Bi Tp Chui K T I L Thuyt

Cc Th tc v Hm x l xu trong PasCal I. nh ngha x l cc chui vn bn, Pascal a ra mt kiu d liu mi gi l xu k t v c nh ngha bng t kha STRING. Xu k t l d liu bao gm mt dy cc k t trong bng m ASSCII. Cch khai bo: Var : STRING[ di ca xu]; Xu k t trong b nh n chim s byte bng s k t cc i c khai bo cng vi byte u tin cha s k t hin c ca xu di ti a ca xu k t l 255. Truy cp tng phn t ca xu k t thong qua tn bin kiu STRING v ch s ca n V d: Var st : string[20]; St := Le Thanh Lam; write(st[4]) cho ra ch T Cch c hay vit kiu STRING cng tng t nh cc kiu d liu khc, ta s dng cc th tc READ, hoc WRITE. V d: var St:string; Readln(st); Writeln(st); II. Cc thao tc trn xu k t 1/ Php cng xu: Hai xu k t c th cng vi nhau bng ton t cng lc Pascal s cho kt qu 1 xu bng cch ni ui nhau: V d: st1:=Le; st2:=Thanh; St=st1 st2 s cho kt qu l Le Thanh 2/ Php so snh: Hai xu k t c th so snh vi nhau bng cc php so snh =, >, < Nguyn tc so snh thc hin nh sau, chng s em tng kt tng ng vi nhau so snh, xu no c k t c s th t trong bng m ASCII ln hn th xu ln hn. Hai xu k t c gi l bng nhau khi chng hon ton ging nhau (c di nh nhau) V d: FILENAME < FILENAME 3. Cc th tc v hm chun x l xu k t a. Hm length(st): cho di thc ca xu k t v d: st:=le thanh th LENGTH(st) cho bng 8. b/ Th tc DELETE(st, pos, num): xa num k t trong xu st k t v tr pos V d: st= FILENAME Delete(st,5,4) lc st cho ra l FILE c/ Th tc INSERT(obj, st, pos): Th tc cho kt qu bng cch chn xu k t c tn l

Obj voxu st ti v tr pos, nhng k t ng sau pos s c di vpha sau ca xu k t obj. V d: obj:= Thanh st:=Le Lam; INSERT(obj,st,4) lc st=Le Thanh Lam; d/ Th tc STR(value, st): Th tc ny thc hin vic chuyn i gi tr kiu s(value) sang dng xu k t v gn cho binst. V d: n l mt s nguyn c gi tr: n:=150; STR(n:5,st) s cho kt qu xu st l: st= 150; e/ Th tc VAL(st, value,code) i mt xu k t st sang dng s v gn cho bin value, nu bin i thnh cng th code s nhn gi tr bng 0. ngc li th cho gi tr khc khng V d: VAL(123,value,code) lc ny code s nhn gi tr bng 0 v value=123 f/ Hm COPY(st, pos, num): sao chp trong xu st, num k t ti v tr pos, V d: st=Le Thanh Lam COPY(st,4,5) = Thanh; g/ Hm CONCAT(s1,s2,,sn): hm cho ra 1 xu mi bng cch ni ui cc xu s1,s2, ,snli vi nhau. V d: CONCAT(Le ,Thanh , Lam) = Le Thanh Lam; h/ Hm POS(st1,st2): hm cho tav tr tm thy u tin ca xu s1 trong xu s2. V d: POS(Lam,Le Thanh Lam) = 10;

Unit CRT
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clrscr : xo ton b mn hnh. textcolor() : in ch mu. textbackground() : t mu cho mn hnh. sound() : to m thanh. delay() : lm tr. nosound : tt m thanh. windows(x1,y1,x2,y2) : thay i ca s mn hnh. highvideo : tng sng mn hnh. lowvideo : gim sng mn hnh. normvideo : mn hnh tr li ch sng bnh thng. gotoxy(x,y) : a con tr n v tr x,y trn mn hnh. deline : xo mt dng ang cha con tr. clreol : xo cc k t t v tr con tr n cui m khng di chuyn v tr con tr. insline : chn thm mt dng vo v tr ca con tr hin hnh. exit : thot khi chng trnh. textmode(co40) : to kiu ch ln. randomize : khi to ch ngu nhin. move(var 1,var 2,n) : sao chp trong b nh mt khi n byte t bin Var 1 sang bin Var 2. halt : Ngng thc hin chng trnh v tr v h iu hnh.

