GIA S C KHNH 0975.120.189 22A PHM NGC THCH TP.

QUY NHN
GIA S
C KHNH
Thp sng ngn la thnh cng
Chuyn luyn thi i Hc
Khi A - B
Nhn dy km tt c cc lp
22A - Phm Ngc Thch TP.Quy Nhn
Lin h : Thy Khnh 0975.120.189

1I 1AI CICI IA

1AC It 1IM CICI IA 1* SC
Phng php gi: Dng nh ngha , tnh cht v cc nh l v gii hn ca dy s

V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: Tm:
2
8n 3n
3
lim
2
n

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
2
8n 3n 3
3
3 3
lim lim 8 8 2
n 2
n

= = =
V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: Tm:
2
2n 3n 1
lim
2
n 2

+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
3 1
2
2
n 2
2n 3n 1 2
n
lim lim 2
2 2 1
n 2
1
2
n


= = =

+
+

V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: Tm:
2
lim n 1 n 1
| |
|
|
\
+
Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
2n 2
2
lim n 1 n 1 lim lim 1
2 1 1
n 1 n 1
1 1
n 2
n
| |
|
|
\

+ = = =
+ +
+ +
.

1AC IIt CItC MII limu 0
n
=
Phng php gii: S dng nh l
Cho hai dy s
( )
| u | v
n n
u , v : limu 0
n n n
lim v 0
n

=
=
(1) (1) (1) (1)

( )
v u w , n
n n n
limu L
n
limv limw L L
n n

=
= =
(2) (2) (2) (2)
GIA S C KHNH 0975.120.189 22A PHM NGC THCH TP.QUY NHN

V d: V d: V d: V d: Chng minh:
( )
n
1 cosn
lim 0
n

=
Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Ta c:
( )
n
1 cosn
1
n n

v
1
lim 0
n
= nn
( )
n
1 cosn
lim 0
n

=

1AC IIIt CItC MII limu
n
1C 1AI
Phng php gii: S dng nh l
Dy (u
n
) tng v b chn trn th c gii hn ;
Dy (v
n
) gim v b chn di th c gii hn
V d: V d: V d: V d: Chng minh dy s ( )
n
u cho bi
( )
1
u
n
n n 1
=
+
c gii hn.
Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Ta c
( )( )
( )
u
n n 1
1 n
n 1
. 1, n.
u 1 n 2
n 1 n 2
n
+
+
= = <
+
+ +
Do dy ( )
n
u gim. Ngoi ra,
( )
1
*
n : u 0,
n
n n 1
= >
+
nu dy ( )
n
u b chn di. Vy dy ( )
n
u c gii hn.
1AC I3t 1II 1CC CtA CAI SC IA 1tI 3C IA
Phng php gii: S dng cng thc
u
1
S ,| q| 1
1 q
= <

V d: V d: V d: V d: Tnh tng
1 1 1
S 1 ... ....
n
2 2
2
2
= + + + + +
Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
y l tng ca mt cp s nhn li v hn, vi
1
q 1
2
= < v u 1
1
= . Vy:
u
1
1
S 2
1 q 1
1
2
= = =

1AC 3t 1IM CICI IA 3C CC
Phng php gii: S dng quy tc tm gii hn v cc
V d V d V d V d 1 11 1: :: : Tm:
3
2n 4n 3
lim
2
3n 1
+
+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Cch 1: Cch 1: Cch 1: Cch 1:
Ta c:
4 3
2
3
2 3
2n 4n 3
n n
lim lim
2 3 1
3n 1
n 3
n
+
+
=
+
+

Li c
4 3 3 1
lim 2 2 0,lim 0
n 2 3 2
n n n
| | | |
| |
| |
\ \
+ = < + = v
3 1
*
0 n
n 3
n
| |
|
\
+ > nn suy ra:
4 3
2
3
2 3
2n 4n 3
n n
lim lim
2 3 1
3n 1
n 3
n
+
+
= =
+
+

Cch 2: Cch 2: Cch 2: Cch 2:
GIA S C KHNH 0975.120.189 22A PHM NGC THCH TP.QUY NHN
Ta c:
4 3 4 3 3
n 2 2
3
2 3
2 3
2n 4n 3
n n n n
lim lim lim n.
2 1
1
3n 1 2
3
n 3
2
2
n
n
| |
(
|
(
|
\ (
(
| |
(
|
|
(

\
+ +
+
= =
+
+
+

Li c
4 3 4 3
2 2
3
2 3 2 3
2 2n 4n 3
n n n n
limn ; lim 0 lim lim n.
1 3 2 1
3n 1
3 3
2 2
n n
(
(
(
(
(
(

+ +
+
= + = < = =
+
+ +

V d V d V d V d 2 22 2: :: : Tnh
2
lim 4x 1
x

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
1 1
2 2
lim 4x 1 lim x 4 lim | x| . 4
x x x 2 2
x x
| |
|
|
\
= =


V lim | x |
x
= +

v
1
2
lim 4 2 0 lim 4x 1
x x 2
x
= > = +



1AC 3It 1IM CICI IA CtA IM SC
Phng php gii: S dng cc nh l v quy tc
V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: Tnh:
1
lim x.sin
x
x 0
| |
|
\
.
Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Xt dy
( )
x
n
m x 0, n
n
v limx 0
n
= . Ta c:
( )
1
f x x sin | x |
n n n
x
n
=
V
( )
lim| x | 0 limf x 0.
n n
= = Do
1
lim x.sin 0
x
x 0
| |
|
\
=

.
V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: Tnh:
2
lim x x 1 x
x
| |
|
|
\
+ +
+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Ta c:
1
1 2 2
x x 1 x x 1 1
2 x
lim x x 1 x lim lim lim
x x x x 2
2 2 1 1
x x 1 x x x 1 x
1 1
x 2
x
| |
|
|
\
+
+ + +
+ + = = = =
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + +

V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: Tnh:
2
lim x 3x 1 x
x
| |
|
|
\
+ + +

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Ta c:
1 1
3 3
3x 1 3
2 x x
lim x 3x 1 x lim lim lim
x x x x 2
2 2 3 1
x 3x 1 x x 3x 1
1 1
1
x 2
x x
| |
|
|
\
+ +
+
+ + + = = = =

+ + + +
+ +

(Ch : khi x l ta xt x < 0, nn
2
x x = )

1AC 3IIt CItC MII ( ) lim f x 0
x x
0
=

(Itac bane 1)
Phng php gii: S dng nh l gii hn kp
GIA S C KHNH 0975.120.189 22A PHM NGC THCH TP.QUY NHN
Gi s J l mt khong cha x
0
v f, g, h l ba hm s xc nh trn tp hp
{ }
J \ x
0
khi :
{ }
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
x J \ x : g x f x h x
0
lim f x L
x x
lim g x lim h x L
0
x x x x
0 0

= =


V d: V d: V d: V d: Chng minh:
2
x sinx
lim 0
x 4
1 x
=
+
+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Ta lun c: ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
x sinx x x x
| f x | f x
4 4 4 4
1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
=
+ + + +

1 1
2 2
2 2
x x
x x
lim lim 0; lim lim 0
x x x x 4 1 4 1
1 x 1 x
1 1
4 4
x x
2 2 2
x x x sinx
lim lim 0 lim 0
x x x 4 4 4
1 x 1 x 1 x
= = = =
+ +
+ +
+ +
= = =
+ +
+ + +
.




1AC 3IIIt CICI IA M1 11
Phng php gii: S dng nh ngha gii hn mt bn
Gi s hm s f xc nh trn khong
0
(x ;b) .
Ta ni hm s f c gii hn bn phi l L khi x dn n
0
x (hoc ti im
0
x ),nu vi
mi dy (x )
n
trong khong
0
(x ;b) m
n 0
limx x = ,ta u c
n
limf(x ) L = .
nh ngha tng t cho
0
lim f(x) L
x x
=

.
Hm s c gii hn ti x
0
v
0
lim f(x) L
x x
=

tn ti lim f(x)
x x
0
+

,
0
lim f(x) L
x x
=

v lim f(x) lim L
x x
x x
0
0
= =

.
V d V d V d V d 1: 1: 1: 1: Cho hm s ( )
3
x x 1
f x
2
2x 3 x 1
vi
vi

<
=

. Tm ( ) lim f x
x 1

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
Ta c: ( ) ( )
2
2
lim f x lim 2x 3 2. 1 3 1
x 1 x 1
| | | |
| |
| |
\ \
| |
|
\
= = =
+ +

(1)
( )
3
lim f x lim x 1
x 1 x 1
| | | |
| |
| |
\ \
= =


(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra ( ) lim f x 1
x 1
=

V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: Cho hm s ( )
1
x 1
x 1
f x
1
x 1
x 1
khi
khi

>
+
=

<
+

a) Tm ( ) lim f x
x 2

GIA S C KHNH 0975.120.189 22A PHM NGC THCH TP.QUY NHN
b) Tm ( ) lim f x
x 1

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
a) ( )
1 1
lim f x lim
x 1 3
x 2 x 2
= =
+


b) ( ) lim f x
x 1

Ta c: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 1
lim f x lim ; lim f x lim lim f x lim f x
1 x 2 1 x 2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1

= = = =
+ + + + +

suy ra
khng tn ti ( ) lim f x
x 1

(Ch : ( ) lim f x
x x
0

tn ti khi v ch khi ( ) ( ) lim f x lim f x L

x x
x x
0
0
= =

th ( ) lim f x L
x x
0
=

)

1AC IAt tIt 1AC 3C tI
Phng php gii:
1 11 1) ) ) ) Khi tm gii hn dng
( )
( )
P x
lim
x x Q x
0

, vi ( ) ( ) lim P x lim Q x 0
x x x x
0 0
= =

:
Vi P(x), Q(x) l nhng a thc nguyn theo x th ta chia c t P(x) v mu Q(x) cho x x
0

Nu P(x), Q(x) cha du cn thc theo x th ta nhn c t P(x) v mu Q(x) cho lng lin hip.
V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: Tm:
2
x 9x 14
lim
x 2
x 2
+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
( )( )
( )
2
x 2 x 7
x 9x 14
lim lim lim x 7 5
x 2 x 2
x 2 x 2 x 2

+
= = =



V VV V d 2: d 2: d 2: d 2: Tm:
4 x 2
lim
4x
x 0
+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
( )( )
( ) ( ) ( )
4 x 2 4 x 2
4 x 2 4 x 4 1 1
lim lim lim lim
4x 16
x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0
4x 4 x 2 4x 4 x 2 4 4 x 2
+ + +
+ +
= = = =

+ + + + + +

V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: Tm:
3
x 7 2
lim
x 1
x 1
+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3
x 7 2 x 7 2. x 7 4
3 3
x 7 2 x 7 2
lim lim lim
x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
2 2
3 3 3 3
x 1 x 7 2. x 7 4 x 1 x 7 2. x 7 4
| |
| |
|
|
|
\
\
| | | |
| |
| |
\ \
+ + + + +
+ +
= =

+ + + + + + + +

( )
1 1
lim
12
x 1
2
3 3
x 7 2. x 7 4
| |
|
|
\
= =

+ + + +

V d 4: V d 4: V d 4: V d 4: Tm:
2x 5 3
lim
x 2 x 2 2
+
+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
( ) ( )( )
( )( )( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
2x 5 3 2x 5 3 x 2 2 2x 5 9 x 2 2 2 x 2 2
2x 5 3 4
lim lim lim lim
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 2 2x 5 3 x 2 2 x 2 2 2x 5 3 x 2 4 2x 5 3
+ + + + + + + + + +
+
= = = =
+ + + + + + + + + + +

GIA S C KHNH 0975.120.189 22A PHM NGC THCH TP.QUY NHN
V VV V d 5: d 5: d 5: d 5: Tm:
3
x 3x 2
lim
x 1
x 1

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
( )
( )
( )
3
x 1 3x 2 1
3 3
x 3x 2 x 1 3x 2 1
lim lim lim
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
3x 2 1 3 3 3
2 2
lim x x 1 lim x x 1 3
2 2
x 1 x 1
3x 2 1 x 1 3x 2 1

| |
( |
\
(
(

(
(
(
(
(
(
(




= = =



+ + = + + = =

+ +
=

V d 6: V d 6: V d 6: V d 6: Tm:
4
x 2 1
lim
3
x 1
x 2 1
+

+

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
t
12 12 12
t x 2 x 2 t x t 2, khi x 1 t 1 th = + + = = . Do :
( )
( )( ) ( )
2
t 1 t t 1
4 3 2
x 2 1 t 1 t t 1 3
lim lim lim lim
3 4 4
2 2 x 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
t 1 x 2 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1 t 1
| |
|
\
| | | |
| |
\ \
+ +
+ + +
= = = =

+ + + + +

V d 7: V d 7: V d 7: V d 7: Tm:
3
x 7 x 3
lim
x 1
x 1
+ +

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
x 7 2 x 3 2
3 3
x 7 x 3 x 7 2 x 3 2
lim lim lim
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
x 1 x 1 x 1
3
x 7 2 x 3 4
lim
2 x 1
x 1 x 3 2
3 3
x 1 x 7 2. x 7 4
1 1 1
lim
12
x 1 2 x 3 2
3 3
x 7 2 x 7 4
| |
( |
\
(
(

(
(
(
(
(
(
(
| |
(
( |
(
\
(
(

(
(
(
(
(

+ +
+ + + +
= =


+ +
=

+ +
+ + + +
= =
+ +
+ + + +
1 1
4 6
=




2 22 2) )) ) Khi tm gii hn dng
( )
( )
P x
lim
Q x
x
, ta lu :
t
m
x (m l bc cao nht) lm nhn t chung t P(x) v mu Q(x)
S dng kt qu:
1
lim 0
x
x
=

( vi 0 > )
V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: V d 1: Tm:
2
3x 4x 1
lim
x 2
2x x 1
+
+
+ +

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
4 1
3
2
x 2
3x 4x 1 3
x
lim lim
x x 2 1 1 2
2x x 1
2
x 2
x
+
+
= =
+ +
+ +
+ +

GIA S C KHNH 0975.120.189 22A PHM NGC THCH TP.QUY NHN
V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: V d 2: Tm:
2
x x 1 3x
lim
x 2 3x
+ +


Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
1 1
1 3
2
x 2
x x 1 3x 1 3 4
x
lim lim
x x 2 3x 2 3 3
3
x
+ +
+ +
= = =

V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: V d 3: Tm:
3
3 2
8x 3x 1 x
lim
2
x
4x x 2 3x
+ +

+ +

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
3 1
38 1
3
3 3 2
x 3
8x 3x 1 x 8 1
x
lim lim 1
x x
2 1 2 4 3
4x x 2 3x
4 3
x 2
x
+ +
+ +
= = =

+
+ +
+ +

3) Dng v dng 0.
Nhn v chia vi biu thc lin hp
Nu c biu thc cha bin x di du cn hoc quy ng mu a v cng mt phn thc.

V d V d V d V d : :: :
2
lim ( 2 3 ) + +
+
x x x
x

Gii: Gii: Gii: Gii:
2 2
( 2 3 )( 2 3 )
2
lim ( 2 3 ) lim
2
( 2 3 )
3
2
2 3
lim lim 1
2 2 3
( 2 3 )
( 1 1)
2
+ + + + +
+ + =
+ +
+ + +
+
+
= = =
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
x x x x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x
x
x x
x x x
x
x