THI S HI THO, S KIN

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Ph nc thi cng nghip: Lng tng cch thu

Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 67/N-CP v thu ph nc thi cng nghip bo v mi trng i vi cc c s sn xut cng nghip-tiu th cng nghip c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/2004. Ch trng ny c d lun ng tnh bi tnh trng nhim n mc bo ng. Nhng ti TP HCM, ni c lng nc thi cng nghip rt ln vn cha thc hin ch trng ny do lng tng cch thu ph. Hin nay trn a bn TP HCM c gn 30.000 c s sn xut cng nghip v tiu th cng nghip. Hng ngy lng nc thi ra cc h thng knh rch, sng ngi khong160.000m3, trong tng lng BOD (nhu cu xy sinh hc) 26.380kg/ngy m. Nhiu khu vc nh sui Ci, Trng Th ... c tng nc mt b nhim nng do nc thi cng nghip. Tng nc ngm Th c, qun 9 cng b bin cht . B Ti chnh v B Ti nguyn Mi trng cng ban hnh Thng t lin tch 125 hng dn thi hnh ch trng cu N 67. Nhng theo Thng t, cc n v c nc thi cng nghip phi t k khai tng lng nc thi hng thng v cc ch s nhim c trong nc thi np cho S Ti nguyn Mi trng, sau S ny s thm nh t khai ph bo v mi trng v ra thng bo s ph phi np. Theo S Ti nguyn Mi trng TP HCM, Thng t hng dn rt chi tit, c th nhng ban hnh mun nn khng th p dng ngay ti TP HCM trong thi gian sm nht. Ci kh khn ln nht hin nay l cch thu, cch thm nh cc ch s gy nhim nh mc ph thch hp. Bi l trn a bn TP HCM c gn 30.000 n v sn xut cng nghip, ch yu l DN nh v va, c s sn xut t nhn vi trnh cng ngh lc hu. ng o Anh Kit-Ph Gim c S Ti nguyn Mi trng TP HCM cho bit: Theo quy nh, c quan qun l nh nc phi tin hnh ly mu phn tch thm nh c c s thu ph, iu ny ng ngha vi vic vc thit b i ht chng y n v o c. Mt cuc hp cc ban ngnh lin quan thng nht mc ph s cn c vo t khai tng lng nc thi, cht thi gy nhim ca DN v n v ny s chu trch nhim trc php lut v t khai ca mnh. Tuy nhin, mt chuyn vin S KHCN cho rng: Nu tnh theo cch ny v tnh nh ng gia n v c lng nc thi ln v n v c lng nc thi t v ai nh gi c mc chnh xc ca t khai. gii thch cho thc mc ny, S Ti nguyn Mi trng cho bit s tin hnh kim tra nu t khai ca DN sai lch 30% so vi thc t. Cng theo S ny, t thng 7/2004 S s bt u thm nh t khai DN, thng bo mc ph, ly mu phn tch, xc minh v tin hnh thu ph cng thi gian trn.
Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip ca Vit Nam v Philippines
Th nm, 04 Thng 2 2010 12:20

Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi ni chung, nc thi cng nghip ni ring l mt trong nhng cng c kinh t ch yu c p dng nhiu nc trn th gii nhm hn ch tnh trng nhim mi trng. TM TT: Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi ni chung, nc thi cng nghip ni ring l mt trong nhng cng c kinh t ch yu c p dng nhiu nc trn th gii nhm hn ch tnh trng nhim mi trng. Nghin cu ny c thc hin nhm so snh quy nh thu ph nc thi cng nghip Vit Nam vi Philippines - mt nc ang pht trin v c nhng thnh cng nht nh trong vic trin khai cng tc thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi vng h Laguna trong nhng nm qua, qua rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim trong vic thit k v trin khai h thng thu ph nc thi nhm nng cao kt qu, hiu qu cng tc thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip, gp phn gim thiu tnh trng nhim mi trng ca Vit Nam. T kha: Ph nc thi, bo v mi trng, ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP, Vit Nam, Phillipines. SUMMARY: Industrial wastewater charge for environmnetal protection is one of the principal economic instruments which are used to control the environmental pollution. This study is carried out to make a comparative analysis of industrial wastewater charges between Vietnam and Phillipines - a developing country like a Vietnam but quite sucessful in implementing the regulation of industrial wastewater charges in Laguna Lake region since 1996. The lessons on the industrial wastewater charge rate, formation, monitoring and management from Phillipines would be the good experiences for Vietnam to readjust the industrial wastewate charge system, then to enhance the effects of industrial wastewater charge on environmental pollution mitigation in Vietnam. Key words: Phillipines. Wastewater charge, environmental protection, decree 67/2003/N-CP, Vietnam,

1. GII THIU Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi ni chung, nc thi cng nghip ni ring l mt trong nhng cng c kinh t ch yu c p dng nhiu nc trn th gii nhm hn ch tnh trng nhim mi trng. Ging nh cc loi thu hay ph mi trng khc, ph nc thi hot ng theo nguyn tc ngi gy nhim phi tr tin (Polutter-Pay-Principle), qua to ng lc cc n v gim nhim, ng thi to ngun thu chi tr cho cc hot ng bo v mi trng. Ph nc thi c p dng t kh lu nhiu nc pht trin, chng hn t nm 1961 Phn Lan, t nm 1970 Thu in, t nm 1980 c... (OECD, 2005) v mang li nhng kt qu ng ghi nhn trong vic qun l nhim do nc thi gy ra cc nc ny. Tuy nhin ph nc thi ch mi c p dng cc nc ang pht trin trong thi gian gn y: t nm 1978 Trung Quc v Malaysia, t nm 1996 Philippines (Laplante, 2006) Vit Nam, ngy 13/06/2003, Th tng Chnh ph k ban hnh Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP quy nh v ch thu, np, qun l v s dng ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi. Ngh nh ny chnh thc c hiu lc t ngy 01/01/2004. C th ni y l cng c kinh t u tin c p dng Vit Nam theo nguyn tc ngi gy nhim phi tr tin v th hin mt bc tin ht sc quan trng trong cng tc qun l mi trng Vit Nam. Sau 5 nm thc hin ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP, mc d t c nhng kt qu kh tch cc nhng qu trnh thu v np ph nc thi Vit Nam xut hin nhiu vn kh khn. S ph thu c thp hn nhiu so vi s ph c tnh ban u; nhiu doanh nghip khng chp hnh cc quy nh qun l mi trng v np ph nc thi, tnh

trng nhim mi trng do nc thi gy ra ngy cng trm trng... Lm th no nng cao kt qu v hiu qu cng tc thu, np ph nc thi, qua gim thiu tnh trng nhim mi trng ang l cu hi c t ra i vi c quan qun l mi trng ca Vit Nam. Nghin cu ny c thc hin nhm so snh quy nh thu ph nc thi cng nghip Vit Nam vi Philippines - mt nc ang pht trin v c nhng thnh cng nht nh trong vic trin khai cng tc thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi vng h Laguna trong nhng nm qua, qua rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim trong vic thit k v trin khai h thng thu ph nc thi nhm nng cao kt qu, hiu qu cng tc thu ph nc thi cng nghip, gp phn gim thiu tnh trng nhim mi trng ca Vit Nam. 2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU Cc thng tin v s liu s dng trong nghin cu ny ch yu c thu thp t cc bo co v cc nghin cu c lin quan n tnh hnh thu ph nc thi cng nghip Vit Nam v Phillipines trong nhng nm qua. Bn cnh phng php tham vn kin ca cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc qun l mi trng c s dng so snh, nh gi nhng mt tch cc v hn ch ca ngh nh thu ph nc thi Vit Nam v Philippines. Phng php thng k m t v phng php phn tch so snh l nhng phng php ch yu c s dng phn tch s ging v khc nhau v mc ch thu ph, mc thu ph, cch tnh ph, quy nh s dng ng tin np ph, cc bin php qun l v gim st tnh hnh np ph nc thi cng nghip ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam v Phillipines. 3. KT QU NGHIN CU 3.1. Quy nh thu ph nc thi ca Vit Nam v Philippines 3.1.1. V mc ch thu ph nc thi Quy nh thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip Philippines c ban hnh theo ngh quyt s 26 ca Ban qun l khu vc h Laguna v bt u p dng t nm 1996 i vi ton b cc c s sn xut c thi nc thi vo 21 con sng chy vo h Laguna, bao gm cc c s sn xut 5 tnh quanh h Laguna ca Philipines. Sau khi p dng quy nh thu ph, lng cht nhim (BOD) thi vo mi trng trong vng gim i 13.29% vo nm 1988 (Dyah Wahyu Ermawati, 2000) v gim i 88% vo nm 1999 (Ken Rubin, 2000). Tng lng ph thu c trong 3 nm u l 34 triu Peso. Vi nhng tc dng tch cc t h thng thu ph bo v mi trng ca C quan qun l mi trng khu vc h Laguna, nm 2003 quy nh thu ph nc thi cng nghip vng h Laguna c sa i b sung v a vo lut qun l ngun nc ca Philippines v c p dng trn phm vi ton quc. Vic trin khai thu ph nc thi cng nghip Philippines nhm mc ch l hn ch tnh trng nhim mi trng v to ngun thu cho qu mi trng trong vng, qua trin khai cc d n, chng trnh nhm ci thin hay hn ch tnh trng suy thoi mi trng trong vng. Vit Nam theo ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP th vic thu ph nc thi cng nhm hai mc ch l hn ch nhim mi trng, to ngun thu trang tri cc chi ph hnh chnh (thu ph, ly mu, phn tch...) v to ngun kinh ph cho qu Bo v mi trng Vit Nam. Nh vy c th thy rng mc ch ca thu ph bo v mi trng ca Vit Nam v Philippines l tng t nhau. 3.1.2. V mc thu ph v cch tnh ph nc thi cng nghip a. Mc thu ph v cch tnh ph nc thi cng nghip Vit Nam Theo ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP mc thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip ca Vit Nam c tnh theo tng cht gy nhim c trong nc thi, theo tng mi trng tip nhn (bng 1). Trong mi trng tip nhn nc thi c quy nh da vo v tr, c im ca tng vng (mi trng tip nhn loi A bao gm ni thnh, ni th ca cc th loi c bit, loi I, loi II v loi III; loi B gm ni thnh, ni th ca cc th loi IV, loi V v ngoi thnh, ngoi th ca cc th loi c bit, loi I, loi II v loi III; loi C gm ngoi thnh, ngoi th ca cc th loi IV v cc x khng thuc th, tr cc x thuc mi trng tip nhn nc thi thuc nhm D; loi D gm cc x bin gii, min ni, vng cao, vng su v vng xa). Bng 1. Mc thu ph nc thi cng nghip

TT

Cht gy nhim c trong nc thi Tn gi

Mc thu (ng/kg cht gy nhim c trong nc thi)

K Mi trng Mi trng Mi trng Mi trng hiu tip nhn A tip nhn B tip nhn C tip nhn D ABOD ACOD ATSS APb AAs ACd 300 300 400 500.000 1.000.000 1.000.000 250 250 350 450.000 900.000 900.000 200 200 300 400.000 800.000 800.000 100 100 200 300.000 600.000 600.000

1 2

Nhu cu xy sinh ho Nhu cu xy ho hc

3 Cht rn l lng 4 Thu ngn 5 Ch 6 Arsenic 7 Cadmium

AHg 20.000.000 18.000.000 15.000.000 10.000.000

Ch : Theo ngh nh 04/2007/N-CP v sa i b sung Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP, th khng tnh mc thu ph nc thi cng nghip i vi nhu cu xy ho hc COD.
(Ngun: Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP)

S ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip c tnh cho tng cht gy nhim theo cng thc sau:

Trong TF l tng ph nc thi m c s SXKD phi np trong qu; TFi l s ph nc thi phi np i vi cht gy nhim i (BOD, COD, TSS...) trong qu; Q t l tng lng nc thi thi ra (m3/qu), Ci l hm lng cht gy nhim i c trong nc thi (mg/l); R i l mc thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip ca cht gy nhim i thi ra mi trng tip nhn tng ng (ng/kg). b. Mc thu ph v cch tnh ph nc thi cng nghip Philippines Ph nc thi cng nghip i vi cc c s sn xut kinh doanh theo ngh quyt s 26 ca Ban qun l h Laguna Philipines bao gm 2 phn l ph c nh v ph bin i: - Ph c nh hng nm: Mc ch ca thu ph c nh l nhm trang tri cc chi ph qun l ca Ban qun l h Laguna. Ph c nh c xc nh da vo lng nc thi tnh bnh qun/ngy ca c s sn xut v cht gy nhim. i vi cht gy nhim thng thng nu lng nc thi ca c s sn xut khng qu 30m3/ngy th mc thu ph c nh l 5.000 Peso/nm; nu lng nc thi ca c s sn xut nm trong khong t 30-150m3/ngy th mc ph c nh l 10.000Peso/nm; nu lng nc thi ca c s ln hn 150m3/ngy th mc ph c nh l 15.000 Peso/nm (Laplante 2006). - Ph bin i: Ph bin i trong mt qu ca c s sn xut c tnh theo tng lng nhim gy ra trong qu v mc ph tnh trn mt n v nhim gy ra. TF = Ln x R Tng lng nhim gy ra trong qu (Ln) ca cc c s sn xut c tnh theo cng thc sau: Ln = Cf x Qf x Nf x 0.001

Trong : Cf l nng trung bnh ca cht gy nhim c trong nc thi ca c s sn xut kinh doanh (mg/l hoc g/m3); Qf l khi lng nc thi tnh bnh qun trong 1 ngy m doanh nghip c thi nc thi vo mi trng (m3); Nf l s ngy m doanh nghip thi nc thi vo mi trng trong qu. Mc ph bin i R tu thuc vo nng cht thi trong nc thi. Nu nng cht nhim C f 50mg/l th mc ph R = 5 Peso/kg; nu nng cht nhim C f> 50mg/l th mc ph R = 30 Peso/kg cht nhim thi ra. Ph nc thi bin i ca mt c s sn xut ch c tnh da trn lng pht thi ca mt cht gy nhim c trong nc thi ca c s sn xut theo quy nh (hoc l BOD 5, hoc l TSS). i vi cc c s sn xut nc gii kht, cc sn phm sa, thuc da, git m v ch bin sn phm chn nui, thu sn, ch bin hoa qu, sn xut ma ng, sn xut giy.... th cht gy nhim c la chn tnh ph nc thi l BOD5. i vi cc c s sn xut hot ng trong ngnh sn xut xi mng, phn ho hc, sn xut kim loi, khai khong... th cht gy nhim c la chn tnh ph nc thi l TSS. c. S khc bit trong mc thu ph v cch tnh ph nc thi cng nghip ca Vit Nam v Philippines. C th thy cch tnh ph nc thi cng nghip ca Philippines v Vit Nam c nhng s khc bit c bn: - Th nht, ph nc thi ca Vit Nam i vi bt k c s sn xut kinh doanh no cng c tnh trn 7 cht gy nhim (bng 1), tuy nhin ph nc thi ca Philipines i vi 1 c s sn xut kinh doanh ch c tnh trn 1 cht gy nhim (hoc l BOD 5, hoc l TSS tu thuc c s sn xut kinh doanh thuc ngnh sn xut kinh doanh no). Theo kinh nghim ca nhiu nc trn th gii, vic thu ph nc thi c th c thc hin tt th ch thu ph phi n gin vi c ch tht r rng. Hn na giai on u khi mi bt u trin khai thc hin thu ph trong iu kin ngun nhn lc, phng tin cn hn ch th ch nn tp trung thu ph i vi mt hoc hai cht gy nhim ch yu v ch i vi mt s c s sn xut ln vi lng gy nhim ng k, khng nn thu ph i vi qu nhiu cht gy nhim v thu ph i vi qu nhiu c s sn xut. Sau mt thi gian thc hin khi h thng thc hin ch thu ph hot ng tt th c th tng thm s lng cht gy nhim c thu ph cng nh s c s sn xut cn c thu ph. Ngh nh 67/2007/N-CP ca Vit Nam quy nh thu ph vi 7 cht gy nhim i vi nc thi cng nghip tt c cc c s sn xut cng nghip, ch bin nng, lm, thu sn. Tuy nhin c nc hin c khong 20 ngn c s sn xut trong din phi thu ph nc thi (Laplante, 2006) cho nn s rt kh c th thc hin tt vic thu ph do vic yu cu np t khai np ph, kim tra tnh chnh xc ca t khai np ph thng qua vic o m, ly mu phn tch tt c cc c s sn xut l mt vic lm tn rt nhiu ngun lc. - Th hai, trong khi ph nc thi ca Vit Nam ch bao gm ph bin i th ph nc thi ca Philippines bao gm c hai phn: ph c nh v ph bin i. C th thy rng c ch thu ph nc thi ca Vit Nam hin nay (Tng s ph phi np = Lng thi x Mc ph phi np trn mt n v thi) kh c th t c ng thi hai mc ch m ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP t ra l va hn ch nhim mi trng va to ngun thu cho trang tri cc chi ph hnh chnh, to ngun thu cho qu Bo v mi trng Vit Nam. Bi v theo c ch hin nay thu c s tin ph i vi nc thi ln th lng thi t cc doanh nghip vo mi trng phi ln v do vy khng th t c mc tiu gim nhim mi trng (Nguyn Mu Dng, 2006). Do vy c th t c c hai mc ch ny th c ch thu ph cn phi c thay i theo kt cu s tin ph nc thi phi np hng nm cc c s sn xut bao gm hai phn: phn ph c nh v ph bin i ging nh ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip Philippines. - Th 3, trong khi mc thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip/ mt n v cht gy nhim thi ra mi trng ca Vit Nam l nh nhau i vi mi c s sn xut kinh doanh, khng ph thuc vo hm lng cht gy nhim trong nc thi cao hay thp th mc thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip ca Philippines l khng ging nhau i vi cc c s sn xut kinh doanh. Nhng c s sn xut kinh doanh c hm lng cht gy nhim (BOD hay TSS) khng vt qu 50mg/l ch phi np mc ph l 5 peso/kg cht nhim th nhng c s sn xut kinh doanh c hm lng cht gy nhim vt qu 50mg/l phi np mc ph l 30 Peso/kg. R rng cch tnh

ph nc thi ca Philippines to ra ng lc mnh m cc doanh nghip p dng cc bin php gim hm lng cht nhim trong nc thi, qua gim lng nhim thi ra hn so vi cch tnh ph nc thi ca Vit Nam. - Th 4, mc thu ph trn 1 n v cht gy nhim Vit Nam v Philippines c s khc bit. Trong khi mc thu ph/ n v BOD hay TSS ca Philippines l 5 Peso/1kg (tng ng 1400 ng/kg vo nm 2004 hoc 1800 ng vo nm 2008) th mc ph ca Vit Nam ch l t 100 400 ng/kg. Theo nh gi ca nhiu chuyn gia nghin cu th mc ph nc thi ca Vit Nam l tng i thp nn khng c tc dng mnh m trong vic khuyn khch cc doanh nghip p dng cc bin php gim thi. Hn na, trong iu kin t l lm pht ca Vit Nam kh cao nhng mc ph nc thi khng c s iu chnh theo t l lm pht hng nm nn tc dng khuyn khch cc c s sn xut kinh doanh p dng cc bin php gim thi c xu hng ngy cng gim dn. 3.1.3. V cc bin php qun l, gim st tnh hnh np ph nc thi C quan qun l mi trng ca Vit Nam v Philipines u yu cu cc c s sn xut np bo co tnh hnh thi nc thi ca c s sn xut hoc mu t khai np ph hng qu. C quan qun l mi trng s tin hnh thanh tra thng k xc nh c s sn xut c chp hnh ng cc quy nh np ph nc thi hay khng (khai c ng lng nc thi v hm lng cht nhim trong nc thi khng). khuyn khch cc doanh nghip tr ph y , c quan qun l mi trng Philipines gim 10% s ph phi np cho cc doanh nghip tr ph trong thi gian 30 ngy k t ngy cng b s ph phi np. Tuy nhin trong ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP cng nh trong thng t lin tch 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT hng dn thc hin ngh nh ca Vit Nam khng c iu khon no khuyn khch cc n v np sm v s ph. C quan qun l mi trng ca Vit Nam cho php sai s gia t khai ca i tng np ph v s liu phn tch, nh gi ln u hoc s liu ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c ph duyt nm trong gii hn cho php l 30%, th ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi c thu theo mc k khai ca i tng np ph. Tuy nhin, c quan qun l mi trng Philippines quy nh sai s ny ch l 20% v ch c din ra nhiu nht l 1 ln/nm. Ngoi ra c quan qun l mi trng ca Philipines s c php pht hnh chnh n 5.000 Peso i vi nhng c s khng tun th cc quy nh np ph nc thi hoc cc iu kin theo lin quan n qun l nc thi khc. Nu c s sn xut no khng tr ph nc thi, hoc thi qu so vi lng trong t khai th c quan qun l mi trng s thu li giy php c thi ca c s v c th c nhng hnh thc pht khc. Sau khi c quan qun l mi trng ra quyt nh, nu c s sn xut tip tc vi phm th c th b pht ti 5000 Peso/ ngy vi phm. Nu c s sn xut khng cho php cc cn b mi trng vo thanh tra c s sn xut ca mnh (hoc khng hp tc), hoc khng np pht theo quy nh th c quan qun l mi trng s p dng cc hnh thc pht khc, c th s yu cu ng ca c s sn xut . Tuy nhin, ngh nh thu ph nc thi ca Vit Nam ch quy nh truy thu ph nc thi i vi cc doanh nghip trong trng hp doanh nghip k khai lng thi t hn lng thi thc t sau khi c kt qu ly mu kim tra, phn tch. Ngh nh thu ph nc thi ca Vit Nam khng quy nh mc pht hay cc hnh thc pht nu doanh nghip khng np ph hoc khng hp tc khi c quan qun l mi trng tin hnh thanh tra c s sn xut kinh doanh. C th thy rng vi cc bin php qun l, gim st cht ch v c hiu lc hn nn quy nh thu ph nc thi ca Philippines c nhng tc dng ng k trong qun l nc thi cng nghip vng h Laguna. Trong 3 nm u tin p dng ch thu ph nc thi, Ban qun l h Laguna ca Philipines thu c tng s ph l 34 triu Peso vi s lng doanh nghip np ph tng t 275 (nm 1997) ln 520 (nm 1999), v lng cht thi BOD t cc doanh nghip ny gim i 88%. C quan qun l mi trng trong vng cng ng ca 50 doanh nghip trong 2 nm 1998-1999 do cc doanh nghip ny vi phm cc quy nh v thu ph nc thi. i vi Vit Nam, ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP c trin khai trong thi gian 5 nm v c nhng tc ng tch cc nht nh nhng vic trin khai thc hin vn tn ti nhiu vn . T l cc doanh nghip np ph v s ph thu c t t l khng cao. S ph thu c so vi s ph thm nh H Ni hng nm (2005-2007) ch t di 30% (Nguyn Thanh Thm, 2009), trong khi Bc Ninh t l thu ph t nm 2004-2008 ch t 29% (S Ti nguyn v mi trng Bc Ninh, 2009). Mc pht cc c s sn xut khng chp hnh quy nh np ph nc thi hoc xy dng h thng x l nc thi c nh gi l thp, do vy nhiu n v sn sng np pht c sn xut v gy nhim mi trng hn l ngng gy

nhim (www.vietnamplus.vn ngy 29/8/2009). 3.1.4. V qun l v s dng ph nc thi Theo thng t 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT th 20% tng s tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip thu c Vit Nam c li cho S Ti nguyn v Mi trng trang tri chi ph cho vic thu ph v chi ph nh gi, ly mu phn tch nc thi phc v cho vic kim tra nh k hoc t xut i vi nc thi cng nghip t ln th hai tr i. Phn ph cn li (80% trn tng s tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip thu c) c np vo ngn sch nh nc v phn chia cho cc cp ngn sch: Ngn sch trung ng hng 50% b sung vn hot ng ca Qu Bo v mi trng Vit Nam; Ngn sch a phng hng 50% s dng cho vic bo v mi trng trn a bn (phng nga, khc phc v x l nhim, suy thoi v s c mi trng), u t mi, no vt cng rnh, duy tu, bo dng h thng thot nc ti a phng. Theo quy nh ca chnh ph Philippines th 80% doanh thu t thu ph nc thi khu vc h Laguna s c c quan qun l mi trng trong vng s dng chi tr cc chi ph qun l v thc hin cc bin php thanh tra, gim st, tng cng qun l cht lng nc. Phn cn li (20%) s c chnh quyn a phng s dng cho cc d n mi trng ca a phng chng hn xy dng h thng x l nc thi. Nh vy, c quan qun l mi trng Philippines s c ngun kinh ph di do hn trin khai cng tc qun l, gim st cc c s sn xut. cng c th l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn n cng tc qun l nc thi ca Philippines khu vc h Laguna t kt qu v hiu qu cao hn. 4. KT LUN Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP v ch thu, np, qun l v s dng ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi (bao gm c nc thi cng nghip) ca Vit Nam c trin khai t nm 2004 v t c nhng kt qu ban u ng khch l. Mc d vy c th thc hin tt hn na vic thu ph nc thi cng nghip, gp phn gim thiu tnh trng nhim mi trng th vic iu chnh mc ph v cch tnh ph i vi cc c s sn xut l cn thit va t c mc tiu to ngun thu cho ngn sch, va to ra ng lc khuyn khch cc c s sn xut p dng cc bin php x l nhim mi trng. Kinh nghim tnh ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip theo ph c nh hng nm, ph bin i da vo hm lng cht nhim trong tiu chun cho php v vt qu tiu chun cho php ca Ban qun l h Laguna Philippines c th l c s tt tham kho v iu chnh mc ph v cch tnh ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip Vit Nam. Ngoi ra trong iu kin ngun lc c hn tng cng hiu lc cng tc thu ph nc thi th ban u vic thu ph ch nn c thc hin i vi mt hoc mt vi cht nhim ch yu v ch i vi cc c s sn xut gy nhim ng k c th tp trung c ngun lc thc hin cng tc thu ph. Sau khi h thng thu ph i vo hot ng tt th c th m rng i tng chu ph v i tng np ph... Thc hin thnh cng vic thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi s to iu kin thun li cho vic trin khai thc hin cng tc thu cc loi ph bo v mi trng khc nh ph bo v mi trng i vi kh thi, cht thi rn, trn c s s gp phn kim sot v khc phc c hiu qu tnh trng nhim mi trng trong thi gian ti.

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1. Ermawati D.W. (2000) The Role of Environmental User Fees in Improving Water Quality in the Philippines. (www.gsid.nagoya-u.ac.jp/..../Individual.pdf) 2. Ken Rubin (2000). Establishing an industrial wastewater effluent fee program, Laguna de Bay, Philippines. (www.gwptoolbox.org/index.php) 3. Laplante B. (2006). Review of Implementation of Decree 67/2003 on Environmental Protection Charges for Wastewater in Viet Nam. UNDP report. 4. Nguyn Th Chinh (2006). nh gi tnh hnh thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi theo ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP. K yu hi tho khoa hc p dng cng c kinh t cho qun l mi trng Vit Nam: Thc trng v gii php. (tr.84-97)

5. Nguyn Mu Dng (2007). Tnh hnh thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi Vit Nam. Tp ch khoa hc, trng i hc nng nghip H Ni. S 3 nm 2006. (tr. 73-80) 6. Nguyn Thanh Thm (2009). p dng ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip ti thnh ph H Ni. Lun vn cao hc. i hc Kinh t quc dn. 7. OECD (2005). Cc cng c kinh t qun l nhim mi trng ca cc nc OECD (www.oecd.org.env/policies/database). 8. S Ti nguyn v mi trng Bc Ninh (2009). Bo co kt qu trin khai ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP t 2004-2008. 9. Ngh nh 67/2003/N-CP quy nh v ch thu, np, qun l v s dng ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi, ngy 13/06/2003. 10. Thng t lin tch s 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT, ngy 18/12/2003. 11. www.vietnamplus.vn ngy 29/8/2009 Kh thu ph nc thi cng nghip Th su, 13/08/2010, 01:05 (GMT+7) Ngy 12-8, S TN-MT TPHCM t chc hp v vn thu ph nc thi. Chng trnh ny c trin khai t nm 2005 nhng n nay vn cn nhiu bt cp cha c tho g. ng Nguyn Minh Hong, Ph Chi cc trng Chi cc Bo v mi trng TPHCM, cho bit, tnh t 2005 n nay tng ph nc thi thu c hn 536 t ng. Trong ph nc thi sinh hot chim hn 90%, cn nc thi cng nghip ch khong 10%. L gii nguyn nhn ph nc thi thu t doanh nghip (DN) qu t, ng Nguyn Minh Hong cho bit, ph nc thi sinh hot do Tng cng ty Cp nc Si Gn thu theo ha n tin nc nn thu . Nc thi cng nghip c S TN-MT giao Chi cc Bo v mi trng phi hp vi Phng TN-MT cc qun huyn, KCN-KCX thc hin, nhng c rt t DN np ph so vi thc t x thi. Nguyn do, phn ln cc DN cha t gic chp hnh quy nh v np ph, khng k khai hoc k khai khng ng thc t x thi. Mt khc, vic xc nh chnh xc lng v nng cht nhim ca tng DN rt kh. Trc khi n DN ly mu nc thi thm nh, chi cc phi thng bo trc nn nhiu DN i ph bng cch gim cng sut, ngng hot ng cc khu pht sinh nc thi, vn hnh h thng x l nc thi (thng thng khng vn hnh do chi ph vn hnh h thng x l nc thi qu cao) hoc pha long nc thi Mt khc, mc ph nc thi nc ta lc hu so vi thc t. C th, mc ph khong 300 ng/kg BOD, COB hoc 400 ng/kg cht rn l lng (TSS) qu thp so vi cc nc trong khu vc (khong 15.000- 16.000 ng/kg BOD, COD hoc TSS). iu ny khng khuyn khch cc DN u t h thng x l nc thi v tr ph nc thi cng nghip vn r hn rt nhiu. Ngoi ra, hin vic x l nhng DN c tnh khng thc hin vic k khai np ph gp nhiu lng tng, ch yu ch dng li mc nhc nh, cha th x l bng hnh thc khc. Do vy, cc c quan chc nng cn iu chnh mc ph nc thi ph hp hn vi thc t, ng thi c bin php ch ti mnh tay nhm x l nhng DN khng chu np ph. Trc thc t , S TN-MT cho rng, Chnh ph nn sm iu chnh b sung i tng np ph bo v mi trng, loi cht thi vi sinh, mc ph i vi nc thi cng nghip. Cc qun huyn c k hoch gim st thu ph nc thi hng nm C nh vy mi trnh tht thu ngn sch TP t vic khng thu c ph nc thi cng nghip.

X l doanh nghip trn np ph nc thiChng l bt lc?

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Mi nm ngn sch TPHCM b tht thu hng t ng do nhiu doanh nghip trn np ph nc thi. Tnh trng ny v ang rt ph bin ti nhiu tnh thnh khc trn c nc. V nu nhn s tin m cc doanh nghip thuc i tng phi np ph nc thi trn c nc trn np th thit hi cho ngn sch l qu ln.
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Cc c quan chc nng bt lc trong vic x l nhng doanh nghip trn np ph l do quy nh v vn ny cn qu nhiu bt cp. C th Ngh nh 63 quy nh x pht nhng doanh nghip c tnh khng np ph nc thi cng nghip c. Mc x pht cng c nh r, nhng ai l ngi c thm quyn x pht trong lnh vc ny th li khng c xc nh r. n c nh ti TPHCM, Chi cc Bo v mi trng c cng vn gi S Ti chnh yu cu thc hin x pht nhng doanh nghip trn ngha v np ph, nhng S Ti chnh li cho rng thuc v x pht hnh chnh trong lnh vc mi trng, nn phi do thanh tra chuyn ngnh v mi trng ph trch. V pha thanh tra trong lnh vc mi trng cho rng, Ngh nh 81 quy nh v vic x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng khng quy nh c php x pht i tng c hnh vi trn np ph nc thi cng nghip. Cn trong Ngh nh 63 v vic x pht doanh nghip c hnh vi trn np ph nc thi cng nghip th li khng quy nh thanh tra chuyn ngnh mi trng c quyn x pht. Trc thc t bt cp trn, Chi cc Bo v mi trng TPHCM gi kin ngh ln B Ti nguyn v Mi trng yu cu iu chnh theo hng quy nh r n v chc nng, thm quyn x pht i vi nhng doanh nghip vi phm trong lnh vc np ph nc thi cng nghip. Th nhng, cho n nay kin ngh lu m vn cha nhn c hi m. Kt qu l nhiu doanh nghip trn np ph nc thi cng nghip vn ung dung tn ti. Trn thc t, hin c rt nhiu doanh nghip cha thc hin ngha v np ph nc thi cng nghip t nm 2004 n nay. S tin m cc doanh nghip n c khi ln n c t ng mc m theo quy nh v np thu doanh nghip l mc cc k nghim trng v phi b x l bng hnh thc truy t hnh s. gim thiu tht thu cho ngn sch nh nc, ng thi to s cng bng trong hot ng sn xut gia cc doanh nghip thc hin tt ngha v np ph vi nhng doanh nghip khng np, cc chi cc bo v mi trng n v c giao thu ph phi nh n p lc ca cc phng tin truyn thng, c th l nu tn cc doanh nghip cha np ph t nm 2004 n nay. Tuy nhin, vi cch lm ny ch l gii php tnh th, cha thc s gii quyt trit vn trn np ph nc thi cng nghip. C th ni, vic quy nh x pht khng chi tit, r rng v c th v ang nh cc c quan chc nng khi thc thi php lut. Mt khc, iu ny cng to k h cho cc i tng thc hin cc hnh vi vi phm Lut Bo v mi trng. Vic iu chnh sm v cp bch nhng bt cp trong ngh nh x pht v ph nc thi cng nghip l cn thit trnh tht thu cho ngn sch nh nc. Bn thn doanh nghip s phi tp iu chnh thi quen theo hng chp hnh nghim Lut Bo v mi trng. MINH XUN Yu cu doanh nghip phi lp k khai x l cht thi Ban qun l KCX-KCN TPHCM va yu cu cc doanh nghip trong khu phi thc hin thng k x l mi trng. C th, doanh nghip phi k khai hot ng sn xut v cht thi pht sinh; cc bin php x l cht thi nh nc thi, kh thi, cht thi rn cng nghip, cht thi nguy hi (nu c), cht thi sinh hot. c bit, vic yu cu cc doanh nghip thc hin bo co tnh hnh x l mi trng ti n v mnh s l c s cc c quan chc nng cn c thc hin kim tra, thanh tra vic chp hnh Lut Bo v mi trng. Trng hp nhng doanh nghip c tnh k khai khng ng hoc k khai nhng khng x l cht thi hoc x l mang tnh hnh thc s b x l theo ng quy nh.

