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CHNG 2
B NH H I CY TR NG

B nh cy l g???
Khi b KS t n cng ho c do i u ki n mt b t l i. Ch c nng sinh l C u t o t bo & m Nng su t & ph m ch t cy tr ng

B nh cy

Tc nhn gy bnh cy trng

- Nhi t - B nh cy do mi tr ng - m , pH, Oxy - Dinh d ng (B nh sinh l)
- Ch t khong t

B nh do mi tr ng

- B nh do tc nhn vi sinh v t (B nh truy n nhi m)

-N m -Vi khu n -Vi rt -Tuy n trng

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Tri u ch ng thi u s t

B nh thi u m trn cy la m Cy b p b thi u ln Cy b p b thi u ln Cy b p b thi u Kali

Bi u hi n c a thi u Mg

Tri u ch ng thi u Bo Tri u ch ng thi u Ca

(Ngu n nh: Ormrod) Ng c Bo cy u

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Lm th no phn bi t gi a b nh do mi tr ng v b nh do k sinh???

Cy b thu c tr c

2. B nh do vi sinh v t gy ra B nh sinh l v b nh truy n nhi m c m i lin quan no khng???

Tc nhn gy bnh cy trng
Nm

Vi khun

Virus

Nematode

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Triu chng bnh do tc nhn gy bnh gy nn

2.2. N m gy b nh cy
Trn 80% s bnh hi cy trng l do nm gy ra. > 10.000 loi gy bnh cho cy trng

Rhizoctonia sp

Cc triu chng thng gp do bnh nm gy ra

Tri u ch ng do n m

Th i t b p c i do n m Sclerotina sclerotiorum

B nh r s t cy h do n m Uromyces appendiculatus

u Ng b ph n en do n m Ustilago maydis

B nh ho r do n m Phytopthora sp
B nh sng r b p c i doPlasmodiophora brassicae B nh ch y gm do n m Phytophtora citrophthora

B nh ho r do n m Fusarium oxysporum

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Nm gy bnh cy trng c nhng c im no???

C quan sinh tr ng l s i n m (Hyphae). S i n m a bo ho c n bo, phn nhnh ( ng knh 5 20 m). Khng c di p l c, d d ng Sinh s n t o ra bo t T bo s i n m c vch t bo, nhn; t bo ch t c khng bo v cc bo quan.
S i n m Rhizoctonia solani

C u t o vch t bo c a n m v cc vi sinh v t gi ng n m g m : - N m th t : vch t bo g m 1 l p chitin (l cc chu i N-acetyl-D-glucosamine khng phn nhnh), 1 l p -1,3-glucan v 1 l p mannoproteins (glycoprotein ch a ng mannose) - VSV gi ng n m (vd cc n m sng mai): vch t bo khng c chitin nhng c c u t o b i cellulose v glucan.

c im sinh thi ca nm
Ni c tr: K ch v t hoc xc b thc vt Nhi t thch h p cho h u h t t t c cc loi n m sinh tr ng pht tri n l t 20 280 C, pH thch h p 6 - 6,5

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2. 2.Vi khu n gy b nh cy
Khong 600 loi gy bnh thc vt Hnh thi : Phn ln hnh gy, 2 u t Kch thc : 1 - 3 x 0.3 - 0.5 m L vi sinh vt tin nhn (khng c nhn tht), n bo. Cu to: T bo vi khun cng gm 3 phn l vch t bo, mng t bo v t bo cht.

