lysine c) glycine e) phenylalanine b) proline d) acid aspartic 9.44. Phn t DNA mch kp vi trnh t nh sau, nm trong h thng phin m - dch m in vivo, to ra chui polypeptide c chiu di 5 acid amin. Mch no ca DNA c phin m? (mch Watson hay mch Crick) Hng phin m theo chiu no? Watson TAC ATG ATC ATT TCA CGG AAT TTC TAG CAT GTA. Crick ATG TAC TAG TAA AGT GCC TTA AAG ATC GTA CAT. a) Mch Watson dc c t tri sang phi. b) Mch Watson c c t phi sang tri. c) Mch Crick c c t tri sang phi. d) Mch Crick c c t phi sang tri. e) Khng c mch no (xc nh lm g?) Gi : S nhanh hn nu nh c codon xut pht methionine (AUG) v codon chm dt (stop codon) trong cc codon trn DNA. Bit rng c 5 acid amin, khng cn ni chng tn g. (xem bng m di truyn). 9.50. Ribozyme l : a) Cc enzyme ni cc acid amin. b) Cc enzyme gn cc n v ribosome cho dch m. c) Cc enzyme gip mRNA gn vo ribosome dch m. d) Cc RNA c kh nng xc tc. 9.51. T bo Prokaryota c ribosome thuc loi : a) 80 S. b) 70S . c) 60S. d) 40S. 9.52. n v ln ca ribosome Prokaryotae l ; a) n v 30S b) n v 40S c) n v 50S d) n v 60S 9.66. t bin nhm ngha ( missense) lm : a) dng vic tng hp mch polypeptid im t bin. b) thay th acid amin ny bng acid amin khc. c) thay i base, nhng khng lm thay i kiu hnh hoang di. d) mt on nucleotide. 9.67. Cytochrome oxidase nm mng trong ti th c c im g nhp vo ti th ? a. Ni tn hiu b. 16 amino acid u tin ca tin cht c. 18 amino acid u tin ca tin cht d. a v b e. b v c 9.68. Nhn t (sigma factor) c cc c im sau, ngoi tr : a. Gn vi RNA polymerase gip nhn bit im khi s phin m b. Tch khi RNA polymerase khi phin m bt u c. Gn cht vi li holoenzyme v khng tch ra d. Gn vi li holoenzyme v d tch ra
10

9.69. RNA no tham gia vo splicing ? a. mRNA b. snRNA (RNA nh nhn ) c. microRNA d. siRNA 9.70. RNA no lm gen im lng ? a. snRNA b. microRNA c. siRNA d. a v b e. b v c 9.71. Phn tch b gen nm men S. cerevisiae pht hin hn bao nhiu gen to ra RNA l sn phm cui ? a. 550 gen b. 570 gen c. 750 gen d. 850 gen

CHUNG X. IU HA S BIU HIN CA GEN V S BIT HA T BO

Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng sai, nu sai th sa : 10.1. iu ha biu hin gen khc nhau nhiu gia Prokaryota v Eukaryota. 10.2. iu ha thch nghi do cc bin khng thun nghch. 10.3. Cc enzyme c tng hp u c gi l cm ng. 10.4. Cc gen c cu phin m lin tc. 10.5. Operon lactose, cht cm ng gn vi Operator hot ha Operon. 10.6. on Operator c th kim sot 1 dy gen cu trc. 10.7. Operon tryptophan c 5 gen cu trc. 10.8. Cht ng km hm gn vo Operator lm bt hot Operon. 10.9. Vng phnh ca nhim sc th l ch tng hp nhiu mRNA. 10.10. Cc ch phnh khng di chuyn dc theo nhim sc th. Cu 10.11 10.15 c tr li bng 1 trong cc gi chung sau : a. Cm ng bi c cht. b. ng km hm bi sn phm cui. c. Repressor c hot tnh. d. Repressor mt hot tnh 10.11. Trong h thng cm ng c cht, ci no c gen iu ha tng hp : 10.12. Kiu c ch kim sot theo m hnh operon lactose ca Jacob-Monod: 10.13. Km hm vng operator : 10.14. Kt hp vi cht ng km hm lm dng phin m : 10.15. RNA polymerase thc hin c phin m khi : Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 10.16. vi khun, cc gen cu trc c phin m khi : a. Thiu cht cm ng. b. Protein km hm bt hot. c. Promotor bt hot. d. Operator b ng. 10.19. h thng cm ng, mRNA c to ra n khi no th dng: a. Cht km hm khng c to ra. b. Cht cm ng ht. c. Cht km hm gn vi Operator. d. Cht km hm c hot tnh gn vi cht cm ng. 10.20. Khi lactose xm nhp t bo E.coli th : a. Lactose gn vi protein km hm. b. Cht km hm gn vi Regulator. c. Lactose gn vi Regulator. d. Cht km hm gn vi RNA polymerase. 10.22. Gen iu ha (Regulator) : a. m ha cc cht cm ng. b. m ha protein cm ng. c. l kha ng m cc gen cu trc. d. khng cho cht cm ng xm nhp vo t bo. 10.25. Cht cm ng c kh nng l : a. cht gn vi operator hot ha. b. cht gn vi cc gen cu trc hot ha. c. cht gn vi repressor (cht km hm) lm bt hot. d. cht gn vi on promoter hot ha. 10.26. Trong h thng Operon lactose, RNA polymerase : a. gn vi operator phin m. b. gn vi promoter khi repressor bt hot. c. gn vi promoter khi lactose hot ha regulator. d. gn vi cc gen cu trc. 10.27. Nng ca cc enzyme no sau y khng chu s kim sot ca Operon : a. Enzyme cm ng. b. Enzyme c ch. c. Enzyme tiu ha. d. Enzyme c cu. 10.30. S xy ra iu g khi t bo E.coli khng c ng lactose : a. Protein regulator gn vi operator. b. Protein regulator gn vi promoter.
11