Nu doanh nghip c tnh ti vi phm hnh vi vi phm mi trng nhiu ln, hoc vi phm vi hnh thc tng nng, s b buc tm ngng hot ng cng on pht sinh nc thi. H.L. Thm mt n v b x pht v vi phm mi trng Cng ty c phn Nh hng Nam Bc Nh hng White Palace (qun Ph Nhun) va b Thanh tra S Ti nguyn v Mi trng x pht v c hnh vi vi phm mi trng nghim trng. C th n v ny x nc thi vt tiu chun cho php trn 5 ln i vi nc thi c php x thi loi B. Vi hnh vi vi phm mi trng trn, n v b x pht vi mc pht tin l 23 triu ng. Ngoi ra, n v cn b buc tm ngng hot ng cng on pht sinh nc thi cho n khi ci to hon thnh h thng x l nc thi, m bo thu gom, x l nc thi pht sinh t hot ng ca nh hng White Palace t tiu chun loi B trc khi thi ra mi trng. T.M.

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Gii php nhm hn ch nhim mi trng

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Thc hin Ch th 36/CT-TW ca B Chnh tr v tng cng cng tc bo v mi trng (BVMT) trong thi kz cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc, B xy dng trin khai thc hin k hoch gim thiu nhim v BVMT ti cc c s sn xut kinh doanh trong ngnh. Ch trng ca B xy dng l c bit ch trng ti cc bin php x l cht thi gy nhim (v d nh khi thi ca cc nh my gch tuynen, cc l gch t nhn; nc thi ca nh my kho, nh my tm lp; bi thi ca nh my xi mng sn xut theo cng ngh l ng; bi thi c cha aming ca nh my tm lp v cht thi rn ca cc c s sn xut...) v u t trang thit b cng ngh thch hp m bo c mt mi trng trong sch ngay trong khu vc sn xut v khng gy nhim i vi cc khu vc xung quanh.

Trn nhng quan im v t c im ca cc lnh vc sn xut, ngnh xy dng ra mt s cc gii php cng ngh nhm hn ch nhim mi trng ti cc c s sn xut in hnh ca ngnh: 1. Ti cc nh my xi mng. nhim mi trng ch yu pht sinh t cc nh my sn xut xi mng theo cng ngh l ng v cng ngh l quay phng php t khng c h thng iu khin t ng, t nhiu nh my khng c h thng x l cht thi hoc h thng c, hng, khng hot ng. Cc nh my xi mng l quay cng ngh kh c trang b h thng x l cht thi, v vy t gy nhim mi trng, cng tc BVMT y ch yu l kim sot k cc khu vn chuyn nguyn vt liu v v sinh trong khu vc sn xut. Ph thi trong dy chuyn sn xut xi mng bao gm x than, nc thi, bi. X than ca l t khng gy c hi, c th c s dng lm cht ph gia. Nc thi ch yu l nc c s dng cho cng on lm mt my nn khng cha cc cht c hi gy nhim mi trng. nhim ch yu trong qu trnh sn xut xi mng l nhim bi, v vy ti tt c cc im pht sinh bi u cn phi c h thng x l thch hp. Tuz theo nng m s dng h thng lc bi 2 cp (cp 1 l xyclon, cp 2 l lc bi tnh in) hoc h thng lc bi 1 cp dng loi lc bi kiu ti c h thng hon nguyn ti lc bng rung r. Cc im pht bi ti cc cng on vn chuyn, ng bao v xut hng c trang b lc bi tay o. My nghin c thit k lp t lc bi tnh in. i vi cc nh my xi mng phi tin hnh u t trang b cc thit b lc bi tin tin, ng dng cc cng ngh gim thiu SOx v NOx thi ra mi trng hoc thc hin i mi cng ngh sn xut. Vn tit kim nng lng c quan tm v c nhiu bin php tch cc chuyn giao cc cng ngh tit kim nng lng v gim thiu CO2 chng nhim mi trng. Chng hn nh d n mu v tit kim nng lng, tn dng nhit tha t l nung klinker chy my pht in do t chc NEDO (Nht Bn) ti tr ang c thc hin ti Nh my xi mng H Tin II. i vi cc nh my gy nhim nghim trng nm xen k trong khu dn c th phi nh ch sn xut hoc di chuyn a im. 2. Ti cc nh my sn xut gch (gch men, gch p lt...) v cc l gch t nhn. Cht thi rn ca nh my c s lng khng ln, ch yu l cc sn phm bn ho hc, khng b phn hu hoc to ra mi kh chu, c th ti s dng nn v mt mi trng cc cht thi ny khng phi l iu ng quan tm. Thnh phn nc thi ca nh my bao gm cc tp cht v c khng tan, cng cha mt s cht hu c l lng v ho tan, mt s vi trng gy bnh. Kh thi ch yu sinh ra do t du FO, DO khi sy, nung gch vi khi c cha cc cht nhim nh oxit lu huznh, oxit nit, oxit cacbon, hydrocacbon, aldehyt v kh HF sinh ra do phn hu t st. Bi thi ch yu pht sinh trong cc cng on vn chuyn nguyn liu, nghin, sy phun, trng men, l nung rolic v ch yu l bi than, cc ht bi v c (t ),

bi silic c kch thc rt nh. Ngun nhim ch yu l bi t xyclon lc bi ca nh my. hn ch tnh trng nhim mi trng khng kh, ti cc nh my s dng bin php pht tn qua ng khi; lp t h thng x l khi thi t l nung, l sy (cho khi thi i qua thit b lc t dng a hoc dng m...) gim nng cc cht nhim trc khi pht tn vo kh quyn; trang b h thng ht bi, thit b tch bi xyclon hoc bung lng, thit b lc bi ti vi, ng tay o... cc cng on: Sy phun, cn ong phi liu, p v sy phun, trng men v l nung rolic. Sau khi i qua cc thit b x l, phn ln bi v mt phn kh c hi c tch ra khi kh thi, kh thi li tip tc c lm sch bng h thng lc bi 2 cp m cp lc th 2 l lc ti vi. Nh vy kh nng thu hi bi thi c th t ti 98%, m bo v sinh mi trng. Ti khu vc lm vic ca cng nhn b tr cc h thng ht bi cc b ht v lc bi. i vi cc l gch t nhn sn xut theo cng ngh l ng, khng c h thng x l kh thi hoc h thng x l{ c, hng gy nhim mi trng nghim trng s nh ch nhng c s gy nhim qu nng, qui hoch li - xy dng h thng l nung tuynen c trang b h thng x l cht thi (trong khi ch qui hoch, cc l gch thay phin nhau hot ng hoc chuyn i sn xut). 3. Ti nh my sn xut tm lp aming. Hi ngh quc t chuyn v vic s dng aming Montreal (Canada) thng 7/1997 khng nh si aming loi crysotyl sn xut tm lp l v hi i vi con ngi khi tip xc qua ng tiu ho hay trc tip vi da v ch nh hng n ng h hp ging nh cc loi bi v c khc (ging nh bi silic khng t phn hu trong phi m c tch t li gy bnh bi phi). Vn chnh c t ra cho cc nh my sn xut tm lp l phi kim sot c lng bi c cha cc si aming, v vy phi kim sot trit khu pha trn bi khng pht sinh hoc khuych tn ra mi trng xung quanh, p ng tiu chun v sinh mi trng, ngn nga cc bnh ngh nghip. Cng ngh sn xut tm lp s dng phng php xeo nn qu trnh sn xut cn dng rt nhiu nc, v vy vic kim sot nc thi phi c ch trng. Nc thi sn xut ca nh my ch yu c hm lng kim v cht l lng cao, cc cht thi rn c trong nc thi to cn trng dc theo tuyn mng thi. Nc thi c cha cc sn phm ca qu trnh thu ho si aming v xi mng. Cc cht l lng trong nc ch yu l cht rn v c v mi trng kim do dung dch hydroxyt canxi to ra. Phng php c xut x l{ nc thi l dng khi l kt hp s dng axit lm gim lng kim trong nc thi, thit k xy dng h thng s dng kh thi, xy dng h thng b lng, x l lng b sung bng cc cht keo t khi cn thit nhm m bo nc thi sau khi x l{ t tiu chun qui nh i vi nc thi cng nghip. Ti dy chuyn sn xut tm xi mng aming c chng hp bng hi nc, khi ca l hi dng than antraxit ch yu cha kh CO2, lng SO2 v CO l khng ng k. Lng kh CO2

ny s phn ng vi hydroxyt canxi trong nc thi to thnh cacbonat canxi kt ta trng. Cc cht l lng s c lng c hc trong cc b lng ngang (nu lng cht l lng vn cn cao s c x l tip bng ho cht keo t). Lng kim s c trung ho bng dung dch axit sunfuaric. Sau nc thi c a vo x l lng c hc, tch cn lng v thi ra ngoi theo mng thot nc. Cc kho cha nguyn vt liu phi c trang b h thng lc bi, qut ht gi v c xy dng nhng ni cao ro, thng thong. Mt s c s sn xut gy nhim nghim trng c th s thay i loi hnh sn xut (v d ti tnh Thi Nguyn). 4. Xng sn xut vi th cng theo cng ngh l ng, xng khai thc . Cc c s ny nm ri rc mt s tnh gy nhim mi trng nghim trng bi khi, bi. Trong tng lai cn phi di chuyn a im v i mi cng ngh sn xut tin tin, hin i. Mt khc cn ch trng qui hoch li vic khai thc ti nguyn m bo mi trng sinh thi ca khu vc. 5. Xng sn xut b tng. Ngun gy nhim chnh l nc thi v bi nhng mc trung bnh. Bin php ngn nga nhim l xy dng b lng, gn b lc cyclon lm gim bi v khi. 6. Cc c s sn xut c kh (sn xut kho, bi, n, tm lt cho xi mng, vt t thit b phc v xy dng...). Cc c s ny t gy nhim mi trng. Ngun pht sinh nhim ch yu l nhit tha, ting n v nc thi, kh thi t cc phn xng m. Ring i vi Nh my kho Minh Khai n nay u t ci to h thng x l{ nc thi v ang u t kinh ph cho x l kh thi. Trong qu trnh m, mt lng ln cht c hi v ho cht s dng c x vo mi trng nc v khng kh. Cc cht c hi nh Cr+6 c tc ng xu ti sc khe con ngi nh gy ra bnh ung th, vim lot d dy, Ni tc ng n ng h hp, mui km gy ra cc cn co git. Kim loi trong nc thi cha c x l s thm su vo t gy nhim nc ngm. Nc thi c cha axit dng trong qu trnh ty g gy nn n mn b tng v kim loi ca h thng thot nc, gy phn hu x phng c trong nc thi, to vng lm cn tr qu trnh thot nc v ho tan oxy trong nc thi. X l{ nc thi ca Nh my kha Minh Khai c tin hnh theo phng php trao i ion, tin hnh phn ly nc thi c cha cc kim loi crm, niken t phn xng c kh. i vi nc thi c cha axit v kim th c thu gom vo b iu ho. Nc thi c cha crm c x l bng dung dch sunfat st 2, nc thi c cha niken c x l bng dung dch hydroxyt canxi, tch cn lng v chuyn ti ni qui nh. Cht thi rn ch yu l phoi tin, phoi gang v vn st nhng s lng khng ln v c thu gom, vn chuyn n bi chn lp.

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Minh rat thich linh vuc ve Moi truong tu khi con hoc pho thong. Rat may man minh hoc DH va duoc lam viec trong linh vuc nay. Linh vuc moi truong la mot linh vuc "khng mi nhng cn phi lun mi" va doi hoi kien thuc phai rong, lien quan den nhieu linh vuc, nhieu doi tuong tham chi la nhieu Quoc gia nen can phai nghiem tuc hoc tap va nghien cuu nhung noi dung trong linh vuc nay. Minh rat mong duoc hoc tap them kien thuc, trao doi kinh nghiem cung doc gia. mail: dangthanhlam05@yahoo.com.vn

c vit bi Dang Thanh Lam

Minh rat thich linh vuc ve Moi truong tu khi con hoc pho thong. Rat may man minh hoc DH va duoc lam viec trong linh vuc nay. Linh vuc moi truong la mot linh vuc "khng mi nhng cn phi lun mi" va doi hoi kien thuc phai rong, lien quan den nhieu linh vuc, nhieu doi tuong tham chi la nhieu Quoc gia nen can phai nghiem tuc hoc tap va nghien cuu nhung noi dung trong linh vuc nay. Minh rat mong duoc hoc tap them kien thuc, trao doi kinh nghiem cung doc gia. mail: dangthanhlam05@yahoo.com.vn

Chm vit bi i bn Chng ta cng trao i vi nhau v lnh vc ny

mnh cng hc mi trng.rt mun tm hiu k hn v ngnh ny,c bn no c ti liu v lnh vc ny th cho mnh vi nh.cm n nhiu

Ngi trong ngh mi trng ni chung cn bit "tt c mi th" v vy bn cn phi bit tt c mi th^V^=> hc tt c!!!

lm trong lnh vc khoa hc mi trng cn tm hiu su, tuy nhin do iu kin nc ta cha pht trin cc cng ngh x l{ mi trng ch yu vn k tha c s sng to v vy c phn hn ch trong s dng cc bin php x l{ mi trng. Mnh lm nhiu DTM nn cng thy nhiu bt cp v phng php x l nhim nhiu lc thy rt nn. nu bn no c ti liu v cc loi DTM ca cho mnh tham kho vi nha mail ca mnh:levanbinhttqt@gmail.com

c vit bi lebinhbg

lm trong lnh vc khoa hc mi trng cn tm hiu su, tuy nhin do iu kin nc ta cha pht trin cc cng ngh x l mi trng ch yu vn k tha c s sng to v vy c phn hn ch trong s dng cc bin php x l mi trng. Mnh lm nhiu DTM nn cng thy nhiu bt cp v phng php x l nhim nhiu lc thy rt nn. nu bn no c ti liu v cc loi DTM ca cho mnh tham kho vi nha mail ca mnh: levanbinhttqt@gmail.com

ng vi anh Linh.Lm TM nhiu thy c s h tng v vic x l{ nc,rc thi ca cc nh my,c s sn xut kinh doanh l iu qu bt cp.Anh ch em c ti liu v cc loi TM th cho mnh tham kho vi nh.Mail mnh : tuanyoyo@gmail.com " gii php nhm hn ch nhim mi trng" rng qu bn i, nh vy ch tr li chung chung l X L ti ngun. Trc khi thi cht thi ra mi trng phi x l ph hp vi quy chun mi trng th s gim thiu c nhim.

cc bc u lm trong ngnh mi trng nn bit nhiu, quan h rng. bc no c ngun nha thi khng hp tc vi em. em mua v ti sinh li thnh ht nha. y cng l 1 bin php bo v mi trng ng khng cc bc. cc bc lin h vi em inh Ngc Anh, 01216019686,ngocanhhoaithu@gmail.com . rt mong c hp tc vi cc bc. em cng nh cc bc t vn cho em vi, khi gia nhit lm nng chy nha (khong 200 ) sau ko thnh si nh, lm lnh qua nc ri ct thnh ht nh. qu trnh n nha ny c

sinh ra khi v mi kh chu. bc no bit c th t vn cho em x l{ khi ny nh no va n gin m li hiu qu. Nha ny l nha c lm sch (PP, PE, ABS, PS). cm n cc bc

mnh cng lm trong lnh vc ny, cng lam cng thy kin thc khng nhiu. v vy cc bn jup mnh nhe

mnh thy mi ngi tham gia din n rt tch cc.mnh cng hc trong lnh vc mi trng v mong mun c lm vic trong lnh vc ny. lm c iu ny qu tht mnh cn phi n lc hon thin rt nhiu v mt kin thc v kinh nghim.tuy nhin trong qu trnh c gng mnh thy kh kh khn.nhng c l v s am m v yu mi trng mnh phi c gng bc tip...! Gii php th nhiu nhng thc hin th kh qu. Vn l ch chng ta khng chn nhng nguy c ngay t u m ton "x l cui ng ng" thi. Nan gii!!!

Hix. ng l chng ta gy ra ri mi i gii quyt hu qu. Chng ta hy gii quyt nhng tc hi xy ra v ngn chn nhng th cha xy ra. Bt u thi, dng nhng sn phm thn thit vi mi trng,

C mt nghch l cc k th v hin nay l chng ta ang khuyn khch cc nh my, x nghip lp t, pht trin h thng hay c nhng bin php hiu qu x l cht thi, song cha ch trng, hay ni ng hn l cha ging hi chung nh thc vn Vit Nam ang dn l bi rc ca th gii. Xt kha cnh no , bo ch cng cp, nhng v mt s l do nhy cm nn dng nh vn ny ang b "dm hng". D th no cng rt vui v vn mi trng lun c cc bn quan tm! ^^ Chc c nh vui v!

-->MO SN LNG VIC LM NGNH MI TRNG HIU QU<-GII PHP NO CHO GIM THIU NHIM MI TRNG TRONG SN XUT NNG NGHIP? Sn xut nng nghip c vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t ca nc ta, hng nm ng gp khong 24% GDP v 30% gi tr xut khu ca c nc. Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng thnh tu t c l vn nhim mi trng ang ngy cng e da n s pht trin bn vng ca ngnh nng nghip v mi trng nng thn.

Mt s vn bc xc v mi trng hin nay lin quan trc tip ti sn xut nng nghip, l tnh trng ti nguyn rng v bin b xung cp; a dng sinh hc b suy gim; nhim mi trng t hot ng nui trng thu sn, ch bin thu sn; suy thoi mi trng t do xi mn v canh tc qu mc trong sn xut nng nghip; mi trng ao h, sng b nhim do cht thi t cng nghip, nng nghip, lng ngh; nhim rc thi, nc thi sinh hot v chn nui gia sc, gia cm nng thn... Theo B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (NN v PTNT), hin c nc c gn 5.000 nh my ch bin vi quy m cng nghip cc sn phm nng, lm sn. Hng nm, cc nh my ny thi vo mi trng khi lng ln cc cht thi c 3 dng kh, lng, rn sinh ra trong qu trnh sn xut tiu th nng lng, tiu th nc v cc cht b loi b trong qu trnh ch bin, ng gi. Cht lng nc nhiu c s ch bin nng lm sn b nhim nghim trng, mt s ni mc bo ng. Nguyn nhn chnh l do bt cp trong cng tc quy hoch sn xut; t chc thc hin php lut lin quan cn yu; cc ngun lc cho cng tc bo v mi trng trong ch bin nng lm sn khng p ng nhu cu. Mt nghin cu ca Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Mi trng, i hc Bch Khoa cho thy, nhim nc thi cc lng ngh l rt nghim trng, nh hng r rt ti sc kho ca ngi lao ng, dn c v mt s khu vc xung quanh. Cc bnh v ng h hp, au mt, bnh ngoi da... gia tng, thm ch dn ti cc bnh mn tnh nguy him nh ung th, qui thai, nhim c kim loi nng. Chn nui cng l ngnh c nhiu cht thi gy nhim mi trng khng kh nng thn. nhim nhit, nhim ting n v nguy c ly cc bnh t vt nui sang ngi ngy cng tng cao do cng ngh, phng thc v quy m chn nui nc ta cn lc hu, nh, phn tn, xen ln trong khu dn c. Do kh nng u t cho chn nui cn rt hn ch a s nng dn nn vic u t cho cng tc bo v mi trng trong chn nui thng b b qua... Vit Nam nm trong khu h rng ma nhit i nn rng nc ta ni ting v ti nguyn g v a dng sinh hc. Tuy nhin, din tch rng b thu hp nhanh chng, hng nm c khong 100.000 ha rng b mt. Rng ngp mn gim 80%, khong 96% cc rng san h b e do hu hoi nghim trng. Do mt ni c tr nhiu loi b tuyt chng hoc b suy thoi. Trong sch Vit Nam ghi 407 loi ng vt v 448 loi thc vt l nhng loi qu

him ang b e do. p lc nhim mi trng nng nghip t phn bn ang c xu hng gia tng; vic s dng phn bn tuy cha gy nhng nh hng nghim trng cho cht lng mi trng nng nghip, tuy nhin tim n nguy c tch lu mt s kim loi nng c hi (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb...) p lc nhim mi trng t, mi trng nc v cht lng nng sn b suy gim do s dng v bo qun thuc bo v thc vt cha ng quy nh nn gy nhim mi trng t, nc, khng kh v nng sn gy nhiu hu qu nghim trng. Suy thoi mi trng t do sa mc ho kh nghim trng trong nng nghip Vit Nam, c bit ti mt s tnh min Trung (Ninh Thun, Qung Tr, Qung Bnh...). Nhm bo v a dng sinh hc v hn ch nhim mi trng, B NN v PTNT ra mt s gii php sau: - i vi cc lng ngh cc c quan Nh nc cn tin hnh, quy hoch, t chc, phn b li sn xut ti cc lng ngh cho ph hp vi tnh cht c th ca tng loi hnh lng ngh. i vi ngi sn xut v cng ng ti cc lng ngh tng cng cng tc ph bin, gio dc, tuyn truyn vn ng v v sinh mi trng, an ton lao ng n tn h sn xut c th v t chc x hi. i vi ngi ch sn xut ti cc lng ngh cn tun th cc quy nh v v sinh mi trng mt cch cht ch. - Trong lnh vc ch bin nng, lm sn cn ch trng cng tc quy hoch sn xut ch bin. Gii php x l{ nc thi bng biogas cn c khuyn co rng ri. Ch trng cng tc quy hoch sn xut ch bin; u t cng tc nghin cu khoa hc v cc cng ngh ch bin sch hn... - Xy dng v trin khai cc chnh sch khuyn khch pht trin chn nui "sch", h tr xy dng cc cng trnh x l cht thi chn nui. Quy hoch chn nui v y mnh qun l nh nc v mi trng trong chn nui. Tng cng hp tc trong v ngoi nc v nghin cu khoa hc v chuyn giao cng ngh nhm bo v mi trng trong chn nui. - Li cun cng ng ng dn tham gia cc hot ng bo v mi trng. Nng cao nhn thc v bo v mi trng v pht trin bn vng trong ngnh thu sn. Trong qu trnh pht trin, hot ng mi trng ca ngnh thu sn cn phi phi hp vi cc ngnh kinh t khc, c bit l nhng ngnh kinh t pht trin trn bin v ven bin nh du lch, cng bin, giao thng... - Gim st cht ch s dng cc ho cht dng trong nng nghip nh phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt. T chc thu gom, x l, chn lp tp trung cht thi rn, cht thi nguy hi hn ch nh hng n mi trng ni chung v ngun nc xung quanh. u tin u t pht trin v bo v rng cng nh cc bin php hon nguyn mi trng nhng khu vc b sa mc ho, cc khu vc b nh hng mnh ca xi mn ra tri. Tuyn truyn, ph bin, gio dc, nng cao nhn thc v qun l bo v rng; c bit nng cao trch nhim ca ch rng, chnh quyn cc cp v s tham gia ca cc ngnh cc t chc x hi vo bo

v rng. Va qua, B NN v PTNT ra Ch th s 1504 v vic tng cng qun l{ ng k{, nhp khu, sn xut kinh doanh v s dng thuc BVTV, ng thi ch o h thng chuyn ngnh BVTV hng dn, tp hun nng dn v quy trnh sn xut nng sn an ton, s dng thuc BVTV an ton hiu qu, m bo v sinh, an ton lao ng. Tuy nhin, bn cnh , cc B, ngnh cn thc y v khuyn khch nghin cu c nhiu sn phm sinh hc thn thin vi mi trng c th thay th dn thuc BVTV ha hc, gp phn gim thiu nhim mi trng trong sn xut nng nghip.

Nc ta thc hin cng nghip ho - hin i ho v ng nhin l ko theo th ho. Theo kinh nghim ca nhiu nc, tnh hnh nhim mi trng cng gia tng nhanh chng. Nu tc tng trng GDP trong vng 10 nm ti tng bnh qun khong 7%/nm, trong GDP cng nghip khong 8-9%/nm, mc th ho t 23% nm ln 33% nm 2000, th n nm 2010 lng nhim do cng nghip c th tng ln gp 2,4 ln so vi by gi, lng nhim do nng nghip v sinh hot cng c th gp i mc hin nay. Trong qu trnh pht trin, nht l trong thp k va qua, cc th ln nh H Ni, thnh ph H Ch Minh, gp phi nhiu vn mi trng ngy cng nghim trng, do cc hot ng sn xut cng nghip, nng nghip, giao thng vn ti v sinh hot gy ra. Ti thnh ph H Ch Minh c 25 khu cng nghip tp trung hot ng vi tng s 611 nh my trn din tch 2298 ha t. Theo kt qu tnh ton, hot ng ca cc khu cng nghip ny cng vi 195 c s trng im bn ngoi khu cng nghip, th mi ngy thi vo h thng sng Si Gn - ng Nai tng cng 1.740.000 m3 nc thi cng nghip, trong c khong 671 tn cn l lng, 1.130 tn BOD5 (lm gim nhu cu xy sinh ho), 1789 tn COD (lm gim nhu cu xy ho hc), 104 tn Nit, 15 tn photpho v kim loi nng. Lng cht thi ny gy nhim cho mi trng nc ca cc con sng vn l ngun cung cp nc sinh hot cho mt ni a bn dn c rng ln, lm nh hng n cc vi sinh vt v h sinh thi vn l tc nhn thc hin qu trnh phn hu v lm sch cc dng sng. V nhim khng kh, ngoi tc ng ca sn xut cng nghip, hot ng giao thng vn ti cng l ngun thi rt quan trng. Ch tnh ring thnh ph H Ch Minh, hng nm cc phng tin vn ti trn a bn thnh ph tiu th khong 210.000 tn xng v 190.000 tn du Dizel. Nh vy thi vo khng kh khong 1100 tn bi, 25 tn ch, 4200 tn CO2, 4500 tn NO2, 116000 tn CO, 1,2 triu tn CO2, 13200 tn Hydrocacbon v 156 tn Aldehyt. Chnh v th, ti nhiu khu vc trong cc th c nng cc cht nhim ln kh cao. Ti H Ni, vo nhng nm 1996-1997 nhim trm trng xy ra xung quanh cc nh my thuc khu cng nghip Thng nh vi ng knh khu vc nhim khong 1700 mt v nng bi ln hn tiu chun cho php khong 2-4 ln; xung quanh cc nh my thuc khu cng nghip Minh Khai Mai

ng, khu vc nhim c ng knh khong 2500 mt v nng bi cng cao hn tiu chun cho php 2-3 ln. Cng ti khu cng nghip Thng nh, kt qu o c cc nm 1997-1998 cho thy nng SO2 trong khng kh vt tiu chun cho php 2-4 ln. Ti thnh ph H Ch Minh v vng kinh t trng im pha Nam, n nm 2010, nu tt c 74 khu cng nghip u s dng ht din tch, th cc x nghip s thi ra mt lng cht thi rn ln ti khong 3500 tn/ngy tc ln gp 29 ln so vi hin nay, trong c khong 700 tn cht thi c hi... Trc nhng im nng v nhim mi trng nh trn, nhiu gii php tng i ng b v c th c kin ngh nhm gii quyt cc vn v mi trng c trong hin ti v trong d bo v chnh sch, chin lc, quy hoch n cc gii php v cng ngh, nhn lc, gii php x hi, cc cng c kinh t v cc bin php quan trc theo di, km theo mt s d n hoc nghin cu su i vi cc trng hp c th. Ti H Ni, ang thc hin gi thu CP7A nhm ci thin h thng thot nc H Ni trn h thng sng T Lch, sng L, sng St, tc ln thc hin cc bin php x l nc thi hu hiu nh ra trong quy hoch tng th thot nc ca H Ni th n nm 2010 hu ht cc con sng H Ni c ch tiu BOD di 25 mg/lt; cn nu khng c bin php ci thin mi trng r rt th ch s BOD s tng gp i so vi thi k 19921994 v khong 1,8 ln so vi thi k 1997-1998, trong sng L s b nhim nng nht vi ch s BOD l 130 mg/l, kh nht l sng St th cng l 54 mg/l; trong tiu chun cho php i vi nc loi A khng qu 4 mg/l, vi nc loi B khng qu 25 mg/l. H Ni cng ang tin hnh d n ci to mi trng i vi khu cng nghip Minh Khai Vnh Tuy, di di cc nh my ra khi vng th ng dn, p dng nguyn tc Ngi gy nhim phi tr tin, Trng hp tnh l ph nc thi ca mt x nghip cng nghip. Thnh ph H Ch Minh lp d n xy dng cc nh my x l cht thi cng nghip v.v... Cc gii php s ch c tc dng gim bt nhim mi trng nu mi ngi cng coi trng v bo v mi trng bng y thc v hnh ng c th ca mi ngi. (Khoa hc v i sng, s 20, ngy 31/3/2003)

Gii php khc phc nhim mi trng

L doanh nghip ln tn ti trn a bn Th chuyn sn xut ung, TCT CP Bia- Ru - Nc gii kht H Ni (HABECO) khng ch c bc pht trin vt bc, nht l trong nhng nm i mi, to vic lm v ci thin i sng cho nhiu lao ng, ng gp ng k ngun thu cho ngn sch m cn quan tm ci thin iu kin lm vic, bo v mi trng trong khu vc. Gn y mt s bo ng bi phn nh Nh my Bia thuc HABECO ti 183 Hong Hoa Thm x nc thi khng t

tiu chun v sinh ra knh mng, gy nhim mi trng mt s khu vc khin b con rt bc xc. G HABECO Nguyn Vn Vit c bui lm vic vi Phng vin Bo TN&MT tr li nhng cu hi xung quanh vn ny. TG Nguyn Vn Vit cho bit: Ch tnh trong 10 nm gn y (1998-2008) HABECO nng sn lng sn xut bia t 51,231 triu lt/nm ln 100 triu lt; doanh thu t 437,605 t ng/nm ln 4.158,5 t ng; np ngn sch t 245,132 t ng/nm ln 2.018,8 t ng. L mt trong nhng c s sn xut ung c tc tng trng nhanh, li nm gia khu dn c, TCT lun nhn thc r vai tr ca mnh trong vic bo m an ton v sinh thc phm cng nh bo v mi trng (BVMT). Chnh v th trong sut qu trnh pht trin, cc th h lnh o HABECO c bit ch trng i mi thit b, cng ngh hin i, u t h thng x l nc thi, cp nht v thc hin nghim tc yu cu ca cc c quan chc nng v cc quy nh php lut BVMT PV: Hot ng u t cho cng tc BVMTca HABECO c tin hnh v t kt qu ra sao, tha ng? ng Nguyn Vn Vit: Nm 2001, thc hin d n nng cng sut t 50 triu lt/ nm ln 100 triu lt/ nm, TCT lp mi hon ton thit b hin i, t ng theo cng ngh mi nht ca chu u t l nu, l hi, h thng x l nc, nui cy men, ln men bng tank t ng ngoi tri, h thng lc, lnh v c bit l h thng x l nc thi. Nh , sn phm t cht lng cao, bo m an ton v sinh cng nghip v BVMT. Thc hin Quyt nh ph chun Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trung ca B trng B KHCN v Mi trung (nay l B Ti nguyn v Mi trng) TCT u t trn 30 t ng lp t h thng thu gom v x l nc thi ca CHLB c. Nm 2004, h thng ny i vo hot ng, bo m cc thng s nc thi sau x l t mc B tiu chun Vit Nam. Cng trong nm 2004, TCT trin khai xy dng, p dng H thng Qun l mi trng theo tiu chun TCVN/ ISO14001: 2004, c c quan TUV Nort (CHLB c) cp giy chng nhn. Cng vi u t thit b, cng ngh hin i v p dng cc gii php KHKT, hng nm HABECO chi ngun vn ln cho vic x l nc thi ti c s sn xut Hong Hoa Thm (Ring tin mua ha cht cho h thng x l nc thi nm 2008 ln ti 371 triu ng, qu 1/2009 l 129 triu ng), u t hng trm triu ng mt nm cho vic no vt h thng nc thi v vn chuyn bn sau x l (nm 2008 l 608 triu ng). Chnh v vy, TCT c B TN & MT chng nhn (Ti Quyt nh 129/ Q-BTNMT ngy 25/11/2006) l c s hon thnh vic thc hin cc bin php x l trit (v mi trng) theo Quyt nh 64/ Q-TTg ngy 22/4/2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph, TCT c cc c quan c thm quyn cng nhn m bo mi trng qua cc vn bn c tnh php l nh: Kt qu gim st mi trng do Hi KHKT phn tch ha- l v sinh hc Vit Nam thc hin trong cc thng 6, 9, 12/2008 v thng 2/2009; Quyt nh 129/QBTNMT ngy 25/11/2006 ca B TN & MT; Giy php x nc thi vo ngun nc ca S TN & MT H Ni ngy 7/2/2007 TCT cn c cc t chc Quc t kim tra, cp Giy chng nhn v p dng hiu qu h thng qun l cht lng sn phm ISO 9001:2000, qun l v mi trng ISO14001: 2004 v Qun l an ton v sinh thc phm ISO 22.000:2005. PV: Vi cc hot ng nh ng va nu, nht l cc chng ch, kt qu thm nh

ca cc c quan chc nng BVMT c th thy HABECO rt n lc trong cng tc BVMT. Nhng v sao, gn y, mt s bo c bi phn nh nc thi ra mng ca HABECO c mu en v mi hi nng nc, gy nhim mi trng? ng Nguyn Vn Vit: Mt c s cng nghip thc phm ln, c tc d pht trin nhanh nh HABECO th vic t nhiu c gy nh hng n mi trng sng ca c dn trong khu vc l iu kh trnh khi, nht l vo nhng ngy h nng bc, khi h thng my mc b s c. iu ny, TCT nhn thc r v nhanh chng tip thu kin ng gp ca cng lun, ca nhn dn, c bin php trc mt v lu di khc phc. Tuy nhin, vic sa cha thit b h hng khng th lm trong mt sm, mt chiu. Mt khc, cc knh mng khu vc Nh my cn k nh dn v khng phi ai cng c thc BVMT, nn hin tng x rc ba b xung lng mng, thm ch lm nh v sinh, nui gia sc cn k dng chy cng gia tng s nhim. Mt khc knh mng y cn chu nh hng xu bi h thng sng T Lch. Nhng d vi nguyn nhn no gy nhim mi trng, HABECO cng tip thu kin ph bnh v tm gii php khc phc. Trc mt, TCT y nhanh vic sa cha thit b hng hc, cn v lu di u t hng trm t ng trin khai cc d n xy dng nhng nh my sn xut ba mi vi nhng thit b hin i, ng b ti cc KCN tp trung gn H Ni nh: Nh my Bia H Ni ti Hng Yn, cng sut 50 triu lt/ nm; Nh my Bia H Ni ti M Linh (Vnh Phc) cng sut 200 triu lt/ nm. Ngay ma h nm 2009 ny, Nh my Bia H Ni ti Hng Yn s sn xut 20 triu lt/ nm v nm 2010, c 2 Nh my s vn hnh vi cng sut gp i cng sut hin nay ti c s chnh ca TCT Hong Hoa Thm. Khi y, HABECO s gim dn cng sut ca c s ny nhm gim thiu tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng Th .