Vch t bo vi khu n
Lm t bo c hnh dng c nh Cu to khc nhau gia vi khun gram (-) v gram (+) : Gram (-) ch yu cha lipopolysaccharid cn Gram (+) ch yu cha peptidoglican. Bn ngoi vch c lp nhy

Mng t bo vi khu n
Cu to bng lipoprotein C tnh bn thm Cha nhiu enzim cn cho hot ng sng ca t bo

T bo cht
Thiu lc lp v ti th Th nhn l nhim sc th (DNA dng vng), kch thc ln Plasmid (DNA si n, dng vng, kch thc nh v ti sinh c lp vi nhim sc th)

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Lng roi
Phn ln c lng roi, gip vi khun di ng C th 1 lng roi (Xanthomonas), 1 chm lng roi (Pseudomonas) u hoc lng roi bao quanh t bo (Erwinia).

c im sinh l ca vi khun gy bnh thc vt

Nhit thch hp: 20 300C (nhit gy cht 40 450C). C kh nng chu nng hoc lnh cao

Tri u ch ng do vi khu n
V t m, th i h ng, ho r (ho xanh), u sng,l lot

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2.3. Virus th c v t
Khong 1000 loi gy bnh thc vt Khng c cu to t bo, thng ch gm hai thnh phn chnh l acid nucleic v protein. Axit nucleic ca a s virut thc vt l ARN, mt s t l ADN.

2.3. Virus th c v t
Hnh thi : Hnh si , hnh gy, hnh chy, hnh nhng v hnh cu a din Kch thc rt nh (vi chc ti vi trm nm).

Ngun: Agrios, 2005

Cu to ca virus
V protein: To thnh t nhiu acid amin (alanin, acginin, sistein, glixin, lizin, lesin, triptophan, acid asparaginic, aicd glutamid) Aicd nucleid: ch yu l RNA (2500 - 10,000 nucleotides, a s 4,000 6,000 nucleotides )

Tng hp virus mi
Tho v gii phng b gen virus Tng hp protein virus Tng hp b gien mi ca virus

- Lp rp phn t virus mi

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Tng hp virus mi
Virus s d ng v t li u c a TB v t ch t ng h p protein v acid nucleid c a virus. S d ng nng l ng c a v t ch th c hi n qu trnh sinh t ng h p. S d ng b my t ng h p protein c a TB k ch (ribosome, tRNA v cc enzyme lin quan) t ng h p protein c a Virus. Qu trnh t ng h p protein d a trn mRNA c a virus.

Qu trnh ly nhi m c h c v s phn b c a virus trong cy (theo Agrios,2005)

m
Ch t t o v t

thng

TB b t n thng

Acid nucleic c avirrus

Bi u b S i lin bo Nhu m Nhn Virus i vo qua v t thng Tho v protein Acid nucleid cu virrus nhn ln trong t bo v di chuy n sang TB bn c nh qua s i lin bo

Nhu m

Trong b m ch ploem Acid nucleic ho c virus nguyn v n pht tn kh p cy theo dng nh a luy n

Acid nucleic ho c virus nguyn v n ti n t i b m ch ploem qua s i lin bo c a cc tb nhu m

Acidnucleid virus nhn ln trong cc t bo m i v pht tn sang cc TB ln c n.M t s l p rp thnh virus m i

S di chuy n c a virus trong t bo cy

- Virus di chuy n theo dng t bo ch t - Di chuy n theo ng v n chuy n cc ch t dinh d ng, n c,mu i khong - C u n i nguyn sinh ch t

Tri u ch ng do virus gy ra

di chuy n c a virus trong cy (Agrios, 2005)

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2.4. Tuy n trng k sinh

th c v t
T n cng h u h t cc loi th c v t Thi t h i > 10% s n l ng cy tr ng. c bi t l cc lo i cy lu nm. Kch th c: di 300m - 4 mm; r ng 15-35 m (Agrios, 2005) Cc b nh thng th ng nh t Vi t Nam l tuy n trng n t sng do cc loi thu c chi Meloidogyne v tuy n trng gy v t thng ni r do Pratylenchus v cc loi khc.

C u t o c th c a tuy n trng
Hu mn

- V cutin bao b c c th - H tiu ha - H sinh dc - H bi tit - H thn kinh - C

ui
V cutine

Ru t
T cung

u Kim ht
Kim ht i u gi a Bu ng tr ng

Tuy n tiu ha

Tuy n trng h i cy

Vi ht ca tuyn trng k sinh thc vt.

Tuyn trng gy bnh thc vt

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Tp tnh gy hi
Ngoi k sinh ngoi: Ton b c th bn ngoi r Bn ni k sinh: Ch phn u bn trong k ch Ni K sinh: c c th bn trong r ca k ch Ni k sinh di chuyn Ni k sinh c nh

Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

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Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

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Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

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Triu chng gy hi do tuyn trng

3.C ch gy b nh c a k sinh
Tip xc kh nhim trn b mt k ch. Xm nhp vo trong cy hoc t bo Thc hin qu trnh dinh dng k sinh sinh trng v sinh sn

Cc enzyme phn h y vch t bo.

Cutinase Pectinase Cellulase, hemicelulase Ligninase

Enzyme phn gii vt cht trong t bo k ch

Protease, peptidase, amylase, maltase, lipase, phospholipase... phn hy protein, cc hp cht carbonhydrate v cht bo

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c t c a tc nhn gy b nh
c t ch n l c c t khng ch n l c Git cht t bo (1) gii phng dinh dng cn cho tc nhn gy bnh hoc (2) ngn cn t bo thc hin cc phn ng phng th

Hocmon th c v t.
Auxin (IAA) Gibberellin (GA3) Cytokinin Ethylene

Qu trnh xm nhp ca tc nhn gy bnh vo trong cy v t bo

Xm nhp (penetration)ca nm vo trong cy Nm c th xm nhp vo trong cy bng si nm hoc bo t. Phn ln nm xm nhp bng bo t. Trc khi xm nhp, bo t phi tip xc vi b mt k ch. Gp iu kin thun li (m , nhit ), bo t nm ny mm thnh ng mm. Ty thuc loi nm, nm c th xm nhp vo bn trong cy trc tip hoc gin tip

Trc tip qua b mt k ch nguyn vn (ch ng)

Nhiu loi nm c th xm nhp trc tip qua b mt nguyn vn (l, r) ca cy k ch vo trong cy nh lc c hc v enzyme.

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S i n m ngo i KS

Tr c ti p b ng vi h t

Tr c ti p d i l p cutin

Tr c ti p b ng ng m m, gic bm v mc xm nh p

Bo t mt s loi nm, v d bo t ng nm Phytophthora (gy bnh thi gc r) Plasmodiophora brassicae (gy bnh sng r bp ci) ny mm thnh ng mm xm nhp trc tip qua b mt r. Bo t mt s loi nm, v d bo t phn sinh nm Alternaria (gy bnh m vng), ny mm thnh ng mm xm nhp trc tip qua tng cutin ca l. Trong qu trnh xm nhp trc tip, nm lun tit ra cc enzyme lm mm b mt to iu kin cho s xm nhp.

S xm nhp ca vi khun
Xm nhp th ng qua cc l m t nhin

Xm nh p c a virus
Qua v t thng vector

Nh vect

Nilaparvata lugens
Diaphorina citri Candidatus liberobacter asiaticus

B nh vng ln v ln xon l la do virus Rice Grassy Stunt Virus (RGSV) v RRSV (Rice Ragged Stunt Virus) gy ra

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The striped cucumber beetle (C) is one of two vectors of bacterial wilt off cucurbits (D).

Examples of insects serving as specific vectors of viruses. Aphids (A) are the most important specific vector of numerous plant viruses such as potato virus Y (B) Whiteflies (E) are the specific vectors of many devastating viruses, such as the tomato yellow leafcurl geminivirus (F). [Photographs courtesy of (A, B, E, and F) University of Florida and (C and D) H. Hibino.]

S xm nh p c a tuy n trng

Con ng lan truyn ca tc nhn gy bnh

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Phng tr bnh hi cy trng

Gi ng Canh tc Ha H c Sinh h c

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