Do An Bia Tu 6476

n tt nghip
Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm
B GIO DC V O TO
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI
c lp-T do-Hnh phc
NHIM V THIT K TT NGHIP

H tn: Dng Ngc Tu
Lp: Cng Ngh Thc Phm Sau Thu Hoch 3
Vin : Cng Ngh Sinh Hc v Thc Phm
1.
Kha: 50
u thit k:
Thit k nh my sn xut bia chai v bia hi nng sut 25 triu lt/ nm
2.
Cc s liu ban u.
20% bia hi
80% bia chai
Nguyn liu thay th : go
3.
Ni dung phn thuyt minh tnh ton
Li ni u
Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut
Phn II : Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn phm
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b
Phn V: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh my
Phn VI: Tnh ton nhu cu nng lng, nhu cu nc ca nh my
Phn VII: Tnh ton kinh t
Phn VIII: V sinh an ton lao ng
Kt lun
4.
Cc bn v (ghi r cc loi bn v, kch thc cc bn v)
Bn v s 1 : S dy chuyn cng ngh : A1

Bn v s 2 : Thit k phn xng nu
Bn v s 3 : Thit k khu ln men
Bn v s 4 : Thit k phn xng hon thin
Bn v s 5 : Tng mt bng nh my
Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50
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5.
Cn b hng dn
Phn
Cng ngh
Xy dng
Kinh t
6.
7.
Cn b hng dn
(k, ghi r h tn)
PGS.TS NGUYN XUN PHNG

THS. LNG THY NGA
THS. NGUYN VIT H
Ngy giao nhim v thit k : 25/02/2010

Ngy hon thnh: 05/06/2010
Ch nhim b mn/khoa
(k, ghi r h tn)
Kt qu nh gi
Ngy thng nm
Cn b hng dn Cng ngh
(k, ghi r h tn)
Sinh vin hon thnh

v np n cho b mn
(k, ghi r h tn)
Ngy thng nm
Ch tch hi ng
(k, ghi r h tn)
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MC LC
MC LC ..................................................................................................................................3
LI NI U..................................................................................................................................7
Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut.....................................................................................................9
I. Hin trng sn xut v tiu th bia trn th gii v ti Vit Nam............................................9
II. Chn loi sn phm, a im xy dng, vng nguyn liu v th trng.............................9
1. La chn loi bia sn xut...................................................................................................9
2. La chn a im xy dng nh my...............................................................................10
3. Vng nguyn liu...............................................................................................................11
4. Vng tiu th sn phm......................................................................................................11
5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh......................................................................................11
6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu.................................................................................................12
7. Ngun nhn lc..................................................................................................................12
8. Giao thng vn ti..............................................................................................................12
II.2.3 ng ha....................................................................................................................19
II.2.4 Lc dch ng.............................................................................................................22
II.2.5 Nu hoa ........................................................................................................................24
II.2.6. Lng xoy....................................................................................................................25
II.2.7. Lnh nhanh v b sung kh O2 cho dch ln men......................................................25
II.2.8. Ln men.......................................................................................................................26
II.2.9 Lc trong bia................................................................................................................36
II.2.10 Bo ha CO2...............................................................................................................37
II.2.11 Hon thin sn phm................................................................................................38
Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn phm.........................................................42
A. Lp k hoch sn xut...........................................................................................................42
B. Tnh cn bng sn phm........................................................................................................44
I. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100l bia chai........................................................................44
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt............................................................................................44
2. Lng b go v b malt....................................................................................................46
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b..............................................................................46
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng..............................................................................................48
5. Cc nguyn liu khc.........................................................................................................48
II. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia hi.......................................................................53
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt............................................................................................53
2. Lng b go v b malt....................................................................................................54
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b..............................................................................55
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng..............................................................................................56
5. Cc nguyn liu khc.........................................................................................................57
III. Ho cht v sinh:..............................................................................................................60
1. Ha cht v sinh cc ni nu:............................................................................................60
2. Ha cht v sinh cc thit b ln men, tng tr bia:...........................................................61
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b.......................................................................................................62
I. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu.............................................................................62
1. Cn, gu ti.........................................................................................................................62
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2. My nghin.........................................................................................................................63
3. Ni h ho..........................................................................................................................63
4. Ni ng ho....................................................................................................................64
5. Thng lc y bng............................................................................................................66
6. Ni nu hoa........................................................................................................................67
7. Thng cha trung gian.......................................................................................................68
8. Thng lng xoy.................................................................................................................69
9. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh...........................................................................................70
10. Thng nc nng.............................................................................................................74
11. H thng cip nu..............................................................................................................75
II. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men.....................................................................77
1. Tank ln men......................................................................................................................77
2. Thit b nhn ging cp II..................................................................................................78
3. Thit b nhn ging cp I...................................................................................................79
4. Thit b ra men sa kt lng.............................................................................................79
5. Thit b hot ho men.........................................................................................................80
6. H thng cip lnh:..............................................................................................................81
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin...............................................................81
1. Thit b lc trong bia..........................................................................................................81
2. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2.........................................................................................82
3. H thng chit bock...........................................................................................................82
4. H thng chit chai.............................................................................................................83
Phn V: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh my..............................................................88
A. Phn tch v la chn a im xy dng.............................................................................88
B. Thit k tng mt bng nh my...........................................................................................89
C.Thit k tng mt bng nh my............................................................................................91
1/Kho nguyn liu:..........................................................................................................91
2/Nh sn xut chnh ...........................................................................................................91
3/Khu ln men........................................................................................................................93
4/Nh hon thin sn phm....................................................................................................93
5/Kho cha bia thnh phm...................................................................................................95
6/Kho cha bock v kt .........................................................................................................95
7/Nh xe:............................................................................................................................96
8/Gara t:..............................................................................................................................96
9/Nh hnh chnh-hi trng-phng hp:.............................................................................96
10/Bp-nh n:.......................................................................................................................97
11/Nh v sinh:.......................................................................................................................97
12/Trm bin p:....................................................................................................................97
13/Phn xng cp kh nn v thu hi CO2:.........................................................................97
14/Xng c in:..................................................................................................................98
15/Phng KCS........................................................................................................................98
16/Khu cha b:.....................................................................................................................98
17/Khu x l nc sch:........................................................................................................98
18/Khu x l nc thi:.........................................................................................................98
19/Phn xng hi:................................................................................................................98
20/Bi than:.............................................................................................................................98
21/Phng bo v:....................................................................................................................99
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22/Nh gii thiu sn phm:..................................................................................................99

23/Phng y t:.........................................................................................................................99
D. Gii php thit k tng mt bng nh my.........................................................................100
1.Vng trc nh my:.........................................................................................................100
2.Vng sn xut: ..................................................................................................................100
3.Vng sau nh my: ...........................................................................................................101
4. Thit k phn xng sn xut chnh................................................................................101
5. Tnh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut.....................................................................................103
Phn VI: Tnh ton nhu cu nng lng, nhu cu nc ca nh my.........................................105
I. Tnh nhit lnh......................................................................................................................105
1. Lng nhit lnh cn cp cho thit b lnh nhanh...........................................................105
2. Lng nhit lnh cp cho khu tank ln men....................................................................106
3. Lng nhit lnh cp cho h thng cp men ging.........................................................108
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp nhn men...........................................................................110
4. Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin..........................................................112
5. H thng lnh...................................................................................................................112
II. Tnh hi................................................................................................................................115
1. Lng hi cp cho ni h ho.........................................................................................115
2. Lng hi cp cho ni ng ho...................................................................................116
3. Lng hi cp cho ni nu hoa.......................................................................................117
4. Lng hi cp cho thit b un nng nc......................................................................118
Qnu = Qhh + Qh + Qhoa + Qn = 1444. 103 + 2879,3.103 + 3841.103+ 2412.103 =
10576,3. 103(kJ)...................................................................................................................118
5. Lng hi cp cho phn xng hon thin.....................................................................118
6. Lng nhin liu cho ni hi...........................................................................................119
III. Tnh nc............................................................................................................................121
1. Lng nc dng cho phn xng nu...........................................................................121
2. Lng nc dng cho phn xng ln men....................................................................121
3. Lng nc dng cho phn xng hon thin................................................................121
4. Lng nc dng cho cc hot ng khc ca nh my................................................122
IV. Tnh in.............................................................................................................................123
1. Ph ti chiu sng.............................................................................................................123
2. Ph ti sn xut................................................................................................................125
3. Xc nh cc thng s ca h thng in........................................................................126
4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm...................................................................................126
a. in nng thp sng hng nm........................................................................................126
b. in nng tiu th cho sn xut hng nm......................................................................127
c. in nng tiu th c nm................................................................................................127
Phn VII: Tnh ton kinh t..........................................................................................................128
A. Phn tch th trng.............................................................................................................128
B. Tnh cc ch tiu d n u t.............................................................................................129
I. Nhu cu vn u t...........................................................................................................129
II. Tnh gi thnh sn phm..................................................................................................136
III. Tnh dng tin v mt s ch tiu hiu qu ca d n...................................................141
Phn VIII: V sinh an ton lao ng............................................................................................145
I. V sinh...................................................................................................................................145
1. V sinh c nhn................................................................................................................145
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2. V sinh thit b nh xng...............................................................................................145

II. An ton lao ng..................................................................................................................147
1. Chng kh c trong nh my..........................................................................................147
2. Chng n v rung ng....................................................................................................147
3. An ton khi vn hnh thit b...........................................................................................147
4. An ton v in................................................................................................................147
5. Phng chy cha chy......................................................................................................148
Kt lun.........................................................................................................................................149
Ti liu tham kho chnh......................................................................................................150
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LI NI U
Bia l mt loi ung gii kht hin rt c a chung nc ta cng nh
trn th gii. Bia c mu sc, hng v c trng, d dng phn bit vi cc loi ung
khc. c sn xut t cc nguyn liu chnh l malt i mch, hoa hublon... bia em li
gi tr dinh dng, mt lt bia cung cp 400 450kcal, bia c kh nng kch thch tiu
ho, gip c th kho mnh khi dng vi liu lng thch hp v c bit cn c tc
dng lm gim nhanh cn kht ca ngi ung nh c tnh bo ho CO2.
Theo nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc, bia ra i t khong 7000 nm trc
Cng nguyn, bt ngun t cc b lc c tr ven b sng Lng H, sau c truyn
sang cc chu lc khc thng qua qu trnh trao i, bun bn gia cc b lc. Trong qu
trnh tm kim nguyn liu ph tng cht lng cho bia, ngi ta nhn thy hoa
houblon mang li cho bia hng v rt c bit v nhiu c tnh qu gi. Hin nay, hoa
hublon vn l nguyn liu khng th thay th trong sn xut bia. n th k XIX Louis
Pasteur xut bn cun sch v bia to ra ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia di nh
sng khoa hc, cng vi s pht trin ca cc ngnh khoa hc khc quy trnh cng ngh
sn xut bia ang ngy cng tr nn hon thin. Chnh v vy, bia tr thnh loi
ung c a chung nht hin nay, c sn xut v tiu th ngy nhiu trn phm vi
ton th gii.
Vit Nam, bia xut hin cha lu lm (ch khong 100 nm), ngnh cng
nghip sn xut bia vn cn rt nhiu tim nng pht trin. Trong nhng nm gn y,
nhu cu s dng bia nc ta ngy cng tng. Rt nhiu nh my cng nh c s sn
xut bia c thnh lp trn khp c nc nhng vn cha p ng ht c nhu cu th
trng c v cht lng cng nh s lng. Hn na bia l mt ngnh cng nghip c
nhiu ng gp to ln cho ngnh kinh t quc dn v n l ngnh sn xut em li li
nhun cao, kh nng thu hi vn nhanh, v l ngun thu quan trng cho ngn sch quc
gia.
Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, mc tiu ra v li ch ca vic pht trin cng
ngh sn xut bia nn vic xy dng thm cc nh my bia vi c cu t chc cht ch
cng cc thit b cng ngh hin i cung cp cho ngi tiu dng cc loi bia c cht
lng cao, gi thnh ph hp l v cng cn thit.
Trong bn n ny em trnh by thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm.
y l mt nh my vi nng sut trung bnh, nu c trang b v t chc hp l s c
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kh nng thch ng linh hot vi qui m sn xut trung bnh, cng nh c kh nng m
rng qui m sn xut.
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Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut

I. Hin trng sn xut v tiu th bia trn th gii v ti Vit Nam
Trong cc loi ung gii kht hin nay bia rt c a chung, c ph bin
rng ri trn th gii v sn lng tiu th ln v ngy cng tng. cc nc pht trin
nh c, an Mch, Ba Lan, M... ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia rt pht trin, sn
lng bia ca c, M t 10 t lt/nm. Cng ngh sn xut bia cng nh sn phm
bia ca cc nc ny thm nhp vo thm nhp vo th trng ca rt nhiu nc trn
th gii trong c c Vit Nam. Mc tiu th bia bnh qun cc nc ny kh cao
khong 100 lt/ngi/nm.
Cc nc ng tuy hin ti c mc tiu th bia cha cao bnh qun khong 20
lt/ngi/nm ngoi tr mt s nc nh Nht Bn t 50 lt/ngi/nm. Nhng y l
mt th trng ng dn c, sn lng bia Trung Quc v Nht Bn cng gn bng
sn lng bia ca c, M.
Vit Nam bia mi ch xut hin t u th k 20, nhng l mt nc nm trong
vng nhit i cn xch o to iu kin thun li ngnh cng nghip bia tn ti
v ngy cng pht trin. T ban u ch c cc nh my bia nh l nh my bia H Ni
v nh my bia Si Gn, hin nay cc nh my bia xut hin hu khp cc tnh
trong c nc, sn lng ca cc nh my cng ngy cng tng. Hin nay nng sut ca
nh my bia H Ni t trn 100 triu lt/nm v ang tip tc tng nng sut ti 200
triu lt/nm vo nm 2010, nng sut ca nh my bia Si Gn t trn 350 triu
lt/nm v d kin s l 780 triu lt/nm vo nm 2010. Bn cnh rt nhiu thng
hiu bia ngoi xut hin nc ta nh Tiger, Heineken... Mc tiu th bia bnh qun
Vit Nam hin cn thp khong 15 lt/ngi/nm v s ha hn nhiu tim nng
ngnh sn xut bia pht trin.
II. Chn loi sn phm, a im xy dng, vng nguyn liu v th

trng
1. La chn loi bia sn xut
sn phm sn xut ra c th tiu th c c bit l sn phm bia chai c th
chim lnh c th trng rng th sn phm bia phi c cht lng cao p ng c
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yu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi tiu dng. Do em la chn sn xut loi bia c cht
lng cao, thuc loi bia vng l loi bia ang rt c a chung hin nay.
Sn phm bia sn xut ra phi m bo t c cc tiu chun sau:
* Cc ch tiu cm quan:
- bt: Khi rt bia ra cc, bia phi c bt trng mn, t y cc lun c cc bt
kh li ti ni dn ln b mt. Chiu cao lp bt > 2cm, thi gian gi bt 5 15 pht.
- Mi v v: Bia phi c ng c trng v hng thm du nh ca hoa
houblon, khng qu nht, khng c mi v l.
- Mu sc v trong: Bia phi c mu vng rm sng ng nh, trong sut,
khng c c cn hay vn c.
* Cc ch tiu ho hc:
- cn: 4,6 0,2
- Hm lng ng st: 1 2%
- Hm lng CO2: 4,5 5 g/l
- Hm lng diacetyl: 0,2 mg/l
- Cht khong: 0,14 0,38%
- m tng: 3,5 5 g/l
- Este: 15 50 mg/l
- Aldehyt: 10 15 mg/l
2. La chn a im xy dng nh my
a im c la chn cn p ng c yu cu sau:
- Ph hp vi qui hoch chung ca tnh, thnh ph.
- Gn ngun cung cp nguyn liu v th trng tiu th sn phm.
- Thun tin v mt giao thng.
- m bo cc ngun in, nc, nhin liu.
- Ngun nhn lc khng qu khan him.
Da vo nhng yu cu trn em chn a im xy dng nh my nm trong khu
cng nghip Quang Minh, thuc huyn M Linh, tnh Vnh Phc. y l mt khu cng
nghip mi c din tch rng v ang tip tc c pht trin, c nhiu tim nng
pht trin kinh t x hi. Cc khu dn c v th xung quanh ang c xy dng v
m rng. Bn cnh h thng giao thng gn khu cng nghip v ang c xy
dng, ci to v hon thin nh ng cao tc Bc Thng Long - Ni Bi, ng quc
10
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l 2, quc l 3, quc l 18, tuyn ng st H Ni Lo Cai l nhng tuyn giao thng

quan trng nh thun li trong vn chuyn nguyn liu v phn phi sn phm. Mng
li in quc gia y cung cp cho c khu cng nghip rt n nh v thun li.
3. Vng nguyn liu
Nguyn liu chnh u tin sn xut bia l malt i c th nhp ngoi t c,
c... Hoa houblon nhp t Tip Khc di dng cao hoa v hoa vin. Nguyn liu thay
th l go c th mua ngay trong tnh hay mua t cc tnh ln cn H Ty, Hng Yn,
Hi Dng, Nam nh, Thi Bnh vi gi thnh hp l, cht lng m bo vn chuyn
v nh my ch yu bng t.
Trong nh my cn thit k mt h thng ly nc t ging khoan x l lc v
lm mm nc dng cho nu bia v cc hot ng khc ca nh my.
4. Vng tiu th sn phm
Bia nh my sn xut ra cung cp cho cc ca hng trong tnh v cc tnh ln cn
nh H Ni, Bc Ninh, Bc Giang, H Ty, Nam nh, Ph Th, Thi Nguyn... Sn
phm sau chit chai, chit bock c chuyn ch bng t, nu s lng t c th s
dng cc phng tin khc.
5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh
Ngun in: S dng in li ca mng li in quc gia chy qua khu vc.
Mng li in ny cung cp 24/24 gi trong ngy, nhng phng s c mng li,
nh my b tr mt trm bin th v s dng thm my pht in d phng.
Ngun nc: nc c ly t h thng ging khoan. Trong nh my nc c
dng vo cc mc ch khc nhau: x l nguyn liu, nc nu nguyn liu, nc ra
chai, nc v sinh thit b, v sinh nh my... Nc nu bia cn p ng y cc ch
tiu cho cng ngh sn xut bia. Do nc phi i qua mt h thng x l ng k
thut trc khi cp cho sn xut.
Bn cnh cn phi xy dng khu x l nc thi x l nc thi ca nh
my trnh gy nhim n mi trng xung quanh.
Nh my cng cn t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh nn ph
hp vi cng sut ca nh my cp lnh cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my. H
thng lnh c th s dng tc nhn lnh l NH3 hay Freon, cht ti lnh s dng nc
glycol hay nc mui.
11
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6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu

Nhin liu s dng trong nh my l cho ni hi phc v cho cc mc ch khc
nhau nh nu nguyn liu, thanh trng... Nh my s dng nhin liu l than.
7. Ngun nhn lc
a im xy dng nh my cch khng xa cc khu dn c, gn cc tuyn giao
thng i ti cc vng th trung tm nh thnh ph H Ni nn c ngun nhn lc di
do. Cc cn b, k s c trnh t chc chuyn mn phi c o to trnh
qun l, iu hnh. Cc cng nhn c th tuyn chn lao ng ph thng, hc ngh cc
vng dn c xung quanh m bo c yu cu v ni , sinh hot.
8. Giao thng vn ti
Nh my nm gn trc giao thng nn thun tin cho vn chuyn nguyn nhin
vt liu n nh my, v vn chuyn sn phm phn phi cho cc i l, ca hng tiu
th bng ng b.
PHN II : THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG

NGH
12
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II.1 S quy trnh cng ngh
13
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Go(20%)
Nghin
Dch ha
Malt
Nghin
ng ha
Lc dch ng
Nc
Hoa houblon
Men ging
Nhn ging
Lng xoy
B hoa
Lm lnh nhanh
Ln men chnh
Rt men,
ra men
Ln men ph
Ra chai
Nu dch ng vi hoa
houblon
Men sa
Chai
Nc
Lc trong bia
Thu CO2
X l
CO2 tinh khit
Bo ha CO2
Bock
Chai sch
Chit chai
Ra bock
Dp np
Chit bock
Lm kh,dn nhn
Bia chai thnh phm
Bock sch
Thanh trng
Bia hi thnh phm
14
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II.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

II.2.1 Nghin
II.2.1.1 Nghin malt
* Mc ch:
Mc ch ca nghin malt l p nh ht thnh nhiu mnh tng b mt tip
xc vi nc, lm cho s xm nhp ca nc vo cc thnh phn cht ca ni nh nhanh
hn, thc y qu trnh ng ha v cc qu trnh thy phn khc nhanh v trit
hn.
*Nguyn tc nghin:
Bo m yu cu thu nhn c nhiu cht ha tan nht nhng th tch bt
nghin v b malt cng t gi tr cao nht trong iu kin c th t c. V malt phi
cng ln cng tt bi l trong v malt c cha nhiu lanin nn nu nghin qu nh , lanin
s d ha tan gy nh hng ti cht lng bia. Ngoi ra, v nh kh lc s d gy tc
ng ng.
Thng thng c 3 phng php nghin malt: Nghin kh, nghin m, v nghin
t.
+ Nghin kh: Malt t yu cu sau khi cn c a my nghin v nghin trong
trng thi kh.
- u im: C th nghin mn c khi hn.
Ko di thi gian s dng (Nghin trc khi nu lu c).
Thit b n gin, d vn hnh.
- Nhc im: Khng bo ton v tru c, khi nghin c nhiu bi bay ra
ngoi nhiu. nh hng n qu trnh lc v cht lng ca bia.
+ Nghin t: Malt c nghin vi nc theo t l phi trn nht nh
- u im: Nghin t lm cho rng ca khi b tng nn lm rt ngn c
thi gian lc b khong 10-20% .
- Nhc im: i hi k thut tt, nguyn tc nghin phc tp, kh xc nh cc
pha trong thnh phn c hc c t l phi trn nht nh.
15
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Chi ph u t thit b ln,nghin khng tt nhng loi malt cha

nhuyn.
+ Nghin m: Malt t yu cu c phun m bng nc m trc khi i vo
my nghin. Phun m bng nc m trong 5- 10 pht v tru c lm m khong
20%. Mc ch ca vic phun m: lm cho v m bo ton trng thi sau nghin, lm
trng n cc ht si keo ca ni nh.Phng php nghin m khc phc c nhc
im ca hai phng php trn: v tru c bo ton, nghin c malt c nhuyn
thp,t bi,chi ph my mc khng ln. C th p dng cho mi phn xng t nh ti
ln, t th cng ti t ng.
So snh 3 phng php trn, ta chn ch nghin malt theo phng php
nghin m.
Ta chn my nghin bn trc mt sng. Thit b thng c s dng trong
trng hp malt c nhuyn tt hoc sn xut cc loi bia ph thng.Thit b khng
cng knh,d lp t, v sinh v chi ph u t khng ln.
* Cch tin hnh :
Cng nhn vn chuyn tng ti malt vo phu cha. Sau malt c gu ti
chuyn ln xil, v ti y, c cn in t cn v bo v bng h thng iu khin.
Tip theo, malt c gu ti vn chuyn ln phu cha malt v malt c phun
m bng nc nhit 60oC trong 60s
Sau , malt c chuyn vo my nghin malt loi my nghin hai b trc mt
sng v ti y malt c nghin ti kch thc yu cu ri chuyn ln thng nu malt
*Yu cu malt sau khi nghin:
V tru
: 15 - 18%
Tm th
: 18 - 22%
Tm mn
: 30 - 35%
Bt
: 25 - 35%
( Bt + Tm mn 2 3 ln tm th )
II.2.1.2 Nghin go
*Mc ch :
Lm tng b mt tip xc vi enzym, gip qu trnh trng n v ho tan tt
hn. Tng vic ph v cu trc mng t bo ca go.
16
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* Nguyn tc nghin:
Go l nguyn liu c cu trc rt cng v kh b phn hu to cht chit cho
dch ng, do vy phi nghin go tht nh ph v cu trc ca tinh bt to iu
kin cho s ht nc, trng n ht tinh bt to iu kin cho enzyme tip xc vi ht
tinh bt, thu phn tinh bt thnh cht chit ca dch ng.
Do y chn phng php nghin kh bng my nghin ba
* Cch tin hnh :
Tng ti go c vn chuyn ti phu cha. Ti y, nguyn liu c gu ti
chuyn ti xil cha go cha nghin, trong c cn nh lng xc nh lng
nguyn liu trong mt m.
Go c chy xung my nghin. V go c nghin theo ng kch thc
nht nh.
Go sau khi nghin cha trong xil v sau c gu ti vn chuyn xung
phu cha go v nghin nh vt ti vn chuyn go sang ni h ho.
H thng c thm phn tch bi bng xyclon.
* Yu cu go sau khi nghin :
Go cha 70 75% hm lng tinh bt so vi lng cht kh nn cn nghin
mn, nghin cng mn th qu trnh dch ho v ng ho cng t hiu qu cao. Go
sau khi nghin cn t tiu chun k thut :
Tm ln
Tm nh : 35%
Bt mn
: 10%
: 55%
II.2.2 H ha
*Mc ch:
Lm trng n, ha tan tinh bt ca go. Nhm ph v cu trc mng t bo tinh
bt to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh phn ct ca enzyme.
Trong giai on ny ch yu s dng nhit lm trng n v ha tan tinh
bt ca go. Khi tinh bt bt u trng n v ha tan th nht tng nhanh v t cc
i, nhit ti thi im ny gi l nhit h
ha.
17
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*Cch tin hnh

T l bt go / nc l 1/5.
Trc khi nhp liu bt go, cho nc vo trc nhm chng chy malt (lc ny
cnh khuy trong ni bt u hot ng). Sau cho mt lng malt lt vo (bng 10%
trng lng go) v c chia lm hai ln.
Ln th nht cho khong 50% tng s malt lt gip cho s h ha tinh bt d dng
hn. V trong malt c h enzyme amylaza, c bit l giai on u c enzyme amylase, enzyme ny ct phn t tinh bt thnh nhng phn mch ngn hn, lm cho ni
go khng b vn cc, trnh kh, kht. Thi gian xung malt lt khong 1 pht. Sau khi
xung malt lt xong tin hnh nhp liu go. Go v nc c xung cng mt lc vi
p lc mnh nhm ha tan bt go trong nc, trnh hin tng go b vn cc. N hit
ca ni go sau khi xong cng on pha bt go, nhit khong 43 oC. Do trong cng
thc nu t l bt go l 20% nn pH dch bt tng ln, do b sung H2SO4 (2%)
iu chnh pH dch bt v khong 5,25,6, l pH ti u cho enzime amylase hot ng,
rt ngn thi gian lc, nng cao hiu sut ng ho, ng thi lm cho qu trnh kt ta
protein sau ny trit hn.
Nng dn nhit ln khong 72 oC trong thi gian khong 11 pht. Trong
khong thi gian ny ht tinh bt s bt u ht nc v trng n ln, lm tng nht
ca dch bt. Gi nhit 72oC trong thi gian khong 10 pht tc dng ln cc phn
t amylose v amylopectin. Kt qu l sau mt thi gian ngn, cc phn t polymer ca
tinh bt s b ct thnh nhng phn t c s gc glucose t hn, tp hp thnh nhng dng
dextrin khc nhau. Lc ny tinh bt c dch ho mt phn.
Tip tc nng nhit ln 83oC trong 13 pht v gi nhit ny trong 30 pht
tip tc h ho tinh bt. Kt thc giai on ny, phn ln tinh bt c h ho. Tuy
nhin nhit ny phn ln enzim -amylaza b v hot.
Thm nc h nhit xung 72 oC trong khong 4 pht. Khi thi gian h
nhit xung c 2 pht (khong 72oC) th ng thi xung malt lt ln th 2 (nt ch
malt lt cn li) cung cp thm enzyme -amylaza gip cho qu trnh h ho trit
hn, v nhit ti u ca enzyme ny l (7275 oC), lm gim nht ca ni cho,
gip cho qu trinh un si d dng hn.
Tip theo nng nhit ln 100oC trong thi gian 30 pht (khi nhit ni go ln
18
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88oC th ni malt bt u hot ng) v gi nhit ny trong khong 30 pht h

ho hon ton tinh bt to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh ng ho v qu trnh lc
sau ny.
Sau ta chuyn ni cho sang ni ng ha lm hai ln bng thit b bm.
Trong khi dch cho bm sang ni malt th cnh khuy ca ni cho v ni malt hot
ng lin tc.
*Nhng bin i ca nguyn liu sau khi h ha:
Sau qu trnh h ha, go c h ha gn nh hon ton.Tinh bt trng n v
di tc dng ca Enzym Tecmamyl tinh bt b phn tch thnh cc dextrin thp phn
t.
*Yu cu:
Dch cho phi ng u, khng b chy kht hay vn cc. C nhuyn tt.
II.2.3 ng ha
* Mc ch.
ng ha l qu trnh chuyn ti a nhng cht khng ha tan d tr trong
malt, thng qua h enzym c sn trong ht malt bng con ng thy phn.
Thc hin qu trnh ng ho nhm to cc iu kin thun li cho h enzym c
sn trong malt nh amylaza, proteaza, amilophosphataza... xc tc qu trnh thu phn
cc hp cht cao phn t nh protein, tinh bt, cc hp cht cha phospho... thnh cc
hp cht thp phn t: tinh bt dextrin, ng; protein peptit, axit amin... y l
cht chit ca dch ng sau ny.
* Cc phng php ng ha.
C hai nhm phng php tin hnh ng ha: ng ha phn on v
ng ha ton khi, u l phng php c in.
ng ha theo phng php ton khi.
-
c im: ton b khi cho malt c ng ha cng mt lc, t

im u n im cui nhit 750C, khng c giai on un si.
C hai phng n ng ha ton khi: phng n tng dn nhit v

phng n gim dn nhit .
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Tnh u vit ca hai phng n th hin ch:

Ch cng ngh n gin, d c gii ha v t ng ha.
Chi ph vn u t thit b t.
Thi gian thc hin qu trnh ngn.
Vi phng n tng dn nhit c p dng trong trng hp malt phi c
nhuyn trn mc trung bnh.
Vi phng n gim dn nhit ch p dng trong trng hp malt phi c hot lc
amylaza rt cao v c nhuyn proteaza rt tt.
ng ha theo phng php phn on.
-
c im: tng phn nh ring r ca khi cho c ng ha v un

chn mt cch c th t, sau mi ha chung vi khi cho chnh.
Phng php s dng rng ri vi vic sn xut bia theo phng php
ln men chm.
Cn c vo cc cng on c phn ra m c cc phng n ng ha tng ng:

nht phn on, nh phn on, tam phn on. Trong qu trnh thc hin cn phn ra:
an nht, on nh, on tam.
-
u im:
Hiu sut ng ha cao.
Nhc im: Vn u t thit b ln.
Thi gian ng ha mt m ko di v nng lng tiu hao ln.