Trang Nht Th Gii X Hi Kinh T Vn Ha Th Thao Khoa Hc Cng Ngh TT Cuc Sng Gii Tnh c Truyn Gc Bn c

Nh?p t? c?n t

X Hi
Phng s Phng vn nguyenduong

Gii quyt thu o vn gy nhim ca Vedan

Ngy 28/1, B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Phm Khi Nguyn trc tip n Cng ty c phn hu hn Vedan Vit Nam (ng ti huyn Long Thnh, ng Nai) kim tra tnh hnh khc phc vn nhim mi trng do doanh nghip ny gy ra.

C mt khc sng Th Vi b nhim, ni bt trng xa do Vedan. (nh: S Tuyn/TTXVN) Nhn mnh ti bui lm vic, B trng Phm Khi Nguyn cho rng, quan im ca b l phi gii quyt dt im vn ca Vedan. Hin nay c x hi ang quan tm nht l vic gii quyt bi thng cho ngi dn b thit hi do Vedan gy ra. B trng ni, "nh rn khng th nh gy tng khc m phi gii quyt thu o, nu cc bin php khc phc v mi trng ca Vedan hon thnh m vn bi thng cho ngi dn cha c gii quyt, th cu chuyn ca Vedan vn cha th kt thc". B trng Phm Khi Nguyn cho rng vn gii quyt thit hi cho nng dn do Vedan gy nhim mi trng gy ra c 3 cch l tha thun, a ra trng ti kinh t v ra ta. Quan im ca ng Nguyn cho rng, nn gii quyt vn trn theo hnh thc tha thun v s c li cho c pha nng dn v cng ty Vedan. ng Yang, Tng Gim c Cng ty Vedan cho bit, hin doanh nghip ang phi hp vi Vin Ti nguyn mi trng nc, cc n v khoa hc v 3 a phng tip tc xc minh nhng con s c th, cng nhau i n mt kt lun cui cng v mc v phm vi thit hi m Vedan gy ra, sau s tin hnh cc bc bi thng hay h tr cho ngi dn. Ti cuc th st, B trng Phm Khi Nguyn cng nh gi thin ch khc phc hu qu v

mi trng do cng ty ny gy ra. Vedan thc hin tt quyt nh 131 m b ny ban hnh, nghim tc thc hin ngng x thi, ngng sn xut v xy dng cc cng trnh x l nc thi mi, trong , vic Vedan vn m bo vic lm v thu nhp cho 2.500 lao ng bng cch b tr sn xut v t chc o to li, thc hin vic thu mua cc sn phm nng nghip cho nng dn theo hp ng kinh t c k kt l vn ng hoan nghnh. Bo co ca Cng ty Vedan cng cho bit, n thi im hin nay, doanh nghip ny thc hin np trn 127 t ng tin truy thu ph bo v mi trng v trn 267 triu ng tin pht vi phm hnh chnh. Doanh nghip thc hin cc bin php khc phc vi phm theo quyt nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh v kt lun kim tra v mi trng ca Tng cc Mi trng ng tin quy nh, vi tng kinh ph u t n thi im hin nay l trn 33 triu USD. Cng ty Vedan tho b ton b cc tuyn ng ngm di trn 2.200m, 4 my bm v 3 hng x cht thi ngm cm su 10m xung sng Th Vi; dng vic x nc thi vo h thng 21 h sinh hc v bm nc thi t 21 h sinh hc ny vo h thng x l theo quy nh. Cng ty Vedan cng hon thin vic ci to nng cp 3 h thng x l nc thi sn xut hin c (4.000m3/ngy); xy dng b sung hai h thng x l nc thi sn xut mi (5.000m3/ngy) v h thng x l nc thi sinh hot 300m3/ngy; hon thnh vic thc tch ring tuyn thot nc thi cng nghip vi nc gii nhit; lp t 3 h thng quan trc nc thi t ng m bo nc thi sau x l t tiu chun quy nh. i vi 4 nh my ch bin tinh bt sn ti Bnh Phc, Gia Lai, H Tnh v Bnh Thun hin cng ty xy dng v a vo vn hnh h thng x l nc thi biogas, do ngun thi ca nhng nh my ny c m bo./.
LUT B O V M I T RNG C A N C C N G H A X H I C H N G H A V I T N AM S 5 2 / 2 0 0 5 / Q H 1 1 N G Y 2 9 T H N G 1 1 N M 2 0 0 5 Cn c vo Hin php nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam nm 1992 c sa i, b sung theo Ngh quyt s 51/2001/QH10 ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2001 ca Quc hi kho X, k hp th 10; Lut ny quy nh v bo v mi trng. CHNG I NHNG QUY NH CHUNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh

Lut ny quy nh v hot ng bo v mi trng; chnh sch, bin php v ngun lc bo v mi trng; quyn v ngha v ca t chc, h gia nh, c nhn trong bo v mi trng. iu 2. i tng p dng Lut ny p dng i vi c quan nh nc, t chc, h gia nh, c nhn trong nc; ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi, t chc, c nhn nc ngoi c hot ng trn lnh th nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Trng hp iu c quc t m Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l thnh vin c quy nh khc vi quy nh ca Lut ny th p dng iu c quc t . iu 3. Gii thch t ng Trong Lut ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau: 1. Mi trng bao gm cc yu t t nhin v vt cht nhn to bao quanh con ngi, c nh hng n i sng, sn xut, s tn ti, pht trin ca con ngi v sinh vt. 2. Thnh phn mi trng l yu t vt cht to thnh mi trng nh t, nc, khng kh, m thanh, nh sng, sinh vt, h sinh thi v cc hnh thi vt cht khc. 3. Hot ng bo v mi trng l hot ng gi cho mi trng trong lnh, sch p; phng nga, hn ch tc ng xu i vi mi trng, ng ph s c mi trng; khc phc nhim, suy thoi, phc hi v ci thin mi trng; khai thc, s dng hp l v tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin; bo v a dng sinh hc. 4. Pht trin bn vng l pht trin p ng c nhu cu ca th h hin ti m khng lm tn hi n kh nng p ng nhu cu ca cc th h tng lai trn c s kt hp cht ch, hi ho gia tng trng kinh t, bo m tin b x hi v bo v mi trng. 5. Tiu chun mi trng l gii hn cho php ca cc thng s v cht lng mi trng xung quanh, v hm lng ca cht gy nhim trong cht thi c c quan nh nc c thm quyn quy nh lm cn c qun l v bo v mi trng. 6. nhim mi trng l s bin i ca cc thnh phn mi trng khng ph hp vi tiu chun mi trng, gy nh hng xu n con ngi, sinh vt. 7. Suy thoi mi trng l s suy gim v cht lng v s lng ca thnh phn mi trng, gy nh hng xu i vi con ngi v sinh vt. 8. S c mi trng l tai bin hoc ri ro xy ra trong qu trnh hot ng ca con ngi hoc bin i tht thng ca t nhin, gy nhim, suy thoi hoc bin i mi trng nghim trng. 9. Cht gy nhim l cht hoc yu t vt l khi xut hin trong mi trng th lm cho mi trng b nhim. 10. Cht thi l vt cht th rn, lng, kh c thi ra t sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, sinh hot hoc hot ng khc. 11. Cht thi nguy hi l cht thi cha yu t c hi, phng x, d chy, d n, d n mn, d ly nhim, gy ng c hoc c tnh nguy hi khc. 12. Qun l cht thi l hot ng phn loi, thu gom, vn chuyn, gim thiu, ti s dng, ti ch, x l, tiu hy, thi loi cht thi. 13. Ph liu l sn phm, vt liu b loi ra t qu trnh sn xut hoc tiu dng c thu hi dng lm nguyn liu sn xut. 14. Sc chu ti ca mi trng l gii hn cho php m mi trng c th tip nhn v hp th cc cht gy nhim.

15. H sinh thi l h qun th sinh vt trong mt khu vc a l t nhin nht nh cng tn ti v pht trin, c tc ng qua li vi nhau. 16. a dng sinh hc l s phong ph v ngun gen, loi sinh vt v h sinh thi. 17. Quan trc mi trng l qu trnh theo di c h thng v mi trng, cc yu t tc ng ln mi trng nhm cung cp thng tin phc v nh gi hin trng, din bin cht lng mi trng v cc tc ng xu i vi mi trng. 18. Thng tin v mi trng bao gm s liu, d liu v cc thnh phn mi trng; v tr lng, gi tr sinh thi, gi tr kinh t ca cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin; v cc tc ng i vi mi trng; v cht thi; v mc mi trng b nhim, suy thoi v thng tin v cc vn mi trng khc. 19. nh gi mi trng chin lc l vic phn tch, d bo cc tc ng n mi trng ca d n chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin trc khi ph duyt nhm bo m pht trin bn vng. 20. nh gi tc ng mi trng l vic phn tch, d bo cc tc ng n mi trng ca d n u t c th a ra cc bin php bo v mi trng khi trin khai d n . 21. Kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh l cc loi kh tc ng n s trao i nhit gia tri t v khng gian xung quanh lm nhit ca khng kh bao quanh b mt tri t nng ln. 22. Hn ngch pht thi kh gy hiu ng nh knh l khi lng kh gy hiu ng nh knh ca mi quc gia c php thi vo bu kh quyn theo quy nh ca cc iu c quc t lin quan. iu 4. Nguyn tc bo v mi trng 1. Bo v mi trng phi gn kt hi ha vi pht trin kinh t v bo m tin b x hi pht trin bn vng t nc; bo v mi trng quc gia phi gn vi bo v mi trng khu vc v ton cu. 2. Bo v mi trng l s nghip ca ton x hi, quyn v trch nhim ca c quan nh nc, t chc, h gia nh, c nhn. 3. Hot ng bo v mi trng phi thng xuyn, ly phng nga l chnh kt hp vi khc phc nhim, suy thoi v ci thin cht lng mi trng. 4. Bo v mi trng phi ph hp vi quy lut, c im t nhin, vn ha, lch s, trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi ca t nc trong tng giai on. 5. T chc, h gia nh, c nhn gy nhim, suy thoi mi trng c trch nhim khc phc, bi thng thit hi v chu cc trch nhim khc theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 5. Chnh sch ca Nh nc v bo v mi trng 1. Khuyn khch, to iu kin thun li mi t chc, cng ng dn c, h gia nh, c nhn tham gia hot ng bo v mi trng. 2. y mnh tuyn truyn, gio dc, vn ng, kt hp p dng cc bin php hnh chnh, kinh t v cc bin php khc xy dng thc t gic, k cng trong hot ng bo v mi trng. 3. S dng hp l, tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin, pht trin nng lng sch, nng lng ti to; y mnh ti ch, ti s dng v gim thiu cht thi. 4. u tin gii quyt cc vn mi trng bc xc; tp trung x l cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng; phc hi mi trng cc khu vc b nhim, suy thoi; ch trng bo v mi trng th, khu dn c. 5. u t bo v mi trng l u t pht trin; a dng ha cc ngun vn u t cho bo v mi trng v b tr khon chi ring cho s nghip mi trng trong ngn sch nh nc hng nm.

6. u i v t ai, thu, h tr ti chnh cho cc hot ng bo v mi trng v cc sn phm thn thin vi mi trng; kt hp hi ho gia bo v v s dng c hiu qu cc thnh phn mi trng cho pht trin. 7. Tng cng o to ngun nhn lc, khuyn khch nghin cu, p dng v chuyn giao cc thnh tu khoa hc v cng ngh v bo v mi trng; hnh thnh v pht trin ngnh cng nghip mi trng. 8. M rng v nng cao hiu qu hp tc quc t; thc hin y cc cam kt quc t v bo v mi trng; khuyn khch t chc, c nhn tham gia thc hin hp tc quc t v bo v mi trng. 9. Pht trin kt cu h tng bo v mi trng; tng cng, nng cao nng lc quc gia v bo v mi trng theo hng chnh quy, hin i. iu 6. Nhng hot ng bo v mi trng c khuyn khch 1. Tuyn truyn, gio dc v vn ng mi ngi tham gia bo v mi trng, gi gn v sinh mi trng, bo v cnh quan thin nhin v a dng sinh hc. 2. Bo v v s dng hp l, tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin. 3. Gim thiu, thu gom, ti ch v ti s dng cht thi. 4. Pht trin, s dng nng lng sch, nng lng ti to; gim thiu kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh, ph hy tng zn. 5. ng k c s t tiu chun mi trng, sn phm thn thin vi mi trng. 6. Nghin cu khoa hc, chuyn giao, ng dng cng ngh x l, ti ch cht thi, cng ngh thn thin vi mi trng. 7. u t xy dng cc c s sn xut thit b, dng c bo v mi trng; sn xut, kinh doanh cc sn phm thn thin vi mi trng; cung cp dch v bo v mi trng. 8. Bo tn v pht trin ngun gen bn a; lai to, nhp ni cc ngun gen c gi tr kinh t v c li cho mi trng. 9. Xy dng thn, lng, p, bn, bun, phum, sc, c quan, c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v thn thin vi mi trng. 10. Pht trin cc hnh thc t qun v t chc hot ng dch v gi gn v sinh mi trng ca cng ng dn c. 11. Hnh thnh np sng, thi quen gi gn v sinh mi trng, xa b h tc gy hi n mi trng. 12. ng gp kin thc, cng sc, ti chnh cho hot ng bo v mi trng. iu 7. Nhng hnh vi b nghim cm 1. Ph hoi, khai thc tri php rng, cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin khc. 2. Khai thc, nh bt cc ngun ti nguyn sinh vt bng phng tin, cng c, phng php hu dit, khng ng thi v v sn lng theo quy nh ca php lut. 3. Khai thc, kinh doanh, tiu th, s dng cc loi thc vt, ng vt hoang d qu him thuc danh mc cm do c quan nh nc c thm quyn quy nh. 4. Chn lp cht c, cht phng x, cht thi v cht nguy hi khc khng ng ni quy nh v quy trnh k thut v bo v mi trng. 5. Thi cht thi cha c x l t tiu chun mi trng; cc cht c, cht phng x v cht nguy hi khc vo t, ngun nc.

6. Thi khi, bi, kh c cht hoc mi c hi vo khng kh; pht tn bc x, phng x, cc cht ion ho vt qu tiu chun mi trng cho php. 7. Gy ting n, rung vt qu tiu chun cho php. 8. Nhp khu my mc, thit b, phng tin khng t tiu chun mi trng. 9. Nhp khu, qu cnh cht thi di mi hnh thc. 10. Nhp khu, qu cnh ng vt, thc vt cha qua kim dch; vi sinh vt ngoi danh mc cho php. 11. Sn xut, kinh doanh sn phm gy nguy hi cho con ngi, sinh vt v h sinh thi; sn xut, s dng nguyn liu, vt liu xy dng cha yu t c hi vt qu tiu chun cho php. 12. Xm hi di sn thin nhin, khu bo tn thin nhin. 13. Xm hi cng trnh, thit b, phng tin phc v hot ng bo v mi trng. 14. Hot ng tri php, sinh sng khu vc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn xc nh l khu vc cm do mc c bit nguy him v mi trng i vi sc khe v tnh mng con ngi. 15. Che giu hnh vi hu hoi mi trng, cn tr hot ng bo v mi trng, lm sai lch thng tin dn n gy hu qu xu i vi mi trng. 16. Cc hnh vi b nghim cm khc v bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut. CHNG II TIU CHUN MI TRNG iu 8. Nguyn tc xy dng v p dng tiu chun mi trng 1. Vic xy dng v p dng tiu chun mi trng phi tun theo cc nguyn tc sau y: a) p ng mc tiu bo v mi trng; phng nga nhim, suy thoi v s c mi trng; b) Ban hnh kp thi, c tnh kh thi, ph hp vi mc pht trin kinh t - x hi, trnh cng ngh ca t nc v p ng yu cu hi nhp kinh t quc t; c) Ph hp vi c im ca vng, ngnh, loi hnh v cng ngh sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v. 2. T chc, c nhn phi tun th tiu chun mi trng do Nh nc cng b bt buc p dng. iu 9. Ni dung tiu chun mi trng quc gia 1. Cp tiu chun. 2. Cc thng s v mi trng v cc gi tr gii hn. 3. i tng p dng tiu chun. 4. Quy trnh, phng php ch dn p dng tiu chun. 5. iu kin km theo khi p dng tiu chun. 6. Phng php o c, ly mu, phn tch. iu 10. H thng tiu chun mi trng quc gia 1. H thng tiu chun mi trng quc gia bao gm tiu chun v cht lng mi trng xung quanh v tiu chun v cht thi. 2. Tiu chun v cht lng mi trng xung quanh bao gm:

a) Nhm tiu chun mi trng i vi t phc v cho cc mc ch v sn xut nng nghip, lm nghip, thy sn v mc ch khc; b) Nhm tiu chun mi trng i vi nc mt v nc di t phc v cc mc ch v cung cp nc ung, sinh hot, cng nghip, nui trng thu sn, ti tiu nng nghip v mc ch khc; c) Nhm tiu chun mi trng i vi nc bin ven b phc v cc mc ch v nui trng thu sn, vui chi, gii tr v mc ch khc; d) Nhm tiu chun mi trng i vi khng kh vng th, vng dn c nng thn; ) Nhm tiu chun v m thanh, nh sng, bc x trong khu vc dn c, ni cng cng. 3. Tiu chun v cht thi bao gm: a) Nhm tiu chun v nc thi cng nghip, dch v, nc thi t chn nui, nui trng thy sn, nc thi sinh hot v hot ng khc; b) Nhm tiu chun v kh thi cng nghip; kh thi t cc thit b dng x l, tiu hu cht thi sinh hot, cng nghip, y t v t hnh thc x l khc i vi cht thi; c) Nhm tiu chun v kh thi i vi phng tin giao thng, my mc, thit b chuyn dng; d) Nhm tiu chun v cht thi nguy hi; ) Nhm tiu chun v ting n, rung i vi phng tin giao thng, c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, hot ng xy dng. iu 11. Yu cu i vi tiu chun v cht lng mi trng xung quanh 1. Tiu chun v cht lng mi trng xung quanh quy nh gi tr gii hn cho php ca cc thng s mi trng ph hp vi mc ch s dng thnh phn mi trng, bao gm: a) Gi tr ti thiu ca cc thng s mi trng bo m s sng v pht trin bnh thng ca con ngi, sinh vt; b) Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s mi trng c hi khng gy nh hng xu n s sng v pht trin bnh thng ca con ngi, sinh vt. 2. Thng s mi trng quy nh trong tiu chun v cht lng mi trng phi ch dn c th cc phng php chun v o c, ly mu, phn tch xc nh thng s . iu 12. Yu cu i vi tiu chun v cht thi 1. Tiu chun v cht thi phi quy nh c th gi tr ti a cc thng s nhim ca cht thi bo m khng gy hi cho con ngi v sinh vt. 2. Thng s nhim ca cht thi c xc nh cn c vo tnh cht c hi, khi lng cht thi pht sinh v sc chu ti ca mi trng tip nhn cht thi. 3. Thng s nhim quy nh trong tiu chun v cht thi phi c ch dn c th cc phng php chun v ly mu, o c v phn tch xc nh thng s . iu 13. Ban hnh v cng b p dng tiu chun mi trng quc gia 1. Chnh ph quy nh thm quyn, trnh t, th tc xy dng, ban hnh v cng nhn tiu chun mi trng quc gia ph hp vi quy nh ca php lut v tiu chun ha. 2. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cng b, quy nh l trnh p dng, h s khu vc, vng, ngnh cho vic p dng tiu chun mi trng quc gia ph hp vi sc chu ti ca mi trng.

3. Vic iu chnh tiu chun mi trng quc gia c thc hin nm nm mt ln; trng hp cn thit, vic iu chnh mt s tiu chun khng cn ph hp, b sung cc tiu chun mi c th thc hin sm hn. 4. Tiu chun mi trng quc gia phi c cng b rng ri t chc, c nhn bit v thc hin. CHNG III NH GI MI TRNG CHIN LC, NH GI TC NG MI TRNG V CAM KT BO V MI TRNG MC 1 NH GI M I TRNG CHIN LC iu 14. i tng phi lp bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc 1. Chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi cp quc gia. 2. Chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin ngnh, lnh vc trn quy m c nc. 3. Chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng (sau y gi chung l cp tnh), vng. 4. Quy hoch s dng t; bo v v pht trin rng; khai thc v s dng cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin khc trn phm vi lin tnh, lin vng. 5. Quy hoch pht trin vng kinh t trng im. 6. Quy hoch tng hp lu vc sng quy m lin tnh. iu 15. Lp bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc 1. C quan c giao nhim v lp d n quy nh ti iu 14 ca Lut ny c trch nhim lp bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc. 2. Bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc l mt ni dung ca d n v phi c lp ng thi vi qu trnh lp d n. iu 16. Ni dung bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc 1. Khi qut v mc tiu, quy m, c im ca d n c lin quan n mi trng. 2. M t tng qut cc iu kin t nhin, kinh t - x hi, mi trng c lin quan n d n. 3. D bo tc ng xu i vi mi trng c th xy ra khi thc hin d n. 4. Ch dn ngun cung cp s liu, d liu v phng php nh gi. 5. ra phng hng, gii php tng th gii quyt cc vn v mi trng trong qu trnh thc hin d n. iu 17. Thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc 1. Bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc c mt hi ng t chc theo quy nh ti khon 7 iu ny thm nh.

2. Thnh phn ca hi ng thm nh i vi cc d n c quy m quc gia, lin tnh bao gm i din ca c quan ph duyt d n; i din ca b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, U ban nhn dn cp tnh c lin quan n d n; cc chuyn gia c kinh nghim, trnh chuyn mn ph hp vi ni dung, tnh cht ca d n; i din ca t chc, c nhn khc do c quan c thm quyn thnh lp hi ng thm nh quyt nh. 3. Thnh phn ca hi ng thm nh i vi cc d n ca tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng bao gm i din ca U ban nhn dn cp tnh; c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng v cc ban, ngnh cp tnh c lin quan; cc chuyn gia c kinh nghim, trnh chuyn mn ph hp vi ni dung, tnh cht ca d n; i din ca t chc, c nhn khc do c quan c thm quyn thnh lp hi ng thm nh quyt nh. 4. Hi ng thm nh quy nh ti khon 2 v khon 3 iu ny phi c trn nm mi phn trm s thnh vin c chuyn mn v mi trng v cc lnh vc lin quan n ni dung d n. Ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc khng c tham gia hi ng thm nh. 5. T chc, c nhn c quyn gi yu cu, kin ngh v bo v mi trng n c quan t chc hi ng thm nh v c quan ph duyt d n; hi ng v c quan ph duyt d n c trch nhim xem xt cc yu cu, kin ngh trc khi a ra kt lun, quyt nh. 6. Kt qu thm nh bo co mi trng chin lc l mt trong nhng cn c ph duyt d n. 7. Trch nhim t chc hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc c quy nh nh sau: a) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng t chc hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc i vi cc d n do Quc hi, Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt; b) B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph t chc hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc i vi d n thuc thm quyn ph duyt ca mnh; c) U ban nhn dn cp tnh t chc hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc i vi d n thuc thm quyn quyt nh ca mnh v ca Hi ng nhn dn cng cp. MC 2 NH GI T C NG M I TRNG iu 18. i tng phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. Ch cc d n sau y phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng: a) D n cng trnh quan trng quc gia; b) D n c s dng mt phn din tch t hoc c nh hng xu n khu bo tn thin nhin, vn quc gia, cc khu di tch lch s - vn ho, di sn t nhin, danh lam thng cnh c xp hng; c) D n c nguy c nh hng xu n ngun nc lu vc sng, vng ven bin, vng c h sinh thi c bo v; d) D n xy dng kt cu h tng khu kinh t, khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, khu ch xut, cm lng ngh; ) D n xy dng mi th, khu dn c tp trung; e) D n khai thc, s dng nc di t, ti nguyn thin nhin quy m ln; g) D n khc c tim n nguy c ln gy tc ng xu i vi mi trng. 2. Chnh ph quy nh danh mc cc d n phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng.

iu 19. Lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. Ch d n quy nh ti iu 18 ca Lut ny c trch nhim lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng trnh c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt. 2. Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng phi c lp ng thi vi bo co nghin cu kh thi ca d n. 3. Ch d n t mnh hoc thu t chc dch v t vn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v chu trch nhim v cc s liu, kt qu nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. 4. Trng hp c thay i v quy m, ni dung, thi gian trin khai, thc hin, hon thnh d n th ch d n c trch nhim gii trnh vi c quan ph duyt; trng hp cn thit phi lp bo bo nh gi tc ng mi trng b sung. 5. T chc dch v t vn lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng phi c iu kin v cn b chuyn mn, c s vt cht - k thut cn thit. iu 20. Ni dung bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. Lit k, m t chi tit cc hng mc cng trnh ca d n km theo quy m v khng gian, thi gian v khi lng thi cng; cng ngh vn hnh ca tng hng mc cng trnh v ca c d n. 2. nh gi chung v hin trng mi trng ni thc hin d n v vng k cn; mc nhy cm v sc chu ti ca mi trng. 3. nh gi chi tit cc tc ng mi trng c kh nng xy ra khi d n c thc hin v cc thnh phn mi trng, yu t kinh t - x hi chu tc ng ca d n; d bo ri ro v s c mi trng do cng trnh gy ra. 4. Cc bin php c th gim thiu cc tc ng xu i vi mi trng; phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng. 5. Cam kt thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng v vn hnh cng trnh. 6. Danh mc cng trnh, chng trnh qun l v gim st cc vn mi trng trong qu trnh trin khai thc hin d n. 7. D ton kinh ph xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh bo v mi trng trong tng d ton kinh ph ca d n. 8. kin ca U ban nhn dn x, phng, th trn (sau y gi chung l U ban nhn dn cp x), i din cng ng dn c ni thc hin d n; cc kin khng tn thnh vic t d n ti a phng hoc khng tn thnh i vi cc gii php bo v mi trng phi c nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. 9. Ch dn ngun cung cp s liu, d liu v phng php nh gi. iu 21. Thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. Vic thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c thc hin thng qua hi ng thm nh hoc t chc dch v thm nh. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh iu kin v hng dn hot ng thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca t chc dch v thm nh. 2. Thnh phn hi ng thm nh i vi cc d n quy nh ti im a v im b khon 7 iu ny bao gm i din ca c quan ph duyt d n; c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng ca c quan ph duyt d n; c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh ni thc hin d n; cc

chuyn gia c kinh nghim, trnh chuyn mn ph hp vi ni dung, tnh cht ca d n; i din ca t chc, c nhn khc do c quan c thm quyn thnh lp hi ng thm nh quyt nh. 3. Thnh phn ca hi ng thm nh i vi cc d n quy nh ti im c khon 7 iu ny bao gm i din U ban nhn dn cp tnh; c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng v cc s, ban chuyn mn cp tnh c lin quan; cc chuyn gia c kinh nghim, trnh chuyn mn ph hp vi ni dung, tnh cht ca d n; i din ca t chc, c nhn khc do c quan c thm quyn thnh lp hi ng thm nh quyt nh. Trng hp cn thit, U ban nhn dn cp tnh c th mi i din ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan tham gia hi ng thm nh. 4. Hi ng thm nh quy nh ti khon 2 v khon 3 iu ny phi c trn nm mi phn trm s thnh vin c chuyn mn v mi trng v lnh vc c lin quan n ni dung d n. Ngi trc tip tham gia lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng khng c tham gia hi ng thm nh. 5. T chc dch v thm nh c tham gia thm nh theo quyt nh ca c quan ph duyt d n v phi chu trch nhim v kin, kt lun thm nh ca mnh. 6. T chc, cng ng dn c, c nhn c quyn gi yu cu, kin ngh v bo v mi trng n c quan t chc vic thm nh quy nh ti khon 7 iu ny; c quan t chc thm nh c trch nhim xem xt yu cu, kin ngh trc khi a ra kt lun, quyt nh. 7. Trch nhim t chc vic thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi d n c quy nh nh sau: a) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng t chc hi ng thm nh hoc tuyn chn t chc dch v thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi cc d n do Quc hi, Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh, ph duyt; d n lin ngnh, lin tnh; b) B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph t chc hi ng thm nh hoc tuyn chn t chc dch v thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi cc d n thuc thm quyn quyt nh, ph duyt ca mnh, tr d n lin ngnh, lin tnh; c) U ban nhn dn cp tnh t chc hi ng thm nh hoc tuyn chn t chc dch v thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi d n trn a bn qun l thuc thm quyn quyt nh, ph duyt ca mnh v ca Hi ng nhn dn cng cp. iu 22. Ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. C quan thnh lp hi ng thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c trch nhim xem xt v ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng sau khi c thm nh. 2. C quan ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c trch nhim xem xt khiu ni, kin ngh ca ch d n, cng ng dn c, t chc, c nhn lin quan trc khi ph duyt. 3. Trong thi hn mi lm ngy lm vic, k t ngy nhn c bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c chnh sa t yu cu theo kt lun ca hi ng thm nh, t chc dch v thm nh, th trng c quan quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny phi xem xt, quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; nu khng ph duyt th phi tr li bng vn bn nu r l do cho ch d n bit. 4. Cc d n quy nh ti iu 18 ca Lut ny ch c ph duyt, cp php u t, xy dng, khai thc sau khi bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c ph duyt. iu 23. Trch nhim thc hin v kim tra vic thc hin cc ni dung trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng 1. Ch d n c trch nhim sau y: a) Bo co vi U ban nhn dn ni thc hin d n v ni dung ca quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng;

b) Nim yt cng khai ti a im thc hin d n v cc loi cht thi, cng ngh x l, thng s tiu chun v cht thi, cc gii php bo v mi trng cng ng dn c bit, kim tra, gim st; c) Thc hin ng, y cc ni dung bo v mi trng nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v cc yu cu ca quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; d) Thng bo cho c quan ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng kim tra, xc nhn vic thc hin cc ni dung ca bo co v yu cu ca quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; ) Ch c a cng trnh vo s dng sau khi c c quan c thm quyn kim tra, xc nhn vic thc hin y yu cu quy nh ti cc im a, b v c khon ny. 2. C quan ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c trch nhim sau y: a) Thng bo ni dung quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng do mnh ph duyt cho U ban nhn dn cp tnh ni thc hin d n; U ban nhn dn cp tnh thng bo ni dung quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng do mnh hoc b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph ph duyt cho U ban nhn dn huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh (sau y gi chung l U ban nhn dn cp huyn), U ban nhn dn cp x ni thc hin d n; b) Ch o, t chc kim tra vic thc hin cc ni dung trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c ph duyt. MC 3 C AM K T B O V M I T R N G iu 24. i tng phi c bn cam kt bo v mi trng C s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v quy m h gia nh v i tng khng thuc quy nh ti iu 14 v iu 18 ca Lut ny phi c bn cam kt bo v mi trng. iu 25. Ni dung bn cam kt bo v mi trng 1. a im thc hin. 2. Loi hnh, quy m sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v v nguyn liu, nhin liu s dng. 3. Cc loi cht thi pht sinh. 4. Cam kt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu, x l cht thi v tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng. iu 26. ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng 1. U ban nhn dn cp huyn c trch nhim t chc ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng; trng hp cn thit, c th y quyn cho U ban nhn dn cp x t chc ng k. 2. Thi hn chp nhn bn cam kt bo v mi trng l khng qu nm ngy lm vic, k t ngy nhn c bn cam kt bo v mi trng hp l. 3. i tng quy nh ti iu 24 ca Lut ny ch c trin khai hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v sau khi ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng. iu 27. Trch nhim thc hin v kim tra vic thc hin cam kt bo v mi trng 1. T chc, c nhn cam kt bo v mi trng c trch nhim thc hin ng v y cc ni dung ghi trong bn cam kt bo v mi trng.