a. a. a. a. a.

b. b. b. b. b.

c. c. c. c. c.

d. d. d. d. d.

c. Protein regulator b bt hot. d. Protein regulator gn vi RNA polymerase. 10.32. t bo E.coli , tryptophan sau khi c tng hp d tha n s thnh cht g ? a. Cht km hm. b. Cht km hm RNA polymerase. c. Cht km hm cc gen cu trc. d. Cht ng km hm. 10.33. t bo E.coli , tryptophan sau khi c tng hp d tha n s: a. gn vi RNA polymerase lm ngng phin m. b. gn vi cht km hm lm hot ha. c. lm ngng tng hp protein km hm. d. gn vi operator. 10.34. Mc no sau y ng cho Operon lactose : a. ng li khi c c cht. b. M ra khi c c cht. c. ng li khi cht cn tng hp d tha. d. Lc no cng m. 10.37. im no sau y l sai khi ni v cc h thng enzyme cm ng hay km hm : a. Cc enzyme km hm c iu ho bi sn phm cui, cn cc enzyme cm ng c iu ha bi lng c cht. b. Cc enzyme km hm c km hm bi sn phm cui, cn cc enzyme cm ng c hot ha bi c cht. c. Cc enzyme km hm c iu ho bi kim sot m, cn cc enzyme cm ng c iu ha kim sot dng. d. Cc enzyme km hm cn cht ng km hm c ch phin m gen, cn enzyme cm ng khng cn cht ng km hm. 10.42. C th cc ch phnh trn trn nhim sc th khng l l biu hin ca : a. Cc gen b km hm. b. Cc gen c hot tnh mnh. c. Cc im sao chp DNA mnh. d. Cc im tng hp nhiu acid amin. 10.43. Nhim sc th khng l ca rui dm c mt s ch phnh thng xuyn, l : a. Vng cc gen hot ng rt mnh. b. Vng sao chp DNA mnh. c. Vng cc gen iu ha c biu hin. d. Vng enzyme restriction hot ng mnh. 10.44. C ch iu ha no l ngun gc cn bn cc sai khc gia nhng t bo bit ha: a. iu ha ni tip. b. iu ha sau phin m. c. iu ha phin m. d. iu ha dch m. 10.45. Cc enhancer c cc c im sau, ngoi tr : a. Chiu di t khong 50 n 200 cp base b. Cch xa gen t 200 cp base n hng chc nghn base c. Ch pha trc promoter d. Nm pha trc hoc sau promoter 10.46. Protein iu ha biu hin gen c motif gn-DNA no n gin nht v ph bin nht ? a. Ngn tay km (Zinc finger) b. Kha dy ko leucine (Leucine zipper) c. Xon-mc-xon (Helix-loop-helix) d. Xon-vng cun-xon (Helix-turn-helix) c10.47. B gen ngi c bao nhiu gen m ha cho cc protein iu ha gen ? a. ~1000 b. ~1500 c. ~2.000 gen d. ~2500 b10.48. Cc t bo ngi biu hin hn bao nhiu loi miRNA khc nhau ? a. 300 loi miRNA khc nhau b. 400 loi miRNA khc nhau c. 500 loi miRNA khc nhau d. 600 loi miRNA khc nhau

CHNG XI. DI TRUYN HC CA VI RUS V VI KHUN

Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng sai, nu sai th sa : 11.1. Virus c cc b gen rt a dng. 11.2. Capsid l mng bao ngoi cng ca virus, c nhiu gai. 11.3. Cc virus ca vi khun gi l bacteriophage. 11.4. Cc virus c th sng v sinh sn ngoi t bo. 11.5. Trong chu trng tan DNA ca phage gn vo b gen ca vi khun. 11.6. Cu to ca viroid thc vt gm 1 phn t RNA nh v vi phn t protein. 11.7. Cc virus sao chp DNA v RNA theo 3 con ng khc nhau. 11.8. Cc qu trnh sinh sn hu tnh khng in hnh vi khun c gi l cn hu tnh. 11.9. Ti np l hin tng truyn thng tin nh DNA. 11.10. Trong bin np, t bo c kh nng nhn bt k loi DNA no.
12

11.11. Khi sinh sn trong t bo vi khun, v protein ca phage c th rp nhm DNA ca vi khun. 11.12. Nhn t F+ l mt loi plasmid. 11.13. Transposon l on gen di ng. 11.14. Trnh t xen on IS l cc transposon di nht. 11.15. Transposition khng sao chp (nonreplicative): transposon c ct khi DNA t bo cho (donor) v c gn vo phn t DNA mc tiu. Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 11.16. Virus c thnh phn cu to cn bn gm : a) V capsid v rut acid nucleic. b) Mng bao v rut acid nucleic. c) V capsid, mng bao v rut RNA. d) V capsid v rut DNA. 11.18. Mng bao c thnh phn : a) Protein. b) Phospholipid, protein v glycoprotein. c) Protein v glycoprotein. d) Glycoprotein. 11.19. Capsid ca bacteriophage c cu trc gm : a) u a din. b) u a din v bao ui. c) u a din v si gc d) u a din, bao ui v si gc. 11.23. im no sau y ng vi chu trnh tim tan ca bacteriophage : a) Enzyme u tin c to ra ct DNA ca t bo ch. b) Sao chp DNA nh cc enzyme do chng t tng hp . c) Sau mi vng sao chp, DNA con c bao ngay bng capsid. d) DNA ca phage gn vo DNA ca t bo ch. 11.27. Sao chp b gen ca Retrovirus theo c ch : a) RNA mch n > RNA mch kp > RNA mch n. b) RNA mch n > RNA mch kp > DNA mch kp. c) RNA mch n > RNA-cDNA lai > DNA mch kp. d) RNA mch n > DNA mch kp > DNA mch kp. 11.28. im no khng l c im ca di truyn vi khun : a) B gen la DNA trn. b) Hp t ton phn. c) Mt nhm lin kt gen. d) Truyn thng tin mt chiu. 11.30. Cp no sau y cho hiu qu bin np ? a) DNA mch n v t bo R khng c kh nng dung np. b) DNA mch kp v t bo R c kh nng dung np c) DNA mch n v t bo R c kh nng dung np d) DNA mch kp v t bo R khng c kh nng dung np 11.31. Ti np l : a) Phage xm nhp vi khun b) Phage A mang gen ca phage B a vo vi khun c) Phage mang gen ca vi khun A a vo vi khun B d) Vi khun A chuyn gen vo vi khun B 11.32. Sau khi phage xm nhp vi khun , s kin no c ngha quan trng nht trong ti np ? a) Phage ct DNA ca vi khun v sao chp phage tng hp v capsid. b) Phage tng hp v capsid c) 1 - 2% v protein ca capsid lp nhm DNA ca vi khun d) V protein ca capsid lp DNA ca phage 11.33. T bo vi khun E. coli no c gi l Hfr ? a). Khng c plasmid. b) C plasmid dng t do. c) C plasmid c gn vo b gen ca t bo ch. d) C mang DNA ca phage. 11.37. im no sau y khng l c im ca ti t hp vi khun ? a) Truyn thng tin mt chiu t th cho sang th nhn b) Trao i cc on vt cht di truyn tng ng bng nhau c) Ti t hp gia cc phn t cht di truyn. d) S bt cp cc cht di truyn ( DNA ) ch c 1 on ngn.