Vi phng php tam phn on tng thi gian ng ha l 5,5 6h, phng php
nh phn on c thi gian l 4 4,5h, phng php nht phn on l 3,5h.
Qua phn tch 2 phng php trn, em chn ng ha theo phng php ton khi
tng dn nhit ..
* Cch tin hnh
Sau khi v sinh sch s , kim tra ng ng, van. Cp nc vo ni ng ha,
nc cp c nhit khong 38-400C .y l nhit h ha ca bt malt tt
nht.Lng nc a vo theo t l malt : nc = 1: 5.B sung axit H3PO4 iu chnh
PH ti PH hot ng ca cc enzym ng ha, ng thi b sung thm CaCl2.
20
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- Bt cnh khuy hot ng, tc cnh khuy l 50v/ph.

- Xung bt malt v ngm 20-30 pht gip cho bt malt ha tan tt vo nc.
- M van hi cp nhit cho ni ng ha n khi nhit t 52C, gi nhit
ny trong thi gian 20 pht. y l nhit thch hp cho E. Proteaza hot ng,n
s phn ct phn t protein thnh cc hp cht n gin nh albumoza, pepton,
polypeptid, peptid, axit amin cung cp ngun thc n cho nm men, to v m , tham
gia vo qu trnh to v gi bt bia.
- Bm dch cho 900C t ni cho sang,khi cho bm sang c ha trn vi ni
malt khong 520C v nhit s ln khong 65C . Nu trong trng hp nhit thp
hn th cn m van hi cp nhit m bo nhit theo yu cu. Gi nhit 65C
trong 45 - 60 pht.L nhit hot ng ca enzym - amylaza.
- Tip tc cp hi nng nhit ca khi dch ln 75C, thi gian gi nhit l
20 pht, y l nhit thich hp cho - amylaza hot ng, ng thi y cng l
nhit thch hp cho qu trnh lc.
- Nng nhit ln 76C, gi trong 5 pht. Kim tra s ng ho ca malt bng
Iod 2%.
Cch kim tra bng iot nh sau:
Ly go mc dch 750C sau cho 1 lng nh trn tm knh, lc nh cho dch
ngui, tip n nh vi git iot vo mu dch, sau 30 giy n 1 pht quan st thy:
+ Dch mu xanh tm (khng bin ng)
+ Dch mu xanh en (bin ng km)
+ Dch khng lm mt mu iot (bin ng tt).
Nu iod khng i mu tc l tinh bt chuyn ha ht thnh ng, qu trnh
ng ho hon thnh.Kt thc qu trnh gi nhit dch ng c bm sang
thng lc y bng.
*Nhng bin i ca nguyn liu sau trong qu trnh ng ha:
Di tc dng ca h enzym c sn trong dch ng nh proteaza, sitaza,
amylaza phn ct hp cht cao phn t thnh thp phn t v ha tan trong nc to
thnh cht chit ca dch ng. Matl, go ha tan to thnh dch ng.
21
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- Nhm enzym sitaza thy phn hemixelluloza v cc cht dng keo thnh cc
ng n pentoza, hexoza v cc sn phm khc.
- H enzym proteaza thy phn protein thnh cc cc peptid nh hn v axit amin.
- H enzym amylaza gm - amylaza v - amylaza phn ct tinh bt thnh
ng n gin v cc dextrin.
*Yu cu ca dch ng sau khi ng ha
Hm lng ng maltoza v cc phn t dextrin bc thp l ch yu. Dch
ng khng c qu, ng u v c nhuyn tt.
II.2.4 Lc dch ng.
* Mc ch.
Cho malt sau khi ng ha xong gm hai phn: phn c v phn long. Phn
c bao gm tt c cc phn t nh khng ha tan ca malt, phn long l dung dch
nc cha tt c cc cht ha tan trong m nu gi l dch ng.
Mc ch ca qu trnh lc l nhm phn tch phn long ring ra khi phn c.
c trng ca cho malt l trong c rt nhiu phn t rn trong qu trnh lc, nhng
phn t ny s to thnh mt lp nguyn liu lc ph. iu ny rt c ngha trong khi
lc.
Mc ch ca qu trnh lc b malt l tch pha lng khi hn hp tip tc cc
bc tip theo ca tin trnh cng ngh, cn pha rn l loi b cc ph liu ra ngoi.
Qu trnh lc b malt c tin hnh theo hai bc: Bc u tin l p tch
dch ct v bc th hai l ra b chit cht ho tan giai on ra b da trn c s
ca s khuch tn.
* Cc phng php tin hnh lc dch ng.
Gii php lc dch ng hin nay c nhiu phng n:
+ S dng thng lc y bng
+ S dng my lc p khung bn
+ S dng nguyn l phn ly ( v d : h Flomaho)
+ Ly tm kiu vt ( v d: h A.P.V)
22
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+ p bng vt ti
Trong cc gii php ny, hai thit b c s dng rng ri nht, mc d c in
nht, nhng cho cht lng dch ng cao nht l thng lc y bng v lc p kiu
khung bn.
Trong nh my, ta chn thit b lc l thng lc y bng.
* Cch tin hnh.
Trc lc tin hnh lc, thit b lc c ra bng nc, cc mnh ca y, np,
sng c ghp tht kht vi nhau. L h trn tho b malt v cc van x dch vo
mng c ng cht. Sau ta cho nc nng 76oC chy vo cc ng dn dch ng
sao cho ngp nc so vi li lc khong 1 1,5cm ui khng kh ra ngoi, ng
thi cha y khong khng gia hai lp y ca thng lc. Ngoi ra cn hm
nng thit b khi chuyn dch ng t ni ng ha sang khng b gim nhit .
Tip theo bm ton b lng dch t ni ng ha sang thng lc, khi bm th
bt rng co theo chiu ngc kim ng h trong khong 10 pht. u tin cc ht tm
th v lp v malt lng xung y gi trc to thnh mng lc dy, pha trn lp ny l
lp rt mng nhng phn t tinh bt rt b, mn, nh. Sau khi lng 15 pht th dch
lc i qua lp lp lc xung y, ri dch lc qua h thng ng gp y i vo bnh
trung gian. Tuy nhin lc ny dch ng thu c vn c nn ta cho chy tun hon
tr li cho n khi t trong ri th tin hnh bt bm chuyn dch sang ni nu
hoa houblon ng thi cho mt lng dch lc hi lu tr li thng lc tng kh nng
lc ht dch c trong b v thu c dch c trong m bo k thut.
Thi gian lc dch u thng tin hnh trong 60 pht. Sau khi lc dch u ta
tin hnh ra b, nc dng ra b cng l nc nhit 76oC v ti nhit ny
thch hp cho ng ha tinh bt cn li trong phn h malt cui cng. Nu nhit
xung thp hn s cn tr n tc ra b, cn nu nhit cao hn s xy ra hin
tng h ha tinh bt v trch ly mt s cht ng v cht cht c trong v tru lm cho
bia b c v c v l.
u tin tin hnh ti nc nng 76oC cho n khi mc nc cao hn mc b
khong 2cm, ri tin hnh bt rng co ln th nht. Tip tc ra b ln th hai, ln th
ba tng t nh ln u. Tng thi gian ra b khong 1 gi. Qu trnh ra b tin hnh
nhiu ln cho n khi t lng dch cn thit cng nh nng cht ha tan trong nc
23
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ra b cn khong 0,3 0,5% th dng li v x b ra ngoi. B cui cng ny c

dng lm thc n chn nui.
II.2.5 Nu hoa
*Mc ch
Nu dch ng vi hoa houblon nhm trch ly cht ng, tinh du thm,
polyphenol vo dch ng, to v ng du v hng thm c trng cho bia sau ny.
Tng bn keo cho sn phm: bn sinh hc, ha sinh v keo: Polyphenol +
protein to thnh cht kt ta v ko cn nh kt ta theo m bo bn keo v n nh
thnh phn bia ng thi lm cho bia trong hn.
Cht ng trong hoa l nhng cht to sc cng b mt v c hot tnh sinh hc
cao, tham gia vo qu trnh to bt v gi bt cho bia.
Tng mu v c c dch ng: lm cho mu sc nc thay i t nht sang
m do hin tng caramen ha,s hnh thnh cc melanol v cc cht mu ca hoa
houblon chuyn t hoa vo dch ng.
Cht ng nng d nh cng c tnh khng khun m bo bn sinh hc
cho bia.
*Cch tin hnh
Trc khi nu, v sinh sch s thit b, kim tra cc ng ng, van x hi, x
y.
Dch ng c bm t thng lc y bng sang ni nu hoa, trong qu trnh
bm phi gia nhit, m bo nhit dch ng ln hn 700C enzym amylaza thy
phn tinh bt cn st li. Trong qu trnh ra b my p lc khung bn cp nhit cho
ni hoa sao cho kt thc qu trnh ra b my p th ni hoa si.
B xung CaCl2 v ton b lng cao hoa vo vi mc ch tng kh nng kt lng
ca cc phn t keo. un si khong 30 pht to cc phc cht protein- tanin kt ta
v to v ng cho bia.
Tip tc cho 1/2 hoa vin vo trc khi kt thc 10 pht th cho nt 1/2 cn li
ng thi kha van hi ca h thng gia nhit trung tm gim cng si gi
24
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hng cho bia. Vic b sung hoa 2 ln nhm mc ch to hng tt hn cho bia, bi v
trong qu trnh un hoa th lng tinh du thm s tn hao l 80 90% v vy vic b
sung lm 2 ln nh vy s lm gim bt tn tht.
Lu : trong giai on nu hoa, nu nng cht kh ca dch ng cha t
yu cu th c th b xung ng maltoza vo giai on cho hoa ln 2. Qu trnh gia
nhit phi nhanh nhm t hiu sut kt ta protein khng ng t cao nht v nhm c
c gim th tch dch ng.
II.2.6. Lng xoy

*Mc ch:
Tch cc phn t rn, cn, b hoa v cc kt ta protein cao phn t ra khi dch
ng sau khi houblon ho.
Nguyn tc tch cn l da vo lc hng tm ca chuyn ng trn theo phng
tip tuyn.
*Cch tin hnh
Trc khi lng, thit b phi c v sinh sch s v ra bng nc si v y l
cng on rt d nhim vi sinh vt. Kim tra ng ng,cc van x.
Bm dch ng hoa houblon sang thng lng xoy theo phng tip tuyn vi
v thng di p lc mnh.Cht lng xoay cng bc, lc hng tm hng cn tp
trung tm ni v lng xung y ni.Thi gian bm khong 30 pht.
Thi gian lng l 30 pht.
Nhit dch ra ngoi ni lng khong 900C v c bm ti thit b lm lnh
nhanh.
Kt thc qu trnh lng, tho b v v sinh thit b.
II.2.7. Lnh nhanh v b sung kh O2 cho dch ln men

*Mc ch
25
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Lm lnh dch ng ti nhit ln men. Yu cu gim nhanh nhit dch

ng xung nhit cn thit (10 14C), hn ch s nhim tp VSV, ng thi bo
ha thm mt lng oxi (oxi c bo ha vo dch khi c bm trn ng ng)
cung cp cho nm men sinh trng, pht trin trong giai on u.
*Cch tin hnh.
Trc khi lm lnh nhanh thit b c v sinh sch s, sau cho chy nc nng
c nhit gn bng vi nhit ca dch ng trong thng lng xoy qua my lnh
nhanh ti ton b ng ng dn vo tank ln men. Khi kim tra nhit ca nc thy
t n nhit dch ng cn ln men mi bm dch ng vo lnh nhanh sau khi
x ht nc i, trnh trng hp khi qua may lnh nhanh m nhit dch ng
vn cao qu s lm cht men. Tc nhn lm lnh l nc v glycol. Khi lm lnh s trao
i nhit gin tip qua cc tm bn. Nhit dch ng vo my lnh nhanh khong
90oC, nhit ca nc ra khi my lnh nhanh khong 45oC, nc ny c gia nhit
ri cho vo thng nc nng lm nc nu v ra b.
Sau khi lm lnh xong dch c b sung khong 6 mg/l khng kh v trng (kh
nn qua b kh trng bng tia UV) v a sang tank ln men. Lng khng kh cung
cp m bo cho nm men to sinh khi ban u, nu lng khng kh qu nhiu
s dn ti trng hp nm men s s dng nhiu ng to lng sinh khi khng
cn thit, v vy s lm gim hiu sut ln men. Nu thiu khng kh cng khng tt, v
nm men s khng to lng t bo cn thit cho qu trnh ln men, nm men s
chng gi, xy ra hin tng .
II.2.8. Ln men
II.2.8.1 Mc ch :
Chuyn ho cc cht ho tan trong dch ln men thnh ru etylic, CO2 v mt s
sn phm ph khc nh s pht trin ca nm men. Sn phm ca qu trnh ln men
chnh l bia non. Bia non c v c hng v c trng tuy nhin lng diacetyl cn cao.
C12H22O11 + H2O 2 C6H12O6
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 28 kcal
26
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c im ca qu trnh ln men chnh l s tiu hao cc cht din ra mnh m.

Mt lng ln ng chuyn thnh ru, CO2 v mt s sn phm ph khc nh ru
bc cao, glyceril, acid hu c, ester, aldehyd, diacetyl, gp phn lm ln hng v cho
bia.
Trong giai on ny, qu trnh quan trng nht l qu trnh chuyn ho ng
thnh ru. Tuy nhin y li khng phi l sn phm quyt nh cht lng ca bia m
li l nhng sn phm c hm lng t nhng mang nhng tnh cht rt c trng nh
cc cht to mu, mi, v, bn... cho bia. Cht lng ca bia ph thuc rt nhiu vo
hm lng ca cc cht ny v t l gia chng. V vy mc ch bn cht ca qu trnh
ln men l iu khin hot ng sng ca nm men theo hng c li cho vic hnh
thnh mt sn phm bia nh mong mun.
II.2.8.2 Chn phng php ln men :
C hai phng php ln men thng c s dng ti cc c s sn xut bia :
Ln men theo phng php c in v ln men theo phng php hin i.
- Ln men theo phng php c in :
c im chnh l hai qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph c tin hnh
trong cc thit b ring bit ( hai phng lnh khc nhau, c h thng bo n lnh khc
nhau)
u im : Nhit ln men thp 6 9C nn thi gian ln men ko di, sn
phm thu c c hng v m .
Nhc im : Tn din tch mt bng, tn thit b, thi gian ln men di, nng
sut gim, h thng lm lnh ln, do vy tn chi ph u t. Vic vn chuyn dch t
khu ln men chnh sang khu ln men ph gy tn tht.
- Ln men gia tc (ln men hin i) :
Vi phng php ny qu trnh ln men chnh v qu trnh ln men ph tin
hnh trong cng mt thit b hnh tr, y cn. C h thng o lnh bn ngoi iu
chnh nhit ca hai qu trnh ln men. Nhit ln men chnh 14 16C, ln men
ph 0 2C.
u im : Thi gian ln men chnh nhanh, rt ngn hn so vi phng php ln
men c in. Thit b ln men gn, khng tn din tch mt bng phn xng. C th
ch ng iu chnh thi gian ln men.
27
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Nhc im : Thi gian ln men nhanh lm cht lng bia c gim, tuy nhin
khng khc nhiu so vi ln men c in.
y, ta chn phng php ln men gia tc sn xut bia
II.2.8.3 Chun b men ging
Bia l sn phm ca qu trnh ln men nn vic chun b men ging l ht sc
cn thit, mc ch to lng ging ln men l hot ha ging. Nm men s
dng ln men bia l Saccharomyces carbergensis l loi nm men ln men chm.
c im : Loi nm men ny thuc loi nm men n bo, ln men iu kin
ym kh. Chng c hnh dng khc nhau, c th hnh cu, hnh trn, hnh ovan. Kch
thc khong 3 5mm, sinh sn bng ny chi, chng nm men ny c kh nng ln
men c ng glucoza, maltoza, fructoza v dextrin phn t lng thp. Chng cn
c th to chm t bo tt to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh tch men bia, lm trong
bia.
* Cch tin hnh :
- Chun b t chng thun khit :
Qu trnh nhn ging trong phng th nghim tri qua hai giai on l nhn
ging trong phng th nghim v nhn ging ngoi sn xut.
Nhn ging trong phng th nghim : u tin dung que cy v trng cy
truyn t ng thch nghing sang mi trng dch th v trng ng trong ng thu
tinh 10ml, tip tc cy chuyn sang ng 100ml, 1 lt, 10 lt, 20 ltMi trng nhn
ging thng l dch chit t malt, vi mi trng 10 lt c th ly dch t thng ng
ho trong qu trnh sn xut.
Qu trnh nhn ging c th din ra theo nguyn tc 1/10 hoc 1/5 tu
theo cht lng men. Mi trng nhn ging c ly trc tip t thng ng ho,
trong qu trnh nhn men c sc khng kh v trng.
- Ti s sng men sa :
Men sa c kh nng ti s sng v c kh nng ti s dng v c kh nng b
men tt hn. Men sa phi sch, mu vng ng, t l t bo sng cao, khng nhim tp.
K thut thu hi men sa :
Sau khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta tin hnh h nhit h xung 4C,
gi trong 24 gi thu hi men sa. Khi kt lng bao gm :
Lp cui cng l lp cn lng
Lp gia l lp nm men tr tt, mu trng sa
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Lp trn cng l lp mu xm en dung chn nui
Cch x l men sa :
Lp men sch thu c t y thng ln c lc qua v ra bng nc v
trng 4oC, bm nc lnh vo cc thng ra men ri lng khong 90 pht. Sau
gn phn nc pha trn v phn nc pha trn cha ch yu l cc xc t bo nm
men. Tin hnh ra khong 3 4 ln thu sa men sch. Cc t bo nm men cht s
ni ln trn b mt v c gn ra ngoi. S ln ti s dng men sa khong 6 7 ln
II.2.8.4 Ln men chnh
* Mc ch :
Chuyn ha cc cht ha tan trong dch ng thnh ru etylic, CO2 v mt s
sn phm ph khc nh s pht trin ca nm men. Sn phm ca qu trnh ln men
chnh l bia non. Bia non c v c hng v c trng tuy nhin lng diacetyl cn
cao.
C12H22O11 + H2O 2 C6H12O6
Nm men
C6H12O6
2C2H5OH + 2CO2 +28Kcal
c im ca qu trnh ln men chnh l s tiu hao cc cht din ra mnh m.
Mt lng ln ng chuyn thnh ru, CO2 v mt s sn phm ph khc nh ru
bc cao, glycerin, acid hu c, ester, andehyt, diacetyl gp phn lm nn hng v cho
bia. Thi gian ln men chnh t 5 7 ngy.
* Cc bin i trong qu trnh ln men chnh.
Bin i sinh hc.
* Giai on sinh trng hiu kh:
y l giai on u ca qu trnh ln men. giai on ny nm men ny chi v
pht trin rt nhanh, t cc i l cui ngy th 3 ng thi l s gim nhanh nng
cht ha tan trong dch ng, nhit tng dn v s xut hin ca nhiu bng kh to
ph kn b mt dch nha.
* Giai on sinh trng k kh
Trong giai on ny nm men vn tip tc sinh trng nhng trong iu kin khng
c O2 v nng ng thp. Qu trnh ln men bt u chuyn t kiu ln men hiu
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kh ( tng sinh khi nm men) sang ln men k kh ( to C2H5OH, CO2 v mt s

sn phm ph khc).
Bin i vt l.
* Nhit ln men.
- Trong qu trnh ln men chnh yu t nhit ng vai tr rt quan trng,
nh hng trc tip n tc ln men v t nh hng n cht lng ca bia non.
- Nhit trong qu trnh ln men tng dn do qu trnh trao i cht ca nm
men km theo hin tng gii phng nhit. Do , m bo nhit lun n nh
ngi ta thng iu chnh nhit trong qu trnh ln men mt cch t ng.
Vic iu chnh nhit ln men cn ty thuc vo i men
i vi men mi lun gi n nh 15OC
Men thu hi ln 1 s gi n nh 12OC
Men thu hi ln 2 s gi n nh 9OC
i vi men thu hi ln 3 ti ln 8 s gi n nh 8OC
Sau khi kt thc ln men chnh h nhit t t xung 2OC nhm to iu kin cho
qu trnh lng men v to iu kin thch hp cho qu trnh ln men ph.
* p sut ln men
p sut ln men tng dn do s to thnh kh CO2 v t qu trnh chuyn ha ng
glucose. Do tank ln men c np thit b iu p t ng.
Bin i ha sinh.
* Trong qu trnh ln men din ra s trao i glulcid t bo nm men ch yu bao
gm:
- S thy phn ca cc loi ng disacharide, trisaccharide,thnh glucose
di xc tc ca mt s enzym tng ng nh: maliase, invertase, melibiase,
- Chuyn ha glycose thnh etanol v CO2. Ngoi ra cn chuyn ha cc loi
ng khc thnh cc loi ru nh propylic, izopropylic, amilic
- S tng hp vt cht t bo t glucose thnh glucogen cng c th xy ra
trong qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin ca nm men.
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* S trao i lipid:
Trong qu trnh sinh trng v pht trin hiu kh thng km theo qu trnh tng
hp cc acid bo v sterol nm men. Cc cht ny l thnh phn quan trng ca t bo.
* S trao i cc hp cht nit:
Cc hp cht nit c trong dch nha go gm: cc phn on protein (cc
polypeptide, peptid, pepton, acid amin), cc mui amoni, cc purite, nucleotide Trong
s cc hp cht ny th cc mui amoni v c v cc acid amin s c nm men s
dng nh ngun cung cp nit phc v cho qu trnh sinh trng v trao i cht.
Bin i ha hc.
* S thay i hm lng cht kh
trong qu trnh ln men, nm men s dng ng trong dch nha tng sinh
khi v ln men ethanol. Do nng cht kh trong dch ln men s gim dn.
Ngi ta da vo s thay i Balling lm thng s iu khin qu trnh ln men.
Balling trc qu trnh ln men l 130 Balling ( Balling nguyn thy). Ty theo tng
loi bia m kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph c Balling khc nhau.
* S thay i pH:
Sau khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh pH gim xung cn khong
4,44,5.
Hin tng gim pH trong qu trnh ln men l do s hnh thnh acid H2CO3 (do CO 2
sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men ha tan vo nc), s vn chuyn ion H+ qua mng t bo
v hnh thnh nn cc acid hu c. Trong qu trnh trao i cht ca nm men nh acetic,
acid, formic, acid lactic, acid citric
* S thay i hm lng khong cht
Trong qu trnh ln men, nm men s dng mt s kim loi cn cho s sinh
trng v pht trin ca nm men nh: Ca2+; Mg2+; Fe2+; Mn2+; Co2+; K+; Ni2+ v Zn2+.
Dch nha c xem l ngun cung cp cc thnh phn khong cn thit cho nm men.
V vy trong qu trnh nu dch nha cn b xung thm Ca 2+ v Zn2+
* S to thnh cc este:
Cc este c to thnh vo cui giai on ln men chnh nh phn ng ester ha
gia alcol (ch yu l ethanol) v cc acid hu c sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men. Cc loi
ester ny to nn hng c trng cho bia thnh phm.
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Bin i ha l.
* S hnh thnh bt:
Bt c to thnh trong qu trnh ln men chnh nh s gii phng cc kh dng
khng lin kt c bit l CO2. Do bn cht ca dch nha l h keo gm cc hp cht c
tnh hot ng b mt nh protein, palyphenol, cht ngCc cht ny to nn mt
lp hp ph trn b mt cc bng kh do kh kh thot khi bng ny v to thnh
bt mn. Nhng bt ny c xu hng thot ln trn b mt to nn s khuy trn trong qu
trnh ln men.
* S ha tan kh CO2:
ha tan ca CO2 trong dch ln men thp hn trong nc ng thi hm lng CO2
sinh ra tng nhanh cng hm lng ethanol. Do , mt phn CO2 tn ti trong dch men
di dng lin kt vi mt s thnh phn khc nh protein, ester. Phn CO2 cn li c
xu hng thot ln trn b mt to ln s t khuy o dch ln men. Ngoi ra s t khuy
o dch ln men cn din ra bi s chnh lch nhit trong qu trnh gi n nh nhit.
* Cch tin hnh :
Bc 1 : thanh trng ng cp men bng nc nng t h thng Cip trung tm
trc khi nhn m dch u tin ca tank ln men khong 40 50 pht. Yu cu nc
thanh trng > 85oC. ng cp men i ti u th thanh trng ti . Thi gian thanh
trng l 30 pht.
Bc 2 : t lng men cn a vo trn cn in t, m y tank ln men v
bt bm cp men vo m u tin ca tank ln men, sau khi nhit dch hm n nh
v t nhit ln men.
Bc 3 : v sinh ng ng v tank cha men ngay sau khi cp men xong lc
u cha cn cp lnh ngay, v nhit ln men chnh yu cu l 14oC, nhng do cn
phi c thi gian ch i gia cc m nu nn 3 m u ta thng ch chy lnh n
khong 12oC, hai m sau c th 13oC khi tank y th nhit trong tank cng t
va n 14oC do nm men pht trin sinh khi lm tng nhit .
Trong qu trnh ln men chnh thng ch cp lnh cho khoang trn cng, mc
ch to ra s chnh lch nhit gia cc khoang, nh to ra s i lu, nm
men s chuyn ng t di ln trn, tng b mt tip xc gia enzym v c cht.
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ng thi trong qu trnh ln men CO2 to ra nhiu ln n s ko theo t bo nm

men ni ln trn b mt, bt kh v ra v nm men li ri xung.
C nh vy nm men c o trn, gip qu trnh ln men din ra nhanh hn
v u hn. Thi gian ln men chnh khong 6 ngy, khi nng cht kh gim xung
ta chuyn sang ln men ph. Sau 4 ngy ln men, ta h nhit khi dch xung 4 oC
gi khong trong vng 1 ngy xc nm men kt lng ri tin hnh thu hi men.
Trong th gian ln men chnh , lng CO2 to ra nhiu, khi kim tra thy CO2 t
tinh khit > 99,6% th tin hnh thu hi.
Trong qu trnh ln men chnh nm men pht trin qua 4 giai on sau :
Giai on 1(thch nghi) :
y l giai on nm men lm quen dn vi dch ln men, chng hp th cc

cht dinh dng c trong dch ng nh axit amin, ng maltoza sinh nng
lng cung cp cho qu trnh sinh tng hp t bo.
Giai on 2 (logarit) :
giai on ny nm men t tc sinh sn ln nht v vi tc khng i.