2. U ban nhn dn cp huyn, cp x ch o, t chc kim tra, thanh tra vic thc hin cc ni dung ghi trong bn cam kt bo v mi trng. CHNG IV BO TN V S DNG HP L TI NGUYN THIN NHIN iu 28. iu tra, nh gi, lp quy hoch s dng ti nguyn thin nhin 1. Cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin phi c iu tra, nh gi tr lng, kh nng ti sinh, gi tr kinh t lm cn c lp quy hoch s dng v xc nh mc gii hn cho php khai thc, mc thu mi trng, ph bo v mi trng, k qu phc hi mi trng, bi thng thit hi v mi trng v bin php khc v bo v mi trng. 2. Quy hoch s dng ti nguyn thin nhin phi gn vi quy hoch bo tn thin nhin. 3. Trch nhim iu tra, nh gi v lp quy hoch s dng ti nguyn thin nhin c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v ti nguyn. iu 29. Bo tn thin nhin 1. Khu vc, h sinh thi c gi tr a dng sinh hc quan trng i vi quc gia, quc t phi c iu tra, nh gi, lp quy hoch bo v di hnh thc khu bo tn bin, vn quc gia, khu d tr thin nhin, khu d tr sinh quyn, khu bo tn loi - sinh cnh (sau y gi chung l khu bo tn thin nhin). 2. Cn c lp quy hoch khu bo tn thin nhin bao gm: a) Gi tr di sn t nhin ca th gii, quc gia v a phng; b) Gi tr nguyn sinh, tnh c dng, phng h; c) Vai tr iu ho, cn bng sinh thi vng; d) Tnh i din hoc tnh c o ca khu vc a l t nhin; ) Ni c tr, sinh sn, pht trin thng xuyn hoc theo ma ca nhiu loi ng vt, thc vt c hu, qu him b e do tuyt chng; e) Gi tr sinh quyn, sinh cnh, cnh quan thin nhin, sinh thi nhn vn i vi quc gia, a phng; g) Cc gi tr bo tn khc theo quy nh ca php lut. 3. Vic thnh lp khu bo tn thin nhin phi tun theo quy hoch c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt. 4. Khu bo tn thin nhin c quy ch v ban qun l ring. 5. Trch nhim lp quy hoch bo tn thin nhin, thnh lp v qun l cc khu bo tn thin nhin c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 30. Bo v a dng sinh hc 1. Vic bo v a dng sinh hc phi c thc hin trn c s bo m quyn v li ch hp php ca cng ng dn c a phng v cc i tng c lin quan. 2. Nh nc thnh lp cc ngn hng gen bo v v pht trin cc ngun gen bn a qu him; khuyn khch vic nhp ni cc ngun gen c gi tr cao.

3. Cc loi ng vt, thc vt qu him, c nguy c tuyt chng phi c bo v theo cc quy nh sau y: a) Lp danh sch v phn nhm qun l theo mc qu him, b e do tuyt chng; b) Xy dng k hoch bo v v p dng cc bin php ngn chn vic sn bt, khai thc, kinh doanh, s dng; c) Thc hin chng trnh chm sc, nui dng, bo v theo ch c bit ph hp vi tng loi; pht trin cc trung tm cu h ng vt hoang d. 4. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cp tnh c lin quan thc hin bo v a dng sinh hc theo quy nh ca php lut v a dng sinh hc. iu 31. Bo v v pht trin cnh quan thin nhin 1. Nh nc khuyn khch pht trin cc m hnh sinh thi i vi thn, lng, p, bn, bun, phum, sc, khu dn c, khu cng nghip, khu vui chi, khu du lch v cc loi hnh cnh quan thin nhin khc to ra s hi ho gia con ngi v thin nhin. 2. T chc, c nhn tin hnh hot ng quy hoch, xy dng, sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, sinh hot phi bo m cc yu cu v gi gn, tn to cnh quan thin nhin. 3. B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, U ban nhn dn cc cp trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim lp quy hoch, t chc qun l, bo v, pht trin cnh quan thin nhin theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. iu 32. Bo v mi trng trong kho st, thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn thin nhin 1. Vic kho st, thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn thin nhin phi tun theo quy hoch c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt. 2. Giy php khai thc, s dng ti nguyn thin nhin phi quy nh y cc iu kin v bo v mi trng. Vic khai thc, s dng ti nguyn thin nhin phi theo ng ni dung bo v mi trng quy nh trong giy php khai thc, s dng do c quan nh nc c thm quyn cp. 3. T chc, c nhn c trch nhim thc hin cc yu cu v bo v mi trng trong qu trnh kho st, thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn thin nhin; khi kt thc hot ng thm d, khai thc phi phc hi mi trng theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. iu 33. Pht trin nng lng sch, nng lng ti to v sn phm thn thin vi mi trng 1. Nng lng sch, nng lng ti to l nng lng c khai thc t gi, mt tri, a nhit, nc, sinh khi v cc ngun ti to khc. 2. T chc, c nhn u t pht trin, s dng nng lng sch, nng lng ti to, sn xut cc sn phm thn thin vi mi trng c Nh nc u i v thu, h tr vn, t ai xy dng c s sn xut. 3. Chnh ph xy dng, thc hin chin lc pht trin nng lng sch, nng lng ti to nhm t c cc mc tiu sau y: a) Tng cng nng lc quc gia v nghin cu, ng dng cng ngh khai thc v s dng nng lng sch, nng lng ti to; b) M rng hp tc quc t, huy ng cc ngun lc tham gia khai thc v s dng nng lng sch, nng lng ti to;

c) Nng dn t trng nng lng sch, nng lng ti to trong tng sn lng nng lng quc gia; thc hin mc tiu bo m an ninh nng lng, tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin, gim thiu pht thi kh gy hiu ng nh knh; d) Lng ghp chng trnh pht trin nng lng sch, nng lng ti to vi chng trnh xo i gim ngho, pht trin nng thn, min ni, vng ven bin v hi o. 4. Nh nc khuyn khch sn xut, tiu dng cc sn phm, hng ho t gy nhim mi trng, d phn hu trong t nhin; s dng cht thi sn xut nng lng sch; sn xut, nhp khu, s dng my mc, thit b, phng tin giao thng dng nng lng sch, nng lng ti to. iu 34. Xy dng thi quen tiu dng thn thin vi mi trng 1. Nh nc khuyn khch t chc, c nhn tiu dng cc loi sn phm ti ch t cht thi, sn phm hu c, bao gi d phn hu trong t nhin, sn phm c cp nhn sinh thi v sn phm khc thn thin vi mi trng. 2. B Vn ho - Thng tin, c quan thng tin, bo ch c trch nhim phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng tuyn truyn, gii thiu, qung b v sn phm, hng ho thn thin vi mi trng ngi dn tiu dng cc sn phm thn thin vi mi trng. CHNG V BO V MI TRNG TRONG HOT NG SN XUT, KINH DOANH, DCH V iu 35. Trch nhim bo v mi trng ca t chc, c nhn trong hat ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v 1. Tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng. 2. Thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c ph duyt, bn cam kt bo v mi trng ng k v tun th tiu chun mi trng. 3. Phng nga, hn ch cc tc ng xu i vi mi trng t cc hot ng ca mnh. 4. Khc phc nhim mi trng do hot ng ca mnh gy ra. 5. Tuyn truyn, gio dc, nng cao thc bo v mi trng cho ngi lao ng trong c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v ca mnh. 6. Thc hin ch bo co v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng. 7. Chp hnh ch kim tra, thanh tra bo v mi trng. 8. Np thu mi trng, ph bo v mi trng. iu 36. Bo v mi trng i vi khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung 1. Khu kinh t, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, cm cng nghip, khu du lch v khu vui chi gii tr tp trung (trong Lut ny gi chung l khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung) phi p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng sau y: a) Tun th quy hoch pht trin tng th c ph duyt; b) Quy hoch, b tr cc khu chc nng, loi hnh hot ng phi gn vi bo v mi trng; c) Thc hin y , ng cc ni dung ca bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c ph duyt;

d) C y cc thit b, dng c thu gom, tp trung cht thi rn thng thng, cht thi nguy hi v p ng cc yu cu tip nhn cht thi c phn loi ti ngun t cc c s trong khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung; ) C h thng thu gom v x l nc thi tp trung, h thng x l kh thi t tiu chun mi trng v c vn hnh thng xuyn; e) p ng cc yu cu v cnh quan mi trng, bo v sc kho cng ng v ngi lao ng; g) C h thng quan trc mi trng; h) C b phn chuyn mn nng lc thc hin nhim v bo v mi trng. 2. Khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, cm cng nghip c nguy c gy tc hi i vi mi trng phi c khong cch an ton v mi trng i vi khu dn c, khu bo tn thin nhin. 3. Vic trin khai cc d n sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v bn trong khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung ch c thc hin sau khi p ng y cc yu cu quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny v c c quan nh nc c thm quyn kim tra, xc nhn. 4. B phn chuyn mn v bo v mi trng trong khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung c nhim v sau y: a) Kim tra, gim st vic thc hin cc yu cu v bo v mi trng i vi cc c s, d n u t bn trong khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung; b) Qun l h thng thu gom, tp trung cht thi rn thng thng, cht thi nguy hi; h thng thu gom v x l nc thi tp trung v h thng x l kh thi; c) T chc quan trc, nh gi hin trng mi trng, tng hp, xy dng bo co mi trng v nh k bo co c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh; d) T vn cho ban qun l gii quyt tranh chp lin quan n mi trng gia cc d n trong khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung. 5. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan ch o, t chc vic thc hin bo v mi trng i vi khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung trn a bn qun l ca mnh. iu 37. Bo v mi trng i vi c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v 1. C s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v phi p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng sau y: a) C h thng kt cu h tng thu gom v x l nc thi t tiu chun mi trng. Trng hp nc thi c chuyn v h thng x l nc thi tp trung th phi tun th cc quy nh ca t chc qun l h thng x l nc thi tp trung; b) C phng tin, thit b thu gom, lu gi cht thi rn v phi thc hin phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun; c) C bin php gim thiu v x l bi, kh thi t tiu chun trc khi thi ra mi trng; bo m khng r r, pht tn kh thi, hi, kh c hi ra mi trng; hn ch ting n, pht sng, pht nhit gy nh hng xu i vi mi trng xung quanh v ngi lao ng; d) Bo m ngun lc, trang thit b p ng kh nng phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng, c bit l i vi c s sn xut c s dng ho cht, cht phng x, cht d gy chy, n. 2. C s sn xut hoc kho tng thuc cc trng hp sau y khng c t trong khu dn c hoc phi c khong cch an ton v mi trng i vi khu dn c: a) C cht d chy, d gy n; b) C cht phng x hoc bc x mnh;

c) C cht c hi i vi sc kho ngi v gia sc, gia cm; d) Pht tn mi nh hng xu ti sc kho con ngi; ) Gy nhim nghim trng cc ngun nc; e) Gy ting n, pht tn bi, kh thi qu tiu chun cho php. iu 38. Bo v mi trng i vi lng ngh 1. Vic quy hoch, xy dng, ci to v pht trin lng ngh phi gn vi bo v mi trng. Nh nc khuyn khch pht trin khu, cm cng nghip lng ngh c chung h thng kt cu h tng bo v mi trng. 2. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim ch o, t chc thng k, nh gi mc nhim ca cc lng ngh trn a bn v c k hoch gii quyt tnh trng nhim mi trng ca lng ngh bng cc bin php sau y: a) Ci to, nng cp hoc xy mi h thng thu gom, x l nc thi tp trung; b) Xy dng khu tp kt cht thi rn thng thng, cht thi nguy hi, b tr thit b p ng yu cu thu gom cht thi v ph hp vi vic phn loi ti ngun phc v cho vic x l tp trung; c) Quy hoch khu, cm cng nghip lng ngh di di c s sn xut gy nhim mi trng nghim trng ra khi khu dn c; d) Tuyn truyn, ph bin nhn dn bit v p dng cng ngh mi t gy nhim. 3. C s sn xut trong cc khu, cm cng nghip lng ngh phi thc hin cc yu cu sau y v bo v mi trng: a) Nc thi phi c thu gom v chuyn v h thng x l nc thi tp trung; trng hp cha c h thng x l nc thi tp trung th phi c bin php x l nc thi t tiu chun mi trng trc khi thi; b) Cht thi rn phi c phn loi ti ngun v chuyn v khu tp kt cht thi rn theo quy nh v qun l cht thi; trng hp cht thi rn c yu t nguy hi th phi c phn loi, thu gom, lu gi, x l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi; c) ng gp kinh ph xy dng kt cu h tng v bo v mi trng v np y ph bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 39. Bo v mi trng i vi bnh vin, c s y t khc 1. Bnh vin v cc c s y t khc phi thc hin cc yu cu bo v mi trng sau y: a) C h thng hoc bin php thu gom, x l nc thi y t v vn hnh thng xuyn, t tiu chun mi trng; b) B tr thit b chuyn dng phn loi bnh phm, rc thi y t ti ngun; c) C bin php x l, tiu hu bnh phm, rc thi y t, thuc ht hn s dng bo m v sinh, tiu chun mi trng; d) C k hoch, trang thit b phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng do cht thi y t gy ra; ) Cht thi rn, nc thi sinh hot ca bnh nhn phi c x l s b loi b cc mm bnh c nguy c ly nhim trc khi chuyn v c s x l, tiu hu tp trung. 2. Bnh vin, c s y t khc iu tr cc bnh truyn nhim phi c cc bin php cch ly khu dn c, cc ngun nc.

Bnh vin, c s y t khc xy dng mi iu tr cc bnh truyn nhim khng c t trong khu dn c. 3. Cc c s chiu x, dng c thit b y t c s dng cht phng x phi p ng cc yu cu v an ton ht nhn v an ton bc x quy nh ti iu 89 ca Lut ny v php lut v an ton ht nhn v an ton bc x. 4. Ngi lao ng trong bnh vin, c s y t khc c hot ng lin quan n cht thi y t phi c trang b qun o, thit b bo m an ton, trnh ly nhim dch bnh t cht thi y t. 5. B Y t ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cp tnh c lin quan ch o, t chc vic thng k ngun thi, nh gi mc nhim ca cc bnh vin, c s y t khc; ra bin php gii quyt nhim v hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng i vi bnh vin v c s y t khc. iu 40. Bo v mi trng trong hot ng xy dng 1. Quy hoch xy dng phi tun th tiu chun v yu cu v bo v mi trng. 2. Vic thi cng cng trnh xy dng phi bo m cc yu cu bo v mi trng sau y: a) Cng trnh xy dng trong khu dn c phi c bin php bo m khng pht tn bi, ting n, rung, nh sng vt qu tiu chun cho php; b) Vic vn chuyn vt liu xy dng phi c thc hin bng cc phng tin bo m yu cu k thut khng lm r r, ri vi, gy nhim mi trng; c) Nc thi, cht thi rn v cc loi cht thi khc phi c thu gom, x l t tiu chun mi trng. 3. U ban nhn dn cc cp, n v qun l trt t cng cng c p dng bin php x l i vi ch cng trnh, phng tin vn ti vi phm quy nh v bo v mi trng. iu 41. Bo v mi trng trong hot ng giao thng vn ti 1. Quy hoch giao thng phi tun th tiu chun v yu cu v bo v mi trng. 2. t, m t v phng tin giao thng c gii khc c sn xut, lp rp trong nc hoc nhp khu phi bo m tiu chun v kh thi, ting n v phi c c quan ng kim kim tra, xc nhn mi c a vo s dng. B Giao thng vn ti ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn kim tra, xc nhn t tiu chun mi trng i vi xe t, m t v xe c gii khc. 3. t phi c giy chng nhn t tiu chun mi trng do B Giao thng vn ti cp mi c lu hnh. 4. Phng tin vn chuyn nguyn liu, vt liu, cht thi phi c che chn khng ri vi gy nhim mi trng trong khi tham gia giao thng. 5. Vic vn chuyn hng ho, vt liu c nguy c gy s c mi trng phi bo m cc yu cu sau y: a) S dng thit b, phng tin chuyn dng, bo m khng r r, pht tn ra mi trng; b) C giy php vn chuyn ca c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn; c) Khi vn chuyn phi theo ng tuyn ng v thi gian quy nh trong giy php. 6. Nh nc khuyn khch ch phng tin vn ti hng ho c nguy c gy s c mi trng mua bo him trch nhim bi thng thit hi v mi trng.

iu 42. Bo v mi trng trong nhp khu, qu cnh hng ho 1. My mc, thit b, phng tin, nguyn liu, nhin liu, ho cht, hng ho nhp khu phi p ng tiu chun mi trng. 2. Cm nhp khu my mc, thit b, phng tin, nguyn liu, nhin liu, ho cht, hng ho sau y: a) My mc, thit b, phng tin khng t tiu chun mi trng; b) My mc, thit b, phng tin giao thng vn ti qua s dng ph d; c) Nguyn liu, nhin liu, vt liu, ho cht, hng ho thuc danh mc cm nhp khu; d) My mc, thit b, phng tin b nhim cht phng x, vi trng gy bnh, cht c khc cha c ty ra hoc khng c kh nng lm sch; ) Thc phm, thuc y t, thuc bo v ng vt, thc vt ht hn s dng hoc khng t tiu chun v cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm. 3. Khi my mc, thit b, phng tin, nguyn liu, nhin liu, ho cht, hng ho thuc i tng quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny nhp khu th ch hng ha phi ti xut hoc tiu hu, thi b theo quy nh ca php lut v qun l cht thi; trng hp gy hu qu nghim trng n mi trng th tu tnh cht, mc vi phm m b x l hnh chnh hoc truy cu trch nhim hnh s; nu gy thit hi th phi bi thng theo quy nh ca php lut. 4. Hng ho, thit b, phng tin c kh nng gy nhim, suy thoi v s c mi trng qu cnh qua lnh th Vit Nam phi c php v chu s kim tra v mi trng ca c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng. 5. B Thng mi ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, B Ti chnh, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan hng dn thc hin yu cu v bo v mi trng trong vic nhp khu, qu cnh hng ho. iu 43. Bo v mi trng trong nhp khu ph liu 1. Ph liu nhp khu phi p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng sau y: a) c phn loi, lm sch, khng ln nhng vt liu, vt phm, hng ho cm nhp khu theo quy nh ca php lut Vit Nam hoc iu c quc t m Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l thnh vin; b) Khng cha cht thi, cc tp cht nguy hi, tr tp cht khng nguy hi b ri ra trong qu trnh bc xp, vn chuyn; c) Thuc danh mc ph liu c php nhp khu do B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh. 2. T chc, c nhn trc tip s dng ph liu lm nguyn liu sn xut, ti ch phi c cc iu kin sau y mi c php nhp khu ph liu: a) C kho, bi dnh ring cho vic tp kt ph liu bo m cc iu kin v bo v mi trng; b) C nng lc x l cc tp cht i km vi ph liu nhp khu; c) C cng ngh, thit b ti ch, ti s dng ph liu t tiu chun mi trng. 3. T chc, c nhn nhp khu ph liu c trch nhim sau y: a) Thc hin cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan; b) Chm nht l nm ngy trc khi tin hnh bc d phi thng bo bng vn bn cho c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng cp tnh ni t c s sn xut hoc kho, bi cha ph liu nhp khu v chng loi, s lng, trng lng ph liu, ca khu nhp, tuyn vn chuyn, kho, bi tp kt ph liu v ni a ph liu vo sn xut;

c) X l tp cht i km ph liu nhp khu; khng c cho, bn tp cht . 4. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim sau y: a) Kim tra, pht hin, ngn chn v x l kp thi hnh vi vi phm php lut lin quan n ph liu nhp khu; b) Hng nm, bo co B Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh hnh nhp khu, s dng ph liu v cc vn mi trng lin quan n ph liu nhp khu ti a phng mnh. 5. Nhp khu ph liu l loi hnh kinh doanh c iu kin. B Thng mi ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh tiu chun, iu kin kinh doanh ca t chc, c nhn nhp khu ph liu. iu 44. Bo v mi trng trong hot ng khong sn 1. T chc, c nhn khi tin hnh thm d, khai thc, ch bin khong sn phi c bin php phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng v thc hin cc yu cu v bo v, phc hi mi trng sau y: a) Thu gom, x l nc thi t tiu chun mi trng; b) Thu gom, x l cht thi rn theo quy nh v qun l cht thi rn thng thng; trng hp cht thi c yu t nguy hi th qun l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi; c) C bin php ngn nga, hn ch vic pht tn bi, kh thi c hi ra mi trng xung quanh; d) Phc hi mi trng sau khi kt thc hot ng thm d, khai thc, ch bin khong sn. 2. Khong sn phi c lu gi, vn chuyn bng cc thit b chuyn dng, c che chn trnh pht tn ra mi trng. 3. Vic s dng my mc, thit b, ho cht c hi trong thm d, kho st, khai thc, ch bin khong sn phi c chng ch k thut v chu s kim tra, gim st ca c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng. 4. Vic kho st, thm d, khai thc, vn chuyn, ch bin du kh, khong sn khc c cha nguyn t phng x, cht c hi phi tun th cc quy nh v an ton ha cht, an ton ht nhn, bc x v cc quy nh khc v bo v mi trng. 5. B Cng nghip ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cp tnh c lin quan ch o vic thng k ngun thi, nh gi mc gy nhim mi trng ca cc c s khai thc, ch bin khong sn; t chc kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng ca cc c s ny. iu 45. Bo v mi trng trong hot ng du lch 1. T chc, c nhn qun l, khai thc khu du lch, im du lch phi thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng sau y: a) Nim yt quy nh v bo v mi trng ti khu du lch, im du lch v hng dn thc hin; b) Lp t, b tr v hp l cng trnh v sinh, thit b thu gom cht thi; c) B tr lc lng lm v sinh mi trng. 2. Khch du lch c trch nhim thc hin cc quy nh sau y: a) Tun th ni quy, hng dn v bo v mi trng ca khu du lch, im du lch; b) Vt cht thi vo thit b thu gom cht thi ng ni quy nh; c) Gi gn v sinh ni tham quan du lch;

d) Khng c xm hi cnh quan, khu bo tn thin nhin, di sn t nhin, cc loi sinh vt ti khu du lch, im du lch. 3. C quan qun l nh nc v du lch trung ng ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cp tnh c lin quan ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin bo v mi trng trong hot ng du lch theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. iu 46. Bo v mi trng trong sn xut nng nghip 1. T chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc th y phi thc hin ng cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 2. Khng c kinh doanh, s dng cc loi thuc bo v thc vt, thuc th y ht hn s dng hoc ngoi danh mc cho php. 3. Phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc th y ht hn s dng; dng c, bao b ng phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt, thuc th y sau khi s dng phi c x l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi. 4. Khu chn nui tp trung phi p ng cc yu cu bo v mi trng sau y: a) Bo m v sinh mi trng i vi khu dn c; b) C h thng thu gom, x l nc thi t tiu chun mi trng; c) Cht thi rn chn nui phi c qun l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi, trnh pht tn ra mi trng; d) Chung, tri phi c v sinh nh k; bo m phng nga, ng ph dch bnh; ) Xc vt nui b cht do dch bnh phi c qun l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi v v sinh phng bnh. 5. B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, t chc hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng trong sn xut nng nghip. iu 47. Bo v mi trng trong nui trng thy sn 1. T chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh doanh thuc th y, ha cht trong nui trng thy sn phi thc hin ng cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 2. Khng c s dng thuc th y, ha cht ht hn s dng hoc ngoi danh mc cho php trong nui trng thy sn. 3. Thuc th y, ha cht dng trong nui trng thu sn ht hn s dng; bao b ng thuc th y, ha cht dng trong nui trng thy sn sau khi s dng; bn t v thc n lng ng khi lm v sinh trong ao nui thy sn phi c thu gom, x l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi. 4. Khu nui trng thu sn tp trung phi ph hp vi quy hoch v p ng cc yu cu bo v mi trng sau y: a) Cht thi phi c thu gom, x l t tiu chun mi trng v cht thi; b) Phc hi mi trng sau khi ngng hot ng nui trng thu sn; c) Bo m iu kin v sinh mi trng, phng nga dch bnh thu sn; khng c s dng ho cht c hi hoc tch t c hi.

5. Khng c xy dng khu nui trng thu sn tp trung trn bi bi ang hnh thnh vng ca sng ven bin; ph rng ngp mn nui trng thy sn. 6. B Thy sn ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, t chc hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng trong nui trng thy sn. iu 48. Bo v mi trng trong hot ng mai tng 1. Ni chn ct, mai tng phi bo m cc yu cu sau y: a) C v tr, khong cch p ng iu kin v v sinh mi trng, cnh quan khu dn c; b) Khng gy nhim ngun nc sinh hot, sn xut. 2. Vic qun, p, di chuyn, chn ct thi th, hi ct phi bo m yu cu v v sinh mi trng. 3. Vic mai tng ngi cht do dch bnh nguy him c thc hin theo quy nh ca B Y t. 4. Nh nc khuyn khch cng ng dn c, ngi dn thc hin chn ct trong khu ngha trang, ngha a theo quy hoch; ha tng hp v sinh, xa b h tc mai tng gy nhim mi trng. 5. T chc, c nhn hot ng dch v mai tng phi chp hnh ng cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng v php lut v v sinh phng dch. 6. B Y t ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng dn thc hin bo v mi trng trong hot ng mai tng quy nh ti iu ny. iu 49. X l c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v gy nhim mi trng 1. Cc hnh thc x l i vi t chc, c nhn hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v gy nhim mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) Pht tin v buc thc hin bin php gim thiu, x l cht thi t tiu chun mi trng; b) Tm thi nh ch hot ng cho n khi thc hin xong bin php bo v mi trng cn thit; c) X l bng cc hnh thc khc theo quy nh ca php lut v x l vi phm hnh chnh; d) Trng hp c thit hi v tnh mng, sc kho ca con ngi, ti sn v li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn do hu qu ca vic gy nhim mi trng th cn phi bi thng thit hi theo quy nh ti mc 2 Chng XIV ca Lut ny hoc b truy cu trch nhim hnh s. 2. C s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v gy nhim mi trng nghim trng th ngoi vic b x l theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny, cn b x l bng mt trong cc bin php sau y: a) Buc thc hin cc bin php khc phc nhim, phc hi mi trng theo quy nh ti iu 93 ca Lut ny; b) Buc di di c s n v tr xa khu dn c v ph hp vi sc chu ti ca mi trng; c) Cm hot ng. 3. Trch nhim v thm quyn quyt nh vic x l i vi c s gy nhim mi trng, gy nhim mi trng nghim trng c quy nh nh sau: a) C quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh c trch nhim pht hin v hng nm lp danh sch cc c s gy nhim mi trng, gy nhim mi trng nghim trng trn a bn, bo co U ban nhn dn cng cp, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan;

b) U ban nhn dn cp tnh quyt nh vic x l i vi c s gy nhim mi trng trn a bn theo thm quyn v theo phn cp ca Th tng Chnh ph; c) B trng, Th trng c quan ngang b, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph c trch nhim phi hp vi U ban nhn dn cp tnh c lin quan quyt nh danh sch v ch o t chc thc hin vic x l i vi c s gy nhim mi trng thuc thm quyn qun l; d) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cp tnh c lin quan trnh Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh danh mc cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng v vic x l i vi c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng c quy m vt qu thm quyn hoc kh nng x l ca b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph hoc y ban nhn dn cp tnh. 4. B trng, Th trng c quan ngang b, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch U ban nhn dn cc cp trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim x l i vi c s gy nhim mi trng theo quy nh ti khon 1 v khon 2 iu ny. 5. Quyt nh x l i vi c s gy nhim mi trng, gy nhim mi trng nghim trng phi c thng bo cho U ban nhn dn cp huyn, cp x ni c c s gy nhim mi trng v cng khai cho nhn dn bit kim tra, gim st. 6. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn c th v kim tra, thanh tra vic x l c s gy nhim mi trng. 7. Nh nc khuyn khch mi t chc, c nhn pht trin cng ngh x l nhim mi trng; h tr t ngn sch nh nc, qu t, u i tn dng v ngun lc khc thc hin nhim v x l c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng. CHNG VI BO V MI TRNG TH, KHU DN C iu 50. Quy hoch bo v mi trng th, khu dn c 1. Quy hoch bo v mi trng th, khu dn c phi l mt ni dung ca quy hoch th, khu dn c. 2. Ni dung quy hoch bo v mi trng th, khu dn c bao gm cc quy hoch v t ai cho xy dng kt cu h tng bo v mi trng v cc h thng cng trnh kt cu h tng bo v mi trng sau y: a) H thng cng trnh thu gom, x l nc thi tp trung; h thng tiu thot nc ma; h thng c s thu gom, tp kt, x l, ti ch cht thi rn; b) H thng cp nc phc v sinh hot, sn xut; c) H thng cng vin, khu vui chi, gii tr, cng trnh v sinh cng cng; d) H thng cy xanh, vng nc; ) Khu vc mai tng. 3. Cm xy dng mi c s sn xut, kinh doanh tim n nguy c ln v nhim, s c mi trng trong th, khu dn c. 4. U ban nhn dn cp tnh, cp huyn c trch nhim lp, ph duyt quy hoch bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v xy dng i vi quy hoch th, khu dn c. iu 51. Yu cu v bo v mi trng i vi th, khu dn c tp trung 1. th phi p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng sau y:

a) C kt cu h tng v bo v mi trng ph hp vi quy hoch th, khu dn c tp trung c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt; b) C thit b, phng tin thu gom, tp trung cht thi rn sinh hot ph hp vi khi lng, chng loi cht thi v kh nng tip nhn cht thi c phn loi ti ngun t cc h gia nh trong khu dn c; c) Bo m cc yu cu v cnh quan th, v sinh mi trng. 2. Khu dn c tp trung phi p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng sau y: a) C h thng tiu thot nc ma, nc thi ph hp vi quy hoch bo v mi trng ca khu dn c; b) C ni tp trung rc thi sinh hot bo m v sinh mi trng. 3. Ch u t xy dng mi khu dn c tp trung, chung c phi thc hin y cc yu cu v bo v mi trng quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny th mi c bn giao a vo s dng. iu 52. Bo v mi trng ni cng cng 1. T chc, cng ng dn c, h gia nh, c nhn c trch nhim thc hin cc quy nh v bo v mi trng v gi gn v sinh ni cng cng; , b rc vo thng cha rc cng cng hoc ng ni quy nh tp trung rc thi; khng vt nui gy mt v sinh ni cng cng. 2. T chc, c nhn, cng ng dn c qun l cng vin, khu vui chi, gii tr, khu du lch, ch, nh ga, bn xe, bn tu, bn cng, bn ph v khu vc cng cng khc c trch nhim sau y: a) Nim yt quy nh v gi gn v sinh ni cng cng; b) B tr cng trnh v sinh cng cng; phng tin, thit b thu gom cht thi p ng nhu cu gi gn v sinh mi trng; c) C lc lng thu gom cht thi, lm v sinh mi trng trong phm vi qun l. 3. Nhng hnh vi vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng, quy nh gi gn v sinh mi trng ni cng cng b x l bng cc bin php sau y: a) Pht tin; b) Buc lao ng v sinh mi trng c thi hn ni cng cng; c) Tm gi phng tin c lin quan gy ra nhim mi trng. 4. U ban nhn dn cc cp, lc lng cng an, n v qun l trt t cng cng trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim x l cc hnh vi vi phm v bo v mi trng ni cng cng theo quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. iu 53. Yu cu v bo v mi trng i vi h gia nh 1. H gia nh c trch nhim thc hin cc quy nh v bo v mi trng sau y: a) Thu gom v chuyn cht thi sinh hot n ng ni do t chc gi gn v sinh mi trng ti a bn quy nh; x nc thi vo h thng thu gom nc thi; b) Khng c pht tn kh thi, gy ting n v tc nhn khc vt qu tiu chun mi trng gy nh hng n sc kho, sinh hot ca cng ng dn c xung quanh; c) Np v ng thi hn cc loi ph bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut; d) Tham gia hot ng v sinh mi trng khu ph, ng lng, ng xm, ni cng cng v hot ng t qun v bo v mi trng ca cng ng dn c; ) C cng trnh v sinh, chung tri chn nui gia sc, gia cm bo m v sinh, an ton i vi khu vc sinh hot ca con ngi;

e) Thc hin cc quy nh v bo v mi trng trong hng c, bn cam kt bo v mi trng. 2. Thc hin tt cc quy nh v bo v mi trng l mt trong nhng tiu ch gia nh vn ha. iu 54. T chc t qun v bo v mi trng 1. Nh nc khuyn khch cng ng dn c thnh lp t chc t qun v bo v mi trng ni mnh sinh sng nhm thc hin cc nhim v sau y: a) Kim tra, n c cc h gia nh, c nhn thc hin quy nh v gi gn v sinh v bo v mi trng; b) T chc thu gom, tp kt v x l rc thi, cht thi; c) Gi gn v sinh ng lng, ng xm, khu ph, ni cng cng; d) Xy dng v t chc thc hin hng c v bo v mi trng; tuyn truyn, vn ng nhn dn xo b cc h tc, thi quen mt v sinh, c hi cho mi trng; ) Tham gia gim st vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng ca c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v trn a bn. 2. T chc t qun v bo v mi trng c thnh lp v hot ng da trn nguyn tc t nguyn, cng ng trch nhim, tun theo quy nh ca php lut. 3. U ban nhn dn cp x c trch nhim quy nh v hot ng v to iu kin t chc t qun v bo v mi trng hot ng c hiu qu. CHNG VII BO V MI TRNG BIN, NC SNG V CC NGUN NC KHC MC 1 B O V M I T RNG BIN iu 55. Nguyn tc bo v mi trng bin 1. Bo v mi trng l mt ni dung ca quy hoch tng th pht trin kinh t bin nhm gim thiu tc ng xu i vi mi trng bin v tng hiu qu kinh t bin. 2. Phng nga v hn ch cht thi t t lin v t cc hot ng trn bin; ch ng, phi hp ng ph s c mi trng bin. 3. Bo v mi trng bin phi trn c s phn vng chc nng bo v v s dng ti nguyn thin nhin. 4. Bo v mi trng bin phi gn vi qun l tng hp ti nguyn v mi trng bin phc v pht trin bn vng. iu 56. Bo tn v s dng hp l ti nguyn bin 1. Cc ngun ti nguyn bin phi c iu tra, nh gi v tr lng, kh nng ti sinh v gi tr kinh t phc v vic qun l v bo v mi trng bin. 2. Hot ng nui trng thu sn, khai thc ngun li, ti nguyn bin v hot ng khc lin quan n khai thc, s dng ti nguyn bin phi c thc hin theo quy hoch s dng ti nguyn thin nhin c ph duyt.