13

CHNG XII. K THUT DI TRUYN V CC -OMICS

in cc t vo ch cha trng : 12.1. Tp hp cc dng gen c tng hp t mRNA gi l th vin . 12.2.. Vector chuyn gen cha plasmide + cos gi l .. 12.3. Nhim sc th nhn to ca ng vt c v c gi tt bng ting Anh l 12.4. Nhim sc th nhn to ca vi khun c gi tt bng ting Anh l 12.5. C nhiu thut ng ng ngha ch k thut ct, ni, ghp, chp v chuyn gen in vitro nh : . DNA (DNA recombinant technology). .. (Genetic engeneering). . (Gene engineering) hay (Genetic technology hay Gentech). .. (Gene manipulation). (molecular cloning), v mt nucleic acid c nhn bn thnh dng gm v s bn sao. 12.6. Chc nng sinh hc ca restriction endonuclease l s xm nhp ca DNA l. 12.7. C th sinh tng hp gen t nh enzyme reverse transcriptase. 12.38. Cp no sau y khng ng vi k thut ti t hp DNA ? a) Enzyme Restriction endonuclease - cc on RFLP. b) DNA ligase - enzyme ct DNA to cc u "c kt" c) DNA polymerase - dng trong khuch i DNA. d) Reserve transcriptase - to c - DNA t mRNA 12.40. Trong cc trnh t mch kp ca DNA, im ct no ca Eco RI. a. AAGG b. AGTC c. GGCC d. AATT TTCC TCAG CCGG TTAA 12.42. Cp no sau y lin quan n thu nhn gen DNA ? a. Reserve transcriptase - c-DNA t mRNA b. Restriction endonuclease - cc on RFLP c. DNA ligase - ni DNA. d. Phage lamda - vector chuyn gen. 12.43. Trong k thut ti t hp DNA, vector chuyn gen l a. Enzyme ct DNA thnh cc on ngn b. Cc "u mt c kt" ca on DNA c. Plasmid hay phage c dng a gen vo t bo sng d. Mu DNA dng xc nh mt gen no 12.44. YAC l g ? a. Vector plasmid. b. Nhim sc th nhn to nm men. c. Vector l phage. d. Enzyme chuyn bit. 12.45. Mc no sau y khng thuc v phng php thu nhn gen : a. Tng hp bng phng php ha hc. b. Trch DNA t b gen v ct nh. c. Lai DNA. d. Sinh tng hp gen t mRNA. 12.46. Khun to ra c-DNA l a. DNA b. mRNA c. Plasmid d. mu th DNA 12.47. Mc no sau y khng thuc v ng dng ca k thut ti t hp DNA ? a. Xc nh trnh t cc nucleotid ca gen. b. Dng vi sinh vt sn xut protein ca ngi. c. Phng php chn on mi bng lai acid nucleic. d. Gy t bin bng tia t ngoi. 12.50. Phng php cha bnh di truyn l : a. a gen khng bnh vo ngi. b. Liu php gen. c. Vaccine DNA. d. YAC. B12.51. B gen ca E. coli c kch thc khong no ? a. 3.500 kb. b. 4.500 kb. c. 7.000 kb. d. 12.000 kb c12.52. C mt s gen ton nng (universal genes) cn thit cho tt c cc sinh vt, nh : a. Cc gen sao chp DNA b. Cc gen phin m c. Cc gen m ha cho im gn ATP (ATP binding site) d. Cc gen chuyn ha cc amino acid

14

a12.53. T l phn trm cc gen ca mt sinh vt dnh cho chc nng t bo ny hay khc mc no tng quan vi kch thc b gen (genome). T l phn trm cc gen tng hp protein tng tng i cc sinh vt c b gen nh th no ? a. b gen nh b. b gen trung bnh c. b gen ln d. Tng nh nhau b12.54. Mycoplasma genitalium ch c 480 gen, nhng c th sng st trong phng th nghim vi b gen cn bn ti thiu (the minimal essential genome) gm bao nhiu gen ?. a. 301 gen ti thiu b. 337 gen ti thiu c. 355 gen ti thiu d. 363 gen ti thiu

CHNG XIII. CHU TRNH T BO V PHN BO

Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng sai, nu sai th sa : 1. Sao chp h gen l tin cho tt c cc qu trnh sinh sn. 2. S kim sot chu trnh t bo m bo cho s pht trin nhanh ca cc sinh vt. 3. S m t hnh thi ca b NST c gi l kiu nhn (karyotype) c trng cho mi loi. 4.Trong nguyn phn, im chia sau cng ca NST kp l tm ng bng cch tch i theo chiu ngang cui k gia, u k sau to 2 NST n. 5. Pha G1 tng ng vi tng hp DNA. 6. Khong 50% ca chu trnh t bo l k trung gian gia cc ln nguyn phn. 7. Cc nghin cu apoptosis d thc hin Drosophila melanogaster.

8. Apoptosis c vai tr kin to trong bin i hnh thi (morphogenesis).

9. Cht kim sot G1 ngn khng cho nguyn phn bt u trc khi s nhn i ca DNA c hon tt. 10. t bo ng vt, s chia t bo cht bt u bng np nhn phn cch. Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 13.27. Vng khng nhum mu ca nhim sc th c gi l : a. Cht nguyn nhim sc. b. Cht d nhim sc. c. Cht v nhim sc. d. Cht nhim sc (chromatine). 13.29. Trong giai on S ca chu trnh t bo, t bo : a. chu s phn chia t bo cht ( cytokinesis ) b. ang xy ra chia gim nhim c. sao chp ADN ca n d. ang chia nguyn nhim e. bc vo gin k ( interphase ) 13.30. Giai on no ca chu trnh t bo l di nht ? a. K sau ( anaphase ) b. gian k ( interphase ) c. K gia ( metaphase ) d. K trc ( prophase ) e. K cui ( telophase ) 13.32. S kin no sau y xy ra trong nguyn phn ? a. Cc nhim sc th i (c 2 chromatid ch em). b. Hai t bo con 2n ging t bo m c to ra c. Trao i cho xy ra gia cc nhim sc th tng ng. d. Cc nhim sc th tng ng tip hp. e. Hai trong cc s kin trn. 13.33. S kin no sau y xy ra gim phn I ? a. Cc t bo con lng bi c to thnh. b. Cc nhim sc th n (1 chromatid) chuyn dch v cc cc. c. S lng nhim sc th gim t 2n xung cn 1n. d. Cc nhim sc th tng ng bt cp. 13.45. Kiu sinh sn hu tnh c c im : a. do gim phn. b. th h con ging m. c. th h con khc m. d. a v b. e. a v c 13.46. Vng i ca sinh vt l : a. Chu trnh sinh sn hu tnh. b. Chu trnh sinh sn v tnh. c. S ni tip th h n bi v lng bi. d. Khng c mc no k trn.

15

CHNG XIV. DI TRUYN HC MENDEL

Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 14.1. u, hoa nch l tri so vi hoa nh . T l kiu hnh hu th s nh th no nu lai gia cy c hoa nch l d hp t vi cy c hoa nh? a. 3 nch l : 1 nh d. tt c hoa nch l b. 3 nh : 1 nch l e. khng c t l no nh trn c. 1 nch l : 1 nh 14.2. Bnh vy c bm sinh c di truyn do mt gen ln . Gi s ngi n b mc bnh, kt hn vi ngi n ng bnh thng khng mang gen bnh. Bao nhiu phn trm con h s b bnh? a. 0% b. 25% c. 33% d. 50% e. 75% 14.3. mt loi bm dng mu sng c s di truyn do mt gen ln . Nu mt bm mu sng lai vi bm mu sm ny c mt trong hai b m mu sng , th th h con bao nhiu phn trm c mu sng? a. 25% b. 33% c. 50% d. 75% e. 100% 14.4. Gen tri W to lng cng ch; allel W ln ca n to lng mm . Mt nhm ch d hp t lng cng c giao phi vi nhau v tt c con lai F1 c lai phn tch. T l kiu hnh s nh th no th h con c c do lai phn tch ? a. 3 lng cng : 1 mm d. 100% lng cng b. 1 lng cng : 1 mm e. khng c t l no k trn l ng c. 3 lng mm : 1 cng 14.5. b cu, mu xm do gen tri G (Gray) trn nhim sc th thng . Hai con b cu xm giao phi vi nhau ra 1 b cu con khng xm trong nm u. Nu nm sau cp b cu xm trn tip tc con th t l b cu xm l bao nhiu? a. 100% b. 75% c. 50% d. 25% e. 0% 14.34. Gen c s biu hin ph thuc gii tnh l : a.Gen c s biu hin tri gii tnh ny, ln gii tnh khc. b. Gen c s biu hin ch mt gii tnh. c. Gen khng c s biu hin kiu hnh , nhng nh hng biu hin kiu hnh gen khc. d. Gen lin kt vi gii tnh.

CHNG XV. DI TRUYN HC NHIM SC TH

Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 15.1. Gi s kh nng cun li trn thnh ng ( tri) lin kt vi mt dng ln cng tri. Nu cha m u d hp t c hai allel vi hai tri trn mt nhim sc th , cn hai allel ln trn ci kia, th t l kiu hnh cc con s nh th no? ( Gi s khng c trao i cho). a. 3 li cun trn ln : 1 bnh thng b. 9 li cun trn ln:3 khng cun trn ln :1 khng cun trn-cao bnh thng c. 1 cun li trn ln : 1 khng cun li cao thng 1 cun li trn - cao bnh thng : 1 khng cun li ln d. 1 cun li trn ln :1 bnh thng e. khng c t l no nh trn 15.2. Hai gen A v B lin kt vi nhau. T l phn ly kiu gen v kiu hnh s nh th no cc con nu c s giao phi gia cha m m c hai u l Ab/aB. ( Gi s khng c trao i cho, nhng c biu hin tri ) . a. Kiu gen v kiu hnh 3 : 1. b. Kiu gen v kiu hnh 1 : 2 : 1. c. Kiu gen 1 : 2 : 1 , kiu hnh 3 : 1 d. Kiu gen v kiu hnh 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 . e. Khng c t l no nh trn 15. 3. C ch xc nh gii tnh con ong l : a. Con c ng giao t XX. b. Con c d giao t XY. c. Con c n bi. d. Con ci d giao t XY. 15.4. C ch xc nh gii tnh con chu chu l : a. Con c ng giao t XX. b. Con c d giao t XY. c. Con c d giao t XO. d. Con ci d giao t XY.

16

15.35. Nhng im no sau y khng chng minh gen nm trn nhim sc th ? a/. S di truyn lin kt hon ton. b/. Hin tng tri khng hon ton. c/. S nhm lin kt gen ti a bng s cp nhim sc th. d/. S di truyn lin kt vi gii tnh. 15.40. Nhng gen no c s di truyn t bo cht : a. Gen ca ti th. b. Gen ca lc lp. c. Gen xc nh gii tnh. d. a v b.

CHNG XVI. HC THUYT TIN HA CA DARWIN

Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng sai, nu sai th sa : 16.1. Cc ging vt nui v cy trng bt ngun t nhiu t tin hoang di ban u. 16.2. Chn lc nhn to hon thin cc ging vt nui cy trng. 16.3. Theo Darwin, nhng sai khc c th l khi im ca nhng sai khc gia cc loi. 16.4. Theo Darwin, trong u tranh sinh tn k mnh s chin thng. 16.5. S phn ly du hiu l yu t hng u gip cc sinh vt thch nghi. Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 16.10. Dng chn lc no hon thin nhanh cc ging vt nui cy trng : a. Chn lc c phng php. b. Chn lc t pht. c. Chn lc gii tnh. d. Chn lc c th. 16.12. u tranh sinh tn hiu theo ngha rng l : a. Chy nhanh trnh k th. b. C sc khe chng li k th. c. Sinh sn nhiu hu th. d. Kh nng chng bnh tt. 16.13. S a dng c c ch yu nh qu trnh : a. Phn ly du hiu. b. S sng st qua cuc u tranh sinh tn. c. Chn lc gii tnh. d. Chn lc c th. 16.15. S thch nghi c th c xc nh bi : a. kh nng cnh tranh i vi ngun dinh dng gii hn b. thnh cng trong gp nhiu gen cho cc th h tng lai. c. kh nng thot khi k th v trnh c cc sinh vt k sinh d. sc mnh v lc e. sc khng bnh

CHNG XVII. QUN TH L N V TIN HA

17.1. 17.2. 17.3. 17.4. 17.5. Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng sai, nu sai th sa : Tiu tin ha l s tin ha mc qun th. Hc thuyt tiu tin ha cn gi l thuyt tin ha tng hp. Qun th l tp hp ca nhiu c th tm thi sng trn 1 vng lnh th. Giao phi t do l yu t quan trng hng u i vi qun th di truyn. Cc nh di truyn hc nghin cu qun th gen. Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 17.11. Phn ln s a dng di truyn nhng qun th t nhin xut hin do: a. s hy dit c chn lc ca k th. b. s di c hay nhp c ca cc c th c. cc t bin mi. d. ti t hp do sinh sn hu tnh 17.14. Mc no sau y l iu kin tin quyt ca qun th cn bng ? a. giao phi t do c. khng c t bin b. khng c chn lc t nhin d. cc alen ln chim u th. e. a, b, c 17.18. Qun th ngi c c tn s ca IA = 0,6 , IB = 0,2 trong cc nhm mu A - B - O. iu c ngha : a. Tn s ca i = 0,2 c. Tn s ca nhm mu A l 0,6 b. Tn s ca nhm mu B l 0,6 d. Tn s nhm mu AB = 0,6 17.20. Ngi ta nhn thy cc ch con t nhng la c s lng trung bnh th nui tt hn. l v d v : a. chn lc n nh c. chn lc cc oan b. chn lc nh hng d. qun th cn bng

17

CHNG XVIII. LOI V HNH THNH LOI

Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng sai, nu sai th sa : 18.1. Hai chng ca cng mt loi c sinh sn c lp vi nhau. 18.2. Cc con lai gia cc qun th c lp c th c to ra trong phng th nghim. 18.3. Cc qun th l nhng n v sinh sn c lp ca loi. 18.4. Thng thng, lai gia cc loi rt kh xy ra. 18.5. Loi theo Linneaus l n v phn loi. 18.6. Loi sinh hc ch cn c vo cc c tnh hnh thi. 18.7. Cc c ch cch ly ni ti c l hot ng ch yu trong cc qun th khc vng c tr hn l trong cc qun th cng vng c tr. 18.8. Do nga v la c th lai vi nhau to ra con la, nga v la phi thuc mt loi. 18.9. Cc dng a bi th c th to ra loi mi. 18.10. Trnh t lp - h - b - ging ch cc mc phn loi gim dn. Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 18.11. im no khng thuc quan nim v loi ca Ray ? a. Cc c th ging nhau v hnh thi. b. Cc c th ging nhau v sinh l. c. n v phn loi. d. n v sinh sn. 18.12. im no khng thuc quan nim v loi ca Linneaus ? a. n v phn loi. b. Tnh ph bin. c. Tnh bn vng. d. Khng mc no k trn. 18.16. Loi l mt qun x ti sinh v : a. Cc c th tr thay th cc c th gi. b. Nhiu cp c kh nng giao phi. c. Cc c ch chuyn bit sinh sn bn trong loi.d. Cc c th c quan h sinh thi vi nhau. 18.17. Loi l mt n v di truyn v : a. C vn gen. b. Cc nhm qun th lai c v nhau. c. Cch ly sinh sn vi cc loi khc. d. a v b. e. a, b v c. 18.18. Cc du hiu no ca loi c nh gi cao trong phn loi : a. Cc du hiu hnh thi. b. Cc du hiu t bo hc. c. Cc du hiu sinh l. d. Cc du hiu di truyn. 18.20. Cc c ch thch nghi no quan trng hn c : a. Thch nghi kiu hnh nh bin i mu lng theo ma. b. Cc c ch iu chnh hot ng sinh l. c. Thch nghi vi nhit . d. Thch nghi vi nh sng. 18.24. C ch cch ly no tit kim nng lng hn ? a. Cch ly tin giao phi. b. Cch ly hu giao phi. c. Cch ly do con lai bt th. d. Cch ly do hp t b cht. 18.25. C ch cch ly no sau y thuc hu giao phi ? a. Cch ly tp tnh. b. Cch ly theo ma. c. Truyn tinh trng nhng giao t cht. d. a v b. 18.26. C ch cch ly no sau y thuc tin giao phi ? a. Cch ly do con lai bt th. b. Cch ly theo ma. c. Truyn tinh trng nhng giao t cht. d. b v c. 18.29. S tin ha chng loi : a. Qu trnh hnh thnh loi b. Nhng bin i theo thi gian trong mt dng tin ha. c. S tin ha cnh tranh. d. S tin ha chuyn bit.

CHNG XIX. S PHT SINH V PHT TRIN S SNG TRN TRI T

19.1. 19.2. 19.3. 19.4. 19.5. Xc nh ni dung cc cu sau ng sai, nu sai th sa : S sng xut hin cch nay 3 t nm. Cc sinh vt u tin l cc vi khun ym kh. Cc Eukaryotae u tin xut hin cch nay khong 1,5 t nm. Loi ngi xut hin cch nay 500.000 nm. Lucy l mu xng s ca Proconsul.

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Chn cu tr li ng nht trong s nhiu cu gi : 19.14. Cht no khng c trong kh quyn c xa trc khi xut hin quang hp? a). Nc b). Oxy c). NH3 d). CH4 19.15. Trong th nghim ca mnh, Miller tng hp c tt c cc cht sau, tr : a. cc acid amin b. acid acetic c).acid lactic d). khng c mc no k ra y 19.18. Trong nhng im sau, im no khng l khc bit cn bn gia ging ngi Homo vi cc loi vn to : a. Ngi c ting ni c. Ngi ch to cng c tinh vi b. Ngi ng thng d. Ngi khng c ui 19.19. Th t no sau y phn nh ng tin ha ca loi ngi : a. Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapiens b. Australopithecus Homo sapiens Homo erectus Homo habilis c. Homo erectus Homo sapiens Homo habilis Australopithecus d. Australopithecus Homo erectus Homo habilis Homo sapiens 19.20. Cn c vo u ni rng Lucy ng thng : a. xng bn chn b. xng s c. xng chu d. xng i

LI GII
Chng II. 39. a. 40. a.. 41. e. 45. c. 46. a. 47. b 48. d. Chng III. 1. . 2. s. 3. s. 4. s. 5. . 6. 7.s. 8. s. 9. s. 10. s. 11. s. 12.. 13. . 14. . 15.. 16. b. 18.b.24. d. 30. a. 34. e. 41. b. 48. c. Chng IV. 4.12 b, 4.13 a, 4.14 c, 4.22 c, 4.23 c, 4.25 b, 4.26 a, 4.27 c, 4.28 c, 4.29 c, 4.30 a, 4.31 b, 4.32 a, 4.33 d, Chng V. 1. . 2. . 3. s. 4. . 5. . 6. s. 7.. 8. S. 9. . 10.s 11. a. 17. a. 21. 2. 24. e. 39. b. Chng VI. 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. s. 6. . 7.S. 8. S. 9. . 10. s. 11.d 12. a. 18. b. 23. d. 35. b. 44. d. 48.d. 49. e. 59. b. Chng VII. 1. s. 2. . 3. S. 4. . 5. s. 6.s. 7.S. 8. . 9. . 10.s. 11.. 12.. 13.s. 14.s. 15.s. 17. a. 23. a. 29. b. 46. c.50.a. Chng VIII. 1. f. 2. c. 3. d. 4. b. 5. g. 6. e. 7.a. 8. e. 9.c 10. b. 11. b. 12. c. 13. b. 17. b. 19. e. 24. c. 30. b. 36.b.37.b. 38.d. 39.c. Chng IX. 1.b. 2. c. 3. a. 4. a. 5.a. 6.c 7.d 8.b. 9.b. 10.c. 11.b. 12.d. 13.b. 14.d. 15.d. 16.t in. 17.c. 20.b. 21.d. 22.c. 23.b. 24.b. 25.a. 26.d. 34.b. 35.a. 36.c. 37.b. 44. Watson . b. 50.d. 51.b. 52.b. 66.b. 9.67.e. 9.68.c. 9.69.b. 9.70.e. 9.71.c Chng X. 1.. 2.s. 3.s. 4.. 5.s. 6.. 7.. 8.s. 9.. 10.s. 11.c. 12.a. 13. b v c. 14.b. 15.d. 16.b. 19.b. 20.a. 22.c.. 25.c. 26.b. . 27.c. 30.a. 32.d. 33.b. 34.b.. 37.c.. 42.b. 43.a. 44.c. 45.c. 10.46.d. 10.47.c 10.48.b. Chng XI. 1.. 2.s. 3.. 4.s. 5.s. 6.s. 7.. 8.. 9.s. 10.s. 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.a. 18.b. 19.a. 23.d. 27. c. 28.b. 30.b. 31.c. 32.c. 33.c. 37.b. Chng XII. 12.1. cDNA. 12.2. cosmid. 3. MAC. .4. BAC. 3.5. K thut ti thp DNA, K thut di truyn , K thut gen hay cng ngh gen Thao tc gen To dng phn t. 12.6. bo v chng 12.7. mRNA. 12. 38.b. 40.d. 42.a. 43.c. 44.b. 45.c. 46.b. 47.d. 50.b. 12.51.b. 52.c. 53.a. 12.54.b. Chng XIII. 13.1. 2S. (2. S kim sot chu trnh t bo m bo cho s pht trin chnh xc hi ha ca cc sinh vt). 3. 4S (chiu dc). 5S. 6S. 7S. 8. 9S. 13.10. 27. a. 29. c. 30.b. 32. b. 33. d. 45. e. 46. c. Chng XIV. 1.c. 2.a. 3. c. 4. b. 5.b. 34.a. Chng XV. 1.a. 2.b. 3.c. 4. c. 35. b. 40. d. Chng XVI. 1.s. 2.. 3. . 4.s. 5. s. 10. a. 12.c. 13.a. 15. b. Chng XVII. 1.. 2.s. 3. s. 4.. 5. . 11. d. 14.e. 18.a. 20. a. Chng XVIII. 1s. 2. . 3. s. 4. . 5. . 6. s. 7.s. 8.s. 9.. 10.. 11.c. 12 d. 16. c. 17.e. 18. a. 20.b. 21. b. 24. a. 25. c. 26. b. 29. b. 30.b. 31.c. 36. c. 39. a. 40. a. Chng XIX. 1.s. 2.. 3. . 4.s. 5. s. 14. b. 15.d. 18.d. 19. a. 20. c.

19