T bo c tng theo cp s nhn. Giai on ny t bo hot ng mnh nht, s t
bo ny chi v t bo tr rt cao.
Giai on 3 (cn bng) :
Nm men ngng sinh sn, s t bo c trong dch l khng i, s t bo ny

chi gim.
Giai on 4 (suy vong) :
L giai on nm bt u kt bong lng xung y thit b, giai on ny s t

bo cht chim nhiu.
II.2.8.5 Ln men ph
* Mc ch :
Tip tc ca qu trnh ln men chnh nhm chuyn ha ht phn ng c kh
nng ln men cn tn ti trong bia non. ngha ca qu trnh ln men ph rt ln i
vi vic to hng v, bt, hng thm, n quyt nh ti bn vng ca bia cng
nh cc c tnh k thut ca bia thnh phm. 3
Trong qu trnh ln men ph, lng CO2 tip tc c to ra v ha tan vo bia
non, CO2 ch yu dng lin kt v mt phn dng t do. Khi ln men ph hm
lng axit hu c tng nhng khng ng k, cc ester c to thnh thc hin qu
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trnh kh diacetyl n mc cho php ( < 0,2 mg/l ) ru bc cao gim. V vy hng
v ca bia c hon thin dn.
* Nhng bin i trong qu trnh ln men ph:
Nhng bin i trong qa trnh ln men ph cng ging nh bin i trong qu
trnh ln men chnh. Trong , c nhng bin i rt quan trng nh hng n nhng bin
i bia thnh phm. l s chn ca bia non km theo s iu chnh cc tnh cht
cm quan ca bia thnh phm nh: trong, bn, c trng keo, mu sc v hng v
bia.
+ Diacetyl:
Trong giai on ny, nm men s dng Diacetyl lm c cht v chuyn ho cht
ny thnh aceton v 2,3-butadiol trong iu kin k kh. Qu trnh phn hu Diacetyl ph
thuc vo nhit , nhit cng lnh th cng chm. Thng thng, gii hn cho php
ca diacetyl l 0,2mg/l th mi c gi l chn.
+ Acetaldehyde
V qu trnh ln men ph hm lng Acetaldehyde tip tc gim xung do hot ng
trao i cht ca nm men.
+ Cc axt bo d bay hi.
S tng hp cc axit bo mt ngn (t C4C10) s b nh ch trong giai on u
ca qu trnh ln mn ph. Sau , nm men s kt ni cc axit bo mt ngn thnh
triglycide d tr trong t bo. Tuy nhin, nu qu trnh ln men ph ko di th hm lng
acid bo trong dch ln men s tng do qu trnh thu phn glycide. S c mt cc acid
bo ny nh hng n mi v ca bia thnh phm.
+ S bo ho CO2 trong bia
S bo ho CO 2 ph thuc vo nhit , p sut v thi gian ln men ph.
Trong giai on ny, qu trnh ln men ethanol vn tip tc din ra km theo s gii phng
CO2 vo trong dch ln men. Tuy nhin, ch c 15% lng CO2 to thnh c hp th
trong bia, tn ti dng ho tan hoc lin kt vi cc thnh phn khc ca dng ln men.
Trong qu trnh ln men ph c nhng hp cht khng bn nh este ca acid
cacbonic, chnh nhng cht ny lm cho CO2 tht thot nhanh mi khi thay i p sut t
ngt trong tank ln men. Acid cacbonic c th lin kt vi glycerin v glycol to nn cc
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este v cn c th kt hp vi cc acid lactic, aceton, 2,3-butylenglycal. Nh vy, trong bia

xut hin nhiu dng lin kt ha hc v ho l khc nhau ca CO2. Do , CO2 sinh ra
khng ch tn ti dng kh, dng ho tan m cn tn ti dng lin kt, ba dng ny c
mi quan h qua li vi nhau.
+ S t trong ca bia:
Bia sau khi ln men chnh cha mt lng ng k t bo nm men v cc ht
cn mn, cc ht ny bao gm -glucan, -glucan, pentosan, xc vi sinh vt v cc mui
oxalate calcium. Trong qu trnh ln men ph, di tc dng ca nhit thp
(24oC) v p sut P=0,81,13atm, cc ht ny c xu hng kt hp li vi nhau thnh
nhng ht ln v lng xung y bn ln men. iu kin ny, qa trnh ng t nha
houblon, ng t cc hp cht tanin-protin cng din ra. T bo nm men cng chu
nh hng ca nhit thp, p sut cao cng t t lng xung y thng.
* Cch tin hnh :
Khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta chuyn sang ln men ph. Nhit ca
qu trnh ln men ph l 0 2oC. Sau khi thu hi men ta h nhit xung 2 oC th
gian ln men ph khong 8 12 ngy, qu trnh ln men ph kt thc khi ng t
2,1 2,5oS.
Trc khi lc khong 2 ngy ta h nhit xung 0oC. giai on cui ny tc
ln men chm hn, nm men tip tc s dng phn ng cn li trong dch ln
men to thnh CO2 v cc sn phm bc 2 lm hng v ca bia c n nh hn (lm
trong bia, kh diaxetyl, lm chn v n nh bia). Lng CO2 to ra di tc dng ca
nhit thp ho tan vo dch ln men. Nu lng CO2 ny khng ta c th b sung
thm.
Tng thi gian ln men khong 16 18 ngy. Tuy nhin tu theo mc tiu
th c th ko di hoc ngn hn. Trong qu trnh ln men, theo nguyn tc mi ngy
phi ly mu mt ln kim tra cc yu t sau : pH, ng v soi t bo nm men
xem qu trnh ln men c din ra bnh thng hay khng. Nu pH ca dch ln men
tng ngha l dch ln men c th b nhim vi khun lactic hoc axetic. Cn soi t bo
nm men bit mt t bo nm men, t l ny chi v c im hnh thi ca t
bo. Kt thc ln men ng t khong
2,1 2,5oS.
Cip cc tank ln men, tank cha men v tank nhn men :
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H thng Cip gm bn thng :

1.
Thng cha NaOH 2% + Mix 100 nng 0,05%
2.
Thng cha NaOH hi lu
3.
Thng cht st trng Trimeta-HC 2% dung kh trng
4.
Thng P3-Oxonia 0,3%1.2.8. Lc trong bia
II.2.9 Lc trong bia

* Mc ch :
Qu trnh ny nhm tch cn l lng, tch cc t bo nm men sng v cc t
bo trong bia tng gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh phn c hc, lm tng bn sinh
hc v bn ca bia. Dch sau khi lc trong sut c mu vng sng. Nhit lc bia
khong 0 2oC.
* Cc phng php lc:
- Lc c cht tr lc :
u im : lc trit , hiu qu cao
Nhc im : chi ph lc cao hn, thit b cu to phc tp
- Lc khng c cht tr lc :
u im : chi ph lc thp, thit b n gin.
Nhc im : nhanh b bt, ch dng lc hon thin
My lc c cht tr lc li c nhiu loi khc nhau :

My lc a :
u im : bia lc bng thit b ny c th t n trong tinh th
Nhc im : chu trnh lc ngn, v sinh kh khn, lun phi b sung vt

liu lc sau mi ln ti s dng hao ph.
My lc tm bn :
u im : b mt lc ln, lc trong v loi b c nm men, vt liu lc

d kim, d thay th, khng yu cu trnh cao.
Nhc im : bia d b oxi ho, kh gi nhit lnh ca bia trong qu

trnh lc nn lm gim tnh n nh cc ht keo to nht. Phi thay th vi lc nhiu
ln.
T c im ca my lc trn cng vi iu kin sn xut em chn my lc ng
c s dng cht tr lc l diatomit.
* Cch tin hnh :
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Qu trnh lc tri qua 2 giai on : Giai on to lp lc v giai on tin hnh

lc.
Giai on to b mt lc :
Trc ht ho bt diatomit vo nc v trng vi t l bt/nc l 1/8 vo trong

mt thng ri bm dch ny vo my lc khung bn ti khi bia t trong cn thit th
tin hnh lc.
Sau tin hnh to mng lc : ngi ta ha bt diatomit vo nc v trng
trong mt thng, khuy u ri bm tun hon dch ny qua my lc ti khi bia t ti
trong cn thit th tin hnh lc ( thng lc khong 26 30 pht th lng tr lc
s bm u trn b mt tm vi lc ).
Giai on lc :
Khi lp lc bm trn vi lc thnh lp m bo c tiu chun th m van

cho bia chy vo my cng vi cht tr lc, cht tr lc c b sung vi mt lng
nht nh tu theo yu cu. dy lp b trn lp vi lc tng dn, p sut lc tng,
bia khng thot ra hoc c thot ra nhng b c do lp lc b ph v lc ny ta dng
qu trnh lc, tho tm bn ca my v git vi lc. p sut lc bia thng l 2 3,5
kg/cm2, p sut trong ng theo yu cu th c th kt thc qu trnh lc v chuyn sang
giai on bo ha CO2.
II.2.10 Bo ha CO2.
* Mc ch:
Trong qu trnh lc bia, hm lng CO2 thot ra 1 phn trong khi ln men cha
np CO2 nn cn bo ha CO2 cho t hm lng cn thit nhm tng cht lng cm
quan, chng oxyho, chng kt lng v to mi trng tt bo qun bia.
Vai tr ca CO2 trong bia gm:
n nh bia, khi c mt CO2 th cc vi sinh vt l khng pht trin c nn

khng lm h hng bia.
Ci thin mi, tng mi thm v CO2 lin kt vi alcol to ester khng bn.
Khi rt bia to bt CO2 v c mi thm kh mnh.
Tng kh nng dc hc ca bia v CO2 tng tc vi khong c kh nng

cha bnh.
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Tng v, tng bt v bn bt cho bia.

* Cch tin hnh :
Sau khi lc bia xong nhit ca bia ln n 7 80C cho nn thng np CO2
phi c h thng nc mui bao quanh nhm h nhit ca bia non xung 0 10C
CO2 c bo ho tt. Bia c bm vo thng Inox dy, chu lc theo ng ng t
di trnh si bt, chim 80% th tch thng.
Khi bm xong ng cc van li m van np CO2 vo thng, CO2 trc khi
a vo thng c x l qua bnh cha KMnO4 0,1%, bnh cha bng v than hot
tnh, p sut np CO2 l 4 5 Kg/cm2. Thi gian tng p lc t 15 30 pht gi p
sut ny trong khong 12 gi, lng CO2 np ti a ta tin hnh np 2 3 ln. Bia
sau khi bo ho CO2 cn phi t hm lng CO2 i vi bia hi l 3,5g/lt.
II.2.11 Hon thin sn phm
II.2.11.1 Hon thin bia hi.
Bia sau khi bo ha CO2 c chit vo cc thng bock. Trc khi chit, bock
phi c kim tra cht lng nu t yu cu th mi tin hnh chit bock. Bia hi
thnh phm c chit vo bock c cc dung tch sau : 100 lt, 50 lt, 25 lt. thun
tin cho vic vn chuyn ta chn loi bock 50 lt.
Bock lm bng inox hay bng nha c lp bo n, chu c p sut d do CO2
gy ra. Xung quanh c cc ai cao su khi vn chuyn trnh b xy st va p. Chit
bock theo phng php chit ng p. Bock c xem nh m bo nu sau mt ngy
chit bock m nhit ca bia tng khng ti 1C.
II.2.11.2 Hon thin bia chai

Chai ng bia c thi t cc loi thy tinh cht lng cao c mu nu m hau
xanh nht. ngn cn cc tia bc x mt tri chiu vo c th gy cho bia c mi v l
ng thi gy mt mu bia. Nguyn nhn l do to ra CO2 v cc hp cht cha nhm
sunfohydryl. Do cc tia bc x mt tri c kh nng kch thch cc phn ng quang ha
trong bia, Kh mt s cht hu c cha lu hunh thnh metacaptain c mi kh chu.
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Chai bia phi chu c p lc 10 kg/cm2 100C, dy ca thnh chai phi

u, nhn v khng c bt kh, y chai hi lm. Chai dng chit bia c cc th tch
khc nhau, thng thng l 0,33 lt; 0,5 lt ; 0,7 lt.
Sau y l cc bc trong qu trnh hon thin bia chai
a.Ra chai
Trc khi chit chai, chai phi c qua my ra, kh trng v thit b soi chai
loi b cc chai bn v khuyt tt.
Ra chai bng cch : chai bn c xch ti chuyn n my ra. Nh c ch
chuyn ng, chai c a vo my qua cc vng :
Vng I : Ngm nc m 30 - 35C ra s b.
Vng II : Ngm, phun bng dung dch NaOH 2%, p lc phun 3kg/cm2 ra cc
cn bn hu c nhit 65C.
Vng III : Phun nc 30 - 35C trng s b.
Vng IV : Trng nc lnh v trng a nhit chai xung 8 - 10C ri qua b
phn kim tra sch ca chai ( bng cch soi chai ).
Yu cu sau ra
+ Chai phi sch v mt ha l v m bo v mt an ton vi sinh.
+ Gim n mc ti thiu mc tiu hao nng lng v nc.
+ Gim vic s dng ha cht.
+ Gim thiu s nh hng n mi trng
b. Chit chai
Chai sau khi ra c c bng chuyn chuyn n thit b chit chai ( chit
theo nguyn l ng p ). Nhit ca bia l 0 - 1C. Trong qu trnh chit chai cn
trnh tip xc vi khng kh v oxy l nguyn nhn gy nn hot ng sng ca cc h vi
sinh vt trong bia, gy km bn cho bia. ng thi oxy l tc nhn gy ra cc phn ng
oxy ha m sn phm l cc cht kt ta gy c cho bia.
Khi chit chai, vi chit ngom kht vo c chai, gia chai c thng cha bia c
ng thng vi nhau to p sut ng p, ng ny ni gia c chai v mt thong ca
39
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thng bia, xi lanh vi chit chai c a xung tn y chai v thc hin qu trnh
chit. Phng php chit ny trnh c s tro bt gy tn tht v trnh bia tip xc
nhiu vi khng kh. Khi chit xong bia c cho i qua khu kim tra mc y v rn
nt ( nu c ) v sau quan st b phn dp nt, khi chai bia c dp nt xong, ta
chuyn bia sang b phn thanh trng.
c Thanh trng bia chai
* Mc ch.
Thanh trng l gia nhit chai bia n nhit thch hp, trong khong thi gian
cn thit tiu dit hon ton t bo nm men cn st li trong bia sau khi lc, m bo
t bo nm men khng hot ng tr li ( nhit 20 25oC) gy c cho bia, ko di
thi gian bo qun cho bia.
* Cch tin hnh:
Tin hnh thanh trng bng thit b thanh trng kiu hm tunel phun t ng. Cc chai
bia chy dc theo bng ti qua cc vng ca hm thanh trng. Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang,
mi khoang phun nc nng mt nhit khc nhau.
Gia nhit 419C bng nc 28C
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C
H nhit 6459C bng nc 62C
Cc bng ti tm bng nn nc sau khi phun vo vng no s c thu gom vo
cc b cha t vng . Cc chai chy trong hm theo mt ng thng ,vo u
hm v ra cui hm.
* Cc bin i trong qu trnh thanh trng.
Vt l :
S thay i nhit trong thit b thanh trng lm xut hin gradien nhit .
40
n tt nghip
S thay i th tch v t trng nhit .

S thay i p sut khng kh trong chai theo tng vng trong thit b thanh trng.
Ho hc:
Qu trnh thanh trng to ra cc sn phm ng trong bia nh: phn ng gia
ng v cc acid amin hnh thnh nn cc cht lm cho bia c mu sm hn, phn ng
to phc, phn ng thu phn, phn ng oxy ho.
Ho l:
Qu trnh thanh trng c th dn ti hin tng vn c trong bia. iu ny ph
thuc vo thnh phn v hm lng protein trong bia, cc hp cht polyphenol, nhit
v thi gian thanh trng.
Ho sinh:
Nhit , thi gian v tc phn ng trong cc vng thanh trng cn tu thuc
vo s thay i hot tnh ca enzyme theo nhit . giai on u ca qu trnh thanh
trng, nhit tng dn. Khi , enzyme bt u hot ng mnh lm tng tc phn
ng. Do , nu nh giai on gia nhit v lm lnh ko di s lm thay i cht lng sn
phm.
Cm quan:
Qu trnh thanh trng lm thay i mu sc, hng v sn phm do s hnh thnh hot
cht mlanoid.
* Ch tiu sn phm
- V chai khng v,khng c du hiu nt.
- Bia trong chai khng c nhng biu hin bt thng nh: bin i mu,c v
c
- Sau thi gian bo n khng c cc bin i gy nh hng n cht lng sn
phm.
d. Dn nhn, in hn s dng.
Sau khi thanh trng bia c kim tra i trn bng ti n my dn nhn, nhn
41
n tt nghip
phi c ghi ngay ngn, h dn phi cho thm CuSO4 0,1% chng gin.
Sau khi dn nhn, bia c xp vo kt, mi kt 20 chai. Cui cng l nhp kho v em
i tiu th
Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng

sn phm
A. Lp k hoch sn xut
Nh my c thit k vi nng sut 25 triu lt bia/nm, c cu sn phm 80% bia
chai v 20% bia hi. Nng dch ng trc ln men l 12Bx ng vi bia chai, v
10,5Bx ng vi bia hi. S dng nguyn liu thay th l go vi t l thay th l 20%
cho tng lng go v malt s dng.
Do nc ta nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma, min Bc kh hu c 4 ma rt
khc nhau v vy m nhu cu tiu th bia cc ma cng khc nhau. Ma h do thi tit
nng nc nn nhu cu s dng bia cao, trong khi ma ng do thi tit lnh nhu cu v
bia gim. Do nh my phi c k hoch sn xut mt cch hp l lng bia sn
xut ra tiu th ht trnh lng ph.
Bng k hoch sn xut ca nh my:
Qu
I
II
III
IV
Bia chai (triu lt)
4,5
5,5
5,5
4,5
Bia hi (triu lt)
0,5
2,0
2,0
0,5
Tng nng sut (triu lt)
5,0
7,5
7,5
5,0
42
n tt nghip
Mt nm nh my sn xut 300 ngy, trung bnh mi thng sn xut 25 ngy,

nhng ngy cn li duy tu, bo dng my mc thit b. Nng sut ln nht mt
thng: 2,5 triu lt.
Nng sut ln nht mt ngy: 2500000/25 = 100 000(lt).
Mi ngy nu 6 m, nng sut mt m khong: 16 700(lt).
43
n tt nghip
B. Tnh cn bng sn phm

Trong qu trnh sn xut, tn tht cc cng on l khng th trnh khi nn
trong trong qu trnh tnh ton ta u phi tnh n lng tn tht tng cng on.
Lng tn tht ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh cht lng nguyn liu, ch cng
ngh thit b.
n gin ta tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100l bia. Gi thit:
Malt c hm m 6%, hiu sut ho tan 80%.
Go c hm m 13%, hiu sut ho tan 85%.
Tn tht trong cc qu trnh ln lt l:
- Nghin: 0,5%.
- H ho, ng ho v lc: 3% cht ho tan.
- Nu hoa: 5% lng dch do nc bay hi.
- Lng xoy v lnh nhanh: 2,5%.
- Ln men: 4%.
- Lc bia: 1%.
- Bo ho CO2: 0,5%.
- Chit chai: 3%; chit bock: 1%.
I. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100l bia chai

1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 100l bia chai l M(kg) th lng go cn l
0,25M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,74824M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,25M.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,18395M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,74824M + 0,18395M = 0,93219M(kg)
* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 100l bia chai thnh phm:

Cng on chit chai tn tht 3%, lng bia sau bo ho CO2 l:
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n tt nghip
100
= 103,09(l)
1 0,03
Cng on bo ho CO2 tn tht 0,5%, lng bia sau lc l:

103,09
= 103,61(l)
1 0,005
Cng on lc bia tn tht 1%, lng bia sau ln men l:

103,61
= 104,66(l)
1 0,01
Cng on ln men tn tht 4%, lng dch ng a i ln men l:

104,66
= 109,02(l)
1 0,04
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% ,lng dch ng sau un
hoa ( 200C ) l :
109,02
= 111,81(l)
(1 0.025)
Do th tch dch 100oC chnh lch so vi th tch dch 20oC l 4% nn th

tch dch 100oC l:
111,81
= 116,47(l)
1 0,04
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh l 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi

lng dch ng sau un hoa l:
111,81 x 1,048 = 117,18(kg)
Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
117,18
12
= 14,06(kg)
100
Cng on nu, ng ho, lc tn tht cht chit l 3%, lng cht chit ban
u l:
14,06
= 14,5(kg)
1 0,03
Ta c: 0,93219M = 14,5(kg)
Suy ra: Lng malt cn l M = 15,56(kg)
Lng go cn l 0,25M = 3,89(kg)
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2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 15,56kg trong :
Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 80% = 20%
m W = 6%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b malt:
15,56.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 2,91(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
2,91
= 14,55(kg)
1 0,8
Lng go em nu l 3,89kg trong :

m 13%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b go:
3,89.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,15 = 0,51(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b go t l:
0,51
= 2,55(kg)
1 0,8
Tng lng b kh l: 2,91 + 2,55 = 5,46(kg)

Tng lng b t l: 14,55 + 2,55 = 17,1(kg)
Lng nc trong b l: 17,1 5,46 = 11,64(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b
* Lng nc trong qu trnh h ho:
ni h ho c s dng lng malt lt bng 10% lng go, tng lng bt
cho vo ni cho l:
(3,89 + 0,1.3,89).(1 0,005) = 4,258(kg)
T l phi trn nc:bt = 5:1, lng nc cho vo ni h ho l:
5 x 4,258 = 21,29 (kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
4,258 + 21,29 = 25,548 (kg)
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n tt nghip
Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu:

3,89.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,1.3,89.(1 0,005).0,06 = 0,53(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho:
21,29+ 0,53 = 21,82 (kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5%:
21,82 x 0,05 = 1,091(kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l:
25,548 1,091 = 24,457 (kg)
* Lng nc trong qu trnh ng ho:
Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho:
(15,56 0,1.3,89).(1 0,005) = 15,1 (kg)
T l phi trn nc:malt = 4:1, lng nc phi trn vi malt l:
4 x 15,1 = 60,4 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
15,1 x 0,06 = 0,91 (kg)
Khi chuyn ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho tng khi lng dch l:
15,1 + 60,4 + 24,457 = 100 (kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
60,4 + 0,91 + (21,82 1,091) = 82,04 (kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4%:
82,04 . 0,04 = 3,28 (kg)
Lng nc cn li sau ng ho: 82,04 3,28 = 78,76 (kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li l: 100 3,27 = 96,72(kg)
* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 117,18(kg)
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa:
(1
12
) 117,81 = 103,67(kg)
100
Khi un hoa tn tht 5% th tch dch do nc bay hi, lng nc trong dch
ng trc un hoa:
47
n tt nghip
103,67
= 98,5(kg)
1 0,05
Lng nc trong b l: 11,64(kg)

Lng nc cn li sau ng ho l: 78,76 (kg)
Suy ra lng nc ra b:
98,5 + 11,64 78,76 = 31,38 (kg)
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 100 17,1 = 82,9 (kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 82,9 + 31,38 = 114,28 (kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia chai nu c ng 22 tc hm lng cht ng l 22mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 100l bia thnh phm l:
22
100 = 7,33.103(mg) = 7,33(g)
0,3
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng.
Gi lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g).
Lng cht ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 7,33(g)
Suy ra: Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 31,87(g)
Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 7,97(g)
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa
vin c m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
31,87 0,6
= 127,48(g) 0,13(kg)
1 0,85
5. Cc nguyn liu khc