3. Hot ng trong khu bo tn thin nhin, khu rng ngp mn, di sn t nhin bin phi tun theo quy ch ca ban qun l, quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 4. Nghim cm vic s dng cc bin php, phng tin, cng c c tnh hu dit trong khai thc ti nguyn v ngun li bin. iu 57. Kim sot, x l nhim mi trng bin 1. Ngun thi t t lin, c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, th, khu dn c ven bin, trn bin, trn o phi c iu tra, thng k, nh gi v c gii php ngn nga, hn ch tc ng xu i vi mi trng bin. 2. Cht thi v cc yu t gy nhim khc t hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, xy dng, giao thng, vn ti, khai thc trn bin phi c kim sot v x l t tiu chun mi trng. 3. Du, m, dung dch khoan, ho cht v cc cht c hi khc c s dng trong cc hot ng thm d, khai thc ti nguyn bin sau khi s dng phi c thu gom, lu gi trong thit b chuyn dng v phi c x l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi. 4. Nghim cm mi hnh thc cht thi trong vng bin nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. iu 58. T chc phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng trn bin 1. T chc, c nhn hot ng khai thc khong sn, ch phng tin vn chuyn xng, du, ho cht, cht phng x v cc cht c hi khc trn bin phi c k hoch, nhn lc, trang thit b bo m phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng. 2. Lc lng cu nn, cu h quc gia, lc lng cnh st bin phi c o to, hun luyn, trang b phng tin, thit b bo m ng ph s c mi trng trn bin. 3. Ch phng tin vn ti, kho lu gi hng ho trn bin c nguy c gy ra s c mi trng phi c hnh thc thng bo cho cc lc lng quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny v t chc, c nhn lin quan khc c bit v c phng n phng trnh s c mi trng. 4. B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, U ban nhn dn cp tnh ven bin trong phm vi chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim pht hin, cnh bo, thng bo kp thi v tai bin thin nhin, s c mi trng trn bin v t chc ng ph, khc phc hu qu. MC 2 B O V M I T RNG NC SNG iu 59. Nguyn tc bo v mi trng nc sng 1. Bo v mi trng nc sng l mt trong nhng ni dung c bn ca quy hoch khai thc, s dng v qun l ti nguyn nc trong lu vc sng. 2. Cc a phng trn lu vc sng phi cng chu trch nhim bo v mi trng nc trong lu vc sng; ch ng hp tc khai thc ngun li do ti nguyn nc trong lu vc sng mang li v bo m li ch cho cng ng dn c. iu 60. Kim sot, x l nhim mi trng nc trong lu vc sng 1. Ngun thi trn lu vc sng phi c iu tra, thng k, nh gi v c gii php kim sot, x l trc khi thi vo sng.

2. Cht thi t hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, xy dng, giao thng vn ti, khai thc khong sn di lng sng v cht thi sinh hot ca cc h gia nh sinh sng trn sng phi c kim sot v bo m yu cu v bo v mi trng trc khi thi vo sng. 3. Vic pht trin mi cc khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, th, dn c tp trung trong lu vc sng phi c xem xt trong tng th ton lu vc, c tnh n cc yu t dng chy, ch thu vn, sc chu ti, kh nng t lm sch ca dng sng v hin trng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v v pht trin th trn ton lu vc. 4. Vic thm nh bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng i vi d n pht trin mi khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, th, dn c tp trung, c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c quy m ln trong lu vc phi c s tham gia kin ca U ban nhn dn cp tnh ni c sng chy qua. iu 61. Trch nhim ca U ban nhn dn cp tnh i vi bo v mi trng nc trong lu vc sng 1. U ban nhn dn cp tnh trn lu vc sng c trch nhim sau y: a) Cng khai thng tin cc ngun thi ra sng; b) Kim sot ngun thi vo nc sng v x l cc trng hp vi phm tiu chun mi trng; c) Phi hp vi c quan hu quan trong vic xc nh i tng gy thit hi v mi trng v gii quyt bi thng thit hi v mi trng trong trng hp i tng b thit hi thuc cc a phng khc trn lu vc. 2. U ban nhn dn cp tnh trn thng ngun dng sng c trch nhim phi hp vi U ban nhn dn cp tnh trn h ngun dng sng trong vic iu tra pht hin, xc nh ngun gy nhim nc sng v p dng cc bin php x l. Trng hp c thit hi v mi trng, U ban nhn dn cp tnh ni xy ra thit hi c trch nhim phi hp vi cc c quan hu quan t chc vic iu tra, nh gi v mc thit hi v yu cu cc i tng gy thit hi phi bi thng. 3. U ban nhn dn cp tnh ni pht sinh ngun thi c trch nhim p dng cc bin php cng ch buc i tng gy nhim mi trng trn a bn phi thc hin ngha v khc phc v bi thng thit hi theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 62. T chc bo v mi trng nc ca lu vc sng 1. Vic iu phi hot ng bo v mi trng nc ca lu vc sng nm trn a bn nhiu tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng c thc hin theo quy nh ca Th tng Chnh ph. 2. U ban nhn dn cp tnh trn lu vc sng c trch nhim thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng nc ca lu vc sng. 3. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch o v hng dn thc hin quy nh ca Th tng Chnh ph v bo v mi trng nc ca lu vc sng. MC 3 B O V M I T RNG C C NGUN NC KH C iu 63. Bo v mi trng ngun nc h, ao, knh, mng, rch 1. Ngun nc h, ao, knh, mng, rch phi c iu tra, nh gi tr lng, cht lng v bo v iu ho ngun nc.

2. H, ao, knh, mng, rch trong th, khu dn c phi c quy hoch ci to, bo v; t chc, c nhn khng c ln chim, xy dng mi cc cng trnh, nh trn mt nc hoc trn b tip gip mt nc h, ao, knh, mng, rch c quy hoch; hn ch ti a vic san lp h, ao trong th, khu dn c. Ch d n ngn dng chy knh, mng; d n san lp h, ao, knh, mng, rch phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut. 3. Khng c t, , ct, si, cht thi rn, nc thi cha qua x l t tiu chun mi trng v cc loi cht thi khc vo ngun nc mt ca h, ao, knh, mng, rch. 4. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim t chc iu tra, nh gi tr lng, cht lng v lp quy hoch bo v, iu ho ch nc ca h, ao, knh, mng, rch; lp v thc hin k hoch ci to hoc di di cc khu, cm nh , cng trnh trn h, ao, knh, mng, rch gy nhim mi trng, tc nghn dng chy, suy thoi h sinh thi t ngp nc v lm mt m quan th. iu 64. Bo v mi trng h cha nc phc v mc ch thu li, thy in 1. Vic xy dng, qun l v vn hnh h cha nc phc v mc ch thy li, thu in phi gn vi bo v mi trng. 2. Khng c ln chim din tch h; cht thi rn, t, , nc thi cha qua x l vo lng h. 3. Mi trng nc trong h cha nc phc v mc ch thy li, thu in phi c quan trc nh k nhm d bo din bin cht lng nc, ch thu vn iu ho ngun nc v bo v mi trng. 4. C quan qun l h cha nc phc v mc ch thy li, thu in c trch nhim thc hin quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. iu 65. Bo v mi trng nc di t 1. Vic bo v mi trng trong thm d, khai thc nc di t c quy nh nh sau: a) D n khai thc nc di t c cng sut t 10.000 mt khi trong mt ngy m tr ln phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; b) Ch s dng cc loi ho cht trong danh mc cho php ca c quan nh nc c thm quyn trong thm d, khai thc nc di t; c) Nghim cm vic a vo ngun nc di t cc loi ho cht, cht c hi, cht thi, vi sinh vt cha c kim nh v cc tc nhn c hi khc i vi con ngi v sinh vt; d) C bin php ngn nga nhim ngun nc di t qua ging khoan thm d, khai thc nc di t; c s khai thc nc di t c trch nhim phc hi mi trng khu vc thm d, khai thc; cc l khoan thm d, l khoan khai thc khng cn s dng phi c lp li theo ng quy trnh k thut trnh lm nhim ngun nc di t. 2. D n khai thc khong sn, d n khc c s dng ho cht c hi, cht phng x phi c bin php bo m khng r r, pht tn ho cht, cht thi c hi, cht thi phng x, sinh vt nhim bnh vo ngun nc di t. 3. Kho cha ho cht, c s x l, khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi phi c xy dng bo m an ton k thut, c bin php ngn cch ho cht c hi ngm vo ngun nc di t. 4. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c trch nhim ch o vic t chc iu tra, nh gi, quan trc nh k tr lng, cht lng nc di t.

CHNG VIII QUN L CHT THI MC 1 Q U Y N H C H U N G V Q U N L C H T T H I iu 66. Trch nhim qun l cht thi 1. T chc, c nhn c hot ng lm pht sinh cht thi c trch nhim gim thiu, ti ch, ti s dng hn ch n mc thp nht lng cht thi phi tiu hu, thi b. 2. Cht thi phi c xc nh ngun thi, khi lng, tnh cht c phng php v quy trnh x l thch hp vi tng loi cht thi. 3. T chc, c nhn sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v thc hin tt vic qun l cht thi c cp giy chng nhn t tiu chun mi trng. 4. Vic qun l cht thi c thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. iu 67. Thu hi, x l sn phm ht hn s dng hoc thi b 1. Ch c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c trch nhim thu hi sn phm ht hn s dng hoc thi b di y: a) Ngun phng x s dng trong sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v; b) Pin, c quy; c) Thit b in t, in dn dng v cng nghip; d) Du nht, m bi trn, bao b kh phn hu trong t nhin; ) Sn phm thuc, ho cht s dng trong cng nghip, nng nghip, thu sn; thuc cha bnh cho ngi; e) Phng tin giao thng; g) Sm, lp; h) Sn phm khc theo quyt nh ca Th tng Chnh ph. 2. Th tng Chnh ph quy nh vic thu hi, x l cc sn phm quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny. iu 68. Ti ch cht thi 1. Cht thi phi c phn loi ti ngun theo cc nhm ph hp vi mc ch ti ch, x l, tiu hu v chn lp. 2. T chc, c nhn c hot ng ti ch cht thi, sn phm quy nh ti iu 67 c hng chnh sch u i theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 3. T chc, c nhn u t xy dng c s ti ch cht thi c Nh nc u i v thu, h tr vn, t ai xy dng c s ti ch cht thi. iu 69. Trch nhim ca y ban nhn dn cc cp trong qun l cht thi 1. Lp quy hoch, b tr mt bng cho vic tp kt cht thi rn sinh hot, xy dng h thng x l nc thi sinh hot tp trung, khu chn lp cht thi.

2. u t, xy dng, vn hnh cc cng trnh cng cng phc v qun l cht thi thuc phm vi qun l ca mnh. 3. Kim tra, gim nh cc cng trnh qun l cht thi ca t chc, c nhn trc khi a vo s dng. 4. Ban hnh v thc hin chnh sch u i, h tr cho hot ng qun l cht thi theo quy nh ca php lut. MC 2 Q U N L C H T T H I N G U Y H I iu 70. Lp h s, ng k, cp php v m s hot ng qun l cht thi nguy hi 1. T chc, c nhn c hot ng pht sinh cht thi nguy hi hoc bn tip nhn qun l cht thi nguy hi phi lp h s, ng k vi c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh. 2. T chc, c nhn c iu kin v nng lc qun l cht thi nguy hi th c cp giy php, m s hot ng qun l cht thi nguy hi. 3. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh iu kin v nng lc v hng dn vic lp h s, ng k, cp php, m s hnh ngh qun l cht thi nguy hi. iu 71. Phn loi, thu gom, lu gi tm thi cht thi nguy hi 1. T chc, c nhn c hot ng lm pht sinh cht thi nguy hi phi t chc phn loi, thu gom hoc hp ng chuyn giao cho bn tip nhn qun l cht thi thu gom cht thi nguy hi. 2. Cht thi nguy hi phi c lu gi tm thi trong thit b chuyn dng bo m khng r r, ri vi, pht tn ra mi trng. 3. T chc, c nhn phi c k hoch, phng tin phng, chng s c do cht thi nguy hi gy ra; khng c ln cht thi nguy hi vi cht thi thng thng. iu 72. Vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi 1. Cht thi nguy hi phi c vn chuyn bng thit b, phng tin chuyn dng ph hp, i theo tuyn ng v thi gian do c quan c thm quyn v phn lung giao thng quy nh. 2. Ch nhng t chc, c nhn c giy php vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi mi c tham gia vn chuyn. 3. Phng tin vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi phi c thit b phng, chng r r, ri vi, s c do cht thi nguy hi gy ra. 4. T chc, c nhn vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi chu trch nhim v tnh trng r r, ri vi, xy ra s c mi trng trong qu trnh vn chuyn, xp d. iu 73. X l cht thi nguy hi 1. Cht thi nguy hi phi c x l bng phng php, cng ngh, thit b ph hp vi c tnh ho hc, l hc v sinh hc ca tng loi cht thi nguy hi bo m t tiu chun mi trng; trng hp trong nc khng c cng ngh, thit b x l th phi lu gi theo quy nh ca php lut v hng dn ca c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng cho n khi cht thi c x l. 2. Ch nhng t chc, c nhn c c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn cp giy php v m s hot ng mi c tham gia x l cht thi nguy hi.

3. T chc, c nhn u t xy dng c s x l cht thi nguy hi phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v thc hin yu cu v bo v mi trng. 4. Vic chuyn giao trch nhim x l cht thi nguy hi gia ch c hot ng lm pht sinh cht thi v bn tip nhn trch nhim x l cht thi c thc hin bng hp ng, c xc nhn ca c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh. 5. Hp ng chuyn giao trch nhim x l cht thi nguy hi phi ghi r xut x, thnh phn, chng loi, cng ngh x l, bin php chn lp cht thi cn li sau x l. iu 74. C s x l cht thi nguy hi 1. C s x l cht thi nguy hi phi p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng sau y: a) Ph hp vi quy hoch v thu gom, x l, chn lp cht thi nguy hi c ph duyt; b) ng k danh mc cht thi nguy hi c x l; c) ng k v c thm nh cng ngh x l cht thi nguy hi; d) C khong cch an ton v mi trng i vi khu dn c, khu bo tn thin nhin, ngun nc mt, nc di t; ) C k hoch v trang thit b phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng; e) c thit k, xy dng theo ng yu cu k thut v quy trnh cng ngh bo m x l cht thi nguy hi t tiu chun mi trng; g) Trc khi a vo vn hnh, phi c c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng c thm quyn kim tra xc nhn; h) Cht thi nguy hi trc v sau khi x l phi c lu gi trong thit b chuyn dng ph hp vi loi hnh cht thi nguy hi; i) Bo m an ton v sc kho v tnh mng cho ngi lao ng lm vic trong c s x l cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh ca php lut v lao ng. 2. B Xy dng ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh tiu chun k thut, hng dn, kim tra, xc nhn c s x l cht thi nguy hi. iu 75. Khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi 1. Khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi phi p ng cc yu cu v bo v mi trng sau y: a) c b tr ng quy hoch, thit k theo yu cu k thut i vi khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi; c khong cch an ton v mi trng i vi khu dn c, khu bo tn thin nhin, ngun nc mt, nc di t phc v mc ch sinh hot; c hng ro ngn cch v bin hiu cnh bo; b) C k hoch v trang thit b phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng; c) Bo m cc iu kin v v sinh mi trng, trnh pht tn kh c ra mi trng xung quanh; d) Trc khi a vo vn hnh, phi c c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn kim tra, xc nhn t yu cu k thut tip nhn, chn lp cht thi nguy hi. 2. B Xy dng ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh tiu chun k thut, hng dn, kim tra, xc nhn khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi. iu 76. Quy hoch v thu gom, x l, chn lp cht thi nguy hi

1. B Xy dng ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v U ban nhn dn cp tnh lp quy hoch tng th quc gia v thu gom, x l, chn lp cht thi nguy hi trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt. 2. Ni dung quy hoch tng th quc gia v thu gom, x l, chn lp cht thi nguy hi bao gm: a) iu tra, nh gi, d bo ngun pht sinh cht thi nguy hi, loi v khi lng cht thi nguy hi; b) Xc nh a im c s x l, khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi; c) Xc lp phng thc thu gom, tuyn ng vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi, v tr, quy m, loi hnh, phng thc lu gi; xc nh cng ngh x l, ti ch, tiu hu, chn lp cht thi nguy hi; d) Xc nh k hoch v ngun lc thc hin bo m tt c cc loi cht thi nguy hi phi c thng k y v c x l trit . 3. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim b tr mt bng xy dng khu chn lp cht thi nguy hi theo quy hoch c ph duyt. MC 3 Q U N L C H T T H I R N T H N G T H N G iu 77. Phn loi cht thi rn thng thng 1. Cht thi rn thng thng c phn thnh hai nhm chnh sau y: a) Cht thi c th dng ti ch, ti s dng; b) Cht thi phi tiu hy hoc chn lp. 2. T chc, c nhn pht sinh cht thi rn thng thng c trch nhim thc hin phn loi ti ngun nhm nng cao hiu qu qun l cht thi. iu 78. Thu gom, vn chuyn cht thi rn thng thng 1. T chc, c nhn qun l khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung, khu dn c tp trung, khu vc cng cng phi b tr v ng quy nh thit b thu gom tip nhn cht thi rn ph hp vi vic phn loi ti ngun. 2. Cht thi rn thng thng phi c vn chuyn theo nhm c phn loi ti ngun, trong thit b chuyn dng ph hp, bo m khng ri vi, pht tn mi trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Vn chuyn cht thi trong th, khu dn c ch c thc hin theo nhng tuyn ng c c quan c thm quyn phn lung giao thng quy nh. 3. Cht thi rn thng thng c tn dng mc cao nht cho ti ch, ti s dng; hn ch thi b cht thi rn thng thng cn c gi tr ti ch hoc s dng cho mc ch hu ch khc. iu 79. C s ti ch, tiu hy, khu chn lp cht thi rn thng thng 1. C s ti ch, tiu hy, khu chn lp cht thi rn thng thng phi p ng cc yu cu sau y: a) Ph hp vi quy hoch v thu gom, ti ch, tiu hy, chn lp cht thi rn thng thng c ph duyt; b) Khng c t gn khu dn c, cc ngun nc mt, ni c th gy nhim ngun nc di t;

c) c thit k, xy dng v vn hnh bo m x l trit , tit kim, t hiu qu kinh t tng hp, khng gy nhim mi trng; d) C phn khu x l nc thi pht sinh t cht thi rn thng thng; ) Sau khi xy dng xong phi c c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng kim tra, xc nhn mi c tip nhn cht thi v vn hnh ti ch, x l hoc chn lp cht thi. 2. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim ch o vic xy dng, qun l cc c s ti ch, tiu hy, khu chn lp cht thi rn thng thng trn a bn. 3. B Xy dng ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng quy nh tiu chun k thut, hng dn, kim tra, xc nhn c s ti ch, tiu hu, khu chn lp cht thi rn thng thng. iu 80. Quy hoch v thu gom, ti ch, tiu hu, chn lp cht thi rn thng thng 1. Quy hoch v thu gom, ti ch, tiu hu, chn lp cht thi rn thng thng bao gm cc ni dung sau y: a) iu tra, nh gi, d bo cc ngun pht thi v tng lng cht thi rn pht sinh; b) nh gi kh nng phn loi ti ngun v kh nng ti ch cht thi; c) Xc nh v tr, quy m cc im thu gom, c s ti ch, tiu hu, khu chn lp cht thi; d) La chn cng ngh thch hp; ) Xc nh tin v ngun lc thc hin. 2. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim b tr mt bng, t chc xy dng v qun l cc c s thu gom, ti ch, tiu hu, khu chn lp cht thi rn thng thng trn a bn theo quy hoch c ph duyt. 3. B Xy dng ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng xy dng quy hoch tng th quc gia v thu gom, ti ch, tiu hu, chn lp cht thi rn thng thng trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt. MC 4 Q U N L C H T T H I iu 81. Thu gom, x l nc thi 1. th, khu dn c tp trung phi c h thng thu gom ring nc ma v nc thi; nc thi sinh hot phi c x l t tiu chun mi trng trc khi a vo mi trng. 2. Nc thi ca c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung phi c thu gom, x l t tiu chun mi trng. 3. Bn thi t h thng x l nc thi c qun l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi rn. 4. Nc thi, bn thi c yu t nguy hi phi c qun l theo quy nh v cht thi nguy hi. iu 82. H thng x l nc thi 1. i tng sau y phi c h thng x l nc thi: a) Khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung; b) Khu, cm cng nghip lng ngh; c) C s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v khng lin thng vi h thng x l nc thi tp trung. 2. H thng x l nc thi phi bo m cc yu cu sau y:

a) C quy trnh cng ngh ph hp vi loi hnh nc thi cn x l; b) cng sut x l nc thi ph hp vi khi lng nc thi pht sinh; c) X l nc thi t tiu chun mi trng; d) Ca x nc thi vo h thng tiu thot phi t v tr thun li cho vic kim tra, gim st; ) Vn hnh thng xuyn. 3. Ch qun l h thng x l nc thi phi thc hin quan trc nh k nc thi trc v sau khi x l. S liu quan trc c lu gi lm cn c kim tra, gim st hot ng ca h thng x l nc thi. MC 5 Q U N L V K I M S O T B I , K H T H I , T I N G N , R U N G , N H S N G , B C X iu 83. Qun l v kim sot bi, kh thi 1. T chc, c nhn hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c pht tn bi, kh thi phi c trch nhim kim sot v x l bi, kh thi t tiu chun mi trng. 2. Hn ch vic s dng nhin liu, nguyn liu, thit b, phng tin thi kh c hi ra mi trng. 3. Phng tin giao thng, my mc, thit b, cng trnh xy dng c pht tn bi, kh thi phi c b phn lc, gim thiu kh thi t tiu chun mi trng, c thit b che chn hoc bin php khc gim thiu bi bo m t tiu chun mi trng. 4. Bi, kh thi c yu t nguy hi phi c qun l theo quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi. iu 84. Qun l kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh, ph hu tng zn 1. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c trch nhim thng k khi lng kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh trong phm vi c nc nhm thc hin iu c quc t m Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l thnh vin. 2. Vic chuyn nhng, mua bn hn ngch pht thi kh gy hiu ng nh knh ca Vit Nam vi nc ngoi do Th tng Chnh ph quy nh. 3. Nh nc khuyn khch cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v gim thiu kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh. 4. Cm sn xut, nhp khu, s dng hp cht lm suy gim tng zn theo iu c quc t m Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l thnh vin. iu 85. Hn ch ting n, rung, nh sng, bc x 1. T chc, c nhn gy ting n, rung, nh sng, bc x vt qu tiu chun mi trng phi c trch nhim kim sot, x l t tiu chun mi trng. 2. C s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v trong khu dn c gy ting n, rung, nh sng, bc x vt qu tiu chun cho php phi thc hin bin php hn ch, gim thiu khng lm nh hng n sinh hot, sc kho ca cng ng dn c. 3. Tuyn ng c mt phng tin tham gia giao thng cao, cng trnh xy dng gy ting n, rung, nh sng, bc x vt qu tiu chun cho php phi c bin php gim thiu, khc phc p ng tiu chun mi trng.

4. Cm sn xut, nhp khu, vn chuyn, kinh doanh v s dng pho n. Vic sn xut, nhp khu, vn chuyn, kinh doanh v s dng pho hoa theo quy nh ca Th tng Chnh ph. CHNG IX PHNG NGA, NG PH S C MI TRNG, KHC PHC NHIM V PHC HI MI TRNG MC 1 P H N G N G A, N G P H S C M I T R N G iu 86. Phng nga s c mi trng 1. Ch c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, phng tin vn ti c nguy c gy ra s c mi trng phi thc hin cc bin php phng nga sau y: a) Lp k hoch phng nga v ng ph s c mi trng; b) Lp t, trang b cc thit b, dng c, phng tin ng ph s c mi trng; c) o to, hun luyn, xy dng lc lng ti ch ng ph s c mi trng; d) Tun th quy nh v an ton lao ng, thc hin ch kim tra thng xuyn; ) C trch nhim thc hin hoc ngh c quan c thm quyn thc hin kp thi bin php loi tr nguyn nhn gy ra s c khi pht hin c du hiu s c mi trng. 2. Ni dung phng nga s c mi trng do thin tai gy ra bao gm: a) Xy dng nng lc d bo, cnh bo v nguy c, din bin ca cc loi hnh thin tai c th gy s c mi trng; b) iu tra, thng k, nh gi nguy c cc loi thin tai c th xy ra trong phm vi c nc, tng khu vc; c) Quy hoch xy dng cc cng trnh phc v mc ch phng nga, gim thiu thit hi nhng ni d xy ra s c mi trng. 3. B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cp tnh trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh thc hin cc ni dung quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny. iu 87. An ton sinh hc 1. T chc, c nhn hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v v sinh vt bin i gen v sn phm ca chng phi tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v a dng sinh hc, v sinh an ton thc phm, ging cy trng, ging vt nui v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 2. T chc, c nhn ch c php tin hnh hot ng nghin cu, th nghim, sn xut, kinh doanh, s dng, nhp khu, xut khu, lu gi, vn chuyn sinh vt bin i gen v sn phm ca chng thuc danh mc c php lut cho php v phi p ng y cc iu kin v an ton sinh hc v th tc theo quy nh ca php lut. 3. ng vt, thc vt, vi sinh vt nhp ni v qu cnh phi c c quan qun l nh nc c thm quyn cho php v phi c kim dch theo quy nh ca php lut v kim dch ng vt, thc vt, vi sinh vt. iu 88. An ton ho cht 1. T chc, c nhn sn xut, kinh doanh, vn chuyn, lu gi, s dng hoc c hot ng khc lin quan n ho cht ch c php hot ng khi p ng y cc iu kin, th tc, bin php an

ton ha cht theo quy nh ca php lut v qun l, s dng ha cht v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 2. Hn ch s dng phn bn ho hc, ho cht, thc n v thuc bo v thc vt, ng vt gy nhim, suy thoi mi trng, suy gim a dng sinh hc. iu 89. An ton ht nhn v an ton bc x 1. T chc, c nhn c hot ng lin quan n ht nhn v bc x gm: a) Thm d, khai thc, tinh ch cht phng x c ngun gc t nhin; b) Tng tr, bo qun, vn chuyn cht phng x; c) Sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v nguyn liu c cht phng x, sn phm phng x; d) Sn xut sn phm, xy dng cng trnh gy bc x in t; ) S dng cng ngh nguyn t, ht nhn, thit b cha cht phng x, thit b gy bc x in t; e) Xut khu, nhp khu nguyn liu, thit b, cng ngh c cht phng x. 2. T chc, c nhn quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny phi tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v an ton ht nhn, an ton bc x in t. 3. An ton ht nhn, an ton bc x phi nhm cc mc ch sau y: a) Khng gy nh hng xu n con ngi, sinh vt; b) Khng gy nhim mi trng, nh hng xu n cc thnh phn mi trng; c) Khng gy s c, thm ha mi trng. 4. Tiu chun v an ton ht nhn, an ton bc x in t l tiu chun quc gia bt buc p dng v do c quan nh nc c thm quyn ban hnh. iu 90. ng ph s c mi trng 1. Trch nhim ng ph s c mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) T chc, c nhn gy ra s c mi trng c trch nhim thc hin cc bin php khn cp bo m an ton cho ngi v ti sn; t chc cu ngi, ti sn v kp thi thng bo cho chnh quyn a phng hoc c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng ni xy ra s c; b) S c mi trng xy ra c s, a phng no th ngi ng u c s, a phng c trch nhim huy ng khn cp nhn lc, vt lc v phng tin ng ph s c kp thi; c) S c mi trng xy ra trong phm vi nhiu c s, a phng th ngi ng u cc c s, a phng ni c s c c trch nhim cng phi hp ng ph; d) Trng hp vt qu kh nng ng ph s c ca c s, a phng th phi khn cp bo co c quan cp trn trc tip kp thi huy ng cc c s, a phng khc tham gia ng ph s c mi trng; c s, a phng c yu cu huy ng phi thc hin cc bin php ng ph s c mi trng trong phm vi kh nng ca mnh. 2. Nhn lc, vt t, phng tin c s dng ng ph s c mi trng c bi hon chi ph theo quy nh ca php lut. 3. Vic ng ph s c mi trng c bit nghim trng c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v tnh trng khn cp. 4. Ngha v bi thng thit hi do s c mi trng gy ra c thc hin theo quy nh ti mc 2 Chng XIV ca Lut ny, B lut dn s v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan.

iu 91. Xy dng lc lng ng ph s c mi trng 1. Nh nc c trch nhim xy dng lc lng, trang b, thit b d bo, cnh bo v thin tai, thi tit, s c mi trng. 2. C s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c trch nhim xy dng nng lc phng nga v ng ph thin tai, s c mi trng. MC 2 KH C PHC NHIM V PHC HI M I T R NG iu 92. Cn c xc nh khu vc mi trng b nhim 1. Mi trng b nhim trong trng hp hm lng mt hoc nhiu cht gy nhim vt qu tiu chun v cht lng mi trng. 2. Mi trng b nhim nghim trng khi hm lng ca mt hoc nhiu ho cht, kim loi nng vt qu tiu chun v cht lng mi trng t 3 ln tr ln hoc hm lng ca mt hoc nhiu cht gy nhim khc vt qu tiu chun v cht lng mi trng t 5 ln tr ln. 3. Mi trng b nhim c bit nghim trng khi hm lng ca mt hoc nhiu ho cht, kim loi nng vt qu tiu chun v cht lng mi trng t 5 ln tr ln hoc hm lng ca mt hoc nhiu cht gy nhim khc vt qu tiu chun v cht lng mi trng t 10 ln tr ln. iu 93. Khc phc nhim v phc hi mi trng 1. Vic iu tra, xc nh khu vc mi trng b nhim bao gm cc ni dung sau y: a) Phm vi, gii hn khu vc mi trng b nhim; b) Mc nhim; c) Nguyn nhn, trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan; d) Cc cng vic cn thc hin khc phc nhim v phc hi mi trng; ) Cc thit hi i vi mi trng lm cn c yu cu bn gy nhim, suy thoi phi bi thng. 2. Trch nhim iu tra, xc nh khu vc mi trng b nhim c quy nh nh sau: a) U ban nhn dn cp tnh t chc iu tra, xc nh khu vc mi trng b nhim trn a bn; b) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch o vic phi hp ca U ban nhn dn cp tnh t chc, iu tra, xc nh khu vc mi trng b nhim nm trn a bn t hai tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng tr ln. Kt qu iu tra v nguyn nhn, mc , phm vi nhim v thit hi v mi trng phi c cng khai nhn dn c bit. 3. T chc, c nhn gy nhim mi trng c trch nhim sau y: a) Thc hin cc yu cu ca c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny trong qu trnh iu tra, xc nh phm vi, gii hn, mc , nguyn nhn, bin php khc phc nhim v phc hi mi trng; b) Tin hnh ngay cc bin php ngn chn, hn ch ngun gy nhim mi trng v hn ch s lan rng, nh hng n sc kho v i sng ca nhn dn trong vng;

c) Thc hin cc bin php khc phc nhim v phc hi mi trng theo yu cu ca c quan qun l nh nc v mi trng quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny; d) Bi thng thit hi theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. Trng hp c nhiu t chc, c nhn cng gy nhim mi trng th c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny c trch nhim phi hp vi cc bn lin quan lm r trch nhim ca tng i tng trong vic khc phc nhim v phc hi mi trng. 4. Trng hp mi trng b nhim do thin tai gy ra hoc cha xc nh c nguyn nhn th cc b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cc cp trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim huy ng cc ngun lc t chc x l, khc phc nhim mi trng. 5. Trng hp khu vc b nhim nm trn a bn t hai tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng tr ln th vic khc phc nhim v phc hi mi trng c thc hin theo ch o ca Th tng Chnh ph.

CHNG X QUAN TRC V THNG TIN V MI TRNG iu 94. Quan trc mi trng 1. Hin trng mi trng v cc tc ng i vi mi trng c theo di thng qua cc chng trnh quan trc mi trng sau y: a) Quan trc hin trng mi trng quc gia; b) Quan trc cc tc ng i vi mi trng t hot ng ca ngnh, lnh vc; c) Quan trc hin trng mi trng ca tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng; d) Quan trc cc tc ng mi trng t hot ng ca c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung. 2. Trch nhim quan trc mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng t chc vic quan trc hin trng mi trng quc gia; b) B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph t chc vic quan trc cc tc ng i vi mi trng t hot ng ca ngnh, lnh vc do mnh qun l; c) U ban nhn dn cp tnh t chc vic quan trc hin trng mi trng theo phm vi a phng; d) Ngi qun l, vn hnh c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v hoc khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung c trch nhim quan trc cc tc ng i vi mi trng t cc c s ca mnh. iu 95. H thng quan trc mi trng 1. H thng quan trc mi trng bao gm: a) Cc trm ly mu, o c phc v hot ng quan trc mi trng; b) Cc phng th nghim, trung tm phn tch mu, qun l v x l s liu quan trc mi trng. 2. H thng quan trc mi trng phi c quy hoch v xy dng ng b, bo m yu cu quan trc nhm cung cp thng tin phc v cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng. 3. T chc, c nhn c nng lc chuyn mn v trang thit b k thut c tham gia hot ng quan trc mi trng.

iu 96. Quy hoch h thng quan trc mi trng 1. Quy hoch h thng quan trc mi trng bao gm cc ni dung sau: a) iu tra, nghin cu xc nh i tng quan trc v d liu cn thu thp phc v mc ch bo v mi trng; b) Xc nh mt , quy m, tnh nng ca h thng cc trm ly mu quan trc mi trng; c) B tr h thng thit b s dng trong quan trc mi trng; d) Xc nh tin v ngun lc thc hin; ) o to ngun nhn lc nng lc thc hin nhim v quan trc mi trng. 2. Trch nhim lp, ph duyt quy hoch h thng quan trc mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng lp quy hoch tng th h thng quan trc mi trng quc gia trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt; ch o xy dng v qun l thng nht s liu quan trc mi trng; b) C quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh lp quy hoch mng li quan trc mi trng trn a bn trnh U ban nhn dn cng cp ph duyt; c) T chc, c nhn qun l khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung t chc xy dng v qun l mng li quan trc mi trng trong phm vi qun l. iu 97. Chng trnh quan trc mi trng 1. Chng trnh quan trc mi trng bao gm chng trnh quan trc hin trng mi trng v chng trnh quan trc tc ng mi trng t cc hot ng kinh t - x hi. Chng trnh quan trc mi trng phi c thc hin thng nht, ng b. 2. Chng trnh quan trc hin trng mi trng bao gm cc hot ng sau y: a) nh k ly mu phn tch v d bo din bin cht lng t, nc, khng kh; b) Theo di din bin s lng, thnh phn, trng thi cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin; c) Theo di din bin cht lng, s lng, thnh phn, trng thi cc h sinh thi, loi sinh vt v ngun gen. 3. Chng trnh quan trc tc ng mi trng bao gm cc hot ng sau y: a) Theo di s lng, thc trng, din bin cc ngun tc ng xu ln mi trng; b) Theo di din bin s lng, thnh phn, mc nguy hi ca cht thi rn, kh thi, nc thi; c) Pht hin, nh gi cc tc ng xuyn bin gii n mi trng trong nc. 4. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn vic lp k hoch v t chc thc hin chng trnh quan trc mi trng. iu 98. Ch th mi trng 1. Ch th mi trng l thng s c bn phn nh cc yu t c trng ca mi trng phc v mc ch nh gi, theo di din bin cht lng mi trng, lp bo co hin trng mi trng. 2. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh b ch th mi trng ca quc gia p dng trong c nc. iu 99. Bo co hin trng mi trng cp tnh

1. Bo co hin trng mi trng cp tnh bao gm cc ni dung sau y: a) Hin trng v din bin cht lng mi trng t; b) Hin trng v din bin cht lng mi trng nc; c) Hin trng v din bin cht lng mi trng khng kh; d) Hin trng v din bin s lng, trng thi, cht lng cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin; ) Hin trng v din bin cht lng, trng thi cc h sinh thi; s lng, thnh phn cc loi sinh vt v ngun gen; e) Hin trng mi trng cc khu th, khu dn c tp trung, khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung v lng ngh; g) Cc khu vc mi trng b nhim, suy thoi, danh mc cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng; h) Cc vn mi trng bc xc v nguyn nhn chnh; i) Cc bin php khc phc nhim, suy thoi v ci thin mi trng; k) nh gi cng tc bo v mi trng ca a phng; l) K hoch, chng trnh, bin php p ng yu cu bo v mi trng. 2. nh k nm nm mt ln, U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim lp bo co hin trng mi trng theo k k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca a phng trnh Hi ng nhn dn cng cp v bo co B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. iu 100. Bo co tnh hnh tc ng mi trng ca ngnh, lnh vc 1. Bo co tnh hnh tc ng mi trng ca ngnh, lnh vc bao gm cc ni dung sau y: a) Hin trng, s lng, din bin cc ngun tc ng xu i vi mi trng; b) Hin trng, din bin, thnh phn, mc nguy hi ca cht thi theo ngnh, lnh vc; c) Danh mc cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng v tnh hnh x l; d) nh gi cng tc bo v mi trng ca ngnh, lnh vc; ) D bo cc thch thc i vi mi trng; e) K hoch, chng trnh, bin php p ng yu cu bo v mi trng. 2. nh k nm nm mt ln, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph lp bo co tnh hnh tc ng mi trng ca ngnh, lnh vc do mnh qun l theo k k hoch nm nm gi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. iu 101. Bo co mi trng quc gia 1. Bo co mi trng quc gia gm c cc ni dung sau y: a) Cc tc ng mi trng t hot ng ca ngnh, lnh vc; b) Din bin mi trng quc gia v cc vn mi trng bc xc; c) nh gi vic thc hin chnh sch, php lut, t chc qun l v bin php bo v mi trng; d) D bo cc thch thc i vi mi trng; ) K hoch, chng trnh, bin php p ng yu cu bo v mi trng.

2. nh k nm nm mt ln, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c trch nhim lp bo co mi trng quc gia theo k k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi quc gia Chnh ph trnh Quc hi; hng nm lp bo co chuyn v mi trng. iu 102. Thng k, lu tr d liu, thng tin v mi trng 1. S liu v mi trng t cc chng trnh quan trc mi trng phi c thng k, lu tr nhm phc v cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng. 2. Vic thng k, lu tr s liu v mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) B Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi hp vi c quan qun l nh nc v thng k trung ng xy dng c s d liu v mi trng quc gia; b) B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph thng k, lu tr s liu v mi trng ca ngnh, lnh vc do mnh qun l; c) U ban nhn dn cc cp thng k, lu tr s liu v mi trng ti a phng; d) Ngi qun l, vn hnh c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v hoc khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung c trch nhim thng k, lu tr s liu v cc tc ng i vi mi trng, v cc ngun thi, v cht thi t hot ng ca mnh. 3. B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, U ban nhn dn cc cp c trch nhim xy dng h thng thu thp, x l, tng hp, lu tr v p dng cng ngh thng tin trong thng k, lu tr s liu v mi trng. iu 103. Cng b, cung cp thng tin v mi trng 1. T chc, c nhn qun l khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung, ch c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v thuc i tng phi lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng c trch nhim bo co cc thng tin v mi trng trong phm vi qun l ca mnh vi c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp tnh. 2. C s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v khng thuc i tng quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny c trch nhim cung cp thng tin v mi trng lin quan n hot ng ca mnh cho c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cp huyn hoc cn b ph trch v bo v mi trng cp x ni c s hot ng v cng b thng tin v mi trng cng ng dn c c bit. 3. C quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng cc cp c trch nhim bo co cc thng tin v mi trng trn a bn cho c quan cp trn trc tip v cng b cc thng tin ch yu v mi trng theo nh k hoc theo yu cu. 4. B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c trch nhim nh k cung cp cho B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, c quan qun l nh nc v thng k trung ng thng tin v mi trng lin quan n ngnh, lnh vc mnh qun l. iu 104. Cng khai thng tin, d liu v mi trng 1. Thng tin, d liu v mi trng sau y, tr cc thng tin thuc danh mc b mt nh nc, phi c cng khai: a) Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v k hoch thc hin cc yu cu ca quyt nh ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng; b) Cam kt bo v mi trng ng k; c) Danh sch, thng tin v cc ngun thi, cc loi cht thi c nguy c gy hi ti sc kho con ngi v mi trng;

d) Khu vc mi trng b nhim, suy thoi mc nghim trng v c bit nghim trng, khu vc c nguy c xy ra s c mi trng; ) Quy hoch thu gom, ti ch, x l cht thi; e) Bo co hin trng mi trng cp tnh, bo co tnh hnh tc ng mi trng ca ngnh, lnh vc v bo co mi trng quc gia. 2. Hnh thc cng khai phi bo m thun tin cho nhng i tng c lin quan tip nhn thng tin. 3. C quan cng khai thng tin v mi trng chu trch nhim trc php lut v tnh chnh xc, trung thc, khch quan ca thng tin c cng khai. iu 105. Thc hin dn ch c s v bo v mi trng 1. T chc, c nhn qun l khu sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v tp trung; ch c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v; c quan chuyn mn, cn b ph trch v bo v mi trng c trch nhim cng khai vi nhn dn, ngi lao ng ti c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v v tnh hnh mi trng, cc bin php phng nga, hn ch tc ng xu i vi mi trng v bin php khc phc nhim, suy thoi bng mt trong cc hnh thc sau y: a) T chc hp ph bin cho nhn dn, ngi lao ng; b) Thng bo, ph bin bng vn bn cho nhn dn, ngi lao ng c bit. 2. Trong cc trng hp sau y th phi t chc i thoi v mi trng: a) Theo yu cu ca bn c nhu cu i thoi; b) Theo yu cu ca c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng cc cp; c) Theo n th khiu ni, t co, khi kin ca t chc, c nhn lin quan. 3. Trch nhim gii trnh, i thoi v mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) Bn yu cu i thoi phi gi cho bn c yu cu i thoi cc vn cn gii thch hoc i thoi; b) Trong thi hn khng qu nm ngy lm vic k t ngy nhn c yu cu, bn nhn yu cu phi chun b cc ni dung tr li, gii thch, i thoi; c) Trng hp c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng yu cu t chc i thoi th cc bn c lin quan thc hin theo quy nh ca c quan yu cu. 4. Vic i thoi v mi trng c thc hin trn c s quy nh ca php lut v di s ch tr ca U ban nhn dn hoc c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng. 5. Kt qu i thoi phi c ghi thnh bin bn ghi nhn cc kin, tha thun, lm cn c cc bn c trch nhim lin quan thc hin hoc xem xt x l vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng, bi thng thit hi v mi trng.

CHNG XI NGUN LC BO V MI TRNG iu 106. Tuyn truyn v bo v mi trng 1. Php lut v bo v mi trng, gng ngi tt, vic tt v cc in hnh tt trong hot ng bo v mi trng phi c tuyn truyn, ph bin thng xuyn v rng ri.

2. Nh nc c cc gii thng, hnh thc khen thng v bo v mi trng cho t chc, c nhn c thnh tch xut sc trong hot ng bo v mi trng; t chc cc hnh thc tm hiu v bo v mi trng nhm nng cao nhn thc v thc bo v mi trng ca ngi dn. 3. Thc hin tt bo v mi trng l cn c xem xt cng nhn, phong tng cc danh hiu thi ua. 4. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch tr, phi hp vi cc c quan thng tin, tuyn truyn, bo ch cc ngnh, cc cp c trch nhim tuyn truyn v bo v mi trng. iu 107. Gio dc v mi trng v o to ngun nhn lc bo v mi trng 1. Cng dn Vit Nam c gio dc ton din v mi trng nhm nng cao hiu bit v thc bo v mi trng. 2. Gio dc v mi trng l mt ni dung ca chng trnh chnh kho ca cc cp hc ph thng. 3. Nh nc u tin o to ngun nhn lc bo v mi trng, khuyn khch mi t chc, c nhn tham gia o to ngun nhn lc bo v mi trng. 4. B Gio dc v o to ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch o, hng dn xy dng v thc hin chng trnh gio dc v mi trng v o to ngun nhn lc bo v mi trng. iu 108. Pht trin khoa hc, cng ngh v bo v mi trng 1. Nh nc u t nghin cu khoa hc v mi trng; pht trin, ng dng, chuyn giao cng ngh mi trng; khuyn khch t chc, c nhn pht huy sng kin v p dng cc gii php cng ngh trong bo v mi trng. 2. Nh nc c chnh sch u i chuyn giao cng ngh phc v gii quyt cc vn mi trng bc xc v x l cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng. 3. T chc, c nhn s hu cng ngh mi trng c quyn chuyn nhng, k kt hp ng dch v thc hin vic gim thiu v x l cht thi. 4. B Khoa hc v Cng ngh ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan ch o, hng dn thc hin pht trin khoa hc, cng ngh v bo v mi trng. iu 109. Pht trin cng nghip mi trng, xy dng nng lc d bo, cnh bo v mi trng 1. Nh nc u t v c chnh sch khuyn khch t chc, c nhn pht trin cng nghip mi trng. 2. Nh nc c trch nhim xy dng nng lc, trang b my mc, thit b d bo, cnh bo v thin tai, thi tit; khuyn khch mi t chc, c nhn tham gia hot ng d bo, cnh bo v thm ha mi trng nhm phng nga v hn ch tc ng xu ca thin tai v s c i vi mi trng. iu 110. Ngun ti chnh bo v mi trng 1. Ngun ti chnh bo v mi trng gm c: a) Ngn sch nh nc; b) Vn ca t chc, c nhn phng nga, hn ch tc ng xu i vi mi trng t hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v ca mnh;

c) Vn ca t chc, c nhn cho cc hot ng nghin cu khoa hc, pht trin cng ngh, cng nghip v dch v v mi trng; d) Tin bi thng thit hi v mi trng, thu mi trng, ph bo v mi trng, tin pht v mi trng v cc ngun thu khc theo quy nh ca php lut; ) ng gp, ti tr ca t chc, c nhn trong nc v ngoi nc; e) Vn vay u i v ti tr t qu bo v mi trng; g) Vn vay t ngn hng, t chc tn dng v cc t chc ti chnh khc theo quy nh ca php lut. 2. Ngn sch nh nc c mc chi thng xuyn cho s nghip mi trng ph hp vi yu cu bo v mi trng ca tng thi k; hng nm bo m t l tng chi ngn sch cho s nghip mi trng cao hn t l tng chi ngn sch nh nc. iu 111. Ngn sch nh nc v bo v mi trng 1. Ngn sch nh nc cho bo v mi trng c s dng vo cc mc ch sau y: a) u t pht trin kt cu h tng bo v mi trng cng cng; b) Chi thng xuyn cho s nghip mi trng. 2. S nghip mi trng bao gm cc hot ng sau y: a) Qun l h thng quan trc v phn tch mi trng; xy dng nng lc cnh bo, d bo thin tai v phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng; b) iu tra c bn v mi trng; thc hin cc chng trnh quan trc hin trng mi trng, cc tc ng i vi mi trng; c) iu tra, thng k cht thi, nh gi tnh hnh nhim, suy thoi v s c mi trng; xy dng nng lc ti ch cht thi, x l cht thi nguy hi, h tr hot ng ti ch, x l, chn lp cht thi; d) H tr x l cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng; ) Qun l cc cng trnh v sinh cng cng; trang b thit b, phng tin thu gom rc thi sinh hot, v sinh mi trng khu dn c, ni cng cng; e) Kin ton v nng cao nng lc ca h thng qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng; xy dng v pht trin h thng t chc s nghip bo v mi trng; g) iu tra, nghin cu, xy dng, th nghim, p dng cc tin b khoa hc, k thut, cng ngh v bo v mi trng; chin lc, quy hoch, k hoch, c ch, chnh sch, tiu chun, nh mc k thut, m hnh qun l v bo v mi trng; h) Phc v cng tc thanh tra, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng; i) Qun l h thng thng tin, c s d liu v mi trng; k) Tuyn truyn, ph bin, gio dc php lut v mi trng; o to, tp hun chuyn mn, qun l v bo v mi trng; l) Tng gii thng, khen thng v bo v mi trng; m) Qun l ngn hng gen quc gia, c s chm sc, nui dng, nhn ging cc loi ng vt qu him b e do tuyt chng; n) Qun l cc khu bo tn thin nhin; o) Cc hot ng s nghip mi trng khc.

3. Hng nm, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c trch nhim tng hp kinh ph cho s nghip mi trng quy nh ti khon 2 iu ny ca b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v ca cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng v phi hp vi B Ti chnh, B K hoch v u t trnh Chnh ph. iu 112. Thu mi trng 1. T chc, h gia nh, c nhn sn xut, kinh doanh mt s loi sn phm gy tc ng xu lu di n mi trng v sc khe con ngi th phi np thu mi trng. 2. Chnh ph trnh Quc hi quyt nh danh mc, thu sut i vi cc sn phm, loi hnh sn xut, kinh doanh phi chu thu mi trng. iu 113. Ph bo v mi trng 1. T chc, c nhn x thi ra mi trng hoc c hot ng lm pht sinh ngun tc ng xu i vi mi trng phi np ph bo v mi trng. 2. Mc ph bo v mi trng c quy nh trn c s sau y: a) Khi lng cht thi ra mi trng, quy m nh hng tc ng xu i vi mi trng; b) Mc c hi ca cht thi, mc gy hi i vi mi trng; c) Sc chu ti ca mi trng tip nhn cht thi. 3. Mc ph bo v mi trng c iu chnh theo l trnh ph hp vi iu kin kinh t - x hi v yu cu bo v mi trng ca tng giai on pht trin ca t nc. 4. Ton b ngun thu t ph bo v mi trng c s dng u t trc tip cho vic bo v mi trng. 5. B Ti chnh ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng xy dng, trnh Chnh ph quy nh cc loi ph bo v mi trng. iu 114. K qu ci to, phc hi mi trng trong hot ng khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin 1. T chc, c nhn khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin phi thc hin k qu ci to, phc hi mi trng theo cc quy nh sau y: a) Trc khi khai thc phi thc hin vic k qu ti t chc tn dng trong nc hoc qu bo v mi trng ca a phng ni c khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin; mc k qu ph thuc vo quy m khai thc, tc ng xu i vi mi trng, chi ph cn thit ci to, phc hi mi trng sau khai thc; b) T chc, c nhn k qu c hng li sut pht sinh, c nhn li s tin k qu sau khi hon thnh ci to, phc hi mi trng; c) T chc, c nhn khng thc hin ngha v ci to, phc hi mi trng hoc thc hin khng t yu cu th ton b hoc mt phn s tin k qu c s dng ci to, phc hi mi trng ni t chc, c nhn khai thc. 2. Th tng Chnh ph quy nh c th mc k qu ci to, phc hi mi trng i vi tng loi hnh ti nguyn v vic t chc thc hin quy nh ti iu ny. iu 115. Qu bo v mi trng 1. Qu bo v mi trng l t chc ti chnh c thnh lp trung ng, ngnh, lnh vc, a phng h tr hot ng bo v mi trng.

Nh nc khuyn khch doanh nghip, t chc, c nhn khc thnh lp qu bo v mi trng. 2. Vn hot ng ca qu bo v mi trng quc gia, qu bo v mi trng ca ngnh, lnh vc, a phng c hnh thnh t cc ngun sau y: a) Ngn sch nh nc; b) Ph bo v mi trng; c) Cc khon bi thng thit hi v mi trng i vi Nh nc; d) Tin pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v mi trng; ) Cc khon h tr, ng gp, u thc u t ca t chc, c nhn trong v ngoi nc. 3. Thm quyn thnh lp qu bo v mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) Th tng Chnh ph quy nh vic t chc v hot ng ca qu bo v mi trng quc gia, qu bo v mi trng ca cc b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph, tng cng ty nh nc; b) U ban nhn dn cp tnh quyt nh vic thnh lp, t chc v hot ng ca qu bo v mi trng a phng; c) T chc, c nhn thnh lp qu bo v mi trng ca mnh v hot ng theo iu l ca qu. iu 116. Pht trin dch v bo v mi trng 1. Nh nc khuyn khch t chc, c nhn thnh lp doanh nghip dch v gi gn v sinh mi trng thc hin cc hot ng dch v gi gn v sinh, bo v mi trng thng qua hnh thc u thu trong cc lnh vc sau y: a) Thu gom, ti ch, x l cht thi; b) Quan trc, phn tch mi trng, nh gi tc ng mi trng; c) Pht trin, chuyn giao cng ngh sn xut thn thin vi mi trng, cng ngh mi trng; d) T vn, o to, cung cp thng tin v mi trng; ) Gim nh v mi trng i vi my mc, thit b, cng ngh; gim nh thit hi v mi trng; e) Cc dch v khc v bo v mi trng. 2. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi hp vi cc b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh hng dn trin khai thc hin quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny. iu 117. Chnh sch u i, h tr hot ng bo v mi trng 1. Nh nc u i, h tr v t ai i vi hot ng bo v mi trng sau y: a) Xy dng h thng x l nc thi sinh hot tp trung; b) Xy dng c s ti ch, x l cht thi rn thng thng, cht thi nguy hi, khu chn lp cht thi; c) Xy dng trm quan trc mi trng; d) Di di c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng; ) Xy dng c s cng nghip mi trng v cng trnh bo v mi trng khc phc v li ch cng v bo v mi trng. 2. Chnh sch min, gim thu, ph i vi cc hot ng bo v mi trng c quy nh nh sau:

a) Hot ng ti ch, x l, chn lp cht thi; sn xut nng lng sch, nng lng ti to c min hoc gim thu doanh thu, thu gi tr gia tng, thu mi trng, ph bo v mi trng; b) My mc, thit b, phng tin, dng c nhp khu c s dng trc tip trong vic thu gom, lu gi, vn chuyn, ti ch, x l cht thi; quan trc v phn tch mi trng; sn xut nng lng sch, nng lng ti to c min thu nhp khu; c) Cc sn phm ti ch t cht thi, nng lng thu c t vic tiu hu cht thi, cc sn phm thay th nguyn liu t nhin c li cho mi trng c Nh nc tr gi. 3. T chc, c nhn u t bo v mi trng c u tin vay vn t cc qu bo v mi trng; trng hp vay vn ti cc t chc tn dng khc u t bo v mi trng th c xem xt h tr li sut sau u t hoc bo lnh tn dng u t theo iu l ca qu bo v mi trng. 4. Chng trnh, d n bo v mi trng trng im ca Nh nc cn s dng vn ln c u tin xem xt cho s dng vn h tr pht trin chnh thc. 5. Chnh ph quy nh c th cc chnh sch u i i vi hot ng bo v mi trng. CHNG XII HP TC QUC T V BO V MI TRNG iu 118. Thc hin iu c quc t v mi trng 1. iu c quc t c li cho vic bo v mi trng ton cu, mi trng khu vc v mi trng trong nc c u tin xem xt k kt hoc gia nhp. 2. iu c quc t v mi trng m Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l thnh vin phi c thc hin y . iu 119. Bo v mi trng trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t v ton cu ho 1. Nh nc khuyn khch t chc, c nhn ch ng p ng yu cu v mi trng nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca hng ha, dch v trn th trng khu vc v quc t. 2. Chnh ph ch o t chc nh gi, d bo, lp k hoch phng nga v hn ch tc ng xu i vi mi trng trong nc trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t v ton cu ho. 3. Trong trng hp cn thit, Nh nc p dng cc bin php i x quc gia ph hp vi thng l quc t bo v mi trng trong nc. iu 120. M rng hp tc quc t v bo v mi trng 1. Nh nc khuyn khch t chc, c nhn hp tc vi t chc, c nhn nc ngoi, ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi nhm nng cao nng lc v hiu qu cng tc bo v mi trng trong nc; nng cao v tr, vai tr ca Vit Nam v bo v mi trng trong khu vc v quc t. 2. Nh nc khuyn khch, to iu kin thun li cho t chc, c nhn nc ngoi, ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi u t, h tr hot ng o to ngun nhn lc, nghin cu khoa hc, chuyn giao cng ngh, bo tn thin nhin v cc hot ng khc trong lnh vc bo v mi trng. 3. Chnh ph ch o, hng dn vic pht trin v s dng hp l, c hiu qu cc ngun lc hp tc quc t v bo v mi trng. 4. Nh nc Vit Nam y mnh hp tc vi cc nc lng ging v khu vc gii quyt cc vn qun l, khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin v bo v mi trng c lin quan.

CHNG XIII TRCH NHIM CA C QUAN QUN L NH NC, MT TRN T QUC VIT NAM V CC T CHC THNH VIN V BO V MI TRNG iu 121. Trch nhim qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng ca Chnh ph, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph 1. Chnh ph thng nht qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng trong phm vi c nc. 2. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng chu trch nhim trc Chnh ph trong vic thc hin qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng v c trch nhim sau y: a) Trnh Chnh ph hoc ban hnh theo thm quyn cc vn bn quy phm php lut v bo v mi trng; b) Trnh Chnh ph quyt nh chnh sch, chin lc, k hoch quc gia v bo v mi trng; c) Ch tr gii quyt hoc xut Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh ph gii quyt cc vn mi trng lin ngnh, lin tnh; d) Xy dng, ban hnh h thng tiu chun mi trng theo quy nh ca Chnh ph; ) Ch o xy dng, qun l h thng quan trc mi trng quc gia v qun l thng nht s liu quan trc mi trng; e) Ch o, t chc nh gi hin trng mi trng c nc phc v cho vic ra cc ch trng, gii php v bo v mi trng; g) Qun l thng nht hot ng thm nh, ph duyt bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc, bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, ng k bn cam kt bo v mi trng trong phm vi c nc; t chc thm nh bo co nh gi mi trng chin lc; t chc thm nh, ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng thuc thm quyn; hng dn vic ng k c s, sn phm thn thin vi mi trng v cp giy chng nhn t tiu chun mi trng; h) Hng dn, kim tra, thanh tra v x l vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng; gii quyt tranh chp, khiu ni, t co, kin ngh lin quan n bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v khiu ni, t co v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan; i) Trnh Chnh ph tham gia t chc quc t, k kt hoc gia nhp iu c quc t v mi trng; ch tr cc hot ng hp tc quc t v bo v mi trng vi cc nc, cc t chc quc t; k) Ch o, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng ca U ban nhn dn cc cp; l) Bo m yu cu bo v mi trng trong quy hoch, k hoch s dng t ca c nc, chin lc quc gia v ti nguyn nc v quy hoch tng hp lu vc sng lin tnh; chin lc tng th quc gia v iu tra c bn, thm d, khai thc, ch bin ti nguyn khong sn. 3. B K hoch v u t c trch nhim ch tr phi hp vi b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph v U ban nhn dn cp tnh bo m yu cu bo v mi trng trong chin lc, quy hoch tng th v k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca c nc, vng v d n, cng trnh quan trng thuc thm quyn quyt nh ca Quc hi, Chnh ph, Th tng Chnh ph. 4. B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn c trch nhim ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan i vi sn xut, nhp khu, s dng ha cht, thuc bo v thc vt, phn bn,

cht thi trong nng nghip; i vi qun l ging cy trng, ging vt nui bin i gen v sn phm ca chng; i vi cc h thng iu, thy li, khu bo tn rng v nc sch phc v cho sinh hot nng thn. 5. B Cng nghip c trch nhim ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan i vi lnh vc cng nghip; x l cc c s cng nghip gy nhim mi trng nghim trng thuc thm quyn qun l; ch o pht trin ngnh cng nghip mi trng. 6. B Thy sn c trch nhim ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan i vi lnh vc hot ng nui trng, khai thc, ch bin thy sn; sinh vt thy sn bin i gen v sn phm ca chng; cc khu bo tn bin. 7. B Xy dng c trch nhim ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan i vi cc hot ng xy dng kt cu h tng cp nc, thot nc, x l cht thi rn v nc thi ti th, khu sn xut dch v tp trung, c s sn xut vt liu xy dng, lng ngh v khu dn c nng thn tp trung. 8. B Giao thng vn ti c trch nhim ch tr phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c lin quan v U ban nhn dn cp tnh ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan i vi hot ng xy dng kt cu h tng giao thng v hot ng giao thng vn ti. 9. B Y t ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic qun l cht thi y t; cng tc bo v mi trng trong cc c s y t, v sinh an ton thc phm v hot ng mai tng. 10. B Quc phng, B Cng an c trch nhim huy ng lc lng ng ph, khc phc s c mi trng; ch o, hng dn, kim tra, thanh tra cng tc bo v mi trng trong lc lng v trang thuc thm quyn qun l. 11. Cc b khc, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph c trch nhim thc hin cc nhim v c quy nh c th ti Lut ny v phi hp vi B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch o, hng dn, kim tra vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng thuc phm vi qun l ca mnh. iu 122. Trch nhim qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng ca U ban nhn dn cc cp 1. U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim thc hin qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng ti a phng theo quy nh sau y: a) Ban hnh theo thm quyn quy nh, c ch, chnh sch, chng trnh, k hoch v bo v mi trng; b) Ch o, t chc thc hin chin lc, chng trnh, k hoch v nhim v v bo v mi trng; c) Ch o xy dng, qun l h thng quan trc mi trng ca a phng; d) Ch o nh k t chc nh gi hin trng mi trng; ) T chc thm nh, ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng thuc thm quyn; e) Tuyn truyn, gio dc php lut v bo v mi trng; g) Ch o cng tc kim tra, thanh tra, x l vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng; gii quyt tranh chp, khiu ni, t co, kin ngh v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v khiu ni, t co v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan; phi hp vi U ban nhn dn cp tnh lin quan gii quyt cc vn mi trng lin tnh.

2. U ban nhn dn cp huyn c trch nhim thc hin qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng ti a phng theo quy nh sau y: a) Ban hnh theo thm quyn quy nh, c ch, chnh sch, chng trnh, k hoch v bo v mi trng; b) Ch o, t chc thc hin chin lc, chng trnh, k hoch v nhim v v bo v mi trng; c) T chc ng k v kim tra vic thc hin cam kt bo v mi trng; d) Tuyn truyn, gio dc php lut v bo v mi trng; ) Ch o cng tc kim tra, thanh tra, x l vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng; gii quyt tranh chp, khiu ni, t co, kin ngh v bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v khiu ni, t co v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan; e) phi hp vi U ban nhn dn cp huyn c lin quan gii quyt cc vn mi trng lin huyn; g) Thc hin cc nhim v qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng theo u quyn ca c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng cp tnh; h) Ch o cng tc qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng ca U ban nhn dn cp x. 3. U ban nhn dn cp x c trch nhim thc hin qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng ti a phng theo quy nh sau y: a) Ch o, xy dng k hoch v t chc thc hin nhim v bo v mi trng, gi gn v sinh mi trng trn a bn, khu dn c thuc phm vi qun l ca mnh; t chc vn ng nhn dn xy dng ni dung bo v mi trng trong hng c ca cng ng dn c; hng dn vic a tiu ch v bo v mi trng vo trong vic nh gi thn, lng, p, bn, bun, phum, sc v gia nh vn ha; b) Kim tra vic chp hnh php lut v bo v mi trng ca h gia nh, c nhn; c) Pht hin v x l theo thm quyn cc vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng hoc bo co c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng cp trn trc tip; d) Ho gii cc tranh chp v mi trng pht sinh trn a bn theo quy nh ca php lut v ho gii; ) Qun l hot ng ca thn, lng, p, bn, bun, phum, sc, t dn ph v t chc t qun v gi gn v sinh mi trng, bo v mi trng trn a bn. iu 123. C quan chuyn mn, cn b ph trch v bo v mi trng 1. B, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph phi c t chc hoc b phn chuyn mn v bo v mi trng ph hp vi nhim v bo v mi trng thuc ngnh, lnh vc c giao qun l. 2. Tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng, huyn, qun, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh phi c t chc hoc b phn chuyn mn v bo v mi trng gip U ban nhn dn cng cp v qun l mi trng trn a bn. 3. U ban nhn dn cp x b tr cn b ph trch v bo v mi trng. 4. Cc tng cng ty nh nc, tp on kinh t, ban qun l khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, khu kinh t v c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c cht thi nguy hi hoc tim n nguy c xy ra s c mi trng phi c b phn chuyn mn hoc cn b ph trch v bo v mi trng. 5. Chnh ph quy nh v t chc v hot ng ca c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng quy nh ti khon 1 v khon 2 iu ny. iu 124. Trch nhim ca Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin

1. Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin trong phm vi nhim v, quyn hn ca mnh c trch nhim tuyn truyn, vn ng cc thnh vin ca t chc v nhn dn tham gia bo v mi trng; gim st vic thc hin php lut v bo v mi trng. 2. C quan qun l nh nc cc cp c trch nhim to iu kin Mt trn T quc Vit Nam v cc t chc thnh vin tham gia bo v mi trng. CHNG XIV THANH TRA, X L VI PHM, GII QUYT KHIU NI, T CO V BI THNG THIT HI V MI TRNG MC 1 T H AN H T R A , X L V I P H M , G I I Q U Y T K H I U N I , T C O V M I T R N G iu 125. Thanh tra bo v mi trng 1. Thanh tra bo v mi trng l thanh tra chuyn ngnh bo v mi trng. Thanh tra bo v mi trng c ng phc v ph hiu ring, c thit b v phng tin cn thit thc hin nhim v. 2. Thm quyn, nhim v ca thanh tra bo v mi trng c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v thanh tra. 3. Chnh ph quy nh c th v t chc v hot ng ca thanh tra bo v mi trng. iu 126. Trch nhim thc hin kim tra, thanh tra bo v mi trng 1. Trch nhim thc hin kim tra, thanh tra bo v mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) B trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Ch tch U ban nhn dn cp tnh c trch nhim kim tra v ra quyt nh thanh tra hot ng bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut v thanh tra; b) Thanh tra bo v mi trng thuc B Ti nguyn v Mi trng kim tra, thanh tra vic thc hin bo v mi trng ca c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v thuc thm quyn ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, b, c quan ngang b, c quan thuc Chnh ph; phi hp vi thanh tra chuyn ngnh bo v mi trng ca B Quc phng v B Cng an kim tra, thanh tra vic bo v mi trng ca cc n v trc thuc; c) Thanh tra bo v mi trng cp tnh kim tra, thanh tra vic thc hin bo v mi trng ca t chc kinh t, n v s nghip trn a bn i vi cc d n thuc thm quyn ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng ca U ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc trung ng v cc d n thuc thm quyn kim tra, thanh tra ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng trong trng hp c du hiu vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng; d) U ban nhn dn cp huyn kim tra, thanh tra vic thc hin bo v mi trng ca c quan hnh chnh, n v s nghip, tr cc n v s nghip quy nh ti im c khon ny v ca cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v quy m nh; ) y ban nhn dn cp x kim tra vic bo v mi trng ca h gia nh, c nhn. Trng hp cn thit, thanh tra bo v mi trng cc cp, U ban nhn dn cp huyn c trch nhim gip , phi hp vi U ban nhn dn cp x kim tra, thanh tra v bo v mi trng i vi t chc, c nhn c vi phm nghim trng php lut v bo v mi trng.

2. C quan qun l nh nc cc cp, c quan chuyn mn hu quan c trch nhim gip , phi hp vi thanh tra bo v mi trng trong qu trnh thanh tra, kim tra vic thc hin bo v mi trng trong trng hp c yu cu. 3. S ln kim tra, thanh tra v bo v mi trng nhiu nht l hai ln trong nm i vi mt c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v, tr trng hp c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v b t co l vi phm hoc c du hiu vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng. iu 127. X l vi phm 1. Ngi vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng th tu tnh cht, mc vi phm m b x pht vi phm hnh chnh hoc b truy cu trch nhim hnh s; nu gy nhim, suy thoi, s c mi trng, gy thit hi cho t chc, c nhn khc th cn phi khc phc nhim, phc hi mi trng, bi thng thit hi theo quy nh ca Lut ny v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 2. Ngi ng u t chc, cn b, cng chc li dng chc v, quyn hn gy phin h, nhng nhiu cho t chc, cng dn, bao che cho ngi vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng hoc thiu trch nhim xy ra nhim, s c mi trng nghim trng th tu tnh cht, mc vi phm m b x l k lut hoc b truy cu trch nhim hnh s; trng hp gy thit hi th cn phi bi thng theo quy nh ca php lut. iu 128. Khiu ni, t co, khi kin v mi trng 1. T chc, c nhn c quyn khiu ni vi c quan nh nc c thm quyn hoc khi kin ti To n v hnh vi vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng, xm phm quyn, li ch hp php ca mnh. 2. Cng dn c quyn t co vi c quan, ngi c thm quyn i vi cc hnh vi vi phm php lut v bo v mi trng sau y: a) Gy nhim, suy thoi, s c mi trng; b) Xm phm quyn, li ch ca Nh nc, cng ng dn c, t chc, gia nh v c nhn. 3. C quan nh nc, ngi c thm quyn nhn c n khiu ni, t co c trch nhim xem xt, gii quyt theo quy nh ca php lut v khiu ni, t co v quy nh ca Lut ny. iu 129. Tranh chp v mi trng 1. Ni dung tranh chp v mi trng bao gm: a) Tranh chp v quyn, trch nhim bo v mi trng trong khai thc, s dng thnh phn mi trng; b) Tranh chp v vic xc nh nguyn nhn gy ra nhim, suy thoi, s c mi trng; v trch nhim x l, khc phc hu qu, bi thng thit hi do nhim, suy thoi, s c mi trng gy ra. 2. Cc bn tranh chp v mi trng bao gm: a) T chc, c nhn s dng thnh phn mi trng c tranh chp vi nhau; b) Gia t chc, c nhn khai thc, s dng cc thnh phn mi trng v t chc, c nhn c trch nhim ci to, phc hi khu vc mi trng b nhim, suy thoi, bi thng thit hi v mi trng. 3. Vic gii quyt tranh chp v mi trng c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v gii quyt tranh chp dn s ngoi hp ng v cc quy nh khc ca php lut c lin quan. 4. Tranh chp v mi trng trn lnh th Vit Nam m mt hoc cc bn l t chc, c nhn nc ngoi c gii quyt theo php lut Vit Nam; tr trng hp c quy nh khc trong iu c quc t m Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam l thnh vin.

MC 2 B I T H N G T H I T H I D O N H I M , S U Y T H O I M I T R N G iu 130. Thit hi do nhim, suy thoi mi trng Thit hi do nhim, suy thoi mi trng bao gm: 1. Suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch ca mi trng; 2. Thit hi v sc kho, tnh mng ca con ngi, ti sn v li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn do hu qu ca vic suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch ca mi trng gy ra. iu 131. Xc nh thit hi do nhim, suy thoi mi trng 1. S suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch ca mi trng gm cc mc sau y: a) C suy gim; b) Suy gim nghim trng; c) Suy gim c bit nghim trng. 2. Vic xc nh phm vi, gii hn mi trng b suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch gm c: a) Xc nh gii hn, din tch ca khu vc, vng li b suy gim nghim trng v c bit nghim trng; b) Xc nh gii hn, din tch vng m trc tip b suy gim; c) Xc nh gii hn, din tch cc vng khc b nh hng t vng li v vng m. 3. Vic xc nh cc thnh phn mi trng b suy gim gm c: a) Xc nh s lng thnh phn mi trng b suy gim, loi hnh h sinh thi, ging loi b thit hi; b) Mc thit hi ca tng thnh phn mi trng, h sinh thi, ging loi. 4. Vic tnh ton chi ph thit hi v mi trng c quy nh nh sau: a) Tnh ton chi ph thit hi trc mt v lu di do s suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch ca cc thnh phn mi trng; b) Tnh ton chi ph x l, ci to, phc hi mi trng; c) Tnh ton chi ph gim thiu hoc trit tiu ngun gy thit hi; d) Thm d kin cc i tng lin quan; ) Tu iu kin c th c th p dng mt trong nhng bin php quy nh ti cc im a, b, c v d khon ny tnh ton chi ph thit hi v mi trng, lm cn c bi thng v gii quyt bi thng thit hi v mi trng. 5. Vic xc nh thit hi do suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch ca mi trng c tin hnh c lp hoc c s phi hp gia bn gy thit hi v bn b thit hi. Trng hp mi bn hoc cc bn c yu cu th c quan chuyn mn v bo v mi trng c trch nhim tham gia hng dn cch tnh ton, xc nh thit hi hoc chng kin vic xc nh thit hi. 6. Vic xc nh thit hi v sc kho, tnh mng ca con ngi, ti sn v li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn do gy nhim, suy thoi mi trng c thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut. 7. Chnh ph hng dn vic xc nh thit hi do nhim, suy thoi mi trng.

iu 132. Gim nh thit hi do suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch ca mi trng 1. Gim nh thit hi do suy gim chc nng, tnh hu ch ca mi trng c thc hin theo yu cu ca t chc, c nhn b thit hi hoc c quan gii quyt vic bi thng thit hi v mi trng. 2. Cn c gim nh thit hi l h s i bi thng thit hi, cc thng tin, s liu, chng c v cc cn c khc lin quan n bi thng thit hi v i tng gy thit hi. 3. Vic la chn c quan gim nh thit hi phi c s ng thun ca bn i bi thng v bn phi bi thng; trng hp cc bn khng thng nht th vic chn t chc gim nh thit hi do c quan c giao trch nhim gii quyt vic bi thng thit hi quyt nh. iu 133. Gii quyt bi thng thit hi v mi trng Vic gii quyt bi thng thit hi v mi trng c quy nh nh sau: 1. T tho thun ca cc bn; 2. Yu cu trng ti gii quyt; 3. Khi kin ti To n. iu 134. Bo him trch nhim bi thng thit hi v mi trng 1. Nh nc khuyn khch cc doanh nghip kinh doanh bo him thc hin hot ng bo him i vi trch nhim bi thng thit hi v mi trng. 2. Nh nc khuyn khch t chc, c nhn hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v mua bo him trch nhim bi thng thit hi v mi trng. 3. T chc, c nhn c hot ng tim n nguy c gy thit hi ln cho mi trng th phi mua bo him trch nhim bi thng thit hi v mi trng. CHNG XV IU KHON THI HNH iu 135. Hiu lc thi hnh Lut ny c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 7 nm 2006. Lut ny thay th Lut bo v mi trng nm 1993. iu 136. Hng dn thi hnh Chnh ph quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh Lut ny. Lut ny c Quc hi nc Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam kho XI, k hp th 8 thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005.

Kim tra vic Vedan khc phc hu qu nhim sng Th Vi

Xem tin gc Chinhphu.vn - 22 thng trc 244 lt xem 2 tin ng li

(Chinhphu.vn) - Hm nay (28/1), B trng Phm Khi Nguyn dn u on cng tc ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cng lnh o cc tnh B Ra - Vng Tu, ng Nai, TP. H Ch Minh kim tra cng tc khc phc hu qu gy nhim mi trng trn sng Th Vi ca Cng ty Vedan.
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Theo Cng ty C phn hu hn Vedan, Cng ty u t cc hng mc cng trnh khc phc nhim mi trng vi chi ph u t khong 33,1 triu USD, lp mi mt h thng thit b c c dch thi ln men TVR, u t xy dng mi 2 h thng x l nc thi cng sut 2500m3/ngy, xy mi mt h thng x l nc thi sinh hot cng sut 300m3/ngy; ci thin khu vc gom cht thi rn; lp mi lu lng k o lu lng dung dch CMS xut khu, lp mi lu lng k o lu lng nc gii nhit m bo x l dch thi ln men trc khi hon tr ngun nc. T thng 9/2008, Vedan ngng 100% hot ng sn xut ca cc nh my tinh bt m ti, nh my lysine, nh my pht in Gim cng sut 40% - 60% i vi cc nh my cn li nh bt ngt, tinh bt bin i, xt acid, phn bn hu c. B trng Phm Khi Nguyn cho bit: n nay, v c bn, Vedan chp hnh ng tin vic np pht, khc phc hu qu. Ngi dn sng quanh khu vc nh my c th yn tm v cht lng ngun nc. Sau hn 1 nm khc phc, nc sng Th Vi c nhiu chuyn bin, nng xy ha tan trong nc m bo tiu chun cho php. Cc thng s l ha ca nc v trm tch khc m bo tiu chun cho php i vi nc mt s dng cho mc ch bo v thy sinh, khng cn cc on sng nhim nghim trng nh trc y. Theo B trng Phm Khi Nguyn, nhng sai phm gy nhim mi trng ca Vedan s c gii quyt trit , khng tnh trng lm lng chng. Vedan phi khn trng trong vic n b thit hi cho ngi dn, nhng ngi phi chu thit thi nhiu nht do b nh hng v sc khe, i sng. V vic n b cho ngi dn, cc tnh b nh hng nhiu nht ang hon thin bo co thit hi. Theo Ph Ch tch UBND tnh B Ra Vng Tu Trn Ngc Thi, tnh t chc Ban ch o thng k, nh gi kt qu thit hi do Vedan gy ra cho ngi dn. Trong thi gian ti tnh s c s liu chnh thc gi ln B v cc c quan c thm quyn. ng Thi cng cho rng, ngi dn ang trng ch vo vic bi thng thit hi tip tc sn xut. Vedan cn a ra thi gian c th v thc hin theo hnh thc h s hon thin n u, n b n . Theo B trng Phm Khi Nguyn, sp ti, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng s y mnh cng tc thanh, kim tra cc nh my s ch khoai m (sn) ca Vedan ti cc tnh.

Gii php khc phc nhim mi trng ti cc cm cng nghip trn a bn tnh

S hnh thnh v pht trin cc cm cng nghip trn a bn tnh Hi Dng nhng nm qua gp phn tch cc trong vic thc y pht trin sn xut kinh doanh, ng gp ng k vo qu trnh tng trng kinh t. Tuy nhin, hin trng

mi trng ti cc cm cng nghip v khu vc ph cn hin nay ang c nhng du hiu ng lo ngi.

Kt qu kho st trong thng 8/2010 cho thy, tnh trng nhim mi trng, nht l nhim mi trng nc ang din ra ht sc phc tp. Dc theo tuyn knh thuc h thng Bc Hng Hi t Thch Khi n Gia Lc (khu vc lin quan trc tip n Cm cng nghip Thch Khi - Gia Xuyn) cng nh knh thot nc pha sau Cm cng nghip An ng (Nam Sch) hay Cm cng nghip ven ng 20 (Bnh Giang)... tnh trng nhim ngun nc thc s ng bo ng. Ton b lng nc trong knh c mu en c, c t im thm vi cc mng bt v cn trng dy c pha trn b mt, bc mi x u.

Thc trng nhim ny xut pht t nhiu nguyn nhn khch quan v ch quan khc nhau. Tuy nhin mt nguyn nhn kh quan trng l hin nay, hu ht cc cm cng nghip cha c u t xy dng c s h tng, trong quan trng nht l h thng giao thng v khu x l nc thi tp trung. Trong tng s 37 cm cng nghip hin nay, c ti 36 cm cha c ch u t xy dng c s h tng v do , h thng giao thng trong cm cng nh khu x l nc thi tp trung u cha c xy dng. Thc t ny dn n vic cc d n sn xut kinh doanh u t vo cc cm cng nghip ch yu bm mt ng giao thng cng cng pha ngoi cm v trong qu trnh xy dng nh my cng nh qu trnh hot ng sn xut kinh doanh u pht thi tiu cc n mi trng.

Khc phc nhng hn ch ny, ng ngha vi vic phi u t ng b h thng giao thng, h thng x l nc th tp trung. y s l nhim v rt kh thc hin, nht l vi cc cm ang c nhiu d n hot ng v: ngun vn h tr u t t ngn sch nh nc cn hn ch; vic yu cu cc nh u t ang trin khai d n trong cm ng gp kinh ph xy dng c s h tng theo cam kt gp nhiu kh khn do cha c c ch c th, thiu phng n kh thi. Bn cnh , vic ku gi cc nh u t kinh doanh h tng cm cng nghip vo u t kinh doanh cng gp nhiu tr ngi bi l hu ht cc nh u t u cha mn m vi vic kinh doanh h tng cm cng nghip do quy m cm cng nghip thng c din tch nh v v tr km thun li v giao thng. i vi cc cm c t l lp y cao th dng nh rt kh thu ht c nh u t c s h tng do sut u t qu cao trong khi hiu qu sinh li thp...

Nh vy, s pht sinh nhng h ly tiu cc, mt "vng lun qun" ca s pht trin thiu bn vng. Khi cng nhiu nh u t d n vo cc cm cng nghip th tnh trng nhim s cng cao v cng kh khc phc hu qu nhim t tn gc do khng thu ht c cc nh u t kinh doanh h tng cm cng nghip.

khc phc tnh trng trn, tin ti m bo hot ng ca cc cm cng nghip trn a bn tnh t hiu qu cao, khng tn hi n mi trng sng; trc mt cn gii quyt tt mt s vic bc thit sau:

Th nht, tp trung x l, u t dt im nhng c s vt cht ti thiu (cc tuyn giao thng chnh v khu vc x l nc thi tp trung) ti mi cm cng nghip v ang hot ng, trong u tin lm trc i vi cc cm c t l lp y cao hn ch n mc thp nht tc ng tiu cc n mi trng ca cc doanh nghip trong cm cng nghip ny. ng thi tng cng cng tc thanh tra, kim tra vic chp hnh nhng quy nh v bo v mi trng ca cc doanh nghip u t trong cm cng nghip; kp thi pht hin v x l nghim cc hnh vi vi phm, nht l vic x thi cha qua x l ra mi trng xung quanh.

Th hai, y mnh tuyn truyn v c c ch chnh sch u i, khuyn khch, thu ht cc nh u t kinh doanh h tng ti cc cm cng nghip c ph duyt quy hoch chi tit, nht l cc cm cha c d n u t hoc c t d n u t. Cn hon thin h thng ng giao thng trong cm, hon chnh khu x l nc thi tp trung trc khi chp thun cc nh u t th cp vo u t d n sn xut kinh doanh trong cm cng nghip.

Th ba, tch cc ph bin, trin khai thc hin nghim cc quy nh ca Quy ch qun l cm cng nghip c ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 105/2009/Q-TTg ngy 19/8/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph; nht l quy nh v thnh lp

mi cc cm cng nghip, theo ch thnh lp mi cc cm cng nghip khi xc nh r ch u t c s h tng.

Th t, cc ngnh chc nng ca tnh cn sm tham mu vi UBND tnh ban hnh quy ch phi hp qun l cc cm cng nghip; tin hnh r sot quy hoch cc cm cng nghip v xy dng chnh sch thu ht u t c s h tng, nht l u t x l mi trng ca cc cm cng nghip trn a bn tnh.

Vi quyt tm cao ca cc cp chnh quyn cng cng ng doanh nghip trong tnh, chc rng qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin cc cm cng nghip trn a bn s ng gp tch cc cho tng trng v pht trin kinh t ca Hi Dng; m bo mc tiu pht trin bn vng trong tng lai./.

n l nhim v cht thi nguy hi

Cng vic qun l mi trng ca Ngn hng Th gii bao gm vic phn tch trong phm vi rng v u t c gii hn v tr gip k thut v qun l nhim thng qua vin tr khng hon li v cc khon cho vay. Cng Tc Phn Tch nhim cng nghip: nhim khng kh v ngun nc t ngun cng nghip v cht thi nguy him gy ra ri ro v sc khe con ngi cng nh nhng tc ng tiu cc ti h sinh thi, bao gm c mi trng thnh th v nng thn. Mc tiu ca cc hot ng phn tch ca Ngn hng Th gii v lnh vc ny l tm hiu r hn nhng vn ny v gip pht trin cc cng c hu hiu cho vic ngn nga v qun l nhim. Quan h i tc v mi trng gia Ngn hng Th gii v Hn Quc: Trong quan h i tc ny, bn bo co u tin ny v qun l nc thi cng nghip ti lu vc sng Nhu - y v sng ng Nai va c hon thnh gn y trong nm 2009. Mc tiu ca hot ng nghin cu ny l cung cp:

i) kim k cc c s cng nghip hin ti nm trong lu vc hai h thng sng trn (Nhu-y v ng Nai) v ii) cung cp bn nh gi chi tit v hin trng v cc cch tip cn tim tng ci thin vic qun l nc thi ti cc c s cng nghip, cc ngnh cng nghip gy nhim ln v cc lng ngh ti cc tnh nhim nng n nht ca lu vc sng Nhu y ti Vit Nam. Bo co cui cng s c a ln trang Web ny khi hon thnh. Bo co v tc ng nhim ca khu vc sn xut: Mt bo co vi tiu nh gi v phn tch tc ng nhim t khu vc sn xut ca Vit Nam c pht hng thng 6 nm 2008.

Bn bo co nu bt nhng thch thc ch yu v qun l mi trng trong qu trnh th ha v cng nghip ha ang din ra nhanh chng. Bn bo co cung cp phn tch ton din v chnh sch mi trng, khung quy nh v hiu qu ca vic thc hin cc gii php ny gii quyt cc thch thc ny. Bn bo co cng a ra cc bin php ci thin kt qu trn thc a. Bn bo kin ngh rng trong tng lai, chnh ph nn u tin can thip qun l nhim i vi khu vc cng nghip, lm r vai tr ca cc cc vin v trch nhim ca cc c quan chnh

ph lin quan n quy nh v nhim, tng cng gim st v thc thi cc bin php gim nhim cng nghip v hp l ha cc khon chi cho qun l v kim sot nhim. Qun l nhim pht trin cng nghip: Vin Kinh t v Thng mi Hn Quc v Trung tm Pht trin Mi trng v Cng ng ca Vit Nam bt u trin khai mt nghin cu t nm 2006. Mc tiu ca nghin cu ny l:
1. 2. 3.

nh gi hin trng nhim cng nghip ti Vit Nam D bo pht trin cng nghip v tnh hnh nhim i km ti nm 2015 a ra mt s nguyn tc v chin lc qun l nhim hiu qu da trn nhng kinh nghim tt nht ca Hn Quc v Trung Quc. Bo co ny ang c hon thnh.

Mi quan h gia ngho v mi trng (PEN): Giai on 1 ca nghin cu ny c trin khai t nm 2001 nhm tm hiu mc v tm quan trng ca quan h gia ngho v mi trng tiu vng sng M Kng v m rng i thoi gia Ngn hng Th gii v Vit Nam, Lo v Cmpuchia. o Bn tho u tin v mi quan h gia ngho v mi trng c ng nm 2006 kim tra by ch tiu chnh v mi trng cho mi tng quan ch yu cp tnh gia ngho v mi trng (vn cht ph rng, vng t yu, nhim khng kh trong nh v mt s trng hp tiu chy) o Nghin cu PEN th hai sau cp mt s vn cha c gii quyt trong bn tho nghin cu u tin. C th, nghin cu ny c ba mc tiu chnh sau: Nhn bit thm v chi tit thm PEN ba nc ny Kin ngh chnh sch can thip i vi cc mi quan h gia ngho v nhim c xc nh m bo mi lin h vi cc d n PEN ang c trin khai trong khu vc tiu vng M Kng. Bo co PEN ln hai ang c hon thin.

Tr Gip K Thut Kim sot nhim nc ti Vit Nam: Ci thin kh nng ca cc c quan chc nng v qun l v kim sot nhim nc c cp trong khon vin tr khng hon li tr gi 300,000 la M ca C quan Pht trin (IDF) do Cc Mi trng, B Ti nguyn Mi trng thc hin. Cc d n nhim khng kh nh hng n cht lng khng kh l rt r rng cc thnh ph ln. Nhng nguyn nhn chnh l s th ha nhanh chng, vic s dng rng ri than cho pht in v vic gia tng s lng xe gn my. Ngn hng Th gii cp n vn cht lng khng kh thng qua d n pht trin giao thng th H Ni. D n ny nhm: i) Nng cp nm trm quan trc cht lng khng kh ang b xung cp H Ni v dng thm ba trm na ii) Trin khai hai nghin cu v thng k ngun nhim khng kh di ng ( t, xe gn my) v tc ng i vi sc khe con ngi ca nhim khng kh. D n cng hy vng nng cao kh nng v qun l cht lng khng kh trong Phng Ti nguyn Mi

trng H Ni. nhim ngun nc mt v ngun nc ngm t h thng nc thi ni cng ang c khc phc thng qua mt s ln cc khon u t quan trng ca Ngn hng Th gii v khu vc th. Cc d n ny a thng tin trn trang Web ca Ngn hng Th gii v khu vc thi Vit Nam.

Cng nghip in Vit Nam - nhim mi trng v gii php

Ngoi vic tng cng i mi cng ngh, ngnh cng nghip in nc ta trong nhng nm qua c nhn pht trin rt mnh m v s lng c s sn xut cng nh quy m sn xut. ng thi vi s tng tr lng cht thi ca cc c s sn xut in cng ngy cng gia tng, nhng vic nh gi mc nhim ngun thi cng nghip ny v nghin cu a ra cc gii php k thut cng ngh x l n vn c c quan tm thch 1.t vn T khi nc ta c lut bo v mi trng, vn gim thiu nhim mi trng v x l cc ngun thi nhim ch l nhim v ca tng c nhn, tng c s sn xut m l ca cc cng ty, x nghip cng nghip trn to

B mn Cng ngh in, trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni cng rt quan tm n vn trn v c nhiu ngh th nghim kt hp vi Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh mi trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni bc u phn lo ngun thi gy nhim chnh t ngnh cng nghip ny v a ra nhng gii php cng ngh ph hp

Trong phm vi gii hn ca mt bi bo chng ti ch mun trnh by mt s thng tin tng qut trong vic phn cht thi gy nhim ca ngnh cng nghip in trn th gii cng nh nc ta ng thi xut mt s cng l nc thi ca cng on ch bn v cng on in v ang c nghin cu v ng dng thnh cng bc hy vng gp phn ci thin mi trng ang b nhim bi nhiu ngnh cng nghip nc ta hin nay.

2.nh

gi

cc

cht

thi

chnh

ca

cng

nghip

in

bin

php

gim

ch

Bt k mt phng php in no, t in li, in typo, in flexo, in ng ng hay in offset u c cht c hi th trng. Tuy nhin nu nh gi theo quy trnh cng ngh sn xut in (trc in-ch bn, in v gia cng sau in) gy nhim chnh l do cc cht thi c hi tp trung cng on ch bn v cng on in. Xt v tng th, mi trng do cng nghip sn xut in c nhiu dng: nhim do ting n, nhim khng kh do cc dung mi in, h dn, xng du m, nhim do cc cht thi rn nh bn in, giy in cng rt ln. Thc t c nhiu cng hiu qu c p dng cho x l kh nhim bng h thng ht lc khng kh kt hp vi hp th, hp ph. C thi rn c thu gom, ti ch hoc chuyn sang cc dng nguyn, nhin liu khc bng cc cng ngh thng hiu qu. Tuy nhin ngun gy nhim ch yu li l nc thi ca cng nghip in nc ta l rt ln nhng c cc c s sn xut in quan tm gii quyt v cng t cc cng trnh khoa hc nghin cu trong lnh vc ny m nh l v phn tn ca cc x nghip Ch xt v nc thi, cng on ch bn cht gy nhim bi cc ha cht s dng hin trng phim v bn (k kim loi v bn photopolymer), cc dung dich axit hoc kim, cc ha cht nh hnh, hml kh nghim

Do nc thi ca cng on ny tng i it nn gii php chung c a ra l phi tp trung nc thi ny v

thit b cha ring bit sau em di x l. Tuy nhin cng vic ny cng ch c thc hin mt s cn nghip in c quy m ln, cn a s l thi trc tip vo h thng nc thi Nc thi cng on in nhim ch yu do mc in v cc dung dch ty ra ca qu trnh v sinh ra trc l bn. Ty thuc vo cc phng php in khc nhau m nc thi ca qu trnh ny cng cha cc ha cht c nhau. Theo [1] , mc in s dng cho cc phng php in litho, in li, in flexo v in ng ng th trong thnh ph thi s c mt s ha cht gy nhim chnh nh : Crom, bari, ch v cc dung dch ty ra nh trichloroe methylene cloride, 1.1.1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, 1.1.2- trichloroethane, chlorobenzene, xylene, metanol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, carbon disulfide, b

Trong trng hp ny, cc gii php c cc nh nghin cu a ra nhm gim lng cht nhim trc khi d qu trnh cng ngh x l bao Phn loi cc dng nc thi ring bit thun tin cho x In tng mu ring bit hoc dng mc in c bit gim s ln phi ra cc l cho mi Ra mc ch khi thay mu hoc khi c s c mc b Dng nhng cht ty ra khng c dung mi c hi nh x phng hoc cc cht ty ra c th dng li nh Tuy nhin d c hn ch bng cc bin php trn, nc thi sau cng vn phi c x l t cc tiu ch trng cho php mi c thi vo h thng cng thi chung. Do vic nghin cu, kho st, nh gi v cng ngh ph hp x l ti ch ngun nc thi trn l mt vn ht sc cp thit cho cc c s sn xut nh cc nh khoa hc. 3. X l nc thi ca Trung tm bo him lu tr ti liu Qu Theo kt qu nghin cu[2] thnh phn nc thi ca Trung tm bo him lu tr ti liu Quc gia (M Lin Phc) trong gm nc thi ca qu trnh cng ngh bao gm trng ra phim, in nh. Do trong qu trnh trn c cc qu trnh ch bn in khc u s dng mt s loi ha cht hin hnh, hm hnh nn trong nc thi hydroquinone, metol, phenidon, cht hin hnh mu, mt s mui v c nh Na2S2O3, Na2SO3 .. v mt s c mang tnh kim, tnh axit cng nh cc cht hot ha b mt. Kt qu phn tch nc thi ca Trung tm trn by trong bng 3-1di Bng 3-1: Hm lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi ca TT lu tr QG

Trn c s kt qu phn tch c tnh ca nc thi trn, da vo iu kin thc t v yu cu cht lng nc x l t TCVN-5945 2005 i vi mt s ch tiu ni trn, cc nh nghin cu ca TT Khoa hc v Cng n trng, HBK H Ni la chn cng ngh x l nh s trn hnh 1:

H thng x l theo s trn c chia ra lm 3 cng on 1. Cng on thu gom v x l nc thi bng phng php ha Nc thi t qu trnh hin, trng phim v bn in c tch mt phn rc, cn ri chy vo b B iu ha c dung tch tnh ton cha lng nc thi trong mt ngy (theo tnh ton trong tng h c dung tch 5 m3). T b iu ha nc thi c a sang b axit ha bng H2SO4 kh cc mui sulfit. C u c ng cp KK (khng kh nn) khuy Nc thi sau khi c axt ha c bm t ng bm ln b oxy ha. Ti y ngi ta b sung cc cht oxy nc thi loi b cc cht hu c v cht mu. Sau khi oxy ha nc thi t chy sang b kh cc cht oxy v trung ha axit. Cc thit b u c khuy trn bng khng kh

2. Cng on x l ha B x l ha l bng phng php ng keo t: nc t b kh chy sang ngn phn ng ca b ng keo t. nc thi c b sung kim m bo pH cho qu trnh keo t ng thi b sung cc cht keo t nh phn, loi b cc ht l lng v cc cht hu c Nc t b ng keo t c a sang b lng tch Nc trong sau x l trn b lng t tiu chun thi TCVN 5945

3. Cng on x l Vic tch bn cn t h thng x l thng s dng thit b lc p khung bn. Sau khi tch nc, bn kh chn Bng 3-2: Kt qu phn tch nc sau x l

H thng trn lm vic n nh c hn mt nm nay, hiu qu kh hm lng cht nhim t > 97%. C s ca nc sau x l u di chun cho php ca TCVN 5945 2005 (bng

Nhn xt: Nh vy, m bo thc hin ng lut mi trng, bo v mi trng nc ca cng ng, vi b s sn xut in no c h thng ch bn u c th xy dng h thng x l nc thi ti ch, va m bo thun n nh trong vn hnh ng thi gim chi ph x l. 4. X l nc thi ca phn xng Chng ti kho st mu nc thi ca mt s phn xng in trn a bn H Ni ng thi tin hnh x phng th nghim, kt qu bc u t c rt kh quan v ang tin hnh trin khai m hnh nghin cu ra Kt qu nghin cu trong phng th nghim c th trnh by vn tt nh

1. Phn tch hm lng cc cht nhim trong nc thi phn xn Nh phn tch trn (trong mc 2), nc thi ca phn xng in cha kh nhiu ha cht c hi. Bng 4-1 t kt qu phn tch mt mu nc thi dng ny (do 1 s l do, tc gi xin php cha c ni tn c s sn xu Bng 4-1: Thnh phn nc thi ca mt phn xng in offset v ng ng

La chn cng ngh x Theo [2],[3],[4] v cc c tnh ca nc thi phn tch v la chn cng ngh Do pH ca nc thi cao nn khng th tn ti cc vi sinh vt sng, ch s BOD khng c. Cng nh phn x bn trn, nc thi t phn xng in c chy vo b cha s cp loi b s b cn bn. Qu trnh x l t lin tc theo mt chu k ca b cha (khi b cha y bt u qu trnh x l). Nc t b cha c bm san bng. y thc hin ng thi qu trnh kt ta cc kim loi v kt bng lng cc mui kt ta to th gim thi gian lng, nc t b kt bng c bm trc tip sang my lc p khung bn. Nc trong sau lc ha bng H2SO4, sau dng than hot tnh kh mu ri thi ra ngoi.

Hnh 2: S nghuyn l cng ngh x l nc thi phn xng in Kt qu :Nc sau x l c phn tch kim tra t tiu chun thi TCVN 5945:2005. Bn thi t my l bn c phi kh v em i chn

5. Kt - Hin nay nc ta vn nhim mi trng do nc thi ca ngnh cng nghip in cng n mc bo vn cha c quan tm ng mc. Do , vic kho st, nghin cu nh gi mc nhim v c cc g cng ngh x l ti ch l ht sc cn - Vic gim thiu nc thi, phn loi v thu gom ring bit nc thi ca phn xng ch bn, phn xng in l cn thit p dng cng ngh x l ph hp, hiu qu v kin B mn Cng ngh In v Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh mi trng, trng i Hc Bch khoa H Ni sn sn cng cc c s sn xut in nghin cu v p dng nhng cng ngh, thit b x l nc thi tin tin v hiu gp phn thit thc vo vic bo v mi trng.

TI LIU THAM 1. RCRA in focus Printing and envir United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA530-K-97-007, January 1. Tuyn tp Bo co khoa hc Hi tho: y mnh pht trin ngnh mi trng Vi Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh mi trng, HBK H NiH Ni, 1. Eilbeck W.J. & Mattock G. (1995), Chemical processes in waste water treament, Ellis Horwood Limite 2. APHA/ AWWA/ WPCF (1985), Standar Menthods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th edn, A Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Fed PGS.TS Trn Tp ch In & Truyn Thng s 7/2010 Vn

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Th Vin Php Lut > Ngh nh > Ngh nh 67/2011/N-CP hng dn Lut Thu bo v mi trng Xem bn y : Ngh nh 67/2011/N-CP hng dn Lut Thu bo v mi trng 08/08/2011 12:00 SA

CHNH PH ------S: 67/2011/N-CP

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc --------------H Ni, ngy 08 thng 08 nm 2011

NGH NH QUY NH CHI TIT V HNG DN THI HNH MT S IU CA LUT THU BO V MI TRNG CHNH PH Cn c Lut T chc Chnh ph ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2001; Cn c Lut Thu bo v mi trng ngy 15 thng 11 nm 2010; Xt ngh ca B trng B Ti chnh, NGH NH: Chng 1. NHNG QUY NH CHUNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh

Ngh nh ny quy nh v i tng chu thu, cn c tnh thu, khai thu, tnh thu, np thu v hon thu bo v mi trng. iu 2. i tng chu thu i tng chu thu thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng. 1. i vi xng, du, m nhn quy nh ti Khon 1 iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng l cc loi xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch. i vi nhin liu hn hp cha nhin liu sinh hc v xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch, ch tnh thu thu bo v mi trng i vi phn xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch. 2. i vi dung dch hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbon (k hiu l HCFC) quy nh ti khon 3 iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng l loi gas dng lm mi cht s dng trong thit b lnh v trong cng nghip bn dn. 3. i vi ti ni lng thuc din chu thu (ti nha) quy nh ti Khon 4 iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng l loi ti, bao b nha mng lm t mng nha n HDPE (high density polyethylene resin), LDPE (Low density polyethylen) hoc LLDPE (Linear low density polyethylen resin), tr bao b ng gi sn hng ha v ti ni lng p ng tiu ch thn thin vi mi trng theo quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. 4. i vi thuc dit c thuc loi hn ch s dng, thuc tr mi thuc loi hn ch s dng, thuc bo qun lm sn thuc loi hn ch s dng, thuc kh trng kho thuc loi hn ch s dng, quy nh ti Khon 5, 6, 7 v Khon 8 iu 3 Lut Thu bo v mi trng: Chi tit thc hin theo quy nh ti Ngh quyt s 1269/2011/UBTVQH12 ngy 14 thng 7 nm 2011 ca y ban Thng v Quc hi v biu thu bo v mi trng. Chng 2. CN C TNH THU iu 3. S lng hng ha tnh thu S lng hng ha tnh thu c thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 6 Lut Thu bo v mi trng. Trng hp nhin liu hn hp cha xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch v nhin liu sinh hc th s lng hng ha tnh thu ch tnh cho s lng xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch trong nhin liu hn hp. iu 4. Mc thu Mc thu c th i vi tng hng ha chu thu thc hin theo Biu thu bo v mi trng do y ban Thng v Quc hi ban hnh.

Chng 3. KHAI THU, TNH THU, NP THU V HON THU iu 5. Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 10 Lut Thu bo v mi trng v php lut v qun l thu. 1. i vi hng ha sn xut bn ra, trao i, tiu dng ni b, tng cho thc hin khai thu, tnh thu v np thu theo thng. i vi hng ha nhp khu, hng ha nhp khu y thc thc hin khai thu, tnh thu v np thu theo tng ln pht sinh. 2. Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu bo v mi trng i vi xng, du, m nhn: Cc cng ty kinh doanh xng du u mi thc hin khai, np thu bo v mi trng v ngn sch nh nc i vi lng xng du xut, bn (bao gm c xut tiu dng ni b, xut trao i sn phm hng ha khc, xut tr hng nhp khu y thc, bn cho t chc, c nhn khc; tr bn cho cng ty kinh doanh xng du u mi khc) ti a phng ni k khai, np thu gi tr gia tng. B Ti chnh quy nh cng ty u mi k khai np thu bo v mi trng i vi xng du. 3. Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu bo v mi trng i vi than thc hin theo nguyn tc: Than tiu th ni a phi khai, np thu bo v mi trng; than xut khu khng thuc i tng chu thu bo v mi trng. B Ti chnh ch tr, phi hp vi B Cng Thng hng dn c th quy nh ti Khon ny. 4. Thu bo v mi trng ch phi np mt ln i vi hng ha sn xut hoc nhp khu. Trng hp hng ha xut khu np thu bo v mi trng nhng phi nhp khu tr li Vit Nam th khng phi np thu bo v mi trng khi nhp khu. iu 6. Hon thu Hon thu bo v mi trng c thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 11 Lut Thu bo v mi trng. i vi xng du, quy nh ti Khon 2 iu 11 Lut Thu bo v mi trng, ngi np thu c hon s thu bo v mi trng np tng ng lng xng du cung ng. Ngi np thu chu trch nhim trc php lut v tnh chnh xc v s liu k khai hon thu. Trnh t, th tc k khai, hon thu c thc hin theo quy nh php lut v qun l thu v php lut v hi quan. Chng 4. IU KHON THI HNH

iu 7. Hiu lc v hng dn thi hnh 1. Ngh nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2012. 2. Quy nh v thu ph xng, du ti Ngh nh s 78/2000/N-CP ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2000 ca Chnh ph v ph xng du v Quyt nh s 03/2009/Q-TTg ngy 09 thng 01 nm 2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph v iu chnh mc thu ph xng, du ht hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy Ngh nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh. 3. B Ti chnh hng dn thi hnh Ngh nh ny. iu 8. Trch nhim thi hnh Cc B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny./.

TM. CHNH PH TH TNG Ni nhn:

- Ban B th Trung ng ng; - Th tng, cc Ph Th tng Chnh ph; - Cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc CP; - VP BCTW v phng, chng tham nhng; - HND, UBND cc tnh, TP trc thuc TW; - Vn phng Trung ng v cc Ban ca ng; - Vn phng Ch tch nc; - Hi ng Dn tc v cc y ban ca Quc hi; - Vn phng Quc hi; - Ta n nhn dn ti cao; - Vin Kim st nhn dn ti cao; - Kim ton Nh nc; - y ban Gim st ti chnh Quc gia; - Ngn hng Chnh sch X hi; - Ngn hng Pht trin Vit Nam; - UBTW Mt trn T quc Vit Nam; - C quan Trung ng ca cc on th; - VPCP: BTCN, cc PCN, Cng TTT, cc V, Cc, n v trc thuc, Cng bo; - Lu: Vn th, KTTH (5b).

Nguyn Tn Dng

Copyright 2010, LawSoft Corp. Th Vin Php Lut > Lut > Lut thu bo v mi trng 2010

Xem bn y : Lut thu bo v mi trng 2010 15/11/2010 12:00 SA

QUC HI ------Lut s: 57/2010/QH12

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp T do Hnh phc -------------H Ni, ngy 15 thng 11 nm 2010

LUT THU BO V MI TRNG Cn c Hin php nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam nm 1992 c sa i, b sung mt s iu theo Ngh quyt s 51/2001/QH10; Quc hi ban hnh Lut thu bo v mi trng, Chng 1. NHNG QUY NH CHUNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh Lut ny quy nh v i tng chu thu, i tng khng chu thu, ngi np thu, cn c tnh thu, khai thu, tnh thu, np thu v hon thu bo v mi trng. iu 2. Gii thch t ng Trong Lut ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau: 1. Thu bo v mi trng l loi thu gin thu, thu vo sn phm, hng ha (sau y gi chung l hng ha) khi s dng gy tc ng xu n mi trng. 2. Mc thu tuyt i l mc thu c quy nh bng s tin tnh trn mt n v hng ha chu thu. 3. Ti ni lng thuc din chu thu l loi ti, bao b c lm t mng nha n polyetylen, tn k thut l ti nha xp. 4. Dung dch hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbon (HCFC) l nhm cht gy suy gim tng dn dng lm mi cht lnh.

iu 3. i tng chu thu 1. Xng, du, m nhn, bao gm: a) Xng, tr etanol; b) Nhin liu bay; c) Du diezel; d) Du ha; ) Du mazut; e) Du nhn; g) M nhn. 2. Than , bao gm: a) Than nu; b) Than an-tra-xt (antraxit); c) Than m; d) Than khc. 3. Dung dch hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbon (HCFC). 4. Ti ni lng thuc din chu thu. 5. Thuc dit c thuc loi hn ch s dng. 6. Thuc tr mi thuc loi hn ch s dng. 7. Thuc bo qun lm sn thuc loi hn ch s dng. 8. Thuc kh trng kho thuc loi hn ch s dng. 9. Trng hp xt thy cn thit phi b sung i tng chu thu khc cho ph hp vi tng thi kz th y ban thng v Quc hi xem xt, quy nh. Chnh ph quy nh chi tit iu ny.

iu 4. i tng khng chu thu 1. Hng ha khng quy nh ti iu 3 ca Lut ny khng thuc i tng chu thu bo v mi trng. 2. Hng ha quy nh ti iu 3 ca Lut ny khng chu thu bo v mi trng trong cc trng hp sau: a) Hng ha vn chuyn qu cnh hoc chuyn khu qua ca khu, bin gii Vit Nam theo quy nh ca php lut, bao gm hng ha c vn chuyn t nc xut khu n nc nhp khu qua ca khu Vit Nam nhng khng lm th tc nhp khu vo Vit Nam v khng lm th tc xut khu ra khi Vit Nam; hng ha qu cnh qua ca khu, bin gii Vit Nam trn c s Hip nh k kt gia Chnh ph Vit Nam v Chnh ph nc ngoi hoc tha thun gia c quan, ngi i din c Chnh ph Vit Nam v Chnh ph nc ngoi y quyn theo quy nh ca php lut; b) Hng ha tm nhp khu, ti xut khu trong thi hn theo quy nh ca php lut; c) Hng ha do c s sn xut trc tip xut khu hoc y thc cho c s kinh doanh xut khu xut khu, tr trng hp t chc, h gia nh, c nhn mua hng ha thuc i tng chu thu bo v mi trng xut khu. iu 5. Ngi np thu 1. Ngi np thu bo v mi trng l t chc, h gia nh, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu hng ha thuc i tng chu thu quy nh ti iu 3 ca Lut ny. 2. Ngi np thu bo v mi trng trong mt s trng hp c th c quy nh nh sau: a) Trng hp y thc nhp khu hng ha th ngi nhn y thc nhp khu l ngi np thu; b) Trng hp t chc, h gia nh, c nhn lm u mi thu mua than khai thc nh, l m khng xut trnh c chng t chng minh hng ha c np thu bo v mi trng th t chc, h gia nh, c nhn lm u mi thu mua l ngi np thu. Chng 2. CN C TNH THU iu 6. Cn c tnh thu 1. Cn c tnh thu bo v mi trng l s lng hng ha tnh thu v mc thu tuyt i. 2. S lng hng ha tnh thu c quy nh nh sau:

a) i vi hng ha sn xut trong nc, s lng hng ha tnh thu l s lng hng ha sn xut bn ra, trao i, tiu dng ni b, tng cho; b) i vi hng ha nhp khu, s lng hng ha tnh thu l s lng hng ha nhp khu. 3. Mc thu tuyt i tnh thu c quy nh ti iu 8 ca Lut ny. iu 7. Phng php tnh thu S thu bo v mi trng phi np bng s lng n v hng ha chu thu nhn vi mc thu tuyt i quy nh trn mt n v hng ha. iu 8. Biu khung thu 1. Mc thu tuyt i c quy nh theo Biu khung thu di y: Mc thu Hng ha n v tnh (ng/1 n v hng ha)

S th t I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 II 1 2 3 4 III IV Xng, du, m nhn Xng, tr etanol Nhin liu bay Du diezel Du ha Du mazut Du nhn M nhn Than Than nu

Lt Lt Lt Lt Lt Lt Kg

1.000-4.000 1.000-3.000 500-2.000 300-2.000 300-2.000 300-2.000 300-2.000

Tn Tn Tn Tn kg kg

10.000-30.000 20.000-50.000 10.000-30.000 10.000-30.000 1.000-5.000 30.000-50.000

Than an-tra-xt (antraxit) Than m Than khc Dung dch Hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbon (HCFC) Ti ni lng thuc din chu thu

V VI VII VIII

Thuc dit c thuc loi hn ch s dng Thuc tr mi thuc loi hn ch s dng Thuc bo qun lm sn thuc loi hn ch s dng Thuc kh trng kho thuc loi hn ch s dng

kg kg kg kg

500-2.000 1.000-3.000 1.000-3.000 1.000-3.000

2. Cn c vo Biu khung thu quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny, y ban thng v Quc hi quy nh mc thu c th i vi tng loi hng ha chu thu bo m cc nguyn tc sau: a) Mc thu i vi hng ha chu thu ph hp vi chnh sch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca Nh nc trong tng thi kz; b) Mc thu i vi hng ha chu thu c xc nh theo mc gy tc ng xu n mi trng ca hng ha. Chng 3. KHAI THU, TNH THU, NP THU V HON THU iu 9. Thi im tnh thu 1. i vi hng ha sn xut bn ra, trao i, tng cho, thi im tnh thu l thi im chuyn giao quyn s hu hoc quyn s dng hng ha. 2. i vi hng ha sn xut a vo tiu dng ni b, thi im tnh thu l thi im a hng ha vo s dng. 3. i vi hng ha nhp khu, thi im tnh thu l thi im ng k{ t khai hi quan. 4. i vi xng, du sn xut hoc nhp khu bn, thi im tnh thu l thi im u mi kinh doanh xng, du bn ra. iu 10. Khai thu, tnh thu, np thu 1. Vic khai thu, tnh thu, np thu bo v mi trng i vi hng ha sn xut bn ra, trao i, tiu dng ni b, tng cho c thc hin theo thng v theo quy nh ca php lut v qun l thu. 2. Vic khai thu, tnh thu, np thu bo v mi trng i vi hng ha nhp khu c thc hin cng thi im vi khai thu v np thu nhp khu. 3. Thu bo v mi trng ch np mt ln i vi hng ha sn xut hoc nhp khu. iu 11. Hon thu

Ngi np thu bo v mi trng c hon thu np trong cc trng hp sau: 1. Hng ha nhp khu cn lu kho, lu bi ti ca khu v ang chu s gim st ca c quan Hi quan c ti xut khu ra nc ngoi; 2. Hng ha nhp khu giao, bn cho nc ngoi thng qua i l ti Vit Nam; xng, du bn cho phng tin vn ti ca hng nc ngoi trn tuyn ng qua cng Vit Nam hoc phng tin vn ti ca Vit Nam trn tuyn ng vn ti quc t theo quy nh ca php lut; 3. Hng ha tm nhp khu ti xut khu theo phng thc kinh doanh hng tm nhp, ti xut. 4. Hng ha nhp khu do ngi nhp khu ti xut khu ra nc ngoi; 5. Hng ha tm nhp khu tham gia hi ch, trin lm, gii thiu sn phm theo quy nh ca php lut khi ti xut khu ra nc ngoi. Chng 4. IU KHON THI HNH iu 12. Hiu lc thi hnh 1. Lut ny c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2012. 2. Cc quy nh v thu ph xng, du ti Php lnh v ph v l ph s 38/2001/PL-UBTVQH10 ht hiu lc thi hnh t ngy Lut ny c hiu lc. iu 13. Quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh Chnh ph quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh cc iu, khon c giao trong Lut; hng dn nhng ni dung cn thit khc ca Lut ny p ng yu cu qun l{ nh nc. Lut ny c Quc hi nc Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam kha XII, k hp th 8 thng qua ngy 15 thng 11 nm 2010.

CH TCH QUC HI

Nguyn Ph Trng

Copyright 2010, LawSoft Corp. Th Vin Php Lut > Thng t lin tch > Thng t lin tch 107/2010/TTLT-BTC-TNMT sa i Thng t lin tch 125/2003/TTLTBTC-BTNMT v Thng t lin tch 106/2007/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT hng dn v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi do B Ti chnh - B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh Xem bn y : Thng t lin tch 107/2010/TTLT-BTC-TNMT sa i Thng t lin tch 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT v Thng t lin tch 106/2007/TTLT-BTCBTNMT hng dn v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi do B Ti chnh - B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh 26/07/2010 12:00 SA

B TI CHNH - B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG ------S: 107/2010/TTLT-BTC-TNMT

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp T do Hnh phc -------------H Ni, ngy 26 thng 7 nm 2010

THNG T LIN TCH SA I, B SUNG THNG T LIN TCH S 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT NGY 18/12/2003 V THNG T LIN TCH S 106/2007/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT NGY 06/9/2007 HNG DN V PH BO V MI TRNG I VI NC THI Cn c Ngh nh s 57/2002/N-CP ngy 03/6/2002 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh Php lnh ph v l ph; Ngh nh s 24/2006/N-CP ngy 06/3/2006 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh s 57/2002/N-CP ngy 03/6/2002 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh Php lnh ph v l ph; Cn c Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/6/2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; Ngh nh s 04/2007/N-CP ngy 08/01/2007 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13 thng 6 nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; Ngh nh s 26/2010/N-CP ngy 22/3/2010 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung khon 2 iu 8 Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/6/2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi; Cn c Ngh nh s 118/2008/N-CP ngy 27/11/2008 ca Chnh ph v chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti chnh; Cn c Ngh nh s 25/2008/N-CP ngy 04/3/2008 ca Chnh ph v chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng.

Lin B Ti chnh - B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn mt s ni dung v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi nh sau: iu 1. Sa i, b sung Thng t lin tch s 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT 1. Sa i, b sung im b khon 1 Mc V nh sau: b) Phn cn li (sau khi tr i s ph trch li cho n v cung cp nc sch, U ban nhn dn x, phng) c np vo ngn sch a phng v s dng theo hng dn ti khon 3 mc V Thng t ny. 2. Sa i, b sung im b khon 2 Mc V nh sau: b) Phn cn li (80% trn tng s tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip thu c) c np vo ngn sch a phng v s dng theo hng dn ti khon 3 mc V Thng t ny. 3. Sa i, b sung khon 3 Mc V nh sau: 3) Phn cn li np 100% vo ngn sch a phng s dng cho vic bo v mi trng, u t mi, no vt cng rnh, duy tu, bo dng h thng thot nc ti a phng, bo v cht lng nc cc ngun nc (trong c cht lng nc ca cc cng trnh thu li), b sung vn hot ng cho Qu Bo v mi trng ca a phng (nu thnh lp), tr n vay i vi cc khon vay ca cc d n thot nc thuc nhim v chi ca ngn sch a phng. Vic chi tr, thanh ton cc khon chi t phn ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi np vo ngn sch nh nc c thc hin theo quy nh ca Lut Ngn sch nh nc v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh iu 2. Sa i, b sung Thng t lin tch s 106/2007/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT 1. Sa i, b sung khon 4 nh sau: 4. Sa i, b sung khon 2 mc IV Thng t s 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT nh sau: 2. Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip a) i tng np ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip c ngha v: - K khai s ph phi np hng qu vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng ni thi nc theo ng quy nh (mu s 02 ban hnh km theo Thng t ny) trong vng 5 ngy u thng u tin ca qu tip theo v bo m tnh chnh xc ca vic k khai;

- Np , ng hn s tin ph phi np vo ti khon Tm thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi ti Kho bc nh nc theo thng bo ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, nhng chm nht khng qu ngy 15 thng u tin ca qu tip theo; - Quyt ton tin ph phi np hng nm vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng trong thi hn 30 ngy, k t ngy 01 thng 01 hng nm. b) S Ti nguyn v Mi trng c nhim v: - Thm nh T khai ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip. Chm nht khng qu ngy 10 thng u tin ca qu tip theo, ra thng bo s ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip phi np vo ngn sch nh nc cho i tng np ph (theo mu s 03 ban hnh km theo Thng t ny). - M s sch k ton theo di ring tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip ca i tng np ph trn a bn, theo di v qun l, s dng phn tin ph quy nh ti khon 2 mc V Thng t ny. - Hng qu, chm nht khng qu ngy 20 thng u tin ca qu tip theo, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tng hp s ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip gi Cc thu, nh kz i chiu vi Kho bc nh nc ni giao dch. - Hng nm, trong thi hn 60 ngy, k t ngy 01 thng 01 hng nm, thc hin quyt ton vi c quan thu cng cp vic thu, np tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip trn a bn theo ng ch quy nh. - Lp k hoch s dng phn ph thu c theo quy nh ti khon 3 mc V Thng t ny trnh U ban nhn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng quyt nh u t bo v mi trng trn a bn. c) Kho bc Nh nc m ti khon tm thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi thu tin ph t i tng np ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip. nh kz hng qu{, c s sn xut cng nghip np tin ph vo ti khon tm thu theo thng bo ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng. Khi np tin ph vo Kho bc Nh nc, c s sn xut cng nghip lp 03 lin giy np tin vo ti khon np tin vo ti khon tm thu ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi. Chm nht khng qu ngy 20 thng u tin ca qu tip theo, Kho bc Nh nc tng hp s ph bo v mi trng, lp giy np tin vo ngn sch a phng (80% trn tng s tin ph) v s dng theo hng dn ti khon 3 mc V Thng t ny, ng thi hch ton iu chuyn s ph li (20% trn tng s tin ph) vo ti khon tin gi ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng theo ngh ca S. S tin ph np ngn sch nh nc c hch ton vo chng, loi, khon tng ng, mc v tiu mc 042.01 ca Mc lc Ngn sch nh nc hin hnh.

d) i vi cc c s sn xut, dch v thuc trch nhim qun l trc tip ca B Cng an v B Quc phng, v l do an ninh v b mt quc gia, vic thm nh T khai ph bo v mi trng do B Cng an v B Quc phng thc hin v thng bo vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng ni c s hot ng (theo mu s 04 ban hnh km theo Thng t ny). ) Khi thay i nguyn liu, sn phm; thay i dy chuyn sn xut, quy trnh cng ngh; lp t thit b gim thiu nhim, h thng x l{ nc thi, ch c s sn xut, kinh doanh, dch v c trch nhim bo co S Ti nguyn v Mi trng bng vn bn c xc nh li mc ph phi np cho ph hp. 2. Sa i, b sung khon 5 nh sau: 5. Sa i, b sung khon 2 mc V Thng t s 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT nh sau: 2. Ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip a) li 20% trn tng s tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip thu c cho S Ti nguyn v Mi trng trang tri chi ph cho vic thu ph hoc iu chnh nh mc pht thi ca cht gy nhim. Trong : - 5% trn tng s tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip c s dng trang tri chi ph cho vic thu ph theo quy nh ti khon 8 Thng t s 45/2006/TT-BTC ngy 25/5/2006 ca B Ti chnh sa i, b sung Thng t s 63/2002/TT-BTC ngy 24/7/2002 ca B Ti chnh hng dn thc hin cc quy nh php lut v ph v l ph. - 15% cn li c s dng trang tri chi ph cho vic nh gi, ly mu phn tch nc thi phc v cng tc thm nh t khai np ph hoc phc v cho vic thu ph. Ton b s tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip c trch theo qui nh trn y, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi s dng ng mc ch, c chng t hp php theo ch qui nh, cui nm nu cha chi ht th c chuyn sang nm sau chi theo ch quy nh. b) Phn ph cn li (80% trn tng s tin ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi cng nghip thu c) c np vo ngn sch a phng v c s dng theo hng dn ti khon 3 mc V Thng t ny. 3. Sa i, b sung khon 6 nh sau: B sung im c khon 3 mc V Thng t s 125/2003/TTLT-BTC-BTNMT nh sau: c) Hng nm cn c Ch th ca Th tng Chnh ph v xy dng k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi v d ton ngn sch nh nc nm sau; vn bn hng dn xy dng d ton ngn sch nm sau ca B Ti chnh; vn bn hng dn v chuyn mn, nhim v trng tm hot ng bo v mi trng cho cc

tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng lp d ton kinh ph, tng hp vo d ton chi ngn sch nm sau gi S Ti chnh, S K hoch v u t theo quy nh ca Lut Ngn sch nh nc; S Ti chnh c trch nhim xem xt, tng hp chung vo d ton chi ngn sch cng cp bo co U ban nhn dn tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng trnh Hi ng nhn dn cng cp xem xt, quyt nh. Vic chp hnh d ton, hch ton k ton v quyt ton thc hin theo quy nh hin hnh ca Lut Ngn sch nh nc, cc vn bn hng dn Lut v Mc lc ngn sch Nh nc hin hnh. iu 3 1. Thng t ny c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy Ngh nh s 26/2010/N-CP ngy 22/3/2010 ca Chnh ph sa i, b sung khon 2 iu 8 Ngh nh s 67/2003/N-CP ngy 13/6/2003 ca Chnh ph v ph bo v mi trng i vi nc thi c hiu lc thi hnh. 2. Trong qu trnh thc hin nu c kh khn, vng mc, ngh cc c quan, n v phn nh v B Ti chnh v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng nghin cu, gii quyt./.

KT. B TRNG B TI NGUYN V MI TRNG TH TRNG

KT. B TRNG B TI CHNH TH TRNG

Nguyn Thi Lai

Hong Anh Tun

Ni nhn:
- Vn phng TW ng; - Vn phng Quc hi; - Vn phng Chnh ph; - Vn phng Ch tch nc; - Vin Kim st nhn dn ti cao; - Ta n nhn dn ti cao; - Kim ton nh nc; - Thanh tra Chnh ph; - Vn phng BCTW v phng, chng tham nhng; - Cc B, c quan ngang B,c quan thuc Chnh ph; - UBND cc tnh, TP trc thuc TW; - Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam; - S Ti chnh, S TNMT, Kho bc NN cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc TW; - C quan Trung ng ca cc on th; - Cng bo;

- Cc Kim tra vn bn - B T php; - Website Chnh ph; - Website B Ti chnh, B TNMT; - Lu: B TC (VT, V CST), B TNMT (VT ).

Copyright 2010, LawSoft Corp. Th Vin Php Lut > Ngh nh > Ngh nh 67/2011/N-CP hng dn Lut Thu bo v mi trng Xem bn y : Ngh nh 67/2011/N-CP hng dn Lut Thu bo v mi trng 08/08/2011 12:00 SA

CHNH PH ------S: 67/2011/N-CP

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM c lp - T do - Hnh phc --------------H Ni, ngy 08 thng 08 nm 2011

NGH NH QUY NH CHI TIT V HNG DN THI HNH MT S IU CA LUT THU BO V MI TRNG CHNH PH Cn c Lut T chc Chnh ph ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2001; Cn c Lut Thu bo v mi trng ngy 15 thng 11 nm 2010; Xt ngh ca B trng B Ti chnh, NGH NH: Chng 1. NHNG QUY NH CHUNG iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh

Ngh nh ny quy nh v i tng chu thu, cn c tnh thu, khai thu, tnh thu, np thu v hon thu bo v mi trng. iu 2. i tng chu thu i tng chu thu thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng. 1. i vi xng, du, m nhn quy nh ti Khon 1 iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng l cc loi xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch. i vi nhin liu hn hp cha nhin liu sinh hc v xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch, ch tnh thu thu bo v mi trng i vi phn xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch. 2. i vi dung dch hydro-chloro-fluoro-carbon (k hiu l HCFC) quy nh ti khon 3 iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng l loi gas dng lm mi cht s dng trong thit b lnh v trong cng nghip bn dn. 3. i vi ti ni lng thuc din chu thu (ti nha) quy nh ti Khon 4 iu 3 ca Lut Thu bo v mi trng l loi ti, bao b nha mng lm t mng nha n HDPE (high density polyethylene resin), LDPE (Low density polyethylen) hoc LLDPE (Linear low density polyethylen resin), tr bao b ng gi sn hng ha v ti ni lng p ng tiu ch thn thin vi mi trng theo quy nh ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. 4. i vi thuc dit c thuc loi hn ch s dng, thuc tr mi thuc loi hn ch s dng, thuc bo qun lm sn thuc loi hn ch s dng, thuc kh trng kho thuc loi hn ch s dng, quy nh ti Khon 5, 6, 7 v Khon 8 iu 3 Lut Thu bo v mi trng: Chi tit thc hin theo quy nh ti Ngh quyt s 1269/2011/UBTVQH12 ngy 14 thng 7 nm 2011 ca y ban Thng v Quc hi v biu thu bo v mi trng. Chng 2. CN C TNH THU iu 3. S lng hng ha tnh thu S lng hng ha tnh thu c thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 6 Lut Thu bo v mi trng. Trng hp nhin liu hn hp cha xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch v nhin liu sinh hc th s lng hng ha tnh thu ch tnh cho s lng xng, du, m nhn gc ha thch trong nhin liu hn hp. iu 4. Mc thu Mc thu c th i vi tng hng ha chu thu thc hin theo Biu thu bo v mi trng do y ban Thng v Quc hi ban hnh.

Chng 3. KHAI THU, TNH THU, NP THU V HON THU iu 5. Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 10 Lut Thu bo v mi trng v php lut v qun l thu. 1. i vi hng ha sn xut bn ra, trao i, tiu dng ni b, tng cho thc hin khai thu, tnh thu v np thu theo thng. i vi hng ha nhp khu, hng ha nhp khu y thc thc hin khai thu, tnh thu v np thu theo tng ln pht sinh. 2. Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu bo v mi trng i vi xng, du, m nhn: Cc cng ty kinh doanh xng du u mi thc hin khai, np thu bo v mi trng v ngn sch nh nc i vi lng xng du xut, bn (bao gm c xut tiu dng ni b, xut trao i sn phm hng ha khc, xut tr hng nhp khu y thc, bn cho t chc, c nhn khc; tr bn cho cng ty kinh doanh xng du u mi khc) ti a phng ni k khai, np thu gi tr gia tng. B Ti chnh quy nh cng ty u mi k khai np thu bo v mi trng i vi xng du. 3. Khai thu, tnh thu v np thu bo v mi trng i vi than thc hin theo nguyn tc: Than tiu th ni a phi khai, np thu bo v mi trng; than xut khu khng thuc i tng chu thu bo v mi trng. B Ti chnh ch tr, phi hp vi B Cng Thng hng dn c th quy nh ti Khon ny. 4. Thu bo v mi trng ch phi np mt ln i vi hng ha sn xut hoc nhp khu. Trng hp hng ha xut khu np thu bo v mi trng nhng phi nhp khu tr li Vit Nam th khng phi np thu bo v mi trng khi nhp khu. iu 6. Hon thu Hon thu bo v mi trng c thc hin theo quy nh ti iu 11 Lut Thu bo v mi trng. i vi xng du, quy nh ti Khon 2 iu 11 Lut Thu bo v mi trng, ngi np thu c hon s thu bo v mi trng np tng ng lng xng du cung ng. Ngi np thu chu trch nhim trc php lut v tnh chnh xc v s liu k khai hon thu. Trnh t, th tc k khai, hon thu c thc hin theo quy nh php lut v qun l thu v php lut v hi quan. Chng 4. IU KHON THI HNH

iu 7. Hiu lc v hng dn thi hnh 1. Ngh nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm 2012. 2. Quy nh v thu ph xng, du ti Ngh nh s 78/2000/N-CP ngy 26 thng 12 nm 2000 ca Chnh ph v ph xng du v Quyt nh s 03/2009/Q-TTg ngy 09 thng 01 nm 2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph v iu chnh mc thu ph xng, du ht hiu lc thi hnh k t ngy Ngh nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh. 3. B Ti chnh hng dn thi hnh Ngh nh ny. iu 8. Trch nhim thi hnh Cc B trng, Th trng c quan ngang B, Th trng c quan thuc Chnh ph, Ch tch y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny./.

TM. CHNH PH TH TNG Ni nhn:

- Ban B th Trung ng ng; - Th tng, cc Ph Th tng Chnh ph; - Cc B, c quan ngang B, c quan thuc CP; - VP BCTW v phng, chng tham nhng; - HND, UBND cc tnh, TP trc thuc TW; - Vn phng Trung ng v cc Ban ca ng; - Vn phng Ch tch nc; - Hi ng Dn tc v cc y ban ca Quc hi; - Vn phng Quc hi; - Ta n nhn dn ti cao; - Vin Kim st nhn dn ti cao; - Kim ton Nh nc; - y ban Gim st ti chnh Quc gia; - Ngn hng Chnh sch X hi; - Ngn hng Pht trin Vit Nam; - UBTW Mt trn T quc Vit Nam; - C quan Trung ng ca cc on th; - VPCP: BTCN, cc PCN, Cng TTT, cc V, Cc, n v trc thuc, Cng bo; - Lu: Vn th, KTTH (5b).

Nguyn Tn Dng