LT Cap Toc Toan BTVN Va Huong Dan Giai Chuyen de Khao Sat Ham So 2541

TRUNG TM HOCMAI.
ONLINE
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
H Ni, ngy 12 thng 06 nm 2010
BI TP V NH
(Chuyn kho st hm s)
Cu I : Cho hm s
1
2 1
x
y
x
+
+
(C)
I.1 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn i qua im M(2 ; 3) n (C)
I.2 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C), bit rng tip tuyn i qua giao im ca 2
ng tim cn.
I.3 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im
( ) M C
, bit tip tuyn ct 2 trc ta to
thnh 1 tam gic c din tch bng 1.
( ) M C
thnh 1 tam gic cn.
Cu II : Cho hm s
( )
1 m x m
y
x m
+
( )
m
C
II.1 . CMR th hm s lun tip xc vi mt ng thng c nh ti 1 im c nh.
II.2 . Tip tuyn ti ( )
m
M C
ct 2 tim cn ti A, B. CMR M l trung im ca AB
II.3 . Cho im ( )
0 0
M x , y ( )
3
C
. Tip tuyn ca
( )
3
C
ti M

ct cc tim cn ca (C) ti cc
im A v B. Chng minh din tch tam gic AIB khng i, I l giao ca 2 tim cn.
Tm M chu vi tam gic AIB nh nht.

Cu III:
Cho hm s
2 2
2 1 3 x mx m
y
x m
+ +
. Tm tham s m hm s c:
1. Hai im cc tr nm v hai pha trc tung.
2. Hai im cc tr cng vi gc ta O lp thnh tam gic vung ti O
3. Hai im cc tr cng vi im M(0; 2) thng hng.
4. Khong cch hai im cc tr bng 10 m .
5. Cc tr v tnh khong cch t im cc tiu n TCX.
6. Cc tr v tha mn:
2 3
CD CT
y y + >
.
Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit 1
TRUNG TM HOCMAI.ONLINE
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
Cu IV : Cho hm s
1
2 1
x
y
x
+
+
(C)
Tm m (C) ct ng thng ( )
: 2 1
m
d y mx m +
ti 2 im phn bit A, B:
a. Thuc 2 nhnh ca th (C)
b. Tip tuyn ti A, B vung gc vi nhau
c. Tha mn iu kin
4 . 5 OAOB
uuur uuur
Cu V : Cho hm s
( )
2
3 3
2 1
x x
y
x
+
(1)
a. Tm m ng thng y = m ct th hm s (1) ti A v B sao cho
AB=2
b. Tm m ng thng d: ( )
2 3 y m x +
v ng cong (1) ct nhau
ti A, B phn bit sao cho M(2; 3) lm trung im ca AB.
Cu VI :
Cho hm s
( )
1 m x m
y
x m
+
( )
m
C
Da vo th hm s, ty theo m hy bin lun s nghim ca phng
trnh:
a.
2
2 3
1 log
3
x
m
x
+

b.
2 3
2 1 0
3
x
m
x
+
+

Cu VII : Cho hm s
( )
2
3 3
2 1
x x
y
x
+
(1)
a. Tm trn th 2 im A, B thuc 2 nhnh sao cho AB min.
b. Tnh din tch tam gic to bi tim cn xin v cc trc ta .
Page 2 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
Cu VIII : Cho hm s
1
2 1
x
y
x
+
+
(C)
a. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tng khong cch t M n 2 trc
ta t GTNN
b. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tng khong cch t M n 2 tim
cn t GTNN
c. Tm 2 im A; B thuc 2 nhnh ca th hm s sao cho AB min.

.Ht
BT Vin mn Ton hocmai.vn
Trnh Ho Quang

Page 3 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
HDG CC BTVN
Cu I : Cho hm s
1
2 1
x
y
x
+
+
(C)
I.1 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn i qua im M(2 ; 3) n (C)
I.2 . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi (C), bit rng tip tuyn i qua giao im ca 2
ng tim cn.
( ) M C
thnh 1 tam gic c din tch bng 1.
( ) M C
thnh 1 tam gic cn.
HDG
Tp xc nh:
1
\
2
D R

' ;

. Ta c:
( )
2
3
' 0,
2 1
y x D
x
<
+
Bi 1:
V ng thng x = 2 khng l tip tuyn ca (C), nn phng trnh ng thng i qua
M (2; 3) c h s gc k c dng: ( )
2 3 y k x +
tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h:
( )
( )
2
1
2 3
2 1
3
2 1
x
k x
x
k
x
+
'
c nghim
Th k t pt th hai vo pt u ta c:

( )
( )
2
2
1 3
2 3 7 4 4 0
2 1
2 1
x
x x x
x
x
+
+ + +
+
+
: V nghim
Vy khng c tip tuyn no i qua M n (C)
Bi 2:
Hm s c: TC:
1
2
x
; TCN:
1
2
y
1 1
;
2 2
I
_

,
Page 4 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
V ng thng
1
2
x
khng l tip tuyn ca (C), nn phng trnh ng thng i qua
1 1
;
2 2
I
_

,
c h s gc k c dng:
1 1
2 2
y k x
_
+ +

,
tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h:
( )
2
1 1 1
2 1 2 2
3
2 1
x
k x
x
k
x
+ _
+ +

+
,
'
c nghim
Th k t pt th hai vo pt u ta c:

( )
( )
2
1 3 1 1 3 3
2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1
2 1
x
x
x x x
x
+
_
+

+ + +
, +
:V nghim
Vy khng c tip tuyn no i qua I n (C)
Bi 3:
Gi ( )
0
0
1 3 1
;
2 4 2
M x C
x
_

,
. Tip tuyn ti M c dng:
( )
0
2 2
0 0 0 0
3 3 1 3 3 1
:
4 4 2 4 2 2
d y x x x
x x x x

+ +
Gi s
Ox; A d B d Oy
suy ra:
( )
0 0
0
0
2 3
3
; 0 ; 0;
3
x x
x
A B
x
_ _

, ,
OAB
vung to O ( )
2
0
1 2
. 3 1
2 3
OAB
S OAOB x

0 0
6 6 6
3
2 2
x x
t
t
Vy c 2 tip tuyn tha mn l:
3 4 6
20
40 12 6
y x

+
hay
3 4 6
20 40 12 6
y x
+

+

Bi 4:
Tip tuyn ct 2 trc ta to thnh mt tam gic cn nn h s gc ca tip tuyn l
1 k t . Gi ( ) ( )
0 0
; M x y C
l tip im
Page 5 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
- Nu
( )
0 0 2
0
3 1 3
1 1 2 1 3
2
2 1
k x x
x
t
+ t
+
Vi
0 0
1 3 1 3
2 2
x y

tip tuyn l: 1 3 y x
Vi
0 0
1 3 1 3
2 2
x y
+ +
tip tuyn l: 1 3 y x +
- Nu
( )
( )
2
0 2
0
3
1 1 2 1 3
2 1
k x
x
+
+
: V nghim
Vy c 2 tip tuyn tha mn bi ton l: 1 3 y x v 1 3 y x +
Cu II : Cho hm s
( )
1 m x m
y
x m
+
( )
m
C
II.1 . CMR th hm s lun tip xc vi mt ng thng c nh ti 1 im c nh.
II.2 . Tip tuyn ti
( )
m
M C
ct 2 tim cn ti A, B. CMR M l trung im ca AB
II.3 . Cho im ( )
0 0
M x , y ( )
3
C
. Tip tuyn ca
( )
3
C
ti M

ct cc tim cn ca (C) ti cc
im A v B. Chng minh din tch tam gic AIB khng i, I l giao ca 2 tim cn.
Tm M chu vi tam gic AIB nh nht.
HDG
Bi 1:
Gi ( )
0 0
; M x y
l im c nh ca hm s
( )
0
0
0
1
;
m x m
y m
x m
+

( ) ( )
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 0;
1 0 0
0 1
m x y x x y m
x y x
x x y y
+ + +
+ +

' '
+

Vi ( )
0; 1 M
, tip tuyn ti M l: ( )
' 0 1 1 y y x x
Vy th hm s lun tip xc vi mt ng thng c nh
1 y x
ti ( )
0; 1 M
.
Bi 2:
Ta c:
2
1
m
y m
x m
+
TC:
x m
v TCN:
1 y m
Page 6 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
Gi ( )
2
; 1 , 0
m
m
M a m m C a
a
_
+ +

,
. Tip tuyn ti M c dng:
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
: ' 1 1
m m m
d y y a m x a m m x a m m
a a a
+ + + + +
Gi A, B l giao im ca ng thng d vi TCN, TC tng ng nn:
( )
2
2
2 ; 1 ; ; 1
m
A a m m B m m
a
_
+ +

,
Nhn thy
2
2
A B M
A B M
x x x
y y y
+
'
+
M l trung im ca AB (pcm)
Bi 3:
im ( )
3
9 9
: 2 3 ; 2
3
M C y M
x

_
+ + +

,
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca M c dng:
2 2
9 18 27
: 2 y x

+ + +
Gi A, B l giao im ca ng thng d vi TCN, TC tng ng nn:
( )
18
2 3; 2 ; 3; 2 A B
a
_
+ +

,
V I l giao im ca 2 tim cn nn
( ) 3; 2 I
+ IAB vung ti I nn:
1 1 18
. . . 2 . 18
2 2
IAB
S IAIB

(vdt)
+ Chu vi tam gic IAB l:

2
2
18 18
2 4 p IA IB AB

_
+ + + + +

,

2
2
18 18
2 2 2 4 12 2.2.18 12 6 2

_
+ + + +

,
Du = xy ra
18
2 3
t ( ) 6;5 M
hoc
( ) 0; 1 M

Cu III:
HDG:
Page 7 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
Tp xc nh: { } \ D R m
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 2 1
3 ' 1
x xm m
y x m y
x m
x m x m
+
+ +

1:
Hm s c hai im cc tr nm v hai pha trc tung
y = 0 c 2 nghim tri du
2 2
( ) 2 1 g x x xm m + c 2 nghim tri du cng khc m
2
1 0
1 1
( ) 0
m
m
g m
<
< <
'
Vy ( )
1;1 m
2:
C:
1
2
1
' 0
1
x x m
y
x x m

Do hm s lun t cc tr ti
1 2
; x x
. Ta c: ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
4 2; 4 2 y y x m y y x m +
Gi 2 im cc tr l ( ) ( )
1; 4 2 ; 1; 4 2 A m m B m m + +
OAB
vung ti O . 0 OA OB OAOB
uuur uuur

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 1 4 2 4 2 0
85
17 5 0
17
m m m m
m m
+ + +
t
Vy
85
17
m t
l gi tr cn tm.
3: .
Ta c: ( ) ( )
1; 4 2 ; 1; 4 MA m m MB m m +
uuur uuur
A, M, B thng hng ( ) ( ) ( )
|| 4 1 1 4 2 MA MB m m m m +
uuur uuur

1
6 2
3
m m
p s:
1
3
m
Page 8 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
4:
Ta c:
2
10 4 4 10 2 AB m m m +
5:
Mi gi tr m th hm s lun c cc tr.
V ( )
1
lim 3 lim 0 3
x x
y x m y x m
x m
t t
+ + 1
]
l TCX ca hm s.
Hm s t cc tiu ti x = m 1. Khong cch t im cc tiu n TCX l:
( ) ( )
1 4 2 3
1
2 2
m m m
h
+

6:
Ta c:
3
4
2 3 8 2 3
3
4
CD CT
m
y m y
m
>
+ > >
<
p s:
3 3
; ;
4 4
m
_ _

, ,
Cu IV : Cho hm s
1
2 1
x
y
x
+
+
(C)
Tm m (C) ct ng thng ( )
: 2 1
m
d y mx m +
ti 2 im phn bit A, B:
a. Thuc 2 nhnh ca th (C)
b. Tip tuyn ti A, B vung gc vi nhau
c. Tha mn iu kin
4 . 5 OAOB
uuur uuur
HDG:
Xt phng trnh honh giao im:
Page 9 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
( ) ( )
2
1
2 1 5 1 2 2 0
2 1
x
mx m f x mx m x m
x
+
+ + +
+
vi
1
2
x
( )
C
ct ( )
m
d
ti 2 im phn bit A, B
( ) 0 f x
c 2 nghim phn bit khc
1
2
2
0
0
17 2 9 0
6
1 1 3
0
2 4 2
m
m
m m
m
f m
+ >
' '

(*)
a. Hai im A, B thuc 2 nhnh ca th
( )
0 f x
c 2 nghim phn bit
1 2
; x x
m
1 2
1
2
x x < <
0
1 1 3
0
6 2 4 2
m
mf m m
m
>
_ _
<

<
, ,

b. H s gc ca tip tuyn ti A. B ln lt l:
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
3 3
' ; '
2 1 2 1
A A B B
A B
k y x k y x
x x

+ +

( ) ( )
2 2
3 3
. . 0
2 1 2 1
A B
A B
k k
x x
>
+ +
nn hai tip tuyn ti A, B khng th vung gc vi
nhau. Vy khng tn ti m tho mn bi ton.
c. Gi
1 2
; x x
l 2 nghim ca f(x). Gi s ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; 2 1 ; ; 2 1 A x mx m B x mx m + +
Theo viet ta c:
1 2
1 2
5 1
2 2
m
x x
m
m
x x
m
'
C:
5
4 . 5 . 0
4
OAOB OAOB
uuur uuur uuur uuur
Page 10 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2 1 2
2
2
1 2 1 2
2
2
3 2
2
5
2 1 2 1 0
4
5
1 2 1 2 1 0
4
5
1 2 2 2 1 5 1 2 1 0
4
3
4 2 0
4
3
2 1 0
4
1 3
2 4
x x mx m mx m
m x x m m x x m
m m m m m m m
m m m
m m
m m
+ + +
+ + + +
+ +
+
_
+

,

p s:
1 3
;
2 4
m

' ;

Cu V : Cho hm s
( )
2
3 3
2 1
x x
y
x
+
(1)
c. Tm m ng thng y = m ct th hm s (1) ti A v B sao cho
AB=2
d. Tm m ng thng d: ( )
2 3 y m x +
v ng cong (1) ct nhau
ti A, B phn bit sao cho M(2; 3) lm trung im ca AB.
HDG
a. Xt phng trnh honh giao im:
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
3 3
2 3 3 2 0
2 1
x x
m f x x m x m
x
+
+ +
; vi
1 x
hm s (1) ct ng thng y = m ti 2 im phn bit
( ) 0 f x
c 2
nghim phn bit khc 1
( ) ( )
( )
2
3
2 3 4 3 2 0
2
1
1 0
2
m
m m
f
m
>

>

'
<
(*)
Vi iu kin (*), gi
1 2
; x x
l nghim ca
( ) 0 f x
. Theo viet c:
Page 11 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
1 2
1 2
3 2
3 2
x x m
x x m
+
'

Ta A, B l: ( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; A x m B x m
. Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 4 2 AB x x x x x x +

( ) ( )
2
2
1 6
3 2 4 3 2 2 4 4 5 0
2
m m m m m
t

p s:
1 6
2
m
t
b. Xt phng trnh honh giao im:

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
3 3
2 3 2 1 3 1 2 4 3 0
2 1
x x
m x f x m x m x m
x
+
+ + + +
; vi
1 x
hm s (1) ct ng thng
( ) 2 3 y m x +
ti 2 im phn bit
( ) 0 f x
c 2
nghim phn bit khc 1
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
7 2 7
2
2 1 0
7 2 7
9 1 2 4 2 1 4 3 0
2
1 0
1
2
m
m
m m m
m
f
m
+
>

+ >
'
<

'

Vi iu kin trn, gi
1 2
; x x
l nghim ca ( )
0 f x
( )
1 2
3 1 2
2 1
m
x x
m
+
+
Gi 2 giao im l ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; 2 3 ; ; 2 3 A x m x B x m x + +
.
im
( ) 2;3 M d
l trung im ca AB
( )
1 2
3 1 2
7
4 4
2 1 2
m
x x m
m
+
+
Vy
7
2
m
Cu VI :
Cho hm s
( )
1 m x m
y
x m
+
( )
m
C
Page 12 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
Da vo th hm s, ty theo m hy bin lun s nghim ca phng
trnh:
a.
2
2 3
1 log
3
x
m
x
+

b.
2 3
2 1 0
3
x
m
x
+
+

HDG
S nghim ca phng trnh ( ) ( )
f x g m
l s giao im ca ng cong
( ) y f x
v ng thng ( )
y g m
song song vi trc honh Ox khi v ln h
trc ta Oxy.
a. V th hm s
( )
2 3
:
3
x
C y
x
+
nh sau:
- Gi nguyn phn th nm trn trc honh Ox ca ( )
3
C
- k hiu l ( )
t
C
- Ly i xng phn th di trc honh Ox qua Ox k hiu
( )
'
t
C
( ) ( ) ( )
'
t t
C C C
(Cc bn t v hnh)
Kt lun:
1
2
m phng trnh v nghim

1
; 2
2
m

' ;

phng trnh c nghim duy nht
( )
1
; 2 2;
2
m
_
+

,
phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit
b. V th hm s
( )
2 3
' :
3
x
C y
x
+
nh sau:
- Gi nguyn nhnh phi ca
( )
3
C
- k hiu l ( )
p
C
- Ly ( )
'
p
C
i xng nhnh tri ca
( )
3
C
qua trc honh Ox
Page 13 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
( ) ( ) ( )
'
p p
C C C
(Cc bn t v hnh)
Kt lun:
1
2
m
phng trnh v nghim

1 3
2 2
m <
phng trnh c nghim duy nht

3
2
m
phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit
Cu VII : Cho hm s
( )
2
3 3
2 1
x x
y
x
+
(1)
a. Tm trn th 2 im A, B thuc 2 nhnh sao cho AB min.
b. Tnh din tch tam gic to bi tim cn xin v cc trc ta .
HDG
a. Ta c:
( ) ( )
2
3 3 1 1
1
2 1 2 2 1
x x
y x
x x
+
+

Gi
1 1
1;
2 2 2
A

_
+ +

,
thuc nhnh tri,
1 1
1;
2 2 2
B

_
+ +

,
thuc
nhnh phi ca th hm s vi
0 < <
.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2
2
2
1 1 1
4
AB

1
_
+ +
1
,
]
( )
2
2
2 1 1 1 1
1 1 4 1 1
4 4

_
_
_
_

+ + +

,
,
,
,

1
5 2 2 2 5
+ + +
Du = xy ra
4
1
1
5
5

'
Vy
4 4
4 4 4 4
1 1 5 1 1 1 5 1
1; ; 1;
2 2 2 2
5 2 5 5 2 5
A B
_ _
+ + + + +

, ,
th
min
2 2 5 AB +
Page 14 of 16
P.2512 34T Hong o Thy Tel: (094)-2222-408
b. Hm s c TCX:
1
: 1
2
y x
+
.
Gi ( )
Ox 2; 0 A A
; ( )
Oy B 0;1 B
Nn
1
. 1
2
OAB
S OAOB

(vdt)
Cu VIII : Cho hm s
1
2 1
x
y
x
+
+
(C)
a. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tng khong cch t M n 2 trc
ta t GTNN
b. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tng khong cch t M n 2 tim
cn t GTNN
c. Tm 2 im A; B thuc 2 nhnh ca th hm s sao cho AB min.
HDG
a. . Gi
( )
0 0
0
1 3 1
; ; 0
2 4 2
M x C x
x
_

,
. Tng khong cch t M n 2 trc
ta l:
0
0
1 3 1
2 4 2
d x
x
+
Vi
0
1 1
0 1
2 2
x d +
Vi
0 0 0
0 0
1 3 1 3
0 1 3 1
2 4 2 4
x d x x
x x
_ _
_
> + +

,
, ,
Du = xy ra khi
0 0
0
3 3 3 1 3 1
;
4 2 2 2
x x M
x
_

,
Vy
3 1 3 1
;
2 2
M
_

,
th
min
3 1 d
b. . Khong cch t M n TCN, TC ln lt l:
1 0
d x
;
2
0
3
4
d
x
Page 15 of 16
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1 2 0 0
0 0
3 3
2 . 3
4 4
d d d x x
x x
+ + , du = xy ra khi
0
3
2
x t
Kt lun:
3 1 3 1
;
2 2
M
_

,
hoc
3 1 3 1
;
2 2
M
_

,
l cc im cn tm
c . Gi
1 3 1
;
2 4 2
A a
a
_

,
thuc nhnh tri,
1 3 1
;
2 4 2
B b
b
_

,
thuc nhnh phi
ca th hm s (C), vi
0 a b < <
. Ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2
2
3 3 3 3 3
2
4 4 4 4 2
b a
AB b a b a
b a b a ab
_ _
+

, ,
3 4
. 6
2
ab
ab
Du bng xy ra
( )
2
2
3
2
3 3
3
4 4
2
b a
a
b a
b b a

' '
_

Vy hai im cn tm l:
3 1 3 1
;
2 2
A
_

,
;
3 1 3 1
;
2 2
B
_

,
th
min
6 AB
.Ht
BT Vin mn Ton hocmai.vn
Trnh Ho Quang

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