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactics h pH ca dch xung
5,4 5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b sung vo ni
48
n tt nghip
h ho bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung vo ni malt bng khong
0,04% lng malt.
Tng lng acid b sung l:
0,06% 3,89 + 0,04% 15,56 = 0,006224(kg) = 6,224(g)
ni ng ho cn c b sung mt lng mui n to cho bia v m
, lng mui tng ng vi 100 lt bia l: 20g
* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:
Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v
mn c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 100 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,08 kg diatomide mi loi v 25
g vinyl polypyriolidone.
Sn phm bia chai cn c b sung cc ho cht chng oxyho, chng c l
polyclarlc, vicant, collupulin cng vi t tr lc ln 2. Lng ho cht b sung tng
ng vi 100 lt bia l: 18g polycarlc, 3g vicant, 2,2g collupulin.
* Lng men ging s dng:
Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1 .109,02 10,9(l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.109,02 1,09(l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging
cho chu k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.
* Sa men kt lng:
C 100l bia cho 2 sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong
1l. Lng men ti s dng ca 1 tank c th nhn men cho 2 tank do thc t ch
ti s dng 0,5l sa men cn thi b 1,5l sa men kt lng.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng
vi 100l bia cn nu 15,56kg malt v 3,89kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l:
15,56 + 3,89 = 19,45(kg).
49
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Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 19,45.0,0175 = 0,34(kg)

Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.0,34 = 0,068(kg)
* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g
18g
184g
176g
Lng dch trc ln men: 109,02(l), c ng 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi
lng dch ng trc ln men l:
109,02.1,048 = 114,25(kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
12
114,25 = 13,71 (kg)
100
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit
c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l:
13,71
176
0,55 = 3,88(kg)
342
Ln men chnh tn hao th tch dch ln men l 3% th th tch bia non ng vi

100 lt bia thnh phm l:
109,02 0,97 = 105,75(l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 105,75lt bia non l:
2,5.105,75 = 264,37(g) 0,26(kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l:
3,88 0,26 = 3,62(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 thot ra
l:
3,62
= 1,98 (kg)
1,832
Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:

0,7.1,98 = 1,38(m3)
Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c
chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm lng CO2
trong bia ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia
sau lc vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui
50
n tt nghip
ng thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2
t ti 4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 103,61 lt bia sau lc l:
(4,5 2).103,61 = 259,025(g) 0,26(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
0,26
= 0,14(m3)
1,832
Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia chai
TT
Tn nguyn liu
100 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Malt
Go
Nc nu cho
Nc ng ho
Nc ra b
B malt v go
Hoa vin
Cao hoa
Dch bt go
Dch cho
Dch malt
15,56 kg
3,89 kg
21,29 lt
60,4 lt
31,38 lt
17,1 kg
31,87 g
7,97 g
25,548 kg
24,457 kg
100 kg
2599 kg
650 kg
3555 l
10087 l
5240,5 l
2,86 tn
5,32 kg
1,33 kg
4,3 tn
4,084 tn
16,7 tn
15,59 tn
3,9 tn
21,33 m3
71,4 m3
31,44 m3
17,13 tn
32 kg
8,0 kg
25,6 tn
24,5 tn
100,4 tn
12
13
14
Dch ng
Dch sau lc
Dch ng
houblon ho
Dch ng em
ln men
Bia ti
Bia sau lc
Bia trc chit chai
Men nhn trc tip
Men ti s dng
96,72 kg
114,28 kg
116,47 lt
16,15 tn
19,08 tn
19,45 m3
96,9 tn
114,48 tn
116,7m3
4677 tn
1170 tn
6400 m3
21420 m3
9432 m3
5140,3 tn
9580 kg
2396 kg
7680 tn
7350 tn
30121,6
tn
2907 tn
34344 tn
35010 m3
109,02 lt
18,2 m3
109,2 m3
32760 m3
104,66 lt
103,61 lt
103,09 lt
10,9 lt
1,09 lt
17,48 m3
17, 3 m3
17,2 m3
1,82 m3
182 lt
105 m3
103,8 m3
103,2 m3
10,92 m3
1,09 m3
31464 m3
31140 m3
30960 m3
3276m3
327,6m3
15
16
17
18
19
51
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Bng cc nguyn liu ph, sn phm ph tng ng bia chai:

TT
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Tn nguyn liu
Acid lactics
NaCl
Diatomide
(mi loi)
Vinyl
polypyriolidone
Men kt lng
Men ti s dng
Men thi b
Polyclarlc
Vicant
Collupulin
CO2 thot ra
12
13
CO2 c th thu hi
CO2 cn bo ho
100 lt
9,1 g
20 g
0,08 kg
1 m
152 kg
3,34 kg
13,4 kg
1 ngy
9,12 kg
20 kg
80 kg
1 nm
1824 kg
4000 kg
16000 kg
25 g
4,2 kg
25 kg
1250 kg
2 lt
0,5 lt
1,5 lt
18 g
3,3 g
2,2 g
1,98 m3
334 lt
83,5 lt
250,5 lt
3 kg
551 g
367 g
330,7 m3
2000 lt
500 lt
1500 lt
18 kg
3,3 kg
2,2 kg
1984 m3
1,38 m3
0,14 m3
230,5 m3
23,38 m3
1382,8 m3
140,28 m3
400 m3
100 m3
300 m3
3600 kg
660 kg
440 kg
595 188
m3
414 828m3
42084 m3
52
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II. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia hi

1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 100l bia hi l M(kg) th lng go cn l
0,25M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,74824M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,25M.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,18395M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,74824M + 0,18395M = 0,93219M(kg)
* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 1000l bia hi thnh phm:
Cng on chit bock tn tht 1%, lng bia a vo chit bock l:
100
= 101(l)
1 0,01
Giai on tng tr v bo ho CO2 trc khi chit bock tn tht 0,5%, lng
bia sau lc l:
101
= 101,51(l)
1 0.005
Cng on lc bia tn tht 1%, lng bia sau ln men l:

101,51
= 102,53(l)
1 0,01
Cng on ln men tn tht 4%, lng dch ng trc ln men l:

102,53
= 106,8(l)
1 0,04
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% ,lng dch ng sau un
hoa ( 200C ) l :
106,8
= 109,54(l)
(1 0,025)
Do th tch dch 100oC chnh lch so vi th tch dch 20oC l 4% nn th

tch dch 100oC l:
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109,54
= 114,1(l)
1 0,04
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh 10,5Bx c d20 = 1,042. Khi

lng dch ng sau un hoa l:
109,54 . 1,042 = 114,14(kg)
Lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
10,5
114,14 = 11,98 (kg)
100
Ta c: 0,93219M = 11,98(kg)
Suy ra: Lng malt cn l M = 12,86(kg)
Lng go cn l 0,25M = 3,214(kg)
2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 12,86 kg.
m 6%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b malt kh l:
12,86.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 2,4(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
2,4
= 12,03 (kg)
1 0,8
Lng go em nu l 3,214 kg.

Lng cht kh khng ho tan l 100% 85% = 15%
m 13%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b go kh l:
3,214.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,15 = 0,45 (kg)
B c hm m l 80%, khi lng b go t l:
0,45
= 2,25 (kg)
1 0,8
Tng lng b kh: 2,4 + 0,45 = 2,85 (kg)

54
n tt nghip
Tng lng b t l: 12,03 + 2,25 = 14,28(kg)

Tng lng nc c trong b l: 14,28 2,85 = 11,43(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b
* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh h ho:
ni cho s dng lng malt lt bng 10% lng go. Tng lng bt go
v malt lt cho vo ni cho l:
(3,214 + 0,1.3,214).(1 0,005) = 3,52(kg)
T l phi trn bt:nc = 1:5, lng nc cho vo ni cho l:
3,52 . 5 = 17,6 (kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
3,52 + 17,6 = 21,12 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong bt go v malt lt l:
3,214.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,1.3,214.(1 0,005).0,06 = 0,43 (kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho l:
17,6 + 0,43 = 18,03 (kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5% l:
0,05 . 18,03 = 0,9 (kg)
Lng nc cn li trong dch cho sau h ho l:
18,03 0,9 = 17,13 (kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l:
21,12 0,9 = 20,22 (kg)
* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh ng ho:
Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho l:
(12,86 0,1.3,214).(1 0,005) = 12,48 (kg)
T l phi trn malt:nc = 1:4, lng nc ho trn vi bt malt l:
4 . 12,48 = 49,92 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
49,92 .0,06 = 3 (kg)
Khi bm ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho th tng khi lng ca dch l:
(12,48 + 49,92) + 20,22 = 82,62 (kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
55
n tt nghip
(49,92 + 3) + 17,13 = 70,05 (kg)

Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4% l:
0,04 . 70,05 = 2,8 (kg)
Sau qu trnh ng ho lng nc cn li trong dch ng l:
70,05 2,8 = 67,25(kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li sau ng ho:
82,62 2,8 = 79,82 (kg)
* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 114,14 kg
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
100 10,5
114,14 = 102,15 (kg)
100
Trong qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 10% do nc bay hi. Lng nc
trong dch ng trc un hoa l:
102,15
= 113,5 (kg)
1 0,1
Lng nc trong b l: 11,43 kg

Suy ra lng nc ra b l: 113,5 + 11,43 67,25 = 57,68 (kg)
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 79,82 14,28 = 65,54 (kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 65,54 + 57,68 = 123,22(kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia hi nu c ng 18 tc hm lng cht ng l 18mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 1000l bia thnh phm l:
18
100 = 6000(mg) = 6(g)
0,3
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng.
Gi lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g). Lng cht
ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 6(g)
56
n tt nghip
Suy ra:
Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 26,1(g)

Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 6,5 (g)
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin c
m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
26,1 0,6
= 104,4(g) 0,1(kg)
1 0,85
5. Cc nguyn liu khc

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactics h pH ca dch xung
5,4 5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b sung vo ni
h ho bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung vo ni malt bng khong
0,04% lng malt.
Tng lng acid b sung l:
0,06% 3,214 + 0,04% 12,86 = 0,007(kg) = 7(g)
ni ng ho cn c b sung mt lng mui n to cho bia v m
, lng mui tng ng vi 100 lt bia l: 20g
* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:
Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v
mn c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 100 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,08 kg diatomide mi loi v 25
g vinyl polypyriolidone.
* Lng men ging s dng:
Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1.106,8 10,68 (l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.106,8 1,07 (l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging
cho chu k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.
* Sa men kt lng:
57
n tt nghip
C 100l bia cho 2l sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong

1l. Lng men ti s dng ca 1 tank c th nhn men cho 2 tank do thc t ch
ti s dng 0,5l sa men cn thi b 1,5l sa men kt lng.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng
vi 100l bia cn nu 12,86 kg malt v 3,214 kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l:
12,86 + 3,214 = 16,074 (kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 16,074 .0,0175 = 0,28 (kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.0,28 = 0,056 (kg)
* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O = 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g
18g
184g
176g
Lng dch trc ln men: 106,8 (l), c ng 10,5Bx c d20=1,042. Khi
lng dch ng trc ln men l:
106,8.1,042 = 111,28 (kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
10,5
111,28 = 11,68 (kg)
100
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit
c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l:
11,68
176
0,55 = 3,3(kg)
342
Sau ln men chnh th tch dch gim 3%, th tch bia non ng vi 100 lt bia
thnh phm l:
106,8 0,97 = 103,6 (l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 103,6 lt bia non l:
2,5.103,6 = 259 (g) 0,26 (kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l:
3,3 0,26 = 3,04(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 bay ra l:
58
n tt nghip
3,04
= 1,66 (m3)
1,832
Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:

0,7 . 1,66 = 1,162 (m3)
Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c
chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm lng CO2
trong bia ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia
sau lc vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui
ng thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2
t ti 4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 101,51 lt bia sau lc l:
(4,5 2).101,51 = 253,78 (g) 0,254(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
0,254
= 0,14 (m3)
1,832
Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia hi

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Tn nguyn liu
Malt
Go
Nc nu cho
Nc ng ho
Nc ra b
B malt
Hoa vin
Cao hoa
Dch bt go
Dch cho
Dch malt
Dch ng
Dch lc
Dch ng
houblon ho
Dch i ln men
Bia ti
Bia sau lc
Bia trc chit
bock
100 lt
12,86 kg
3,214 kg
17,6 lt
49,92 lt
57,68 lt
14,28 kg
26,1 g
6,5 g
21,12 kg
20,22 kg
82,62 kg
79,82 kg
65,54 kg
114,1 lt
1 m
2147,6 kg
537 kg
2939 l
8336 l
9632 l
2,38 tn
4,4 kg
1,1 kg
3,53 tn
3,376 tn
13,8 tn
13,33 tn
10,95 tn
19,05 m3
1 ngy
12,88 tn
3,22 tn
17,63 m3
50 m3
57,8 m3
14,28 tn
26,4 kg
6,6 kg
21,16 tn
20,26 tn
82,78 tn
80 tn
65,67 tn
114,3 m3
1 nm
3866 tn
966 tn
5290 m3
15000 m3
17340 m3
4284 tn
7920 kg
1980 kg
6348 tn
6078 tn
24834 tn
24000 tn
19701 tn
34290 m3
106,8 lt
102,53 lt
101,51 lt
101 lt
17,84 m3
17,12 m3
16,95 m3
16,87 m3
107,04 m3
102,7 m3
101,7 m3
101,22 m3
32112 m3
30816m3
30510 m3
30366 m3
59
n tt nghip
19
Men nhn trc tip

10,68 lt
1,78 m3
10,68 m3
3204 m3
Men ti s dng
1,07 lt
178,7 lt
1,07 m3
321 m3
Bng cc nguyn liu ph, sn phm ph tng ng bia hi:
TT
1
2
3
Tn nguyn liu
Acid lactics
NaCl
Diatomide
(mi loi)
Vinyl
polypyriolidone
Men kt lng
Men ti s dng
Men thi b
CO2 thot ra
CO2 c th thu hi
CO2 cn bo ho
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
100 lt
7g
20 g
0,08 kg
1 m
1169 kg
3,34 kg
13,4 kg
1 ngy
7014 kg
20 kg
80 kg
1 nm
2104 kg
1000 kg
4000 kg
25 g
4,2 kg
25 kg
1250 kg
2 lt
0,5 lt
1,5 lt
1,66 m3
1,162 m3
0,14 m3
334 lt
83,5 lt
250,5 lt
277,22 m3
194 m3
23,38 m3
2000 lt
500 lt
1500 lt
1663,3 m3
1164 m3
140,28 m3
100 m3
25 m3
75 m3
498996 m3
349200 m3
42084 m3
III. Ho cht v sinh:

1. Ha cht v sinh cc ni nu:
Cc ho cht dng v sinh cc ni nu l: dung dch NaOH 2%, dung dch
HNO3 0,1%, dung dch nc clo 10%.
Cn c theo nhp nu: Gia cc m nu trong ngy ch cn v sinh cc ni
nu bng nc nng. Trong cc khong ngh di v sinh cc ni nu bng ho cht ty
ra, kh trng. Th tch dung dch cc ho cht cn s dng cho mt ln v sinh nh k
khong 8% th tch ni nu ln nht ( l ni hoa) theo th tch cc dung dch v sinh
l: 0,08 30,4 = 2,43(m3), tc khi lng dung dch khong 2430kg. Lng cc ho
cht cn s dng tng ng l:
NaOH dng ht khan: 2% 2430 = 48,6(kg NaOH)
Dung dch acid nitric m c (63%): 0,1% 2430 / 63% = 3,86(kg HNO3
63%)
Bt Cloramin: 10% 2430 = 243(kg cloramin)
nh k 1 tun v sinh cc ni nu 1 ln th theo lch sn xut mt nm cn v
sinh khong 50 ln, khi lng ho cht tiu hao l:
NaOH: 50 48,6 = 2430(kg NaOH)
60
n tt nghip
HNO3 63%: 50 3,86 = 193(kg HNO3 63%)

Cloramin: 50 243 = 12150(kg cloramin)
2. Ha cht v sinh cc thit b ln men, tng tr bia:
Cc ho cht dng v sinh cc thit b ln men l: dung dch NaOH 2%,
dung dch Trimeta HC 2%, dung dch P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Theo nhp sn xut mi ngy sn xut phi v sinh mt tank ln men, ngoi
ra cn phi v sinh h thng nhn men hay ti s dng men kt lng v cc tank tng tr.
Th tch cc dung dch CIP cn s dng mt ngy bng khong 8% th tch
mt tank ln men: 8% 140,8 = 11,3(m3)
Lng ho cht cn v sinh h thng ln men mt ngy l:
NaOH: 2% 11300 = 226(kg NaOH)
Trimeta HC: 2% 11300 = 226(kg Trimeta HC)
P3 oxonia: 0,5% 11300 = 56,5(kg P3 oxonia)
Mt nm tng ng vi 300 ngy sn xut cn lng ho cht v sinh l:
NaOH: 300 226 = 67800(kg NaOH)
Trimeta HC: 300 226 = 67800(kg Trimeta HC)
P3 oxonia: 300 56,5 = 16950(kg P3 oxonia)
Tng lng NaOH cn v sinh cho c nh my mt nm l:
2430 + 67800 = 70230(kg NaOH)
Bng tng kt cc ho cht ty ra, st trng cn dng:
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Tn ho cht
NaOH
HNO3 63%
Cloramin
Trimeta HC
P3 oxonia
1 nm
70230 kg
193 kg
12150 kg
67800 kg
16950 kg
61
n tt nghip
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b

I. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu
Theo k hoch sn xut mt m nu ca bia hi v bia chai cng cho sn lng
bia thnh phm nh nhau, ch khc l nu bia chai s dng nhiu nguyn liu hn bia
hi (tr lng nc ra b). Do ta tnh ton thit b ch yu theo bia chai.
1. Cn, gu ti
* Cn:
Nguyn liu c cn theo tng m.
Chn cn hoa loi 5kg.
Chn cn go v malt lt c kh nng cn cao nht 500kg, chnh xc 0,5kg,
c kch thc: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 1m.
62
n tt nghip
Cn malt v go mi loi dng 1 cn in t c gn vi xylo; xylo c kch

thc: ng knh 0,8m, cao 1,5m, y cn 60 cha c khong 500kg
* Gu ti:
Chn gu ti c nng sut vn chuyn 4500 kg/h c thng s k thut:
Kch thc: rng 0,5m, cao 2 4m
Vn tc ko 1,2 1,4m/s
Cng sut ng c 0,8kW
2. My nghin
* My nghin go:
Mt m nu s dng 650 kg go. Chn my nghin go l my nghin ba c
nng sut 1000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Kch thc bung nghin: ng knh 500mm, chiu rng 200mm
Kch thc my: di 1,85m, rng 1,6m, cao 1,65m
* My nghin malt:
Mt m nu lng malt cn nghin l 2599 kg. Chn my nghin malt t c
cng sut 3000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Vt liu ch to: thp khng g chu mi mn
Kch thc thit b: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 3,2m
Kch thc trc nghin: ng knh 250mm, di 600mm
S i trc: 2
Khong cch gia 2 trc: 1,25m
Nc ngm malt c nhit 65C, lng nc dng ngm 60l/100kg. Tng
thi gian ngm v nghin khng qu 30 pht. Khi thu phn ca ht tng ln 20%.
3. Ni h ho
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l ng vi mt m nu: 4,3 tn.
Khi lng ring ca hn hp dch bt l 1,07(tn/m3)
Th tch ca hn hp trong ni h ho l:
4,3
= 4,02 (m3)
1,07
Th tch s dng ca ni l 75%, th tch ca ni cn t l:

63
n tt nghip
4,02
= 5,36 (m3)
0,75
* Chn thit b h ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn, lm

bng thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V
Vtr
Vy
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 5,36 (m3). Suy ra: D = 2,13 m.

Quy chun: D = 2,2m. H = 1,32m; h1 = 0,44m; h2 = 0,33m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 2,4m.
Th tch thc ca ni l:
V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.2,23 = 5,9(m3).
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8.D = 1,76m
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 1,76m, tc khuy 32v/ph.
Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni h ho
l 4,65m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
F = 0,5.4,65 2,3(m2)
4. Ni ng ho
Tng khi lng dch trong ni ng ho ng vi mt m nu l: 16,7 tn.
Dch bt c khi lng ring l 1,08(tn/m3), th tch dch trong ni ng ho
l:
64
n tt nghip
16,7
= 15,46 (m3)
1,08

15,46
= 20,61 (m3)
0,75
* Chn thit b ng ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm

h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V
Vtr
Vy
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 20,61 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,33m.

Th tch thc ca ni:
V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.3,43 = 21,8(m3).
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi l: Dng = 3,6m.
Chiu cao phn hai v: H2v = 0,8D = 2,72m.
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 2,72m. Tc khuy 32v/ph.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni ng ho
l 15,46 m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
F = 0,5.15,46 7,73(m2)
65
n tt nghip
5. Thng lc y bng
Thng y bng, thn tr, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
h2
Khi lng b malt v go tng ng vi mt m nu l: 2,86 tn

Khi lng ring ca b l: 0,75 tn/m3
Th tch b l:
2,86
= 3,81(m3)
0,75
Chn chiu cao lp b l: 0,4m

Din tch y lc:
3,81
= 9,525 (m2)
0,4
ng knh thng lc l: D =
4 9,525
3,5 (m)
Quy chun: D = 3,5m. Lp v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng l: D ng =

3,7m.
Np nn: h2 = 0,15D = 0,52m.
D 2 3,52
=
= 9,62 (m2)
Din tch y lc thc t: S =
4
4
Khi lng dch cn li sau ng ho: 16,15 tn

Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
16700
14,06 = 2348 (kg)
100
Qu trnh lc b v un hoa tn tht cht chit l 2%, khi lng cht chit c
trong dch ng trc lc l:
66
n tt nghip
2348
= 2396(kg)
1 0,02
Hm lng cht chit trong dch ng sau ng ho l:

2396
100% = 14,8%
16150
Khi lng ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l: 1,06 tn/m3

Th tch ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l:
16,15
= 15,23 (m3)
1,06
Chiu cao ca lp dch lc trong ni:

hd =
15,23
Vd
=
= 1,49(m)
10,2
S
Th tch s dng ca thng l 70%, chiu cao thn tr ca thng l:

Ht =
hd
1,49
=
= 2,13 (m)
0,7
0,7
y gi cch y tht 2cm, chiu cao thng phn thn tr ca thng l:

H = Ht + 0,02 = 2,13 + 0,02 = 2,15(m)
Th tch thc ca ni:
V=
D 2
.3,6 2
H =
2,15 = 21,88(m 3 ) .
4
4
H thng co b quay vi tc 16v/ph.

Li lc thit k cc khe hnh nm kch thc 0,5mm 70mm, din tch thot
dch trn tng din tch sn: 14%. Ca thot dch hnh cn vi gc m rng. Dao co b
c ch to bng ng thau.
* Ca x b c thit k c ng knh 30cm c ng m bng ng c
in. B x ra c vt ti y sang xylo cha.
6. Ni nu hoa
Dch sau nu hoa c th tch: 19,45 m3
Qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 5% do nc bay hi, th tch dch trc
un hoa:
19,45
= 20,47 (m3)
1 0,05

67
n tt nghip
20,47
= 29,24 (m3)
0,7
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm

h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V
Vtr
Vy
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 29,24 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,75m.

Quy chun: D = 3,8m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca ni hoa: Dng = 4,0m, H
= 2,28m; h1 = 0,76m; h2 = 0,57m.
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8D = 3,04m.
Th tch thc ca ni:
V = 0,554D3 = 30,4m3.
Ngoi v o hi thit b cn c thit k thit b gia nhit trung tm kiu ng
chm tng cng qu trnh un si mnh lit dch ng.
Din tch trao i nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni hoa l 20,47 m3.
Tng din tch b mt trao i nhit:
F = 0,5.20,47 10,235 (m2)
7. Thng cha trung gian
Th tch dch trc un hoa l 20,47 m3. Th tch s dng ca ni l 90%, th
tch thng cn t l:
68
n tt nghip
20,47
= 22,74 (m3)
0,9
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm

h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V
Vtr
Vy
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 22,74 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,45 m.

V bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng: Dng = 3,7m.
Th tch thc ca thng:
V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.3,53 = 23,75(m3).
8. Thng lng xoy
y bng hi nghing 3 - 5, thn tr H = 0,8D, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
69
n tt nghip
h2
Th tch thng:
V=
D 2
H = 0,628D3
4
Th tch dch sau un hoa: 19,45 m3

H s y ca thng l 75%, th tch thng cn t l:
19,45
= 25,93 (m3)
0,75
Ta c: 0,628D3 = 25,93 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,45 m

Quy chun: D = 3,5m. H = 2,8m; h2 = 0,53m.
Thnh thng dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 3,51m
Th tch thc ca thng:
V = 0,628D3 = 0,628.3,53 = 26,93(m3).
9. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh
Dch ng lm lnh nhanh bng my lnh trao i nhit kiu tm bn. Vt
liu ch to thng l cc tm thp hp kim Cr-Ni mng. Thit b trao i nhit kiu ny
bao gm cc tm kim loi mng xp li vi nhau v gia chng l dch ng v tc
nhn lnh i ngc chiu nhau. m bo s trao i nhit tt nht cn :
dy ca tm kim loi phi mng 0,8 mm.
Cc np gp gia cc tm bn phi nh.
Lng dch ng em i lm lnh nhanh l : 18673 lt. Thi gian lm lnh l 60
pht. Hiu sut lm lnh l 85%. Vy nng sut my lnh l:
N = 18673 : 0,85 = 21968 (lt/h)
Ta s dng my lnh 2 cp: Cp 1 vi tc nhn l nc thng.
Cp 2 vi tc nhn lnh l glycol.
Cp 1:
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n tt nghip
Nhit nc vo : 250C.
Nhit nc ra :450C.
Nhit dch vo: 900C.
Nhit dch ra : 600C.
Ban u,dch c nhit 900C i qua tc nhn lnh l nc c nhit 250C, sau qu
trnh trao i nhit v lm lnh th dch c nhit 600C v nc c nhit 450C. Vy
lng nhit cn l:
Q = G x C x ( t2 t1)
Trong : G : Khi lng dch lm lnh mt m nu :
G = 18673 x 1,048 = 19569,3 (kg)
C: T nhit ca dch. Tra s tay ta c C = 0,92 kcal/kg 0C.
t1 : nhit trc ca dch : 900C.
t2 : nhit sau qu trnh trao i : 600C.
Nh vy ta c:
Q = 19569,3 x 0,92 x ( 90 60 ) = 540112,8 (kcal)
Thi gian lm ngui bng nc l 30 pht. Vy lng nhit cp cho 1 gi l :
Q1 = 540112,8 x 60 : 30 = 1080225,6 ( kcal/h)
Tnh b mt truyn nhit
Q1
F=
K x t
Tnh K: H s dn nhit qua thnh. Chn K = 450 (kcal/m2h0C)
Tnh t
Thc cht hnh thc trao i nhit y l trao i nhit gin tip qua tm bn.
Ta c :
t1- t2
ttb =
2,3 x lg t1/t2
t1 : hiu s ln nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t1 = 90 45 = 45 (0C)
t2 : Hiu s nh nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
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n tt nghip
t2 = 60 25 = 35 ( 0C)
Vy ta c :
ttb =
45- 35
= 39,84 0C
2,3 x lg 45/35
Tnh F
Din tch b mt truyn nhit :
Q1
F=
1080225,6
= 60,25 (m2)
=
k t
450 x 39,84
H s an ton 1,2 nn din tch truyn nhit thc l:

Ft = 60,25 x 1,2 = 72,3 (m2)
Din tch truyn nhit ca mi tm bn l
f = 0,2 x 0,55 = 0,11 (m2)
S tm bn l :
Nb = Ft : f = 72,3 : 0,11 = 657 ( tm )
Cp 2 : Tc nhn l glycol
Nhit glycol vo l : -80C.
Nhit glycol ra l : 20C.
Nhit dch vo l : 600C.
Nhit dch ra l : 140C.
Dch ng vo trong my lnh vi tc nhn lnh l glycol. Nhit trc khi vo
my lnh ca dch ng l 600C, nc c nhit : -80C.Ra khi my lnh nhit nc
tng ln 20C.Lng nhit cn l :
Q = G x C x ( t2 t1)
G : Khi lng dch ca 1 m nu : 19569,3 (kg)
C: T nhit ca dch. Tra s tay ta c C = 0,92 kcal/kg 0C.
t1 : nhit trc ca dch : 600C.
t2 : nhit sau qu trnh trao i : 140C.
Nh vy ta c:
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Q = 19569,3 x 0,92 x (60 14 ) = 828173 (kcal)

Thi gian lm ngui bng glycol l 45 pht. Vy lng nhit cp cho 1 gi l :
Q1 = 828173 x 60 : 45 = 1104230 ( kcal/h)
Tnh b mt truyn nhit
Q1
F=
K x t
Tnh K :H s dn nhit qua thnh. Chn K =1200 (kcal/m2h0C)
Tnh t
Thc cht hnh thc trao i nhit y l trao i nhit gin tip qua tm bn.
t1- t2
Ta c ttb =
2,3 x lg t1/t2
t1 : hiu s ln nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t1 = 60 2 = 58 (0C)
t2 : Hiu s nh nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t2 = 14- (-8) = 22 ( 0C)
Vy ta c :
58- 22
= 37,18 0C
Ta c ttb =
2,3 x lg 58/22
Tnh F
Din tch b mt truyn nhit :
Q1
1104230
F=
=
= 24,75 (m2)
k t
1200 x 37,18
H s an ton 1,2 nn din tch truyn nhit thc l:
Ft = 24,75 x 1,2 = 29,7 (m2)
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Din tch truyn nhit ca mi tm bn l

f = 0,2 x 0,55 = 0,11 (m2)
S tm bn l :
Nb = Ft : f = 29,7 : 0,11 = 270 ( tm )
Vy, ta chn my lm lnh nhanh 2 cp kiu tm bn :
Cp 1 lm lnh bng tc nhn nc thng gm 657 tm.
Cp 2 lm lnh bng tc nhn glycol gm 270 tm.
Kch thc my: di 2000mm, rng 700mm, cao 1600mm
10. Thng nc nng
Chn thng cha nc nng v nc lnh c th tch nh nhau, thng thn tr
H = 1,5D, y bng, np chm cu nh ln: h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch thng l:
D 2
D 2
H =
1,5 D = 1,178D3
4
4
Mt m nu bia chai lng nc s dng l:
Nc nu cho: 3,55 (m3)
Nc ng ho: 11,9 (m3)
Nc ra b: 5,24 (m3)
Nc v sinh khong 8% th tch ni ln nht l ni hoa:
0,08. 30,4 = 2,43 (m3)
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia chai l:
3,55 + 11,9 + 5,24 + 2,43 = 23,12 (m3)
*Vi bia hi lng nc s dng l:
Nc nu cho: 2,94 (m3)
Nc ng ho: 8,34 (m3)
Nc ra b: 9,63 (m3)
Nc v sinh: 2,43 m3
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia hi l:
2,94 + 8,34 + 9,63 + 2,43 = 23,34 (m3)
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Nh vy lng nc cn s dng cho mt m nu ln nht l 23,34 m 3 tnh

theo bia hi. Ta ly mi thng cha lng nc dng cho 2 m nu, tc l cha
c:
2 23,34 = 46,68 (m3)
Th tch cha ca thng 85%, th tch thng cn t:
46,68
= 54,92 (m3)
0,85
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 54,92m3 Suy ra: D = 3,6m.

Quy chun: D = 3,8m. H = 5,7m; h2 = 0,38m.
Th tch thc ca thng:
V = 1,178D3 = 1,178.3,83 = 64,6(m3).
thng nc nng, nc c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi nc bo
ho cp qua ng ng xon rut g.
Lp v bo n dy 100mm. ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 4,0m.
11. H thng cip nu
H thng CIP nu gm:
1 thng NaOH 2% nng
1 thng nc clo 10%
1thng HNO3 0,1%

Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h 1 =
0,1D, np cu h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch mi thng:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H
+
(
+
)
1
,
5
D
+
+
V=
=
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5 8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho thng nu hoa
l thng c th tch ln nht 30,4m3, th tch s dng ca thng l 80% th th tch cc
thng CIP cn t:
0,08.30,4/0,8 = 3,04(m3).
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 3,04(m3). Suy ra: D = 1,36(m).
Th tch thc ca mi thng:
V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.1,43 = 3,34(m3)
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Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 1,41m
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II. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men

1. Tank ln men
Chn tank ln men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn y l
60, np cu h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha
dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,5D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,744D
h4
h3
D
h2
h1
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
Vhi =
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,5 D +
) = 1,405D3
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b chim 15% tng th tch c th cha ca

thng, ta c:
Vtr =
15
D 2
Vhi = 0,248 D3
h3 =
85
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,316D

Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,653D3
ng vi mt m nu th tch dch a i ln men l: 18,2 m3
Ta s dng thng ln men c th cha c lng dch ng vi 6 m nu, tc
l c th tch hu ch t:
6. 18,2 = 109,2 (m3)
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n tt nghip
Ta c: 1,405D3 = 109,2 (m3) Suy ra: D = 4,27 (m)

Quy chun: D = 4,3 m; h1 = 3,2m; h2 = 6,45m; h3 = 1,36m; h4 = 0,43m
Th tch thc ca thit b l:
V = 1,653D3 = 1,653.4,33 = 131,42(m3)
Tank ln men c lp o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca
tank l: Dng = 4,5m
Mt ngy nu lng dch ng c cha vo 1 tank ln men, chu k ln men
ko di 21 ngy i vi sn phm bia chai. Bn cnh cn cn thi gian khong 1 ngy
lc dch ng, v sinh tank Do s tank cng s dng l 22 tank, cng vi 2
tank d tr th s tank ln men cn l 24 tank.
2. Thit b nhn ging cp II
Chn thit b nhn ging cp II l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc
cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu
cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
Vhi =
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(D +
) = 1,012D3
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c:

Vtr =
D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D

Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/10 th tch dch ln men trong 1 tank ln
men:
0,1.109,2 = 10,92(m3)
Ta c: Vhi = 1,012D3 = 10,92 (m3) Suy ra: D = 2,2(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,2m; h1 =1,91m ; h2 = 2,2m; h3 = 0,57m; h4 = 0,22m
V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.2,23 = 12,9(m3)
Thng nhn ging c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi
ca thit b l: Dng = 2,4m.
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n tt nghip
3. Thit b nhn ging cp I

Chn thit b nhn ging cp I l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc
cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu
cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
h1
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
(
h
+
)
(D +
) = 1,012D3
Vhi =
=
2
4
3
4
3

D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
Vtr =
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D

Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/3 th tch dch nhn men cp II:
10,92/3 = 3,64 (m3)
Ta c: 1,012D3 = 3,64(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,53(m)
Quy chun: D = 1,6m; h1 = 1,39m; h2 = 1,6m; h3 = 0,41m; h4 = 0,16m
Th tch thc ca thit b:
V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.1,63 =5,0(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng kinh ngoi ca thit b
l: Dng = 1,8m.
4. Thit b ra men sa kt lng
Chn thit b ra men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn y
l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3, phn
tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
h1
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + ) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D3
Vhi =
4
3
4
3

Vtr =
D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D

79
n tt nghip
Lng sa men kt lng ng vi 100l bia l 2l, vi 1 tank ln men c th tch

dch l 109,2m3 th th tch sa men kt lng l:
109200
2 = 2184 (l)
100
Th tch hu ch ca thit b ra men phi gp 2 ln th tch men thu hi, tc l

khong:
2 . 2184 = 4368 (l)
Ta c: 1,169D3 = 4,368(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,55(m)
Quy chun: D = 1,6m; h1 = 1,39m; h2 = 1,92m; h3 = 0,60m; h4 = 0,16m
V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.1,63 = 6,0(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b
l: Dng = 1,8m.
5. Thit b hot ho men
Chn thit b hot ho men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3,
phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
h1
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + ) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D3
Vhi =
4
3
4
3

Vtr =
D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D

Thit b phi cha c lng dch bng 1/100 th tch dch ln men ng vi 1
tank ln men:
0,01.109,02 = 1,09 (m3)
Ta c: 1,169D3 = 1,09(m3) Suy ra: D = 0,98 (m)
Quy chun: D = 1m; h1 = 0,87m; h2 = 1,2m; h3 = 0,37m; h4 = 0,1m
V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.13 = 1,5(m3)
80
n tt nghip
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b

l: Dng = 1,2m
6. H thng cip lnh:
H thng CIP lnh gm:
1 thng NaOH 2%
1 thng Trimeta HC 2%
1 thng P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h 1 =
0,1D, np cu h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch mi thng:
V=
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5-8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho 1 tank ln men
c th tch 131,42 (m3), h s s dng ca cc thng CIP l 80% th th tch mi thng
cn t:
0,08.131,42/0,8 = 13,14(m3)
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 13,14(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,2(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,2m; H = 3,3m; h1 = 0,22m; h2 = 0,22m
Th tch thc ca mi thng:
V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.2,23 = 13,0(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 2,21m
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin

1. Thit b lc trong bia
Nng sut dy chuyn c tnh :
100000 : 24 = 4167 (l/h) ~ 41,7hl/h
Chn my lc khung bn c cng sut 50 hl/h, ch to theo tiu chun EU.
Yu cu k thut :
+ Nng sut lc : 50 hl/h
+ My 1 cp lc : lc tinh
81
n tt nghip
+ Kch thc my lc : L x H x B = 4500 x 1450 x 1350 mm

+ Kch thc tm lc : L x n x B = 13 x 990 x 990 mm
Phn thn my c lm bng thp khng r v ph kn bng mt li thp khng
r. Cc tm lc c nn bng xi lanh thy lc, cc tm lc c ch to bng thp
khng r loi 14301
Cc chi tit ni : u c lm bng thp khng r theo tiu chun D.I.N
u vo my lc c van cnh bm, u ra my lc c knh quan st
2. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2
tng tr, bo ho CO2 v n nh bia sau lc ta s dng 4 thng cha thn
tr ng knh D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D, np cu: h2 = 0,1D, chiu cao thn tr: H = 1,5D.
Th tch ca thit b:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6
Th tch hu ch ca thit b chim 85% tng th tch ca thit b:

Vhi = 0,85V = 1,035D3
Lng bia sau lc ng vi mt tank ln men cng chnh l ng vi mt ngy
nu l: 103,8 (m3), do mi tank tng tr phi cha c:
103,8/4 = 25,95 (m3).
Ta c: Vhi = 1,035D3 = 25,95(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,93(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,0m; h1 = 0,3m; h2 = 0,3m; H = 4,5m
V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.3,03 = 32,9(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b:
Dng = 3,2m
3. H thng chit bock
Lng bia hi ln nht mt ngy sn xut l: 100 000(l)
Chn bock c dung tch 50(l) th s bock s dng trong ngy l:
100000/50 = 2000(bock)
* My ra bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut ca my ra bock
cn t:
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n tt nghip
2000
= 209(bock/h)
12 0,8
Chn my ra bock c thng s k thut:

Nng sut: 215 bock/h
Kch thc: 1,5m 2,2m 2,1m
Nhit nc nng: 50 55C
Tn hao nc nng: 6 m3/h 0,4 at
Tn hao nc ngui: 2 m3/h 0,4 at
Cng sut ng c: 2,5 kW

* My chit bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my chit bock cn
t:
100000
= 10417(l/h)
12 0,8
Chn my chit bock thng s k thut:

Nng sut 11000 l/h
Kch thc my: 4,15m 1,6m 3,85m
S vi chit: 3
Khong cch gia 2 vi: 1,4m
Cng sut: 0,8 kW
p sut d: 0,7 at
4. H thng chit chai
Lng bia chai ln nht mt ngy sn xut l 100 000(l)
Chn chai c dung tch 450ml th s chai cn dng mt ngy l:
100000
= 222223(chai)
0,45
Ngy lm vic 24h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my cn t:

222223
= 11575(chai/h)
24 0,8
* My ra chai
Chn my ra chai c thng s k thut:
83
n tt nghip
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h

Kch thc: 6,5m 3,44m 2,8m
Th tch b cha kim: 8m3
ng knh van xi kim: 35mm

Chu k mt vng: 12,9 pht
Thi gian ngh: 1,9 pht
S bm: 2 chic
Nng sut bm: 10 m3/h
Cng sut ng c: 7 kW
* My chit chai
Chn my chit chai c thng s k thut:
Kch thc: 3,3m 3m 3,2m
p sut kh nn: 2,5 bar

p sut nc cp ca bm cao p: 1 2 bar
p sut CO2 vo: 2,5 3 bar
chn khng: 0,85 0,97 bar

* My dp nt chai.
Nng sut ca my dp nt chai ph thuc vo nng sut ca my chit chai, bi
vy ta chn my dp nt Y6 c cc thng s sau:
Nng sut :
15000 np chai/h
S ng ng cng 1 lc :
15 ng
p sut kh :
2,5kg/cm2
Cng sut ng c :
4,5Kw
S vng quay trc dn ng
550vng/pht
p lc ng nt
60kg/cm2
Kch thc :
3500 x 2000 x 1800 mm
S lng my :
1 chic
84
n tt nghip
* Thit b thanh trng :

Chn thit b thanh trng l hm thanh trng (tunel) c thng s k thut:
Kch thc 18m 2,7m 2,2m
Cng sut lp t 4,1 kW, s dng in p 3 pha: 400V, 50Hz
p sut kh nn: 6 7 bar, 150 l/ph
Hi 3 4 bar, 6 8 m3/h
Ting n: < 70db

Thng s hot ng:
Tc bng ti chnh: 0,339 m/ph
Nhit u vo: 4C
Nhit nc cp: 18C
Nhit nc u ra: 25 36C
Chu k chai vo ra khi my l: 62 pht
Chu k hot ng: 60 pht (Trong thi gian gia nhit 27 pht, gi nhit 10
pht, h nhit 23 pht).
Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi khoang phun nc nng mt nhit khc
nhau.
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C
* My dn nhn
Chn my dn nhn c thng s k thut:
85
n tt nghip

Kch thc my: 3,56m 1,2m 1,5m
Tc quay: 15 v/ph
Cng sut ng c: 0,8 kW
Trng lng my: 300 kg
S dng keo Krones hay Eticol 6300
* My bn ch
Chn my bn ch c thit b cm bin, iu khin t ng
* My xp kt
Chn my xp kt
Mt kt cha c 20 chai, my xp kt cn t nng sut:
11575
= 579(kt/h)
20
Chn my xp kt c thng s k thut:

Nng sut: 1000 kt/h
Kch thc my: 1,5m 1m 2,5m
* My ra kt
Chn my ra kt c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 1000 kt/h
Kch thc my: 4m 0,7m 1,5m
* Cc thit k v trang b ph tr:
Cc ni nu, tank, thng cha u c thit k cc ng ng vo ra, qu cu
CIP, ca quan st, v sinh, cp ho cht. Cc thit b c v o hi c trang b ng
h o p sut hi, cm bin o nhit nu. Cc tank ln men, nhn men c trang
b ng h o p lc CO2, cm bin o nhit .
Cc thit b c kch thc v khi lng khng qu ln c thit k cc chn
bng thp, cc thit b c kch thc v khi lng ln nh tank ln men, thng cha
nc c t trn b b tng. Cc v tr thao tc trn cao c thit k sn thao tc
thp hn khong 75cm, c cu thang ln xung thun tin trong qu trnh sn xut.
Ngoi ra cc ni nu cn c thit k ng hi c ng knh 30cm bng
khong 1/10 ng knh cc ni nu, thit k ny nhm mc ch to dng hi bc ln
mnh trnh s nhim tp c bit l trong giai on lng xoy.
86
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Cc thng ra men, hot ho men, nhn men cn c trang b cnh khuy

nhiu tng, thng ra men c trang b cn in t.
Dy chuyn chit chai c thit k h thng xch ti vn chuyn chai c trang
b h thng phun nc bi trn, t trn cc chn c mng hng nc.
87
n tt nghip
Phn V: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh

my
A. Phn tch v la chn a im xy dng
Cn c vo mc ch thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm em la chn
a im xy dng nh my nm trong khu cng nghip Quang Minh thuc tnh Vnh
Phc. Chn khu t xy dng nh my l khu t hnh vung, c kch thc 24000 m2
Khu cng nghip Quang Minh l khu cng nghip tp trung c din tch rng tng
din tch ln ti 850 ha. Khu cng nghip ny c qui hoch xy dng, giai on u
345 ha, giai on 2 tng thm 402 ha v giai on 3 s tng thm 100 ha. Tnh Vnh
Phc ang ku gi u t cho khu cng nghip vo cc d n: sn xut ph tng c kh,
in t, in lnh, trang thit b ni tht, sn xut ch bin lng thc thc phm v
ti y c mt s nh my sn xut v ch bin thc phm c xy dng trong
c mt s nh my i vo hot ng. Do vic xy dng nh my bia y l ph hp
vi qui hoch cm kinh t cng nghip c cc cp c thm quyn ph duyt.
V mt giao thng y l ni giao nhau gia ng cao tc Bc Thng Long Ni
Bi v tuyn ng st H Ni Lo Cai. Khu cng nghip nm ngay cnh ng cao
tc Bc Thng Long Ni Bi, cch sn bay Ni Bi 5 km v cch trung tm thnh ph
H Ni 20 km. Trong khu cng c ga ng st tuyn H Ni Lo Cai. Bn cnh
cn c cc tuyn giao thng quan trng nh quc l 18, quc l 2. Theo quc l 18 th
khu cng nghip ny cch cng Hi Phng v cng Ci Ln (Qung Ninh) khong 150
km. Nh vy v tr t nh my s rt thun li v mt giao thng.
S thun li v mt giao thng cng s m bo thng sut cho s vn chuyn
nguyn liu, nhin liu t cc ngun cung cp cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my.
Ngun in nng ca nh my s dng ly t mng li in quc gia cung cp cho c
khu cng nghip m bo n nh. Vi nn a cht v mch nc ngm n nh nh
my c th s dng ngun nc t h thng ging khoan v x l t yu cu cng
ngh.
Trong khu cng nghip ny v cc khu cng nghip gn nh khu cng nghip
Bc Thng Long, khu cng nghip Ni Bi c mt s cng ty nh my trong lnh vc
xy lp v vt liu xy dng hot ng nn nh my mi xy dng s rt thun li trong
88
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vic la chn nh cung cp vt liu cng nh thc hin vn chuyn lp t nh xng,

my mc thit b.
Cc khu dn c xung quanh, hay rng hn l cc tnh thnh ln cn, c bit l
khong cch khng xa ti trung tm thnh ph H Ni cng vi s thun li v mt giao
thng s m bo th trng phn phi, tiu th cho sn phm ca nh my. iu ny
cng s m bo ngun nhn cng k c nhng lao ng c tay ngh hay nhng chuyn
gia c trnh cao cho cng tc gim st vn hnh khi nh my i vo hot ng.
Nh vy a im la chn tha mn cc yu cu chung i vi mt nh my
cng nghip.
i vi yu cu v k thut xy dng: Khu vc ny l gip ranh gia tnh Vnh
Phc v thnh ph H Ni, nm v tr trung tm ca ng bng sng Hng c kh hu
nhit i gi ma in hnh, phn ha theo ma r rt, t chu nh hng ca gi bo.
Hng gi ch o y l gi ng Nam em hi nc t bin vo nn nh thit k
quay mt chnh ra hng ng Nam. Ni y c a hnh tng i bng phng, cao
ro, nn t t nhin l t st pha ct, c cng chu lc 2,0 kg/cm2, iu kin thy
vn v nn a cht n nh khng thuc min t gy hay chu tc ng ca ni la,
khu vc ny cng khng c cc m khong sn hay m kh thin nhin. Nhng iu ny
m bo yu cu v k thut xy dng ca nh my.
i vi yu cu v mi trng v sinh cng nghip: Nh my t trong khu vc
qui hoch ca khu cng nghip nn c cch ly trnh gy tc ng trc tip n khu
dn c, cc cng trnh cng cng hay cc di tch lch s v danh lam thng cnh trong
din c bo tn. Tuy nhin bo v mi trng sinh thi v pht trin bn vng
nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my khng c thi trc tip ra mi trng
xung quanh. Yu cu ny c th c tha mn vi thit k cho nh my mt trm x l
nc thi, v nc thi ca nh my sau khi qua x l gim mc nhim, t tiu
chun ca nc thi loi B mi c vo h thng thot nc thi chung ca khu
cng nghip.
B. Thit k tng mt bng nh my

Cn c vo s dy chuyn cng ngh em xy dng s cng ngh khi tng
th nh my
89
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Trm in
Trm x l
nc cp
Nhp
nguyn liu
Kho nguyn
liu
Nghin
nguyn liu
L hi
Than
Nu
Ph phm
Ln men
B phn cp
men
Lc v tng
tr bia
B phn thu
hi CO2
Chit chai,
chit bock
Chai, bock ti
s dng
H thng lnh
Kho tng tr
sn phm
Xut sn
phm
Khu x l
nc thi
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C.Thit k tng mt bng nh my.

1/Kho nguyn liu:
Lng nguyn liu s dng ti a trong mt ngy l:
malt + go = 15590 + 3900= 19490 (kg)
Xy dng nh kho nguyn liu dng cha trong mt thng (25 ngy sn
xut).
Vy lng nguyn liu cn d tr trong mt thng l:
19490 x 25 = 487250 (kg)
Malt v go c ng trong cc bao 50 (kg), c 1m2 din tch nh kho cha
c 2 bao. Cc bao xp thnh 10 chng.
Vy mi m2 xp c mt lng nguyn liu l:
2 x 10 x 50 = 1000 (kg)
Din tch ca kho nguyn liu l:
487250
= 487,25(m 2)
1000
H s s dng ca kho l 0,8. Vy din tch thc ca nh kho l:

487 ,25
= 609(m 2 )
0,8
Chn nh kho c kch thc nh sau:

+ Chiu rng: 18(m)
+ Chiu di: 36(m)
+ Din tch: 648 (m2)
+ Chiu cao: 10,8(m)
2/Nh sn xut chnh

Nh sn xut chnh bao gm 3 khu: khu nghin nguyn liu, khu nu v khu CIP
(cho c ln men v nu). Ba khu ny c ngn cch nhau bi tng.
Cc phn c b tr trong nh sn xut chnh:
STT Tn thit b
1
Phng nhn men
2
My nghin malt
Kch thc (m) S lng

6x6
1
1 x 0,8
1
Din tch(m2)
36
0,8
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1,8 x 1,6
0,5 x 0,8
D= 2,4
D= 3,6
D= 3,7
D= 4
D= 3,51
2 x 0,7
D= 4
D= 1,41
D= 1,8
D= 2,4
D= 1,8
D= 2,21
4,5 x 5
My nghin go
Gu ti
Ni h ho
Ni dng ho
Ni lc y bng
Ni nu hoa
Thng lng xoy
My lnh nhanh
Thng nc nu
CIP nu
Thit b gy men cp 1
Thit b gy men cp 2
Thit b ra men
CIP ln men
Phng iu hnh nu
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2,88
0,8
4,52
10,17
10,75
12,56
9,68
1,4
12,56
4,68
2,54
4,52
2,54
11,5
22,5
Vy ta c tng din tch t chc sn xut l:

16
S = S i = 151,2(m 2 )
i =1
Mi thit b t cch nhau 0,5-1m, cch tng 0.5-1m nn tng din tch t chc
sn xut v thao tc l :
Stc = 151,2 + 20 = 171,2 (m2)
Din tch t chc sn xut chim 60% din tch yu cu ca nh sn xut chnh.
Vy din tch yu cu ca nh sn xut chnh l:
S yc =
S tc 171,2
=
= 285,33(m 2 )
0,6
0,6
Din tch giao thng c bit chim 20% din tch yu cu. Vy din tch giao
thng c bit l:
S gt = 0,2 S yc = 0,2 285,33 = 57,07(m 2 )
Din tch m rng nh my chim 20% din tch yu cu. Vy din tch m rng
l:
Smr = 57,07(m2)
Vy tng din tch thit k nh sn xut chnh l:
S sx = S yc + S gt + S mr= 285,33+ 57,07 + 57,07 = 399,47 (m2)
Chn nh sn xut chnh c kch thc sau:

+ Chiu rng: 18 (m)
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+ Chiu di: 30 (m)

+ Din tch: 540 (m2)
+ Chiu cao nh: 8 ( m)
3/Khu ln men
khu ln men ny ch b tr cc thng ln men, c tt c 24 thng ln men, vi
ng knh mi thng l 4,5(m).
Vy din tch t chc sn xut l:
Stc = 24
3,14
4,5 2 = 381,51(m2)
4
Din tch t chc sn xut chim 60% din tch yu cu ca khu sn xut chnh.
Vy din tch yu cu ca khu ln men l:
Syc=
381,51
= 545(m 2 )
0, 7
thng c bit l:
Sgt = 0,2 545= 109 (m2)
l:
Smr= 0,2 545= 109 (m2)
Vy tng din tch thit k khu ln men l:
Ssx= Syc+Sgt+Smr
= 545 + 109+ 109= 763 (m2)
Chn khu ln men c kch thc sau:
+ Chiu rng: 23 (m)
+ Chiu di: 33,4 (m)
+ Din tch: 768,2 (m2)
4/Nh hon thin sn phm

Nh hon thin sn phm bao gm cc thit b :
STT
1
Tn thit b
My ra bock
Kch thc (m)

1,5 x 2,2
S lng
1
Din tch (m2)

3,3
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
My chit bock
My ra chai
My chit chai
My thanh trng
My dn nhn
Bng ti
My dp nt
ng lc
Tank tang tr v bo
ha CO2
Khu xp bock, kt
4,15 x 1,6
6,5 x 3,44
3,5 x 2
10 x 2,7
3,56 x 1,2
70 0,7
3,3 x 3
D= 0,6
D= 3,2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
6,64
22,36
7
27
4,272
49
9,9
0,56
16,08
70
Vy ta c tng din tch t chc sn xut l:

10
S tc = S i = 216,112(m 2 )
i =1
Din tch t chc sn xut chim 70% din tch yu cu ca nh sn xut chnh.
Vy din tch yu cu ca nh sn xut chnh l:
S yc =
Stc 216,112
=
=308, 73( m2 )
0, 7
0, 7
thng c bit l:
S gt = 0, 2 Syc = 0, 2 308, 73 = 61, 75( m2 )
l:
2
Smr = 0, 2 S yc = 0, 2 308, 73 = 61, 75(m )
V khu hon thin cn nhiu din tch cho cng nhn thao tc hn cc nh
khc( xp, gi kt bock, soi chai) ta thm din tch thao tc bng 50% din tch t
chc sn xut
Stt= 0,5 x 308,73 = 154,36(m2)
Vy tng din tch l:
S= 308,73 + 61,75 + 61,75 + 154,36= 586,6(m2)
Chn nh hon thin sn phm c kch thc sau:
+ Chiu rng: 18(m)
+ Chiu di : 36(m)
+ Chiu cao : 8 (m)
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5/Kho cha bia thnh phm