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Abs(n) : Gi tr tuyt i. Arctan(x) : cho kt qu l hm Arctan(x). Cos(x) : cho kt qu l cos(x). Exp(x) : hm s m c s t nhin ex. Frac(x) : cho kt qu l phn thp phn ca s x. int(x) : cho kt qu l phn nguyn ca s thp phn x. ln(x) : Hm logarit c s t nhin. sin(x) : cho kt qu l sin(x), vi x tnh bng Radian. Sqr(x) : bnh phng ca s x. Sqrt(x) : cho kt qu l cn bc hai ca x. pred(x) : cho kt qu l s nguyn ng trc s nguyn x. Succ(x) : cho kt qu l s nguyn ng sau s nguyn x. odd(x) : cho kt qu l true nu x s l, ngc li l false. chr(x) : tr v mt k t c v tr l x trong bng m ASCII. Ord(x) : tr v mt s th t ca k t x. round(n) : Lm trn s thc n. Random(n) : cho mt s ngu nhin trong phm vi n. upcase(n) : i k t ch thng sang ch hoa. assign(f,'<ng dn><tn file>.<phn m rng>') : to file. rewrite(f) : ghi file ln a. append(f) : chn thm d liu cho file. close(f) : tt file. erase(f) : xa. rename() : t li tn. length(s) : cho kt qu l chiu di ca xu. copy(s,a,b) : copy xu. insert(,s,a) : chn thm cho xu. delete(s:string,a:integer,b:integer) : xa b k t t v tr a trong xu s

II Bi Tp
Cu 1: vit chng trnh nhp mt chui k t t bn phm,xut ra
mn hnh m ASSCII ca tng k t va nhp vo(mi k t trn mt dng). Cu 2: vit chng trnh nhp mt chui k t t bn phm,xut ra mn hnh o ngc ca chui . Cu 3: vit chng trnh nhp chui k t v kim tra xem chui c i xng khng. Cu 4: nhp vo mt chui k t bt k hy m s ln xut hin ca mi loi k t. Cu 5:vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui k t. In ra mn hnh t bn tri nht v phn cn li ca chui.

V d:Nguyn Vn Minh in ra thnh Nguyn Vn Minh. In ra mn hnh t bn phi nht v phn cn li ca chui. V d:Nguyn Vn Minh in ra thnh: Minh Nguyn Vn Cu 6: vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui ri xut chui ra mn hnh di dng chui mt dng. V d: Nguyn Vn Minh In ra: Nguyn Vn Minh Cu 7: vit chng trnh nhp vo mt chui,in ra o ngc ca chui theo tng t. (Bng 2 cch ) V d:Nguyn vn Minh o thnh Minh vn Nguyn. Cu 8: vit chng trnh i s tin t s thnh ch Cu 9: vit chng trnh nhp vo tn ca mt ngi ,ct b cc khong trng khng cn thit (nu c),tch tn ra khi h v tn,in tn ln mn hnh,ch n trng hp c h v tn ch c mt t. Cu 10: vit chng trnh nhp vo tn ca mt ngi,ct b cc khng trng bn phi,tri v cc khong trng khng c ngha trong.in ra mn hnh ton b h tn ngi di dng ch hoa,ch thng. Cu 11:vit chng trnh nhp vo mt danh sch h v tn ca n ngi theo kiu ch thng i cc ch ci u ca h,tn v ch lt ca mi ngi thnh ch hoa.In kt qu ln mn hnh. Cu 12: vit chng trnh nhp vo mt danh sch h v tn ca n ngi,tch tn tng ngi ra khi h v tn ri sp xp danh sch tn theo th t t in. In danh sch h v tn sau khi sp xp. Cu 13: m xem trong chui c bao nhiu ph m v nguyn m Cu 14: In Hoa Chui va nhp sau xut ra ngoi mn hnh Cu 15: Cho bit chui va nhp c bao nhiu khong trng v nhng v tr no ? Cu 16: m xem trong chui c bao nhiu k t thng , bao nhiu k t hoa Cu 17 : Vit Procedure xa khong trng trong chui Cu 18: Hy n k t trong 1 chui bt u t v tr th k . Cu 19: Chn chui s2 vo s1 bt ti v tr th k . Cu 20: ghp 2 chui s1 v s2 thnh chui s3 dau xut ra mn hnh

Cu 21: m xem c bao nhiu chui con s1 trong s2 .