Lng bock dng trong 1 ngy l 2000, cha trong 3 ngy. Mi m2 cha 4 bock,
xp thnh 4 chng
Vy din tch xp bock
Sb=
3 2000
= 375(m 2 )
4 4
Mi ngy ta sn xut c 222223 chai bia, mi kt xp c 24 chai

S kt l:
222223
= 9260 (kt)
24
Mi m2 cha c 6 kt, xp thnh 10 chng. Vy din tch xp kt l:

Sk =
9260
= 154,33(m 2 )
10 6
Sb+Sk= 375 + 154,33 = 529,33 (m2)

H s s dng l 0,8. Vy din tch yu cu l:
Syc=
529,33
= 661,66 (m2)
0,8
Din tch giao thng c bit:

Sgt= 661,66 0,2= 132,33 (m2)
Din tch m rng:
Smr= 661,66 0,2= 132,33 (m2)
Tng din tch kho cha sn phm l:
S= 661,66 + 132,33 + 132,33 = 926,32 (m2)
Chn nh cha bia thnh phm c kch thc sau:
+ Chiu rng: 25(m)
+ Chiu di: 40(m)
6/Kho cha bock v kt
Chn nh cha bock c kch thc nh sau:
+ Chiu rng: 24 (m)
+ Chiu di: 12 (m)
+ Din tch: 288 (m2)
95
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7/Nh xe:
S lng ngi trong nh my khong 150 ngi, trong s cn b v cng
nhn trong mt ca l: 65 ngi.
Trong 60 ngi, c khong 80% i xe my cn 20% i xe p. C 1 xe my
chim din tch 2,25 (m2), 1 xe p chim 0,9 (m2).
Vy din tch nh xe l:
S= 0,8 65 2,25 + 0,2 65 0,9 = 128,7(m2)
Chn nh xe c kch thc nh sau:
+ Chiu rng: 9 (m)
+ Chiu di: 15 (m)
+ Din tch: 135 (m2)
8/Gara t:
Chn gara t c kch thc nh sau:
+ Chiu rng: 12(m)
+ Chiu di: 24(m)
9/Nh hnh chnh-hi trng-phng hp:
Cc cng trnh ny, c xy dng theo kiu hp khi v c thit k 2 tng.
Nh my bao gm 1 G v 2 PG, chim 54 m2.
S cn b l 15 m c 1 ngi chim din tch l 3,5m2. Nh vy, h chim mt
din tch l:
15 3,5 = 52,5(m 2 )
S cn b k thut l 9, c 1 ngi chim 9m2. Vy h chim mt din tch l:

9 9 = 81(m 2 )
Tng s cng nhn v cn b trong nh my l 165 ngi, vy din tch hi

trng (1 ngi chim 0,7m2/1ch) l:
165 0,7=115,5(m2)
Phng hp ch dnh cho cn b, chn phng hp c din tch l 72m2.
Vy tng din tch ca nh hnh chnh l:
S= 54+52,5+81+115,5+72=375(m2)
V xy nh 2 tng, nn din tch 1 tng l:
96
n tt nghip
Shc=
375
= 187,5(m 2 )
2
Chn nh c kch thc nh sau:

+ Chiu rng: 9m
+ Chiu di: 24m
+ Din tch: 216m2
10/Bp-nh n:
Chn nh c kch thc nh sau:
+ Chiu rng: 9m
+ Chiu di: 18m
+ Din tch: 162m2
11/Nh v sinh:
C 20 cng nhn 1 mt phng v sinh c din tch 3m2. Lm 2 phng, 1 phng
cho nam v 1 phng cho n. Vi s cng nhn trong mt ca l 65 ngi th din tch nh
v sinh l:
S= 3 2
65
= 19,5(m 2 )
20
Chn nh v sinh c kch thc nh sau:

+ Chiu rng: 6m
+ Chiu di: 6m
+ Din tch: 36m2
12/Trm bin p:
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 6m
+ Din tch: 72m2
13/Phn xng cp kh nn v thu hi CO2:
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 18m
+ Din tch: 216m2
97
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14/Xng c in:
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 18m
+ Din tch: 216m2
15/Phng KCS
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 12m
+ Din tch: 144m2
16/Khu cha b:
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 18m
+ Din tch: 216m2
17/Khu x l nc sch:
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 18m
+ Din tch: 216m2
18/Khu x l nc thi:
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 21m
+ Din tch: 252m2
19/Phn xng hi:
+ Chiu rng: 12m
+ Chiu di: 18m
+ Din tch: 216m2
20/Bi than:
+ Chiu rng: 9m
+ Chiu di: 9m
98
n tt nghip
+ Din tch: 81m2

21/Phng bo v:
Thit k 2 phng bo v 2 cng ca nh my, mi phng c kch thc nh
sau:
+ Chiu rng: 6m
+ Chiu di: 6m
+ Din tch: 36m2
22/Nh gii thiu sn phm:
+ Chiu rng: 6m
+ Chiu di: 12m
+ Din tch: 72m2
23/Phng y t:
+ Chiu rng: 6m
+ Chiu di: 9m
+ Din tch: 54m2
Bng tng hp cc hng mc cng trnh
STT
Tn hng mc
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Kho nguyn liu

Nh sn xut chnh
Khu ln men
Nh hon thin sn phm
Kho cha thnh phm
Kho cha bock v kt
Nh xe
Gara t
Nh hnh chnh-hi trng-phng hp
Bp-nh n
Nh v sinh
Trm bin p
Phn xng cp kh nn v thu hi CO2
Xng c in
Phng KCS
Kch thc
(m)
18 x 36
18 x 30
23 x 33,4
18 x 36
25 x 40
12 x 24
9 x 15
12 x 24
9 x 24
9 x 18
6x6
6 x 12
12 x 18
12 x 18
12 12
Din tch
(m2)
648
540
768,2
648
1000
288
135
288
216
162
36
72
216
216
144
99
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16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Khu cha b malt

Khu x l nc sch
Khu x l nc thi
Phn xng hi
Bi cha than
Phng bo v
Nh gii thiu sn phm
Phng y t
Tng din tch cc hng mc
12 x 18
12 x 18
12 x 21
12 x 18
9x9
2(6x6)
6 x 12
6x9
216
216
252
216
81
72
72
54
6556
D. Gii php thit k tng mt bng nh my

Khi thit k tng mt bng nh my, em da trn c s l m bo s thun li
trong qu trnh sn xut t c hiu qu cao nht. ng thi m bo v sinh cng
nghip theo ng tiu chun cng nghip, cng nh to c thm m p v hi ho
khng nhng cho nh my m cn cho c khu cng nghip. Hin nay, tn ti hai gii
php thit k tng mt bng nh my l: gii php phn vng v gii php hp khi.
Do c th ca nh my, em chn gii php phn vng thit k tng mt bng
nh my. Gii php ny c nhng u im sau:
+ D dng to thnh cc khu sn xut c lp.
+ Hn ch s nh hng v sinh cng nghip.
+ D dng m rng nh my, khi cn tng nng sut.
+ Thch hp vi iu kin kh hu Vit Nam.
+ D dng qun l theo khu sn xut.
Theo gii php thit k ny, em chia nh my thnh 3 vng nh sau:
1.Vng trc nh my:
Vng ny em b tr cc hng mc sau: nh hnh chnh-hi trng-phng hp,
phng bo v, nh n, nh xe, trm y t, nh gii thiu sn phm. Cc hng mc ny
c b tr dc theo chiu di nh my, u hng gi, chim din tch khong 7% tng
din tch nh my.
2.Vng sn xut:
Gm cc hng mc nh: nh sn xut chnh, khu ln men, nh hon thin sn
phm v kho cha thnh phm. Cc hng mc b tr gia nh my, sau vng trc nh
my, cng ko di dc theo chiu di nh my.
100
n tt nghip
3.Vng sau nh my:

Vng ny b tr cc hng mc cn li trong nh my bao gm: kho cha bock,
trm bin p, khu nn kh v thu hi CO2, xng c in, nh v sinh, khu cha b, khu
x l nc sch, khu x l nc thi v khu l hi. c b tr sau vng sn xut,
cui hng gi.
4. Thit k phn xng sn xut chnh
4.1.c im sn xut
y ta chn phn xng sn xut chnh l phn xng nu bao gm cc giai
on:
- H ho
- ng ho
- Lc b
- Nu hoa
- Lng xoy
- Lnh nhanh
c im ca qu trnh nu l nhit tng i cao(>600C), t nguyn liu cho
n sn phm u khng c hi. Do ta nn chn nh sn xut sao cho thong mt,
cch nhit tt . T nhng iu kin nu trn em chn nh khung thp, tng gch.
4.2.Kch thc v kt cu nh
Chn khung nh cho phn xng sn xut chnh l nh m phng theo khung
thp Zamil Steel do chng c cu to n gin, d c ng, rt ngn thi gian thi cng,
m rng phn xng mt cch d dng v cng chu lc nn, un, ko ln.
Phn xng sn xut chnh ca em c kch thc 18x30(m). Da trn c im
sn xut, vn chuyn v tnh kinh t, em chn nh mt nhp 18m, bc ct 6m, c m
rng h thng li ct chng gi. Cc thit b trong phn xng c b tr theo dy,
dc theo chiu di phn xng. H thng giao thng c th hot ng theo c chiu
ngang ln chiu dc.
T cch b tr thit b, chiu cao thit b v khong khng gian cho thao tc thit
b, cng nh c im vn chuyn trong phn xng. Em chn chiu cao nh l 8m,
khng s dng cu trc v khng c kt cu ca mi.
Ngoi ra, thit k phn xng khng th thiu c vic la chn cc kt cu
sau:
101
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Kt cu bao che: bao gm tng, ca s, tm che ma nng, ca i v h thng

thot nc mi. Da trn c s cng nghip sn xut cng nh c im sn xut, em
la chn kt cu bao che nh sau:
Tng: dng loi tng gch, dy 220mm. Do chu lc tt, d thi cng, n gin,
cch m, cch nhit tt.
Ca s: chn loi ca s quay theo trc ngang gia,do chng cu to n gin,
d ng m, che ma tng i tt, c th hng gi xung thp lm mt ni lm vic
ca cng nhn. Kch thc ca ca s l 3000 x 2200mm.
Tm che ma, nng: dng tm che ngang btng ct thp loi tm che ngang c,
loi ny che nng, che ma tt.
Ca i: s dng loi ca ko hc ca: cao 4000mm v rng 4000mm.
Mi: chn mi hai dc, vi dc i = 1/10, cu to ca mi bao gm:
+ tm lp kim loi pha trn cng.
+ lp cch nhit pha di.
+ tip n l loi x g C200.
+ h thng dm mi pha di cng.
H thng thot nc mi: dng loi thot nc mi bao che bng tng gch, dy
250mm.
Kt cu sn, nn, mng, dm, cu thang:
Nn: cu to ca nn bao gm
+ gch lt nn dy 20mm.
+ btng nn chng thm, dy 100mm.
+ lp t dm chc, dy 200mm.
+ t t nhin.
Sn: dng sn bng thp dy 20mm.
Dm: dng hai loi dm l dm chnh v dm ph, dm chnh s dng loi I600,
cn dm ph dng loi I400.
Mng: dng mng c kch thc nh sau:
+ chiu di: 1500mm
+ chiu rng: 1500mm
+ cao: 300mm
Cu thang: dng cu thang thp vi dc 450, chiu cao bc 200mm, chiu di
250mm.
102
n tt nghip
5. Tnh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut

5.1.H s xy dng: Kxd
H s xy dng c xc nh nh sau:
K xd =
A+ B
S
A- tng din tch xy dng ca nh my (m2)

B- tng din tch sn bi l thin ( m2 )
S- tng din tch ca ton nh my (m2)
T tng mt bng ca nh my ta c:
A = 6556 (m2)
Nh my c mt bi than din tch 240 m2 nn B = 240 m2
Trong :
C tng din tch nh my l 24000 m2 , suy ra :

Kxd =
A + B 6556 + 240
=
= 0,28 = 28 %
24000
S
5.2. H s s dng: Ksd

Ksd =
A+ B+C
S
Trong : C l tng din tch giao thong, vn hoa, cy xanh , m

Da vo bn thit k tng mt bng nh my, ta tnh nh sau :
Din tch giao thng l: 20% 24000 = 4800 (m2)
Din tch cy xanh :
15% 24000= 3600 (m2)
Din tch h rnh, va h : 5% 24000 = 1200 (m2)

Suy ra :
C = 4800 + 3600 + 1200 = 9600 m.
Vy:
Ksd =
6556 + 240 + 9600

= 0,683 = 68,3%
24000
T kt qu thu c, ta nhn thy vic xy dng nh my nh trn l hon ton

kh khi.
103
n tt nghip
104
n tt nghip
Phn VI: Tnh ton nhu cu nng lng, nhu cu

nc ca nh my
I. Tnh nhit lnh
1. Lng nhit lnh cn cp cho thit b lnh nhanh
Lng dch ng i ln men ng vi mt m nu bia chai 182 hl, c nng
cht kh 12Bx c khi lng ring 1,048kg/l. Khi lng dch ng a i ln men:
G1 = 18200.1,048 = 19074(kg).
Dch ng sau lng xoy c nhit khong 85 90C cn c lm lnh
nhanh xung nhit ln men l 8C, t1 = 80C. iu kin ny ta ly thng s trung
bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: Cn = 4,173(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: Ct = 1,314(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca dch ng:
C1 =
100 12
12
Cn +
C t = 3,830 (kJ.kg-1.-1)
100
100
Cht ti nhit l nc c nhit 2C s c un nng ln nhit 70

75C, t2 = 70C. iu kin ny ta ly nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc: C2 =
4,173(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Khi lng nc cn lm lnh dch ng i ln men l:
G2 =
G1 C1 t1
19074 .3,830.80
=
= 20007(kg)
4,173.70
C 2 t 2
105
n tt nghip
Nc ban u c nhit 25C c lm lnh xung 2C, t = 23C. iu

kin ny nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc l: C = 4,185(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc ng vi mt m nu l:
Q = G2.C.t = 20007.4,185.23 = 1926.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc ng vi 1 ngy nu l:
QLnh nhanh = 6 Q = 11556.103(kJ)
2. Lng nhit lnh cp cho khu tank ln men

a. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men chnh
Phn ng chnh xy ra trong qu trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g 18g
184g
176g
312,3kJ
Nhit lng to ra khi ln men 1kg ng maltose l:
q=
1000
312,3 = 913,1(kJ)
342
Lng dch ng i ln men ng vi mt tank ln men bia chai l: 109,02 m3

Dch ng i ln men c nng cht kh l 12Bx, c khi lng ring
1,048 kg/l.
Khi lng dch ng a i ln men ng vi mt tank ln men bia chai l:
109020.1,048 = 114253(kg)
Trung bnh mi ngy ln men nng cht kh ca dch gim 1,5Bx, tc l
mt ngy ng vi 1tank ln men lng cht kh chuyn ho l:
G=
1,5
114253 = 1713,8(kg)
100
Coi cht kh chuyn ho y l ng maltose th nhit lng to ra ng vi

mt tank trong mt ngy giai on ln men chnh l:
Q = G.q = 1713,8.913,1 = 1564871(kJ)
Lng nhit cn phi gii to 6 tank trong giai on ln men chnh trong mt
ngy l:
Q1 = 6 Q = 9389.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh: Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
K: H s truyn nhit qua lp cch nhit K = 1,2(kJ.m-2.-1.h-1)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi thng ln men tng = 32C
106
n tt nghip
Nhit dch ln men giai on ln men chnh ttr = 8C

t = tng ttr = 24C
F: Din tch truyn nhit (m2)
Coi tn tht ch yu phn thn tr ca thng ln men ta c:
F = Dng H = 4,6 8,0 = 115,6(m2)
Qtt = K.F.t = 1,2.115,6.24 = 3329(kJ/h)
Tn tht nhit lnh trong mt ngy c 6 tank trong giai on ln men chnh:
Q2 = 6 24 Qtt = 6 24 3329 = 479.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp cho cc tank ln men trong giai on ln men
chnh mt ngy:
QLMchnh = Q1 + Q2 = 9389.103 + 479.103 = 9868.103(kJ)
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp h nhit dch
Khi kt thc ln men chnh bia non c nng cht kh 3Bx c h nhit
t 8C xung 4C thc hin qu trnh x nm men kt lng, sau tip tc h nhit
khi dch xung 2C v thc hin qu trnh ln men ph, t = 6C. iu kin ny ta
ly thng s trung bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: Cn = 4,207(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: Ct = 1,638(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca dch: C = 0,97Cn + 0,03Ct = 4,130(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Th tch bia non ng vi 1 tank ln men: 105(m3). Bia c nng cht kh
3Bx, c khi lng ring 1,012(kg/l). Khi lng dch cn lm lnh:
G = 105000 1,012 = 106260 (kg)
Giai on ny tn tht lnh ra mi trng khong 5%. Tng lng nhit lnh
cn cung cp:
QH nhit = G.C.t/0,95 = 106260.4,130.6/0,95 = 2501.103(kJ)
c. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men ph:
Trung bnh 1 lt bia non tn hao 1kJ trong ngy, th tch bia non ng vi 1 tank
ln men l 105 m3. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp i vi 15 tank trong giai on ln
men ph trong mt ngy l:
Q1 = 15 105.103 1 = 1575.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh: Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi thng ln men tng = 32C
107
n tt nghip
Nhit dch ln men giai on ln men chnh ttr = 2C

t = tng ttr = 30C
F: Din tch truyn nhit F = 115,6(m2)
Qtt = K.F.t = 1,2.115,6.30 = 4161,6(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy ng vi 15 tank trong giai on ln men ph:
Q2 = 15 24 Qtt = 15 24 4161,6 = 1498.103(kJ)
Tng lng nhit lanh cn cung cp cho cc tank giai on ln men ph
trong mt ngy l:
QLMph = Q1 + Q2 = 1575.103 + 1498.103 = 3073.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp cho cc tank ln men trong mt ngy l:
QLn men = QLM chnh + QH nhit + QLM ph = 9868.103 + 2501.103 + 3073.103 =
15442.103(kJ)
3. Lng nhit lnh cp cho h thng cp men ging

a. Lng nhit lnh cn cp ti s dng men kt lng
* Ra men:
Lng nc ra sa men kt lng ng vi 1 tank ln men c th tch bng 3
ln th tch sa men kt lng ng vi mt tank ln men
Vn = 3 2184 = 6552(l), hay Gn = 6552(kg)
Nc ban u vo c nhit 25C, thc hin qu trnh ra men kt lng
nc cn c lm lnh xung 1 2C, tn = 24C. iu kin ny nhit dung ring
trung bnh ca nc l: Cn = 4,185(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc l:
Qra men = Gn Cn tn = 6552 4,185 24 = 658.103(kJ)
Lng men kt lng ng vi 1 tank ln men l 2184(l) c th ti s dng c
khong 1100(l), khi hot ho s cho 5000(l) men ging c th cp ln men dch
ng ng vi 2 tank.
* Bo qun men:
Men sa sau ra, kim tra hot lc cn c bo qun lnh nhit 0 2C.
Thc hin bo qun ngay trong thng ra men, tn tht lnh trong qu trnh bo qun l:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi tng = 32C
108
n tt nghip
Nhit bo qun men sa ttr = 0C

t = tng ttr = 32C
Coi tn tht lnh ch yu thn tr ca thng th:
F = Dng H = 1,8 2,52 = 14,3(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 14,3 32 = 547,2(kJ/h)
Lng nhit lnh cn cp bo qun men trong mt ngy l:
Qbo qun = 24 Qtt = 24 547,2 = 13,1.103(kJ)
* Hot ho men:
Men sa trc khi ti s dng c ho trn vi lng dch ng c th tch
gp 4 ln th tch men sa v nhit tng t t ti gn nhit ln men 8C. Trong
qu trnh hot ho cn ca dch tng ln ti khong 0,3%.
Th tch dch men sa hot ho bng 1/100 th tch dch ng vi 1 tank ln
men: 1092(l). Coi t khi ca dch bng 1. Khi lng cn c to ra l:.
0,003 1092 = 3,276(kg)
Tng ng vi lng cn to thnh, nhit lng to ra l:
Q=
312,3
3276 = 5,56(kJ)
184
Tn tht lnh trong qu trnh hot ho:

Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit men hot ho ttr = 8C
t = tng ttr = 24C
Coi tn tht lnh ch yu phn thn tr ca thit b th:
F = Dng H = 1,2 1,57 = 5,9(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 5,9 24 = 170,5(kJ/h)
Thi gian hot ho men khong 6h, th lng nhit lnh cn cp cho qu trnh
hot ho men l: Qhot ho = Q + 6 Qtt = 5,56 + 6 170,5 103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp trong mt ngy ti s dng men kt
lng l:
109
n tt nghip
Qmen

sa KL
= Qra
men
+ Qbo
qun
+ Qhot
ho
= 658.103+ 13,1.103+ 103 =
672,1.103(kJ)
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp nhn men
* Nhn men cp II:
Lng dch ng s dng nhn men cp II bng 1/10 lng dch ln men,
tc c th tch 10920(l). Dch ng s dng nhn men c nng cht chit 12Bx,
c khi lng ring 1,048kg/l.
Khi lng dch ng dng nhn ging cp II l:
10920 1,048 = 11444(kg)
Lng cht kh c trong dch ng nhn men cp II l:
0,12 11444 = 1373(kg)
Trong c 80% cht chit l ng c kh nng ln men. Ta coi trong lng
cht chit chuyn ho chim 60% tng lng cht chit c trong dch ng, th khi
lng cht kh chuyn ho l:
0,6 1373 = 824(kg).
Coi cht kh chuyn ho l ng maltose, 1 kg ng maltose ln men to ra
nhit lng 913,1kJ.
Nhit lng to ra l: Q1 = 913,1 824 = 752,4.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit nhn men sn xut ttr = 16C
t = tng ttr = 16C
F = Dng H = 2,4 2,77 = 20,9(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 20,9 16 = 401(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy l:
Q2 = 24 Qtt = 24 401 = 9,6.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp nhn men cp II l:
QNMcp II = Q1 + Q2 = 752,4.103+ 9,6.103 = 762.103(kJ)
110
n tt nghip
* Nhn men cp I:
Th tch dch nhn men cp I bng 1/3 th tch dch nhn men cp II, tc l c
th tch: 3640 (l), cng nhn men 16C v s dng dch ng c nng cht chit
12Bx.
Ta cng coi lng cht chit chuyn ho chim 60% tng lng cht chit
trong dch ng th nhit lng do nhn men cp I to ra bng 1/3 nhit lng do nhn
men cp II to ra:
Q1 = Q1/3 = 752,4.103/3 = 250,8.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit nhn men sn xut ttr = 16C
t = tng ttr = 16C
F = Dng H = 1,8 2,01 = 11,4(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 11,4 16 = 218(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy l:
Q2 = 24 Qtt = 24 218 = 5,2.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp nhn men cp I l:
QNM cp I = Q1 + Q2 = 250,8.103 + 5,2.103 = 256.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp thc hin qu trnh nhn men trong
mt ngy l:
Qnhn men = QNM cp II + QNM cp I = 762.103 + 256.103= 1018.103(kJ)
Men sa c th ti s dng 7 ln, tc l thc hin 8 chu k ln men ch cn
nhn men cho 1 chu k u cn ti s dng men kt lng trong 7 chu k sau. Mt khc ta
c Qnhn men > Qmen sa KL. Do lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cung cp trong mt ngy
cp men ging l:
QCp men = Qnhn men = 1018. 103(kJ)
111
n tt nghip
4. Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin

Bia sau ln men c nhit 2C c lm lnh xung 1C trc khi thc hin
qu trnh lc trong bia, t = 3C. iu kin ny ta ly nhit dung ring trung bnh ca
nc v cht tan quy theo ng tan l:
Cn = 4,190(kJ.kg-1.-1),
Ct = 1,672(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Bia sau ln men c nng cht kh l 2,5Bx. Nhit dung ring ca bia:
C = 0,975Cn + 0,025Ct = 4,127(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Lng bia sau ln men ng vi 1 tank ln men: 105 m3. Bia c nng cht
kh 2,5Bx, c khi lng ring 1,01kg/l. Khi lng bia ti l:
G = 105000 1,01 = 106050 v(kg)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp h nhit bia ng vi mt tank ln men l:
Q1 = G.C.t = 106050 .4,127.3 = 1313.103(kJ)
Bia sau lc nhit s tng ln n khong 1 2C, s c tng tr trong 4
thng cha c v o lnh v bo n gi nhit 1 2C.
Tn tht lnh trong qu trnh ny l:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit bia tng tr ttr = 1 2C
t = tng ttr = 31C
F: Din tch b mt truyn nhit (m2)
Coi tn tht nhit ch yu thn tr ca cc thng tng tr th:
F = Dng H = 3,2 4,5 = 45,2(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 45,2 31 = 1683(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong 1 ngy c 4 thng tng tr l:
Q2 = 4 24 Qtt = 4 24 1683 = 162.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin trong mt ngy:
QHon thin = Q1 + Q2 = 1313.103 + 162.103 = 1475.103(kJ)
5. H thng lnh
Tng lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cung cp mt ngy cho h thng sn xut
chnh:
112
n tt nghip
QLnh = QLnh nhanh + QLn men + QCp men + QHon thin =

= 11556.103+ 15442.103+ 1018. 103+ 1475.103= 29491.103(kJ)
Tn hao lnh trn h thng ng ng vn chuyn lu th v cc thng cha
nc, glycol khong 10% tng lng nhit lnh tiu th cho h thng sn xut chnh
ca nh my.
Tng lng nhit lnh tiu th cho h thng sn xut chnh ca nh my mt
ngy:
QLnh = QLnh/0,9 = 29491.103/0,9 = 32768.103(kJ)
Chn h thng lnh c cng sut 600kW, s dng mi cht lnh l NH3, cht
ti lnh trung gian l nc glycol 26%. Nc glycol c lm lnh xung nhit
khong 4C n 2C c cha trong thng glycol cp t y nc glycol c a
i lm lnh cc b phn, nc glycol sau cp lnh nhit tng ln khong 5 7C
c cha trong bnh glycol hi li c a qua h thng lm lnh tr thnh nc
glycol lnh, t = 9C.
iu kin ny ly thng s trung bnh ca nc glycol 26% l:
Nhit dung ring: C = 3,76(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Khi lng ring: d = 1062(kg/m3)
Lng nc glycol cn cp tng ng vi mt ngy l:
Gnc glycol =
32768
Q
=
= 968.103(kg)
C t 3,76 9
Th tch nc glycol tun hon trong mt ngy l:

Vnc glycol = G/d = 968.103/1062 = 912(m3)
Nh vy trong mt gi lng nc glycol tun hon khong 38 m3.
S dng 2 thng cha nc glycol, 1 thng nc glycol cp v 1 thng nc
glycol hi mi thng c th tch khong 30 35m3.
S dng thng cha nc glycol thn tr ng knh D cao H = 1,5D, y cu
nh ra h1 = 0,1D, np cu nh ln h2 = 0,1D, th tch thng:
V=
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 35(m3)
Suy ra: D = 3,06(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,0; H = 4,5m; h1 = 0,3m; h2 = 0,3m
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.3,03 = 32,9(m3)
113
n tt nghip
Thng c v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng: Dng = 3,2m

* Thng nc :
Lng nc cn dng trong mt ngy lm lnh nhanh l:
6 20007 = 120042(kg)
Lng nc cn ra sa men kt lng trong mt ngy l: 6552 (kg)
Tng lng nc tiu tn trong mt ngy l: 120042+ 6552= 126594(kg)
tc l khong 127m3.
S dng thng nc thn tr ng knh D cao H = 1,5D, y bng, np cu
nh ln h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch thng l:
D 2
D 2
H =
1,5 D = 1,178D3
4
4
Thng cha c lng nc tng ng vi 2 m nu, tc l cha c

40,4m3 nc . Th tch s dng ca thng 90% th thng cn t th tch: 40,4/0,9 =
45(m3)
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 45(m3) Suy ra: D = 3,37(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,4m; H = 5,1 h2 = 0,34
Th tch thc ca thng:
V = 1,178D3 = 1,178.3,43 = 46,3(m3)
Thng c lp v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, v o lnh c s dng
gi lnh cho nc trong thng.
ng knh ngoi ca thng l: Dng = 3,6m.
114
n tt nghip
II. Tnh hi
Nhit lng cung cp nng nhit khi dch t nhit t1 t2 (C) l:
Q = GCt (kJ)
t = t2 t1 (C)
G: Khi lng dch (kg)
C: Nhit dung ring ca khi dch (kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit ca khi dch l:
Q = W.L (kJ)
W: Lng nc bay hi (kg)
L: Nhit ho hi ca nc (kJ/kg)
Lng hi cn cung cp:
D=
Q
(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
Q: Lng nhit cn cung cp (kJ)

0,96: bo ho ca hi nc
: Thi gian cp nhit (h)
ih: Hm nhit ca hi bo ho (kJ/kg)
in: Hm nhit ca nc ngng (kJ/kg)
S dng hi nc bo ho c p sut 3at ta c:
ih = 2727,6(kJ/kg)
i = 558,4(kJ/kg)
1. Lng hi cp cho ni h ho
ni h ho dch bt vo ban u c nhit khong 42 - 43C, c nng
nhit ln 72C v gi 10 pht, nng ln 83C v gi 30 pht, cui cng un si 30 pht
nhit khong 102 - 103C, t = 60C.
iu kin ny ta ly cc thng s trung bnh sau:
n nhit ho hi ca nc l: L = 2280(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc C1 = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo tinh bt C2 = 1,327(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch bt trong ni c t l bt:nc = 1:5
Nhit dung ring ca dch bt khong:
C = (5.C1 + C2)/6 = 3,71(kJ.kg-1.-1)
115
n tt nghip
ng vi mt m nu bia chai ni cho:

Tng khi lng dch bt G = 4300(kg)
Lng nc bay hi
W=
16700
1,091 = 182,2(kg)
100
Nhit lng cn nng nhit cho khi dch l:

Q1 = G.C.t = 4300.3,71.60 = 957.103(kJ)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 182,2.2280 = 415.103(kJ)
Ngoi ra cn phi tiu tn mt lng nhit un nng thit b, tiu tn cho
khong trng, tht thot ra mi trng chim khong 5% tng lng nhit tiu tn cho
ni h ho.
Tng lng nhit tiu tn cho qu trnh h ho l:
Qhh =
957000 + 415000
Q1 + Q2
=
= 1444. 103(kJ)
1 0,05
1 0,05
2. Lng hi cp cho ni ng ho
ni ng ho, trc khi bm dch cho sang, hn hp dch c nhit
khong 52C. Sau khi bm dch cho sang hn dch c nhit khong 65C gi trong
40, nng ln 75C v gi 20 pht, cui cng nng ln 76C v gi 5 pht, t = 24C.
n nhit ho hi ca nc l: L = 2340(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc C1 = 4,182(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo tinh bt C2 = 1,305(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch bt trong ni c t l bt:nc = 1:4,17
Nhit dung ring ca dch bt khong:
C = (4,17.C1 + C2)/5,17 = 3,626(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai ni malt:
Tng khi lng dch bt G = 16700(kg)
Lng nc bay hi
W=
16700
3,28 = 548(kg)
100

Q1 = G.C.t = 16700.3,626.24 = 1453,3.103(kJ)
116
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Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit cho khi dch l:

Q2 = W.L = 548.2340 = 1282.103(kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot
ra mi trng chim 5%. Tng lng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh ng ho l:
Qh =
1453300 + 1282000
Q1 + Q2
=
= 2879,3.103(kJ)
1 0,05
1 0,05
3. Lng hi cp cho ni nu hoa

Dch sau lc c nhit khong 70C, trong qu trnh nu hoa dch c un
si nhit khong 105C, t = 35C. Thi gian nu hoa khong 90 pht.
n nhit ho hi ca nc: L = 2245(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc: C1 = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: C2 = 0,997(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch ng trc un hoa ng vi 100 lt bia chai c khi lng nc l 98,5
kg, c khi lng cht chit l 14,06 kg.
T l nc:cht tan = 98,5:14,06 = 7:1
Nhit dung ring ca dch:
C = (7.C1 + C2)/8 = 3,78(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai, ni nu hoa:
Tng khi lng dch l: G = 19080 (kg)
Lng nc bay hi l:
W=
16700
(117,18 114,28) = 484,3(kg)
100

Q1 = G.C.t = 19080.3,837.35 = 2562.103(kJ)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit cho khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 484,3.2245 = 1087.103(kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot
ra mi trng khong 5%. Nhit lng cn cung cp cho ni nu hoa l:
Qhoa =
Q1 + Q2
= 3841.103(kJ)
1 0,05
117
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4. Lng hi cp cho thit b un nng nc

Lng nc cn cung cp cho phn xng nu ng vi mt m nu bia chai l:
G = 3555+ 10087+ 5240,5 = 21895 kg.
Trong , s dng li lng nc sau khi lm lnh dch ng ng vi mt m
nu khong 20007kg c nhit khong 70 - 75C. Phn cn li l nc mi b sung
khong 1888kg c nhit 25C.
Hn hp nc ny c nhit khong 60C c un nng ti nhit 85C
bng hi nc bo ho p sut 3at, t = 25C. iu kin ny ta ly thng s trung
bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: C = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn cung cp nng nhit cho nc l:
Q = G.C.t = 21895.4,186.25 = 2291.103(kJ)
Nhit lng tiu tn un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot
ra mi trng l 5%. Nhit lng cp cho thit b un nng nc ng vi mt m nu
bia chai l:
Qn =
Q
= 2412.103(kJ)
1 0,05
* Vy tng nhit lng cn cung cp cho phn xng nu trong 1 m l :

Qnu = Qhh + Qh + Qhoa + Qn = 1444. 103 + 2879,3.103 + 3841.103+ 2412.103 = 10576,3. 103(kJ)
Vy lng hi cn cung cp cho phn xng nu trong 1 m nu (4h) l :
Dnu =
Qn
0,96 (ih in )
10576300
= 1270 (kg/h)
0,96 4 (2727,6 558,4 )
5. Lng hi cp cho phn xng hon thin

Trong mt ngy lng bia c chit chai l 100000 lt, hay 222223 chai
450ml. Khi lng mi chai y bia l 0,6kg. Coi lng nc nng dng thanh trng
chai v ra chai, ra kt ng vi mt chai l 0,6kg.
118
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Khi lng nc cn c un nng l:

G = 222223.0,6 = 133334(kg)
Nc ban u c nhit 25C c un nng ti nhit 80C, t = 55C.
iu kin ny ly thng s trung bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc l: C = 4,174(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn cung cp un nng nc l:
Q = G.C.t = 133334.4,174.55 = 30609.103 (kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph khong 5% tng lng nhit cn cp. Nhit lng cn
cung cp cho phn xng hon thin trong mt ngy l:
Qht =
Q
= 32220.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Lng hi cn cung cp cho phn xng hon thin l:

Qht
32220 .103
Dhonthin=
=
= 644,7(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n ) 0,96 24 (2727,6 558,4)
6. Lng nhin liu cho ni hi

Ngoi lng hi cp cho cc phn xng nh tnh trn cn phi cp mt
lng hi thanh trng ng ng, thit b khong 200 kg/h
Tng lng hi cn cung cp cho ton nh my l:
D = Dnu + Dhon thin + 200
= 1270+ 644,7+ 200 = 2115 (kg/h)
Tn tht nhit v hi t trn h thng ng ng cp hi cho ton nh my
khong 10% tng lng hi tiu th cho ton nh my. Tng lng hi tiu th ca ton
nh my l:
D = D/0,9 = 2115/0,9 = 2350 (kg/h)
Ta s dng ni hi c nng sut 2500kg/h, p sut lm vic 8at, p sut lm
vic ln nht 10at.
L hi s dng nhin liu dng rn l than, 1kg than cung cp nhit lng
34400kJ. Lng nhin liu cn dng c tnh theo cng thc:
M=
D (i h i n )
(kg/h)
Q 1 2
D: Lng hi tiu th D = 2350 (kg/h)

Q: Nhit lng ca than Q = 34400(kJ/kg)
119
n tt nghip
ih: Hm nhit ca hi nc bo ho p sut 8at ih = 2772,4(kJ/kg)

in: Hm nhit ca nc ban u ( 25C) in = 104,7(kJ/kg)
1: H s t chy ca than 1 = 0,9
2: H s s dng ca l hi 2 = 0,75
Vy suy ra:
M=
2350 (2772,4 104,7)

= 270(kg/h)
34400 0,9 0,75
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt ngy:

24M= 6,5 (tn)
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt thng, thng lm vic nhiu nht 25 ngy:
25.6,5 = 162,5(tn)
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt nm, lm vic 250 ngy:
250. 6,5 = 1625 (tn)
120
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III. Tnh nc
1. Lng nc dng cho phn xng nu
Nc cn cung cp cho mt m nu bia chai k c nc v sinh h thng ni
nu l: 21,895 m3. Mt ngy nu nhiu nht 6 m th lng nc cn cung cp l: 6
21,895 = 131,37(m3)
Lng nc cn lm lnh dch ng houblon ho ng vi mt m nu
bia chai l: 20007(kg). Coi nc c t khi bng 1, lng nc cn lm lnh dch
ng ng vi mt ngy nu bia chai l: 6 20,007 = 120(m3).
Lng nc ny sau khi lm lnh nhanh dch ng tr thnh nc nng c
nhit khong 70 75C s c dng lm nc nu v v sinh h thng ni nu.
Do lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng nu thc hin qu
trnh sn xut trong mt ngy khong: 120(m3)
2. Lng nc dng cho phn xng ln men
Lng nc dng v sinh cc thit b ca phn xng ln men trong mt
ngy c th tch bng 8% th tch 1 tank ln men, tc l khong:
0,08 131,42= 10,51(m3)
Lng nc cn cung cp ra men kt lng mt ngy khong 6,7(m3).
Lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng ln men trong mt ngy thc hin
qu trnh sn xut khong:
10,51+ 6,7 = 17,21 (m3)
3. Lng nc dng cho phn xng hon thin
S lng chai ng vi mt ngy sn xut ca nh my l: 222223(chai 450ml).
ng vi mi chai cn lng nc v sinh, thanh trng khong 1 lt. Do tng lng
nc cn v sinh chai, thanh trng chai v v sinh kt ng vi 1 ngy sn xut bia
chai khong: 222,2(m3).
S lng bock ng vi mt ngy sn xut ca nh my l: 2000(bock 50l).
ng vi mi bock cn lng nc v sinh khong 10 lt. Do tng lng
nc cn ra bock ng vi mt ngy sn xut bia hi khong: 20(m3).
Nh vy lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng hon thin trong
mt ngy thc hin qu trnh sn xut khong: 222,2(m3)
121
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4. Lng nc dng cho cc hot ng khc ca nh my

* Lng nc cn cung cp cho ni hi:
Hi sau khi cp nhit s ngng t, nc ngng c th thu hi v ti s dng
cp cho ni hi khong 75%. Do lng nc cn cp cho ni hi khong 25% lng
hi cn cp.
Lng hi tiu th ca nh my l: 3908 (kg/h)
Lng nc cn cp cho ni hi mt ngy l:
0,25 24 3908 = 23448(kg)
Tc khong 23,5(m3)
* Lng nc dng v sinh nh xng:
Din tch nh sn xut chnh:
24 36 = 864(m2)
Din tch khu tank ln men:
24 36 = 864(m2)
Din tch phn xng hon thin:
30 36 = 1080(m2)
Tng din tch khu vc sn xut chnh ca nh my:
864 + 864 + 1080 = 2808(m2)
Trung bnh lng nc dng v sinh nh xng l 3 lt/m2/ngy.
Lng nc dng v sinh khu vc sn xut chnh trong mt ngy khong:
8,4(m3)
* Lng nc phc v cc nhu cu sinh hot:
Lng nc sinh hot v phc v cc nhu cu khc ca nh my bnh qun
mt ngy khong 40 lt/ngi. Ton th nh my c khong 200 cn b cng nhn vin.
Vy lng nc cn cung cp l:
200 40 = 8000(l) = 8,0(m3)
Tng lng nc cn cp cho ton nh my trong mt ngy:
155,3 + 18,0 + 222,2 + 36,6 + 8,4 + 8,0 = 448,5(m3)
Chn b cha nc sau x l s b c kch thc 10m 10m 5m, dung tch
khong 500m3, xy bng b tng ct thp. Hai b nc sau x l cho phn xng nu v
cho phn xng hon thin bng tn kch thc 5m 5m 4m, dung tch 100m3.
122
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IV. Tnh in
1. Ph ti chiu sng
Trong cc phn xng sn xut lp t h thng n chiu sng bao gm cc
bng n si t cng sut 100w/bng v n neon cng sut 40w/bng.
Cc bng n c lp t cc v tr cao khong 2,5 4m ty thuc v tr lm
vic, kch thc ca thit b khong cch gia mi bng L vo khong 3 4m,
khong cch t cc bng ngoi cng n tng l khong 0,25 0,35L ( y ta ly trung
bnh L = 3,5m; l = 1m).
Nh c kch thc A B(mm) th s bng theo mi hng v s hng bng mt
tng nh l:
n1 =
A 2l
+ 1 = (A 2)/3,5 + 1
L
n2 =
B 2l
+ 1 = (B 2)/3,5 + 1
L
Tng s bng b tr trong nh: N = n1 n2 e(s tng nh)

Gi n c cng sut P th cng sut thp sng l: Pcs = n P
123
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Bng s lng bng n, cng sut chiu sng i vi cc cng trnh

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
Tn cng trnh
Kch thc S bng n

(m m)
N=n1n2(e)
Nh sn xut chnh
18 x 30
49 = 36
Nh hon thin
18 x 36
411 = 44
Kho nguyn liu
18 x 36
411= 44
Kho thnh phm
25 x 40
812 = 96
Phn xng lnh, CO2, 12 x 18
44 = 16
kh nn
Phn xng c in
12 x 18
44 = 16
Phn xng hi
12 x 18
44 = 16
Nh hnh chnh
9 x 24
372 = 42
Nh gii thiu sn 6 x 12
24 = 8
phm
Nh n cng tin
9 x 18
36 = 18
Cc cng trnh khc
40
Tng cng sut chiu sng Pcs
P(W)
Pcs(W)
100
100
100
100
100
3600
4400
4400
9600
1600
100
100
40
40
1600
1600
1680
320
40
100
720
4000
33520
124
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2. Ph ti sn xut
Bng cng sut tiu th in ca cc thit b
TT
Tn thit b
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
My nghin go
My nghin malt t
My nghin malt lt
Ni h ha
Ni ng ha
Thng lc y bng
H thng cp men
H thng lc bia
My ra bock
My chit bock
My ra chai
My chit chai
Hm thanh trng
My dn nhn
My ra kt
My xp kt
H thng lnh
H thng thu hi CO2, kh nn
Bm, gu ti, vt ti, qut gi cc loi v h thng xch ti
H thng x l nc v cc thit b khc
Tng cng sut Psx
Pm
(kW)
6
11
4
4
8
12
4
5
2,5
0,8
7
4,5
4,1
0,8
3
4
70
40
80
70
340,7
Cc loi bm:
Bm cho v dch ng ha cng sut 75m3/h, Pm = 7,5kW
Bm dch lc cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW
Bm dch ng houblon ha i lng xoy cng sut 50m3/h, Pm = 5,5kW
Bm dch ng sau lng xoy i lnh nhanh cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW
Bm dch i ln men cng sut 25m3/h cng sut 5kW.
Bm nc lnh cng sut 25m3/h, Pm = 4kW,
Bm nc sch cng sut 30m3/h, Pm = 5kW;
Bm tun hon nc lnh cng sut 25m3/h, Pm = 4kW.
Bm y CIP cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW;
Bm CIP hi cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW,
125
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Bm nh lng men cng sut 500l/h, Pm = 0,5kW.

Hai gu ti: cng sut ng c 0,8kW
H thng xch ti cc ng c ko cng sut t 1 3 KW
Vt ti y b malt cng sut 8m3/h, Pm = 7,5KW
Vt ti chuyn bt go cng sut 7,5kW
3. Xc nh cc thng s ca h thng in
Tng ph ti ca nh my: P = Pcs + Psx = 33,5 + 340,7 = 374,2(KW)

Cng sut tiu th trung bnh (ph ti tnh ton) ca nh my:
Ptt = Ksx Psx + Kcs Pcs
Ksx: H s sn xut Ksx = 0,6
Kcs: H s chiu sng Kcs = 0,9
Ptt = Ksx Psx + Kcs Pcs= 0,6 340,7 + 0,9 33,5 = 234,57(KW)
H s cng sut:
cos =
Ptt
2
P + Q ph
2
tt
Qph: Cng sut phn khng ca cc thit b tiu th (KW)

Qph = Ptt tg
Gi s h s cng sut ban u cos1 = 0,7 (khi tg1 = 1,020)
nng cao h s cng sut ti cos2 = 0,95 (khi tg2 = 0,329) l h s cng
sut thng thng ca cc my pht in th trong mch phi mc thm t in c dung
lng b bng:
Qph = Ptt (tg1 tg2) = 234,57 (1,020 0,329) = 162,08(KW)
Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p:
S=
2
Ptt2 + Q ph
=
234,57 2 + 162,08 2 = 285,12(KVA)
Chn my bin p c cng sut biu kin 400KVA, h in p ca mng li

15KV xung 0,4KV. Chn my pht in c cng sut 400KVA, in p nh mc
400V.
4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm
a. in nng thp sng hng nm
Acs = Pcs Tcs Kcs (KWh)
126
n tt nghip
Kcs = 0,9 H s thp sng ng thi

Pcs: Tng cng sut chiu sng (KW)
Tcs: Thi gian chiu sng trong nm (h)
Mt nm lm vic 12 thng, mi thng lm vic 25 ngy, mi ngy thp sng 14
gi th:
Tcs = 12 25 14 = 4200(h)
Ta c:
Acs = Pcs Tcs Kcs = 33,5 4200 0,9 = 126630 (KWh)
b. in nng tiu th cho sn xut hng nm
Asx = Psx Tsx Ksx (KWh)
Ksx = 0,6 H s lm vic ng thi
Psx: Tng cng sut in tiu th cho sn xut (KW)
Tsx: Thi gian sn xut trong nm (h)
Mt nm lm vic 12 thng, mi thng lm vic 25 ngy, mi ngy lm vic c 3
ca l 24h th:
Tsx = 12 25 24 = 7200(h)
Asx = Psx Tsx Ksx = 340,7 7200 0,6 = 1471824(KWh)
c. in nng tiu th c nm
A=
Acs + Asx
(KWh)
Coi tn tht in nng trn mng h p l 5% th = 0,95

A=
Acs + Asx 126630 + 1471824

=
= 1598454(KWh)
0,95
127
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Phn VII: Tnh ton kinh t

A. Phn tch th trng
ng bng Sng Hng l khu vc ng dn c nhng phn b khng u. Dn c
tp trung ng cc trung tm hnh chnh, kinh t, vn ho ln nh thnh ph H Ni
v cc tnh xung quanh, mt b phn ln dn c cng phn b ri rc gn cc trc ng
giao thng chnh, cn li mt b phn nh dn c sng phn tn. Nh my bia c xy
dng nm trong khu cng nghip Quang Minh l v tr gip ranh gia tnh Vnh Phc v
thnh ph H Ni. Ni y c h thng giao thng ng b thun li v cch khng xa
trung tm thnh ph H Ni, l mt trung tm thng mi ln ca min Bc vi dn s
trn 4 triu ngi v c mc sng trung bnh vo loi cao trong c nc nn nhu cu tiu
th bia khu vc ny l rt ln v cn tng mnh trong tng lai khng xa.
Hin ti trn th trng Vit Nam c sn phm bia ca rt nhiu hng trong c
c cc sn phm bia mang thng hiu ngoi. Trc ht ni v cc sn phm bia trong
nc th mi ch c Cng ty ru bia v nc gii kht H Ni min Bc v Cng ty
bia Si Gn min Nam l c qui m kh ln v thng hiu uy tn nhng vn cha
p ng c nhu cu v chim lnh c th trng. Cn phn ln cc c s sn xut
bia ca nc ta c qui m sn xut nh l phn tn v ch yu phc v nhu cu ti a
phng v cng cha to c ch ng vng chc vi lng tin ca ngi tiu dng.
Bn cnh l cc sn phm bia mang thng hiu ngoi, tuy nhin cc sn phm bia
ngoi do gi thnh cao v hng v cha hn li cun hn tt c cc sn phm bia
mang thng hiu Vit nn ch tiu th c mt b phn nh dn c c thu nhp cao
v qui m sn xut cha cao. T nhng phn tch trn cho thy ng bng Sng Hng
l mt th trng y tim nng cho sn phm bia.
Nh my bia c thit k vi nng sut 25 triu lt/nm trong sn xut 20 triu
lt bia chai v 5 triu lt bia hi. Sn phm bia c sn xut y l loi bia vng cht
lng cao, y l loi bia c rt nhiu ngi a chung, v vi gi thnh khng qu
cao s m bo p ng c yu cu v kh nng kinh t ca ngi tiu dng. Sn
phm bia ca nh my s p ng nhu cu ti a phng v c th chim lnh th trng
bia ca cc tnh ln cn trn ton min Bc.
128
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B. Tnh cc ch tiu d n u t
I. Nhu cu vn u t
1. Vn lu ng
a. Tin lng
Nhn lc ca nh my:
TT
B phn
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
T nghin
T nu
Ln men
Lc bia + bo ho CO2
Ra bock
Chit bock
Ra chai
Kim tra soi chai
Chit chai
Kim tra
Thanh trng
Dn nhn
Kim tra
Vn chuyn bock, kt
Phng th nghim
KCS
X l nc
L hi
Nh cp lnh, kh nn, thu
CO2
Sa cha in, c kh
Trm bin p
X l nc thi
Li xe
Bo v
Th kho
Gii thiu sn phm
V sinh
Nu n
Y t
Ban gim c
ng u cng on
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
nh mc lao
ng
2
3
3
2
2
2
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
2
2
2
4
3
S ca/ngy
S cng nhn
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
6
9
9
6
4
4
8
2
4
2
2
4
2
8
4
6
6
12
9
2
1
3
3
4
2
3
2
3
1
3
2
3
2
2
3
3
3
1
2
6
3
2
10
12
4
6
6
9
3
3
2
129
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32 K ton
2
2
4
33 T chc hnh chnh
2
2
4
34 Qun c
5
35
Tng s lao ng
186
Trong :
B phn sn xut: 143
Cn b trc tip qun l sn xut: 5 ngi
Nhn vin bn hng: 6 ngi
Nhn vin qun l chung: 27 ngi
Cn b qun l doanh nghip: 5 ngi
Lng tr cho cn b qun l l 2 triu ng/ngi/thng
Lng tr cho nhn vin 1 triu ng/ngi/thng
Tin lng tr cho b phn sn xut trong mt nm:
12 thng 143 ngi 1 triu ng/ngi/thng + 19% tin bo him = 2042,04
triu ng
Tin lng tr cho b phn trc tip qun l sn xut trong mt nm:
12 thng 5 ngi 2 triu ng/ngi/thng + 19% tin bo him = 142,8 triu
ng
Tin lng tr cho b phn bn hng trong mt nm:
12 thng 6 ngi 1 triu ng/ngi/thng + 19% tin bo him = 85,68 triu
ng
Tin lng tr cho b phn qun l chung trong mt nm:
12 thng (27 ngi 1 triu ng/ngi/thng + 5 ngi 2 triu
ng/ngi/thng) + 19% tin bo him = 528,36 triu ng
Tng chi ph tr lng cho c doanh nghip l:
2042,04 + 142,8 + 85,68 + 528,36 = 2798,88 (triu ng/nm)
b. Chi ph nhin liu, nng lng
Trong mt nm nh my tiu th in nng vo khong 1598454 KWh, v tiu
th than vo khong 1625 tn.
1KWh in gi 984,5 ng VN
1 kg than gi 1342 ng VN
Bng chi ph nhin liu, nng lng ca nh my trong mt nm
TT
Tn
S lng
n gi
Thnh tin
130
n tt nghip
in nng
1598454
984,5
(KWh/nm)
(ng/KWh)
Than
1625000
1342
(kg/nm)
(ng/kg)
Tng chi ph nhin liu, nng lng
1.573.677.963
(ng/nm)
2
2.180.750.000
(ng/nm)
3
3.754.427.963
(ng/nm)
Trong nhng nm u nh my ch hot ng bng 80% nng sut nn chi ph
nhin liu nng lng mt nm l: 3.754.427.963ng/nm.
c. Chi ph marketing: 4000 triu ng
Tng vn lu ng ca nh my:
Vlu ng = 2798,88 + 3003,5 + 4000 = 9802,38 (triu ng)
2. Vn c nh
Vn c nh bao gm vn u t xy dng nh xng, sn bi, ng giao thng,
tng bao quanh nh my v vn u t mua sm dy chuyn thit b.
a. Vn u t cho xy dng
* Tin thu mt bng:
Tng din tch mt bng nh my l 24000m2
Chi ph thu mt bng: 50.000 ng VN/m2/20 nm
Tng chi ph thu mt bng: 50.000 24000 = 1.200.000.000 (ng)
* Vn u t xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh trong nh my c tnh theo gi
chung trn th trng xy dng:
n gi cho nh bao che khung thp mi tn: 1,2 triu ng/m2
n gi cho nh xe bn bi: 400 nghn ng/m2
n gi cho nh hnh chnh, hi trng: 2 triu ng/m2
131
n tt nghip
Bng chi ph xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh

TT
Tn cng trnh
Din tch n gi
(m2)
(ng)
1
Nh sn xut chnh
540
1200000
2
Khu tank ln men
768,2
1200000
3
Nh hon thin
648
1200000
4
Kho nguyn liu
648
1200000
5
Kho thnh phm
1000
1200000
7
Trm bin p
72
1200000
8
Xng c in
216
1200000
9
Nh lnh, thu CO2
216
1200000
10 Nh l hi
216
1200000
11 Bi than
81
400000
12 Khu x l nc sch
216
1200000
13 Khu x l nc thi
252
1200000
14 Nh hnh chnh
216 2
2000000
15 Nh gii thiu sn phm
72
2000000
17 Nh n cng tin
162
2000000
18 Gara t
288
400000
19 Nh xe ca nhn vin
135
400000
20 Phng bo v
36 2
2000000
21 Nh v sinh
36
2000000
22
Tng cng
23
Chi ph xy dng ng giao thng, h rnh bng
8% tng chi ph
24
Vn u t xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh
Tng vn u t xy dng ca nh my:
Vxy dng = 1200 + 8100,4= 9300,4 (triu ng)
Thnh tin
(triu ng)
648
922
777,6
777,6
1200
86,4
259,2
259,2
259,2
32,4
259,2
302,4
864
144
324
115,2
54
144
72
7500,4
600
8100,4
132
n tt nghip
b. Vn u t mua dy chuyn thit b

TT
Tn h thng thit b
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
H thng x l vn chuyn nguyn liu

H thng nu
H thng CIP nu
H thng nc nng lnh
H thng nhn, bo qun men
Cc tank ln men, tank tng tr bia
H thng CIP ln men v CIP ng ng
H thng lc bia
H thng my ra, rt bock
H thng chit chai
H thng lnh
H thng thu hi CO2
H thng kh nn
H thng l hi
H thng x l nc cp
H thng x l nc thi
H thng thit b phng th nghim
H thng trm bin p v my pht in
H thng chng st v phng chy cha chy
Thit b vn ti
Ph thit k chuyn giao h s cng ngh
Ph vn chuyn thit b
Ph lp t thit b
Tng chi ph mua sm dy chuyn thit b
Gi
(triu ng)
1200
2700
125
1000
500
12000
180
600
500
13500
1800
1350
180
800
540
900
300
700
50
200
135
60
900
39720
Thu gi tr gia tng (VAT): 5% 39720 = 1986 (triu ng)

Tng vn u t mua dy chuyn thit b:
Vthit b = 39720 + 1986 = 42206 (triu ng)
c. Tin u t mua phng tin vn ti
Xe con 2 chic, n gi 400 triu ng/chic
Xe nng chuyn 1,5 tn 2 chic, n gi 300 triu ng/chic
Xe ti 5 tn 4 chic, n gi 900 triu ng/chic
Tng vn u t cho phng tin vn ti:
Vphng tin vn ti = 2 400 + 2 300 + 4 900 = 5000 (triu ng)
d. Tin u t ban u mua chai, kt, bock
133
n tt nghip
Tin mua chai, kt:

Coi thi gian quay vng ca chai l 6 thng, trong qu II v qu III lng bia chai
sn xut nhiu nht tng sn lng l 15 triu lt bia chai thnh phm.
S dng loi chai thu tinh mu sm dung tch 450ml. Khi s lng chai cn
s dng l:
15.106/0,45 = 33.333.334 (chai).
n gi 800 ng/v chai, th tin mua chai l:
33.333.334 800 = 26.666.666.667 (ng)
S dng kt loi cha c 20 chai, th s lng kt cn s dng l:
33.333.334 /20 = 1.666.667 (kt).
n gi 6000 ng/kt, th tin mua kt l:
1.666.667 6000 = 10.000.000.000 (ng)
Tin mua bock:
Coi thi gian quay vng ca bock l 3 thng, trong mt qu lng bia hi
sn xut nhiu nht l: 4 triu lt bia hi thnh phm.
S dng loi bock g dung tch 50 lt/bock. Khi s lng bock cn s dng l:
4.106/50 = 80.000 (bock).
n gi 30.000 ng/bock, th tin mua bock l:
80.000 30.000 = 2.400.000.000 (ng)
Tng vn u t ban u mua chai, kt, bock l:
26.666.666.667 + 10.000.000.000 + 2.400.000.000 = 39.066.666.666
(ng VN)
Nh vy tng vn c nh u t cho nh my:
Vc nh = Vxy dng + Vthit b + Vphng tin vn ti + Vmua chai, kt, bock =
= 9300,4 + 42206 + 5000 + 39066,667 = 95.573,067 (triu ng)
e. Khu hao ti sn c nh
Khu hao cho xy dng:
Thi gian tn ti ca nh my l 20 nm, vy gi tr khu hao cho xy dng trong
mt nm l:
Kxy dng = Vxy dng/20 = 9300,4 /20 = 465,02 (triu ng)
Khu hao cho thit b:
bn ca dy chuyn thit b l 20 nm, vy gi tr khu hao cho thit b trong
mt nm l:
134
n tt nghip
Kthit b = Vthit b/20 = 42206/20 = 2110,3 (triu ng)

Khu hao phng tin vn ti:
Thi gian s dng ca phng tin vn ti l 10 nm, vy gi tr khu hao cho
phng tin vn ti trong mt nm l:
Kphng tin vn ti = Vphng tin vn ti/10 = 5000/10 = 500 (triu ng)
Khu hao chai, kt, bock:
Thi gian s dng chai, kt, bock l 5 nm, gi tr khu hao trong mt nm l:
Kv chai, kt, bock = 39066,667 /5 = 7813,33 (triu ng)
Tng gi tr khu hao ti sn c nh trong mt nm l:
K = Kxy dng + Kthit b + Kphng tin vn ti + Kv chai, kt, bock
= 465,02 + 2110,3 + 500 + 7813,33 = 10888,65 (triu ng)
3. Ngun vn
Tng vn u t:
Vu t = Vlu ng + Vc nh =
= 9802,38 + 95.573,067 = 105.375,45 (triu ng)
Ngun vn 100% vay ngn hng, li sut 10% mt nm.
Tin tr li hng nm:
10% 105.375,45 = 10537,54 (triu ng)
Gi s s tr ht vn vay ngn hng trong vng 20 nm, th chi ph vn phi tr
cho ngn hng mi nm l:
105.375,45 /20 + 10537,54 = 15804,51 (triu ng)
135
n tt nghip
II. Tnh gi thnh sn phm

1. Chi ph vn hnh
a. Chi ph nguyn vt liu
sn xut c 100 lt bia chai thnh phm cn 15,56 kg malt; 3,89 kg go,
31,87 gam hoa vin v 7,97 gam cao hoa.
sn xut c 100 lt bia hi thnh phm cn 12,86 kg malt; 3,21 kg go, 26,1
gam hoa vin v 6,5 gam cao hoa.
Gi thnh :
1 kg malt: 7000 ng,
1 kg go: 4000 ng,
1 kg hoa vin: 60000 ng,
1 kg cao hoa: 200000 ng.
Chi ph cho cc nguyn liu ph bng khong 2 4% tng chi ph cho cc nguyn
liu chnh.
Bng chi ph nguyn liu sn xut 100 lt bia chai
TT
Nguyn liu
Khi lng
n gi
Thnh tin
(kg)
(ng/kg)
(nghn ng)
1 Malt
15,56
7000
108,92
2 Go
3,89
4000
15,56
3 Hoa vin
0,3187
60000
19,122
4 Cao hoa
0,0797
200000
15,940
5
Tng chi ph nguyn liu chnh
159,5
6
Chi ph cho nguyn liu ph
6,382
(bng 4% chi ph cho nguyn liu chnh)
7
Tng chi ph nguyn liu
165,88
Trong mt nm sn xut khong 20 triu lt bia chai s cn chi ph nguyn liu
khong:
165,88 200.000 = 33176,4 (triu ng).
Ngoi ra trong mt nm sn xut cn phi chi khong 4000 triu ng cho np
chai, nhn mc.
Tng chi ph nguyn vt liu cho 20 triu lt bia chai l:
33176,4 + 4000 = 37176,4 (triu ng)
Nh vy chi ph nguyn vt liu bnh qun cho bia chai l:
37176,4 /20 = 1858,8 (ng/lt).
136
n tt nghip
Bng chi ph nguyn liu sn xut 100 lt bia hi

TT
Nguyn liu
Khi lng
n gi
Thnh tin
(kg)
(ng/kg)
(nghn ng)
1 Malt
12,86 kg
7000
90,02
2 Go
3,214 kg
4000
12,856
3 Hoa vin
0,261
60000
15,660
4 Cao hoa
0,065
200000
13,0
5
Tng chi ph nguyn liu chnh
131,536
6
Chi ph cho nguyn liu ph
2,63
(bng khong 2% chi ph cho nguyn liu chnh)
7
Tng chi ph nguyn liu
134,166
Chi ph nguyn liu bnh qun cho bia hi: 1342 (ng/lt).
Trong mt nm sn xut khong 5 triu lt bia hi s cn chi ph nguyn liu
khong:
1858,8 5000 = 9294 (triu ng).
Tng chi ph nguyn vt liu cho 1 nm sn xut ca nh my:
33176,4 + 9294= 42470,4 (triu ng)
Trong 3 nm u nh my hot ng vi 80% nng sut cc i th chi ph
nguyn liu ca nh my mi nm l:
80% 42470,4 = 33976,3 (triu ng)
b. Chi ph nhn cng trc tip
Lng tr cho b phn trc tip sn xut: 2042,04 triu ng/nm.
Sn lng mt nm sn xut ca nh my l: 25 triu lt bia.
Chi ph nhn cng trc tip tnh theo mt n v sn phm l:
2042,04/25 = 81,7 (ng/lt)
c. Chi ph sn xut chung
Chi ph nhin liu nng lng: 3.754,4 triu ng/nm, trong nhng nm u chi
ph nhin liu, nng lng: 3.003,5 triu ng/nm.
Khu hao ti sn c nh: K = 10888,65 triu ng/nm.
Chi ph bo dng my mc, nh xng: 1000 triu ng/nm.
Lng tr cho cn b qun l trc tip: 142,8 triu ng/nm.
Tng chi ph sn xut chung:
3.754,4 + 10888,65 + 1000 + 142,8 = 15785,85 (triu ng/nm)
137
n tt nghip
Tng chi ph sn xut chung trong nhng nm u:

3.003,5 + 10888,65 + 1000 + 142,8= 15.034,95 (triu ng/nm)
Chi ph sn xut chung tnh theo mt n v sn phm l:
15785,85 /25 = 631,4 (ng/lt)
d. Chi ph tiu th sn phm
Lng tr cho nhn vin bn hng: 85,68 triu ng/nm.
Chi ph marketing: 4000 triu ng/nm.
Tng chi ph tiu th sn phm:
85,68 + 4000 = 4085,68 (triu ng/nm)
Chi ph tiu th tnh cho mt n v sn phm:
4085,68/25 = 163,4 (ng/lt)
e. Chi ph qun l doanh nghip
Lng tr cho cn b, nhn vin qun l doanh nghip: 528,36 triu ng/nm.
Chi ph qun l doanh nghip tnh cho mt n v sn phm:
528,36/25 = 21,1 (ng/lt)
Tng chi ph vn hnh nh my:
Ct = 42470,4 + 2042,04 + 15785,85 + 4085,68 + 528,36
= 64912,33 (triu ng/nm) (t > 3)
Chi ph vn hnh nh my trong nhng nm u:
Ct = 42470,4 + 2042,04 + 15.034,95 + 4085,68 + 528,36
= 64161,43 (triu ng/nm) (t = 1; 2; 3)
2. Cc khon thu, chi khc

a. Thu nhp t vic bn cc sn phm ph ca nh my
Lng sn phm ph tng ng vi mt lt bia thnh phm l:
171g b malt i vi sn phm bia chai,
142,8g b malt i vi sn phm bia hi,
11ml sa men.
Gi bn cc sn phm ph:
400 ng/1kg b malt, go
1000 ng/1lt sa men.
Tin thu c t sn phm ph i vi mt n v sn phm bia chai l:
0,171 400 + 0,011 1000 = 79,4 (ng/lt)
Tin thu c t sn phm ph i vi mt n v sn phm bia hi l:
138
n tt nghip
0,1428 400 + 0,011 1000 = 68,12 (ng/lt)

Thu nhp t vic bn cc sn phm ph ca nh my trong mt nm l:
79,4 20000000 + 68,12 5000000 = 1.928.600.000 (ng)
b. Chi ph tin vn
Mt nm nh my phi tr li ngn hng 11.064,42 triu ng.
Chi ph tin vn tnh trn mt n v sn phm l:
15804,51 /25 = 632,18 (ng/lt)
3. Gi thnh sn phm
* i vi sn phm bia chai:
Gi thnh phn xng (gi thnh sn xut) =
= CPnguyn vt liu + CPnhn cng trc tip + CPsn xut chung TNbn sn phm ph + CPtin vn
= 1858,8 + 81,7 + 631,4 79,4 + 632,18 = 3124,68 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh cng xng = Gi thnh sn xut + CPqun l doanh nghip
= 3124,68 + 21,1 = 3145,78 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh ton b (z1) = Gi thnh cng xng + CPtiu th sn phm =
= 3145,78 + 163,4 = 3309,18 (ng/lt)
* i vi sn phm bia hi:
Gi thnh phn xng (gi thnh sn xut) =
= CPnguyn vt liu + CPnhn cng trc tip + CPsn xut chung TNbn sn phm ph + CPtin vn
= 1342+ 81,7 +631,4 68,12 + 632,18 = 2619,19 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh cng xng = Gi thnh sn xut + CPqun l doanh nghip
= 2619,19 + 21,1 = 2640,29 (ng/lt)
Gi thnh ton b (z2) = Gi thnh cng xng + CPtiu th sn phm =
= 2640,29 + 163,4 = 2803,69 (ng/lt)
4. Gi bn
Gi:
gi thnh ton b ca mt n v sn phm l z1 (bia chai) z2 (bia hi),
gi bn mt n v sn phm l p1 (bia chai), p2 (bia hi).
Thu gi tr gia tng (VAT): 10%p1 (bia chai), 10%p2 (bia hi),
Thu tiu th c bit: 40%p1 (bia chai), 40%p2 (bia hi)
Li nhun mong mun trn mt n v sn phm: 20%p1(bia chai), 10%p2 (bia
hi)
139
n tt nghip
* i vi bia chai:
Ta c:
p1 = z1 + (0,1p1 + 0,4p1) + 0,2p1 = z1 + 0,7p1
Suy ra:
z1 = 0,3p1 hay p1 = z1/0,3 = 3309,18 /0,3 = 11030,6 (ng/lt)
Gi bn cha tnh thu mt n v sn phm:
z1 + 0,2p1 = 0,3p1 + 0,2p1 = 0,5p1 = 5515,3 (ng/lt)
* i vi bia hi:
Ta c:
p2 = z2 + (0,1p2 + 0,4p2) + 0,1p2 = z2 + 0,6p2
Suy ra:
Z2 = 0,4p1 hay p2 = z2/0,4 = 2803,69 /0,4 = 7009,22 (ng/lt)
Gi bn cha tnh thu mt n v sn phm:
z2 + 0,1p2 = 0,4p2 + 0,1p2 = 0,5p2 = 3504,61 (ng/lt)
5. Thu nhp trc thu ca d n

Thu nhp trc thu ca d n nm th t: Rt
Rt = Cng sut thit k Gi bn cha tnh thu
= 0,5p1 Q1 + 0,5p2 Q2
= 5515,3 20 + 3504,61 5
= 127823,05 (triu ng/nm) (t > 3)
Cng vi c thu nhp t vic bn cc sn phm ph th tng doanh thu trc thu
ca nh my l:
Rt = 127823,05 + 1928 = 129751,05(triu ng/nm) (t > 3)
Gi bn trung bnh cha tnh thu ca sn phm:
129751,05/25 = 5190,04 (ng/lt)
Tng thu nhp trc thu ca d n trong nhng nm u l:
Rt = 80% 129751,05 = 103800,84 (triu ng) (t = 1; 2; 3)
140
n tt nghip
III. Tnh dng tin v mt s ch tiu hiu qu ca d n

Bng tng hp tnh ton qua 10 nm
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt) (triu
ng)
Tng chi ph vn hnh
nh my (triu ng)
Vn u t (It) (triu
ng)
Vn lu ng(triu
ng)
Vn c nh(triu ng)
Chi ph vn(triu ng)
Thu nhp ca d n (At)
(triu ng)
NPV(triu ng)
Nm 0
0
0
Nm 1
20000000
5190,04
Nm 2
20000000
5190,04
Nm 3
20000000
5190,04
103800,8
103800,8
103800,8
64161,43
64161,43
64161,43
105375,45
25606,89
25080,11
24553,32
9802,38
95573,067
0
9802,38
9802,38
9802,38
15804,51
15277,73
14750,94
-105375,45
-105375,45
14032,48
-91342,97
14559,26
-76783,71
15086,05
-61697,66
141
n tt nghip
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Tng chi ph vn hnh
nh my
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Thu nhp ca d n (At)
NPV
Nm 4
25000000
5190,04
127823,05
Nm 5
25000000
5190,04
127823,05
Nm 6
25000000
5190,04
127823,05
Nm 7
25000000
5190,04
127823,05
64161,43
24026,54
64161,43
23499,74
64161,43
22972,96
64161,43
22446,17
9802,38
9802,38
39066,667
13697,36
40161,88
18626,08
9802,38
9802,38
13170,58
40688,66
59314,74
12643,79
41215,45
100530,19
14224,16
39635,08
-22062,58
142
n tt nghip
Ch tiu
Cng sut
Gi
Doanh thu (Rt)
Tng chi ph vn hnh
nh my
Vn u t (It)
Vn lu ng
Vn c nh
Chi ph vn
Thu nhp ca d n (At)
NPV
Nm 8
25000000
5190,04
127823,05
Nm 9
25000000
5190,04
127823,05
Nm 10
25000000
5190,04
127823,05
64161,43
21919,38
9802,38
64161,43
21392,6
9802,38
12117
41742,24
142272,43
11590,22
42269,02
184541,45
64161,43
20865,81
9802,38
39566,67
11063,43
42795,81
227337,26
143
n tt nghip
20
NPV qua 10 nm =
At
(1 + r )
t =0
Trong :
r = MARR: sut thu li ti thiu chp nhn c hay li sut thp nht m
nh u t yu cu
r = 12%
At: gi tr dng tin mt cui nm t = thu nhp ca d n
At = Rt Ct (It Vn lu ng)
Rt: doanh thu ca d n nm t,
Rt = cng sut thit k gi bn cha tnh thu.
Ct: chi ph vn hnh ca d n nm t
It: chi ph u t nm t
Ta c:
NPV = 227.337.260.000 (ng) > 0
Theo bng trn ta thy thi gian thu hi vn khong 5 nm.
Kt lun: D n c hiu qu.
144
n tt nghip
Phn VIII: V sinh an ton lao ng

I. V sinh
V sinh l mt cng vic lun c cc nh my sn xut cng nghip, c bit l
trong lnh vc thc phm quan tm, i hi phi c thc hin mt cch nghim tc v
nghim ngt. Cht lng sn phm ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t trong sn xut, trong
khu v sinh ng vai tr then cht.
Vic v sinh trong nh my bao gm mt s ni dung chnh sau:
1. V sinh c nhn
- i vi cng ngh sn xut bia, cng nhn trc tip tham gia sn xut phi khe mnh,
khng mc cc bnh mn tnh hay truyn nhim.
- Khi lm vic, cng nhn phi mc qun o bo h lao ng, sch s, gn gng v lun
c thc bo v chung.
- Trong khu gy men ging th ch nhng ngi c trch nhim mi c ra vo m
bo v trng.
- Trong khu lc bia, cng nhn cn eo khu trang v hn ch ni chuyn.
- Mi cng nhn trong nh my cn thng xuyn c kim tra sc khe.
2. V sinh thit b nh xng
- Tt c cc thit b, dng c tham gia vo dy chuyn sn xut cn phi c v sinh
sch s, theo nh k.
- i vi my mc thit b cc phn xng ph tr, phi kim tra, bo dng thng
xuyn.
- Khu vc nh nu, hon thin sn phm cn thong mt, gii quyt tt vn thng gi
v ht bi.
- Cc phn xng c bi, ting n cn phi c t v tr hp l, khng nh hng ti
cc khu vc khc.
- Kho nguyn liu cn b tr hp l, rng ri, thong mt, c nhit k, m k theo di,
trnh cho vi sinh vt pht trin lm hng nguyn liu.
- Khu vc hnh chnh xy dng pha trc nh my cn phi c trng nhiu cy xanh
to v p m quan v iu ha khng kh cho nh my.
145
n tt nghip
- Cht thi v nc thi t nh my cn phi c x l t tiu chun cho php trc

khi thi ra mi trng.
- ng i, h thng thot nc, h thng x l nc thi ca nh my cn phi c
thng xuyn qut dn, kim tra.
146
n tt nghip
II. An ton lao ng

Bo h an ton lao ng cng l mt khu quan trng trong sn xut v n nh
hng trc tip n sc khe, tnh mng ngi lao ng v tui th thit b. i vi nh
my sn xut bia, cn phi quan tm ti mt s im quan trng sau y:
1. Chng kh c trong nh my
- Kh c trong nh my bia ch yu l CO2 c sinh ra t qu trnh ln men v NH3 t
h thng lnh.
- Khi thi l hi: hn ch tc hi do khi thi l hi gy ra cho mi trng xung
quanh, cn lp t h thng ng khi cao trn 10m khuch tn khi ln cao, khng
nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh.
2. Chng n v rung ng
Ting n v rung ng nh hng khng tt ti sc khe ca cng nhn, gy ra
mt mi, nh hng ti thnh gic, dn n s km tp trung, gim kh nng lm vic.
Do , cn phi c bin php khc phc:
- Thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng sa cha my mc kp thi.
- Khi lp cc phn, nu c th th nn lp cc tm m c n hi chng rung.
3. An ton khi vn hnh thit b
- Cc thit b chu p nh l hi, my nn, bnh np CO2 ... cn c kim tra nh k,
vn hnh cn thn, ng hng dn.
- Cc thit b khc cng cn c kim tra thng xuyn kp thi pht hin hng hc.
- Thng xuyn theo di, kim tra cc ng ng, van, ng h o... kp thi x l
s c.
- Cng nhn khi vn hnh phi c trang b y bo h lao ng, khng b v tr khi
ang lm vic, thc hin nghim tc ch giao ca.
4. An ton v in
Trong qu trnh sn xut, cng nhn lun phi thng xuyn tip xc vi cc thit
b s dng in, do cn ch :
147
n tt nghip
- Phi thc hin tuyt i ni quy an ton v in trnh xy ra s c hay tai nn. Cch
in tt cc phn mang in, c bit l ti cc khu vc c m cao v nhiu nc nh
phn xng ln men, phn xng hon thin sn phm...
- B tr cc ng dy cch xa tm tay hoc li i li ca ngi sn xut. B tr cu dao
in hp l c th ngt mi khi c s c.
5. Phng chy cha chy
Mi phn xng u phi c thit b cha chy, t v tr hp l c th d
tm khi c s c.
148
n tt nghip
Kt lun
Trong nhng thc ung gii kht hin nay th bia l sn phm c a chung v
dng ph bin trn ton th gii, sn xut bia em li li nhun kinh t cao v y cng
chnh l ng lc thc y ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia ngy cng pht trin. Lch s
ngnh bia nc ta tuy cha lu song vi quy m v sc pht trin hin nay khng
nh cng nghip sn xut bia l mt ngnh kinh t quan trng c ch ng vng chc
trong nn kinh t quc dn v cn nhiu tim nng pht trin. Chnh v vy thit k
nh my bia l mt yu cu ph hp vi nhu cu thc tin.
Nh my sn xut bia theo cng ngh ln men hin i bao gm nhiu phn xng
vi cc my mc, trang b hin i. Do thit k mt nh my bia hon chnh vi y
cc b phn l mt cng vic rt phc tp i hi nhiu thi gian v phi c kin thc
tng hp v nhiu lnh vc. iu ny cng ni ln rng thit k nh my bia l mt yu
cu v cng l iu kin cn thit rn luyn k nng v tip cn gn hn vi cng
nghip sn xut thc phm v c bit l ngnh cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm ln
men.
c s gip tn tnh ca PGS.TS Nguyn Xun Phng, ThS Lng Thy
Nga, ThS Nguyn Vit H n ca em hon thnh. Do kinh nghim bn thn cn t
v thi gian c hn, n ca em chc chn khng trnh khi thiu st. Rt mong c
s ng gp kin ca cc thy, c em hon thin kin thc v rt ra c nhiu
kinh nghim hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni thng 05 nm 2010
Sinh vin
Dng Ngc Tu
149
n tt nghip
Ti liu tham kho chnh

[1] PGS,PTS Hong nh Ho. Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[2] PGS,TS Nguyn nh Thng, TS Nguyn Thanh Hng.
Cng ngh sn xut v kim tra cn etylic
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[3] PGS,TS Bi c Hi (ch bin). Ch bin lng thc (Tp 3)
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, nm 1985
[4] Tp th tc gi: B mn Qu trnh thit b cng ngh ho cht v thc phm. S
tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht (Tp 1,2) Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k
thut, H Ni, 1982 1992.
[5] PGS,TS Nguyn Bin. Tnh ton qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ho cht v
cng ngh thc phm (Tp 1)
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[6] PGS Ng Bnh. C s xy dng nh cng nghip
B mn xy dng cng nghip
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, nm 1997
150
n tt nghip
151

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n tt nghip

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI

c lp-T do-Hnh phc

NHIM V THIT K TT NGHIP

Cc bn v (ghi r cc loi bn v, kch thc cc bn v)

Bn v s 1 : S dy chuyn cng ngh : A1

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

PGS.TS NGUYN XUN PHNG

Ngy giao nhim v thit k : 25/02/2010

Sinh vin hon thnh

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

22/Nh gii thiu sn phm:..................................................................................................99

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

2. V sinh thit b nh xng...............................................................................................145

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Phn I: Lp lun kinh t k thut

II. Chn loi sn phm, a im xy dng, vng nguyn liu v th

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

l 2, quc l 3, quc l 18, tuyn ng st H Ni Lo Cai l nhng tuyn giao thng

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu

PHN II : THUYT MINH QUY TRNH CNG

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

II.1 S quy trnh cng ngh

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

CO2 tinh khit

Bia chai thnh phm

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Bia hi thnh phm

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

II.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Chi ph u t thit b ln,nghin khng tt nhng loi malt cha

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

*Cch tin hnh

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

88oC th ni malt bt u hot ng) v gi nhit ny trong khong 30 pht h

c im: ton b khi cho malt c ng ha cng mt lc, t

C hai phng n ng ha ton khi: phng n tng dn nhit v

Dng Ngc Tu CNTP3, K50

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 25 triu lt/nm

Tnh u vit ca hai phng n th hin ch:

c im: tng phn nh ring r ca khi cho c ng ha v un

Cn c vo cc cng on c phn ra m c cc phng n ng ha tng ng: