Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MC LC
MC LC.........................................................................................................1
DANH MC CC BNG.................................................................................6
DANH MC CC HNH.................................................................................8
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT................................................................9
M U.........................................................................................................10
1. XUT X CA D N..............................................................................10
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT THC HIN NH GI TC
NG MI TRNG (TM)............................................................................11
2.1. Cn c php lut......................................................................................11
2.1.1 C s php l tin hnh nh gi tc ng mi trng..............................11
2.2. C s k thut...........................................................................................12
2.2.1. Ngun d liu d n lp................................................................................12
2.2.2. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho..................................................................12
2.2.3. Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam p dng.............................13
2.3. K thut v phng php p dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM........14
3. T CHC THC HIN XY DNG BO CO TM..........................14
CHNG 1.....................................................................................................17
M T TM TT D N............................................................................17
1.1. TN D N..............................................................................................17
1.2. CH U T..........................................................................................17
1.3. V TR A L CA D N..................................................................17
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N.......................................................18
1.4.1. Hin trng s dng khu t....................................................................18
1.4.2. Mc tiu, tnh cht ca d n.................................................................18
1.4.2.1. Mc tiu ca D n.............................................................................18
1.4.2,2 C s la chn phng n u t........................................................18
1.4.2.3 Phng n u t.................................................................................18
1.4.3. Cng sut v chng loi sn phm..........................................................19
1.4.3.1 Cng sut d n...................................................................................19
1.4.3.2 Chng loi sn phm............................................................................19
1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, in, nc, nhin liu...........................................19
1.4.4.1 Nhu cu nguyn liu.............................................................................19
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1. Danh mc cc my mc thit b ca d n.........................................24
Bng 2.1: K hiu v tr ly mu.........................................................................30
Bng 2.2: Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh ti khu vc D n...............30
Bng 2.3: V tr cc im ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu....................31
Bng 2.4: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt ca khu vc d n................31
Bng 2.5: V tr ly mu nc ngm...................................................................32
Bng 2.6: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu vc D n..................32
Bng 2.7: V tr ly mu t khu vc d n........................................................33
Bng 2.8: Cht lng t ti khu vc d n........................................................33
Bng 3.1. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy
dng..........................................................................................................................35
Bng 3.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi
trong giai on xy dng...........................................................................................36
Bng 3.3. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi
trong giai on hot ng..........................................................................................39
Bng 3.4. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng....42
Bng 3.5. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng.................42
Bng 3.6. H s pht thi v nng bi c tnh pht sinh trong qu trnh san
lp..............................................................................................................................44
Bng 3.7. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi sinh ra t cc phng tin
vn chuyn t thi cng............................................................................................46
Bng 3.8. Mc n sinh ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng trng
47
Bng 3.9. Mc n ca cc loi xe c gii...........................................................48
Bng 3.10. Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh.................................49
Bng 3.11. H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi
trng (nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l).............................................................50
Bng 3.12. Ti lng cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x
l) trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n.............................................................51
Bng 3.13. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot........................51
Bng 3.14. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim cha trong nc thi sinh hot cng
nhn v nc ma chy trn.....................................................................................52
Bng 3.15. nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng
d n..........................................................................................................................56
Bng 3.16. Ti lng nhim khng kh do phng tin giao thng trong giai
on hot ng ca d n.........................................................................................58
Bng 3.17. Ti lng nhim kh thi i vi l t.........................................59
Bng 3.18. Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l t cp nhit................60
Bng 3.19. Ti lng cc cht nhim kh t kh thi my pht in................61
Bng 3.20. Nng ca kh thi my pht in.................................................61
Bng 3.21. Ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua
x l) trong d n......................................................................................................63
Bng 3.22. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot........................64
Bng 3.23. Tm tt cc tc ng mi trng tng hp trong giai on hot ng
lu di ca d n.......................................................................................................69
Bng 3.24. tin cy ca cc phng php TM.............................................70
Bng 4.1. Nng cc cht nhim d kin sau khi qua khi h thng x l...
78
Bng 5.1. Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc phng chng v x l nhim...........87
DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1.1 S cng ngh sn xut ca nh my............................................22
Hnh 4.1. S h thng x l kh thi l t...................................................77
Hnh 4.2: Cu to b t hoi x l nc thi sinh hot.......................................81
Hnh 4.3. S nguyn l x l CTR ca d n................................................83
DANH MC T VIT TT
BOD5
BVMT
CBCNV
CHXHCN
COD
CTCC
CTR
CTNH
DO
T
TM
MPN
sinh).
NGTK
PCCC
Pt-Co
QL
SS
THC
UBND
VOC
XD
KHKT
TCVN
TNHH
WB
WHO
M U
1. XUT X CA D N
Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin c thnh lp theo giy chng
nhn ng k kinh doanh s 4404000029 do S k hoch v u t tnh Bnh Phc
cp ngy 26/9/2007 v ng k thay i ln 1 ngy 21/4/2009 vi ngnh ngh kinh
doanh chuyn sn xut gch inh, gch ng, kinh doanh vt liu xy dng v.v
Tnh Bnh Phc l tnh thuc khu vc min ng Nam B c ti lp nm
1997. Hin nay tnh nm trong vng vnh ai khu kin t trng im pha Nam, do
c tc tng trng dn c ln, ch yu t cc tnh khu vc pha Bc v min
Trung v sinh sng v tm kim vic lm, nn nhu cu xy dng c bn (XDCB)
rt ln, c bit l cc tr s ca cc doanh nghip, cc cng trnh thuc ngun vn
ngn sch dng cho xy dng cc cng trnh phc v nhu cu x hi ha, nhu cu
xy dng nh ca dn chng.
Trc thc trng trn v c s khuyn khch ca UBND tnh, UBND
huyn, Cng ty TNHH MTV-SXTM Hong Thin c thnh lp, vi mc tiu
chnh sn xut gch inh v gch ng, kinh doanh xut nhp khu vt liu xy
dng ti huyn Lc Ninh, nhm gii quyt c nhu cu xy dng ngy cng cao
tnh nh v cc vng ln cn nh huyn Ph Gio, Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng,
ng thi mang li vic lm cho cc lao ng a phng.
Mt khc, Cng ty c a im kinh doanh, v tr a l ht sc thun tin, c
th cung cp sn phm i cc a bn dc theo Quc l 13 n Lc Ninh, B p
hoc theo hng ngc li Bnh Long Chn Thnh, huyn Bn Ct, Ph Gio,
TX. Th Du Mt, tnh Binh Dng. Theo Quc l 14 n TX. ng Xoi, Phc
Long, B ng c ngun nguyn liu t st di do, m bo sn xut lu di.
Theo s liu thng k th kh nng sn xut ti ch cc loi nguyn vt liu
xy dng nh gch, ngi ch p ng c 10% nhu cu, phn cn li do cc
doanh nghip ngoi tnh cung cp. p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao trong xy
dng ti thi im hin ti v tng lai. Cng ty tin hnh u t xy dng nh
my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm.
Thc hin Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Th tng Chnh
ph v hng dn thi hnh lut bo v mi trng, Ngh nh 21/2008/CP ngy
28/02/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v chnh sa, b sung mt s iu Ngh nh
80/2006/N-CP, Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng, nhm tng cng cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng
trong pht trin kinh t x hi, Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin
phi hp vi Cng ty C phn u t pht trin cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh
Dng t chc lp Bo co nh gi Tc ng Mi trng (TM) cho D n Xy
dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynen cng sut 50 triu vin gch/nm do S Ti
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
10
11
12
13
Phng php thng k, lp bng s liu: S dng thu thp, phn tch v
x l mt cch h thng cc ngun s liu v iu kin t nhin, mi trng v
kinh t - x hi ti khu vc d n v ln cn, cng nh cc ngun s liu phc v
cho nh gi tc ng v xut cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu tc ng mi
trng ca d n.
Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th
nghim: S dng thu mu, phn tch v o c cc thng s thc t v hin
trng cht lng mi trng t nhin (t, khng kh, n, vi kh hu) ti khu vc
d n v ln cn phc v cho vic nh gi tc ng mi trng, xy dng cc
chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng ca d n.
Phng php nh gi nhanh nhim theo cc h s nhim do T chc
Y t Th gii (WHO) v Cc bo v mi trng M (US-EPA) thit lp: S dng
c tnh nhanh ti lng, lu lng v nh gi nng ca cc cht gy nhim
t cc hot ng khc nhau ca d n, phc v cho vic nh gi tc ng mi
trng, ng thi s dng nh gi v hiu qu ca cc bin php khng ch,
gim thiu tc ng mi trng theo cc ch dn k thut ca WHO a ra.
Phng php ma trn tc ng: S dng thit lp v phn tch mi
quan h nh tnh gia cc hot ng v quy m, mc tc ng mi trng ca
d n, ng thi chn lc v nh gi cc tc ng mi trng quan trng ch
yu ca d n.
Phng php so snh vi tiu chun, quy chun mi trng: S dng
nh gi mc tc ng mi trng ca d n trn c s so snh vi cc mc gii
hn quy nh trong cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam ban hnh p
dng (so snh vi ngng chu ti v cc tnh cht vt l, ha hc v sinh hc ca
mi trng).
Phng php chuyn gia: S dng tham kho cc kinh nghim nh gi
tc ng mi trng ca cc d n u t tng t nhm sng lc, loi b cc
phng n nh gi tc ng t kh thi, cng nh xut cc bin php khng ch,
gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng quan trng ca d n mt cch kh thi v hiu
qu.
Phng php tham kho kt qu nghin cu trong nc: S dng nh
gi tc ng mi trng v nh gi hiu qu ca cc bin php khng ch, gim
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
14
15
CHNG 1
M T TM TT D N
1.1. TN D N
XY DNG NH MY SN XUT GCH TUYNEL
CNG SUT 50 TRIU VIN/NM
1.2. CH D N
Ch u t: CNG TY TNHH MTV SX TM HONG THIN.
a ch tr s chnh: p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh
Phc.
in thoi: 0945.183.333.
i din: ng Hong nh Trung.
Chc v: Gim c.
Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s: 4404000029 do S k hoch v
u t tnh Bnh Phc cp ngy 26/09/2007 v ng k thay i ln th 1 ngy
21/04/2009, thay i ln 2 giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s 3800381656
ngy 07/09/2010.
Ngnh, ngh kinh doanh: sn xut gch inh, gch ng, kinh doanh vt liu
xy dng v.v
a im thc hin: p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh
Phc.
Hin nay, Cng ty ang tin hnh u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch
Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm. V th, chng ti tin hnh nh gi tc ng
mi trng cho d n u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50
triu vin/nm.
1.3. V TR A L CA D N
D n u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynen cng sut 50 triu
vin/nm c tin hnh xy dng ti p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh
Bnh Phc nm cnh quc l 13, cch trung tm huyn Lc Ninh khong 10 km v
hng Ty Bc. Khu t xy dng Nh my cch m st Bu A5 11 km ti p Ch
L, x Lc Thnh, Huyn Lc Ninh, Tnh Bnh Phc.
V gii hn khng gian, khu t cng trnh c tng din tch l 26.057,7 m2
c gii hn bi:
Pha Bc : gip vi ng quy hoch 18m;
Pha Nam : ng quy hoch 12m v cng ty Tn Trng;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
16
17
18
19
20
Bui, CTR
Bi ngm t
st
My nghin sng
than
Kho cha t st
qua ngm
My cp liu
thng
My nghin xa
lun
Ting n
My cn th
Ting n
My cn mn
Ting n
My nho lc
Ting n
My nho n
chn khng
Ting n
My ct gch
Ting n,
CTR
Bi, CTR
Bi, CTR
Bi, CTR
Khu vc phi
sy t nhin
H thng l nung
hm sy
Khi thai
Sn thnh phm
San phm
h
Vn chuyn tiu
th sn phm
Hnh 1.1 S cng ngh sn xut ca nh my
Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut:
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
Bui, CTR
21
22
Nm
Tnh trng
23
Stt
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
v
Thit b ch to hnh
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
50
Bng ti gch mc
Ci
20
Ci
Ci
Ci
Ci
My ct gch CT 1200
Ci
Xe bn ch gch mc
Ci
20
Vn chuyn thit b
Ci
Thit b l nung hm
Ci
12 My nghin than NB
3.0
13
My mi qu cn MQC
14
15
16
B
lng sn xut
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
Vit
Nam
Vit
Nam
i
Loan
i
sn
xut
thit b
mi (%)
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2009
100%
2010
100%
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
sy
Qut ht kh thi l
nung
Loan
Vit
Ci
3
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut ht tun hon
Ci
2
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut khuy hm sy
Ci
1
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut thu hi kh nng
Ci
2
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut cp kh cui l
Ci
2
2010
100%
Nam
Ca ko bng ti TK
i
Ci
3
2010
100%
500
Loan
Kch thy lc l nung
i
Ci
1
2009
100%
60T/1500
Loan
Kch thy lc hm sy
i
Ci
1
2009
100%
40T/1500
Loan
i
Ti ko goong TK 2000
Ci
2
2009
100%
Loan
i
Xe ph in XPD 16 6 Ci
2
2009
100%
Loan
My nng than TK
i
Ci
1
209
100%
750
Loan
Khung thp xe goong
Vit
Ci
60
2005
100%
bnh gang XG 2.6x2.6
Nam
Vit
Qut ht kh thi l sy
Ci
1
2009
100%
Nam
Xe thng ch gch i
Vit
Ci
6
2009
100%
tiu th
Nam
Vit
H thng van
Ci
1
2009
100%
Nam
Vit
Vn chuyn thit b
Ci
1
2009
100%
Nam
Xe nng
Ci
2
Nht
2005
100%
Trung
Xe ben
Ci
2
2005
100%
quc
Trung
Xe cuc
Ci
2
2005
100%
quc
Ngun: Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin, 2010
1.5.2.2. Cc hng mc xy dng cng trnh
25
26
CHNG 2
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V
KINH T - X HI TI KHU VC THC HIN D N
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1. iu kin a l a cht1
2.1.1.1. a hnh
a hnh vng lnh th tnh Bnh Phc c th xp vo loi cao nguyn pha
Bc v ng Bc, a dng a hnh, l i ni, thp dn t pha ng Bc v pha
Ty v Ty Nam do l vng chuyn tip t cao nguyn vi ng bng. Pha ng
Bc l i ni, c cao trung bnh 450-500m so vi mt nc bin, cao nht l ni
B R 733m, pha Ty Bc gm nhng dy ni thp v i ln song vi cao
ph bin 20-30m, cn li l t bng phng.
a hnh khu vc trin khai d n tng i bng phng, tuy nhin do ng
Quc l 13 cao hn khu t bnh qun 30cm, nn khi xy dng bt buc phi san
lp mt bng sao cho cao bng hoc cao hn Quc l 13, nhm m bo thot nc,
trnh ngp ng v thun li cho vic lu thong ra vo cng ty.
2.1.1.2. a cht
(1). a tng:
t Feralit vng xm, pht trin trn nn t ph sa c, t hi cht, thnh
phn c gii tht pha ct, t l ct 50-70%, t l ln b mt < 10%, kh nng chu
lc theo kt qu kho st ton vng ca S Xy Dng l t 2.93.5kgN/cm2. Nh
vy, vi iu kin a cht nh trn hon ton m bo cho vic xy dng nh cng
nghip, khng phi gia c nn mng cng trnh.
(2). a cht cng trnh:
Tham kho kt qu phn tch ca d n m t st, khu vc d n c a cht
cng trnh gm cc lp nh sau:
Lp 1: bt st t ct mu xm trng, trng thi do cng, b dy trung bnh l
0,9m.
Lp 2: st ln kt vn laterit mu xm, loang l nu , trng thi na cng,
b dy t 0,5 1,9m.
1
27
28
29
30
Ch tiu
n v
Kt qu
QCVN
09:2008/BTNMT
pH
6,8
5,5 8,5
cng
mg/l
219
500
TDS
mg/l
429
1.500
COD
mg/l
1,5
4
Amoni
mg/l
0,03
0,1
Nitrit
mg/l
0,43
1,0
Nitrat
mg/l
3,67
15
Asen
mg/l
KPH
0,05
Mangan
mg/l
0,21
0,5
Tng
MPN/100m
KPH
3
Coliform
l
Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, thng 09/2010
Nhn xt: So snh kt qu phn tch vi Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc
ngm - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT cho thyCc ch tiu kim loi u t tiu chun
cho php. Nc ngm c s dng trong sinh hot, n ung.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
31
Ch
tiu
Mn
Pb
As
Cu
Zn
Cd
n v
Kt qu mu
D01
QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT
%
2,17
mg/kg t kh
1,05
120
mg/kg t kh
0,03
12
mg/kg t kh
10,9
70
mg/kg t kh
0,27
200
mg/kg t kh
0,05
5
Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, thng 09/2010.
32
33
T chc khm cha bnh cho 11.415 lt ngi. Trong , khm bo him cho
ngi ln, bo him tr em 1916 lt. T chc iu tr ngoi tr 90 ngi, ngoi tr
16 ngi, chuyn tuyn 22 ngi, phi hp khm ngha v qun s cho 40 thanh
nin phc v cng tc tuyn qun nm 2009.
34
CHNG 3
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.1. NGUN TC NG
3.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on san lp mt bng v xy
dng cng trnh
3.1.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi
Giai on chun b xy dng, san lp mt bng, xy dng h thng giao thng
trong ni b, cc cng trnh d n, h thng cung cp in, nc, thng tin lin lc,
xy dng h thng cp thot nc, bn bi, h thng thu gom rc thi, trng cy
xanh, thm c. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on
xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on
xy dng
S Cc hot ng
Ngun gy tc ng
Tc nhn gy tc
Stt
ng
1 Gii ta, san lp - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu xy - Pht sinh kh thi
mt bng
dng, ct, , st thp, ng nh SO2, NOx, CO,
cng, ct in, ng dy, THC, bi v ting
trm bin in, thit b my n.
mc
- Cc my mc phc v thi
cng xy dng: ba my, cn - Pht sinh kh thi
nh SO2, NOx, CO,
cu,
- Qu trnh thi cng c gia THC, bi v ting
n.
nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy
- Nhit, CO2, tia la
in,
2 Xy dng h - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu - Pht sinh kh thi
thng cp thot XD, t, ct, ,
nh SO2, NOx, CO,
nc, thu gom
THC, bi v ting
cht thi rn, - Qu trnh thi cng c gia n.
cc cng trnh nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy. - Nhit, CO2, tia la
phc v d n
in,
3 Vn
chuyn - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu - Pht sinh kh thi
nguyn vt liu, XD, t, ct, ,
nh SO2, NOx, CO,
thit b phc v
THC, bi v ting
d n.
n.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
35
36
37
38
39
40
Do cc trng hp s c ny c th xy ra bt k lc no, nn Ch u t bo
m p dng cc bin php phng chng, khng ch hiu qu nhm hn ch ti a
cc tc ng tiu cc ny.
(3). S c tai nn giao thng
S c tai nn giao thng c th xy ra bt k lc no trong qu trnh thi cng,
gy thit hi v ti sn v tnh mng. Nguyn nhn c th do phng tin vn
chuyn khng m bo k thut hoc do cng nhn iu khin khng ch hoc
khng tun th cc nguyn tc an ton giao thng. S c ny hon ton phng trnh
c bng cch kim tra tnh trng k thut cc phng tin vn ti m bo an
ton giao thng, tuyn truyn nng cao thc chp hnh lut l giao thng cho cng
nhn iu khin.
3.1.3.2. Nhng ri ro trong giai on hot ng
(1). S c tai nn lao ng
Tai nn lao ng c th xy ra khi cc nh my ang hot ng. Nguyn nhn
ch yu l bao gm:
Bt cn ca cng nhn trong vn hnh my mc, thit b;
Tnh trng sc kho ca cng nhn khng tt: ng gt trong lc lm vic,
lm vic qu sc gy chong,
(2). S c r r nhin liu
S c r r nhin liu dng lng hay kh khi xy ra s gy ra nhng tc hi ln
(nht l r r cc hp cht dng kh) nh gy c cho con ngi, ng thc vt, gy
chy, n, ... Cc s c loi ny c th dn ti thit hi ln v kinh t - x hi cng
nh h sinh thi trong khu vc v cc vng ln cn.
(3). S c chy n
S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin
liu, h thng cp in gp s c, gy nn cc thit hi v ngi v ca trong qu
trnh thi cng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh sau:
Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu (xng, du DO, du FO, ...) l cc ngun
gy chy n. Khi s c xy ra c th gy ra thit hi c v ngi, kinh t v mi
trng;
H thng cp in cho cc nh my c th gy ra s c git, chp, chy n,
gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho cng nhn;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
41
Do cc trng hp s c ny c th xy ra bt k lc no, nn Ch u t bo
m p dng cc bin php phng chng, khng ch hiu qu nhm hn ch ti a
cc tc ng tiu cc ny.
3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG
3.2.1. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng
i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong bng
3.4.
Bng 3.4. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng.
Stt i tng b tc ng
Quy m b tc ng
1 Thm thc vt
Ton b thm thc vt trong din tch 17.920
ha ca khu t d n.
2 t ai
Ton b t ai trong khu vc d n.
3 ng giao thng
Khong hn 30 km quc l 13 v ng giao
thng quy hoch.
4 Bu kh quyn khu vc Bn knh nh hng khong 3 km tnh t tm
d n
khu t d n.
5 Knh rch gn khu vc Sui nh cch nh xng 1.700 m v pha ty
d n
6 Cng nhn
Ton b cng nhn trn cng trng.
7 Nhn dn a phng
Cc h dn gn khu vc d n.
3.2.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on vn hnh hot ng
i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng ca d n c a ra
trong bng 3.5.
Bng 3.5. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng
Stt
i tng b tc ng
Quy m b tc ng
1 Mi trng khng kh khu vc
Bn knh nh hng khong 3km tnh
t tm khu vc d n
2 Knh, rch gn khu vc thc hin Sui nh tip nhn mt lng ln
d n
nc ma chy trn qua khu vc d
n cng nh nc thi sinh hot ca
cn b cng nhn vin trong khu vc
d n.
3 ng giao thng
Cc ng giao thng quy hoch
trong khu vc d n; Cc ng giao
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
42
4 Cng nhn
5 C dn a phng
3.3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng
3.3.1.1. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh
Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n
nh c trnh by trong bng 3.1 trn sinh ra cc tc nhn gy nhim mi
trng khng kh nh sau:
Bi do o p t ct san lp mt bng;
Bi pht sinh do qu trnh vn chuyn v bc d:
+ Khi lng thc vt do pht quang mt bng;
+ Ct, t phc v cng tc san lp mt bng;
+ Nguyn vt liu phc v xy dng (, ct, xi mng, st, vv..);
+ Thit b my mc phc v xy dng cc cng trnh ca nh my;
Bi, hi xng du pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn,
vt liu;
Bi than v cc cht kh SO2, NO2, CO, THC do khi thi ca xe ti vn
chuyn t ct san lp, khi thi xe c gii vn chuyn cy ci, ct, t, , vt liu,
thit b, nhin liu..., khi thi ca cc thit b my mc phc v xy dng (ba
my, xe cu,...);
Nhin, nguyn vt liu ri vi (ct, , xi mng, xng du, sn,);
Bc x nhit t cc qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit, khi hn (nh qu trnh
ct, hn st thp; ct, hn lp rp thit b; t nng chy Bitum tri nha
ng ...);
Ting n, rung do cc phng tin giao thng vn chuyn, cc my mc
thit b;
Mi hi pht sinh t khu v sinh tm ca cng nhn, t ni tp trung cht
thi sinh hot ca cng nhn.
Cc tc nhn trn gy nhiu tc ng, nh hng n mi trng v sc khe
cng nhn. Trong , tc ng do bi, kh thi phng tin giao thng vn chuyn
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
43
44
*
: Ti lng (kg/ngy) = Tng ti lng bi (kg)/ S ngy thi cng
(ngy)
S ngy thi cng san lp mt bng l 20 ngy;
**
: H s ti lng bi b mt (g/m2/ngy )= Ti lng (kg/ngy) x 103
/ Din tch (m2)
Din tch mt bng d n cn san lp l 9000 m2;
***
: Nng trung bnh (mg/m3) = Ti lng (kg/ngy) x 106 / 24 / V
3
(m )
Th tch tc ng trn mt bng d n V = S x H vi S = 30.000 m2 v H =
10 m (v chiu cao o cc thng s kh tng l 10 m) ;
Theo bng 3.6, h s pht thi bi b mt v nng bi trung bnh c gi tr
rt cao (3,24 g/m2/ngy v 4,8575 mg/m3). Nu so snh vi QCVN 05-2009 (trung
bnh 0,3 mg/m3) th nng bi trung bnh pht sinh trn khu vc d n trong qu
trnh chun b mt bng xy dng vt rt xa so vi tiu chun cho php. Tuy
nhin, trong thc t nng bi l lng cc i trn khu vc d n s thp rt hn
nhiu do lng bi lng s nhanh chng lng t trn b mt din tch d n. Bn
cnh do b mt thong rng vi gi thi u, tc ng nh hng nhim do bi
s gim mnh theo bn knh pht tn bi (khong 3.000 m) v nm trong mc tiu
chun cho php.
c). nhim do bi t cc cng on thi cng xy dng khc
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, bi cn pht sinh do qu trnh vn chuyn
v bc d t ct, nguyn nhin vt liu, thit b my mc thi cng xy dng. Ngoi
ra bi cn pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn, vt liu. Tuy
nhin, do phn ln khi lng t ct, thit b my mc c vn chuyn bng
ng b v trn nhng on ng t dn c nn lng bi pht sinh trong qu
trnh vn chuyn khng gy nh hng nhiu n dn c. Tc ng ca bi ch nh
hng cc b ti ni bc d, pht sinh gin on v pht tn trn din tch rng
17.920 m2 nn tc ng khng ln. Ngoi ra, Ch u t s p dng cc bin php
gim thiu bi v trang b y phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nn
tc ng s cng c gim nh.
Tm li, tc ng nh hng do bi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng l
mc cho php. Song, v y l dng bi lng trn b mt v s pht tn mnh khi
c gi lc, dng git, nn Ch u t p dng cc bin php gim thiu bi v bo
m y trang b bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nhm bo v an ton sc khe
v nng lc lm vic ca cng nhn thi cng.
45
46
47
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
My trn b tng
75,0 - 88,0
Bm b tng
80,0 - 83,0
My p b tng
85,0
Cn trc di ng
76,0 - 87,0
My pht in
72,0 - 82,5
My nn
75,0 - 87,0
Ba chn v my khoan
81,0 - 98,0
My ng cc
95,0 - 106,0
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Trong khi , mc n cc i ca cc loi xe c gii c tng hp theo cc
ti liu k thut v trnh by nh trong bng 3.10 di y.
Bng 3.9. Mc n ca cc loi xe c gii.
Stt
Loi xe
Mc n (dBA)
01
Xe du lch
77
02
Xe mini bus
84
03
Xe vn ti
93
04
Xe m t 4 th
94
05
Xe m t 2 th
80
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Theo bng ny, th n cc i ca cc loi xe vn ti (93 dBA) cng vt
qu tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c. Do , Ch u t p dng cc bin
php khng ch nhim ting n do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti, nht l khi
i ngang qua khu vc dn c, gim thiu tc ng nhim do ting n ca cc
xe vn ti i vi khu vc dn c trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n.
(4). nh gi tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh
Cc tc ng xu ti cht lng mi trng khng kh trn khu vc d n do
hot ng thi cng khai hoang, xy dng
Bi sinh ra do hot ng pht quang, n h cy rng, san i ph hu thm
thc vt xy dng nh kho, nh ngh cng nhn, gy nhim cc b mi trng
khng kh trn khu vc d n.
Kh thi sinh ra do hot ng thu gom, vn chuyn cy, gc, cnh v l cy
ra khi khu vc d n, a v a im tp kt thi b quy nh v my pht in.
Mi hi do qu trnh x l t bng vi bt, thuc tr c, tr su hoc do
phn hy nc thi sinh hot, rc thi sn xut v sinh hot cng nhn.
Ting n pht sinh do cc hot ng khai hoang mt bng, x l t, xy
dng nh kho, nh ngh cng nhn v my pht in trn khu vc d n.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
48
(1). nhim do nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn thi cng xy dng
49
50
Stt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Cht nhim
Ti lng (kg/ngy)
BOD5
9,0 10,8
COD
14,4 20,4
Cht rn l lng (SS)
14,0 29,0
Du m
2,0 6,0
Tng nit (N)
1,2 2,4
Amoni (N-NH4)
0,48 0,96
Tng photpho (P)
0,16 0,8
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton da trn ti
lng nhim, lu lng nc thi v hiu sut x l ca b t hoi (2 ngn), kt
qu c trnh by trong bng 3.13.
Bng 3.13. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot.
Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l)
X l bng
QCVN
Stt
Cht nhim
Khng qua
b t hoi (2 14:2008/BTNMT
X l
ngn)
(ct B)
01 pH
59
02 BOD5
468 562
188 225
50
03 COD
750 1.062
300 425
80
04 Cht rn l lng (SS)
729 1.510
292 604
100
05 Du m
104,2 312,5 41,7 125,0
20
06 Tng nit (N)
62,5 125,0
25,0 50,0
10
07 Amoni (N-NH4)
25 50
10 20
30
08 Tng photpho (P)
8,33 41,66 3,33 16,67
6
Tng coliform
09
106 109
108
5.000
(MPN/100ml)
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Ghi ch : Quy chun p dng : QCVN 14 : 2008 quy chun k thut quc gia
v nc thi sinh hot
Nhn xt: So snh vi tiu chun c th thy rng, khi nc thi cha qua x
l hoc a qua x l s b bng b t hoi (2 ngn), th cc ch tiu nhim u
vt tiu chun cho php.
Tuy nhin, do iu kin thi cng trong thi gian ngn, iu kin mt bng c
kh khn v phc tp trn cng trng, nn Ch d n ch thc hin bin php
khng ch nhim nc thi sinh hot bng cch s dng cc b t hoi hai ngn
t thm. iu ny c th chp nhn c v lu lng v ti lng nhim trong
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
51
Yu t
Cc cht hu c
Cht rn l lng
Cc cht dinh dng (N, P)
Tc ng
- Gim nng xy ho tan trong nc;
- nh hng n ti nguyn thy sinh.
- nh hng n cht lng nc, ti nguyn
thy sinh.
- Gy hin tng ph dng, nh hng ti
cht lng nc, s sng thy sinh;
52
53
54
55
56
s
S
w
365 p
W
0,7
0,5
L = 1,7k[---------]x[--------]x[---------] x [----------] x[-----------]
365
12
48
4
2,7
Trong :
57
58
ra do cc phng tin giao thng cao hn Tiu chun nhiu ln (ty thuc vo cht
lng mt ng), nng cc thng s khc t Tiu chun.
Ch d n s p dng trit cc bin php k thut v qun l nhm hn ch
nhim do qu trnh thi cng xy dng D n.
(3) nhim khng khi lo nung Tuynel
Gch sau khi sy bung sy c m 6%, c chuyn sang l nung tuynel nh
h thng bn thy lc. Nhit nung khong 900 - 9500c.
Mt s c trng ca l nung tuynel nh sau
Nhu cu than cm: 3.400 tn/nm, trong 85% lng s dng c phi trn vi
gch mc, 15% dng t ngoi.
Chiu cao ng khi: 16m.
ng knh ng khi : 1.5m
Thi gian hot ng: 330 ngy/nm, 24h/ngy.
a. Ti lng nhim l nung
Da vo h s nhim ca t chc y t th gii c th c tnh ti lng cc cht
nhim trong kh thi ca l t trong bng 3.17.
Bng 3.17 Ti lng nhim kh thi i vi l t
STT Thng s nhim
H s nhim (kg/tn sp)
Ti lng nhim
1
Bi
0,34A
10,52
2
SO2
3,65S
2,82
3
NO2
0,73
1,29
4
CO
0,71
1,25
5
THC
0,008
0,01
6
HF
0,5
0,77
Ghi ch: hm lng S trong than 0,5%.Hm lng tro trung bnh A chim 20%
Kt qu tnh ton ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l nung theo
phng php nh gi nhanh ca WHO bng 3.17 c th chp nhn c i vi
cc ch tiu bi, SO2, NO2, CO, THC v chng c thng k t nhiu ngun thi
trn cng loi than.
H s nhim HF ca WHO a ra 0,5 kg/tn sn phm hay tng ng
0,035% trng lng nguyn liu st nung (quy i 1,87 tn st cho ra 1 tn sn
phm, t trng st d =1,72), trong trng hp ny khng ph hp vi cht lng t
st ca tnh Bnh Phc, bi v theo kt qu phn tch thnh phn st Bnh Phc
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
59
60
Ghi ch :
Nm3 Th tch kh quy v iu kin tiu chun.
Nhn xt: So snh kt qu vi tiu chun TCVN 5939 - 1995, ct B cho thy: nng
NO2, CO trong kh thi l nung tuynel t tiu chun cho php. Ring nng
bi, SO2 v HF vt tiu chun 14 ln, 1,4 v 1,6 ln tng ng
(4) nhim bi trong cng on bc d sn phm
Bi l lng trong cng on ny pht sinh v nh hng khng ng k v cc l do
sau y:
- Qu trnh tho d sn phm ra khi l c c gii ha ti a.
- Gch ly ra c lm ngui xung nhit bnh thng cng on thu hi
nhit cho l sy trc khi ra l.
- C ly xp chuyn gch t gong nung n ni tp kt ngn nn bi pht sinh
trong khi vn chuyn khng ng k.
- Ti khu vc bi cha thnh phm vic bc d ch yu l th cng nn khng
trnh khi pht sinh bi, tuy nhin loi bi ny c kch thc ln nn khng
pht tn i xa v khng c kh nng gy nh hng ng k n sc khe
ca ngi cng nhn nu c trang b tt dng c bo h lao ng nh
knh, gng tay, khu trang.
(5) nhim do kh thi bung sy
Gch mc trc khi a vo l nung tuynel c a vo l sy nhm lm
gim m cua gch mc t 16-17% xung cn 6%. Nguyn tc hot ng
ca bung sy ny l s dng nhit d t khu vc lm ngui sn phm ca l nung
tuynel nn trong thnh phn kh thi khng cha cc cht nhim. Kh nng c
tun hon trong bung ssays nh h thng qut t ng o chiu trn nc bung.
Kh thi trao i nhit trc tip vi gch m s h nhit t 1500c xung 400c v
c thot ra ngoi theo ng khi cao 16m, ng knh 1,5m. Nh vy, sau thi
gian sy nng gch thnh phn cua kh thi khi cha ch yu l hi nc t gch
mc, do vy d s dng ng khi cao 16m phat tn kh thi ra ngoi l t yu
cu.
(6). nhim khng kh t kh HF t t st nung
Kh HF l mt tc nhn nhim quan trng trong qu trnh nung gch vi
ngun nguyn liu l t st.
a s cy n qu rt nhy i vi HF, khi tip xc vi nng HF ln hn
0,002 mg/m3 th l cy b chy m, tn thng nng dn n rng l (Ngoi tr
mt s cy rt bn vng vi kh HF l c chua, hng dng, mng tre, la).
Khng kh b nhim bi HF v cc hp cht ca fluorua gy nh hng trc
tip n i sng sinh vt v sc khe ca con ngi. Cc hp cht fluorua gy ra
bnh fluoruasis trn h xng v rng.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
61
62
CO
53,5
92,5
1000
Ghi ch : Nm3 : Th tch kh quy v iu kin tiu chun
QCVN 19 2009 : Cht lng khng kh Quy chun k thut quc gia v
kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c.
Nhn xt: So snh nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in vi
quy chun kh thi (QCVN 19 - 2009) cho thy nng SO2 cao hn Tiu chun
3,7 ln. Nng cc cht nhim khc u nm trong gii hn cho php. V vy
cn phi c bin php qun l trong vic pht thi khi thi t my pht in d
phng.
(8). nh gi mc nhim nhit
nhim nhit ti D n pht sinh t ch yu ti cc khu vc l nung. Theo kt
qu o c cc yu t vi kh hu trong mi trng lao t nhiu c s sn sut gch
do Vin K thut Nhit i v Bo v Mi trng thc hin cho thy: nhit khu
vc l nung dao ng trong khong 30-350C ty thuc vo iu kin thi tit bn
ngoi.
Thng thng, vo nhng ngy nng nng nhit ti khu vc xng sn
xut thng cao hn tiu chun cho php t 1-30c (Tiu chun v sinh cng nghip
Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-BYT10/10/2002: 18-320C). Nh vy ti khu vc ny,
D n s phi tng cng cc bin php lm mt cc b, gii nhit bng nc gii
kht c b sung thm ng v mui khong cho cng nhn.
(9). nh gi mc nhim do ting n v rung ng
Ting n v rung cng l ngun gy nhim khng kh kh quan trng v
c th gy ra cc nh hng xu n mi trng v trc ht l n sc khe ca
ngi lao ng trc tip, sau l ti sc kho khu vc dn c xung quanh d n.
Ting n lm gim nng sut lao ng, lm gim thnh lc, dn ti bnh ic ngh
nghip. rung nh hng quan trng ti nng lc v chnh xc trong tc
nghip lao ng, gim th lc v thch lc, d gy ra s c tai nn lao ng. V vy,
cn ch n cc bin php chng n, rung ti nh my. Tiu chun ting n trong
khu dn c l 60 dBA vo ban ngy v 45 - 55 dBA vo ban m, trong khu vc sn
xut l 90 dBA.
(10) D bo mc v phm vi nhim do kh thi ca nh my n mi
trng khng kh xung quanh.
63
64
Bng 3.21. Ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha
qua x l) trong d n.
Stt
Cht nhim
Khi lng
Ti lng (kg/ngy)
(g/ngi/ngy)
01 BOD5
45 54
6,75 8,10
02 COD
72 102
10,80 15,30
03 SS
70 145
10,50 21,75
04 Du m phi khong
10 30
1,50 4,50
05 Tng N
6 12
0,90 1,80
06 N-NH4
2,4 4,8
0,36 0,72
07 Tng P
0,8 4,0
0,12 0,60
c). Nng nc thi
65
66
67
c). Cc cht hu c
Cc cht hu c ch yu trong nc thi l Carbohydrate. y l hp cht d
b vi sinh vt phn hu bng c ch s dng oxy ho tan trong nc oxy ho cc
hp cht hu c. Vic nhim hu c s dn n suy gim nng DO trong nc
do vi sinh vt s dng oxy ho tan phn hu cc cht hu c. Oxy ho tan gim
s gy tc hi nghim trng n ti nguyn thu sinh. Tiu chun cht lng nc
nui c, FAO quy nh nng oxy ho tan (DO) trong nc phi cao hn 50 % gi
tr bo ho (tc cao hn 4 mg/l 250C).
d). Cht rn l lng
Cht rn l lng cng l tc nhn gy nh hng tiu cc n ti nguyn thu
sinh ng thi gy tc hi v mt cm quan (tng c ngun nc) v gy bi
lng cho ngun nc m n trc tip thi ra.
e). Cc cht dinh dng (N, P)
Cc cht dinh dng gy hin tng ph dng ngun nc, nh hng ti
cht lng nc, s sng thu sinh.
f). kim
Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam v nc thi (QCVN 24 : 2009) qui nh i
vi nc thi khi thi vo cc ngun nc tip nhn loi B gi tr pH t 5 - 9.
g). Tc hi ca cc loi vi khun gy bnh
Nc c ln cc loi vi khun gy bnh thng l nguyn nhn ca cc dch
bnh thng hn, ph thng hn, l, t. Tu iu kin m vi khun c sc chu
ng mnh hay yu. Cc ngun nc thin nhin thng c mt s loi vi khun
thng xuyn sng trong nc hoc mt s vi khun ca t nhim vo. Coliform
l nhm vi khun ng rut hnh que hiu kh hoc k kh tu tin v c bit l
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli). E. coli l mt loi vi khun c nhiu trong phn ngi,
phn ng vt. Ngoi ra, E. Coli cn c tm thy trong mi trng t v nc b
nhim phn. Ch tiu phn tch s lng E.Coli l ch tiu rt quan trng trong nc
cp.
3.3.2.3. Tc ng ca cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn
(1). Cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi
Do st ri vi trong qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn liu, xc bc v cc sn
phm h, hng pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut v vn chuyn. Khi lng ph
phm c tnh chung l 8% cng sut thit k. Vi tng khi lng gch ra l 1
nm l 65.000 tn th lng gch ph thi pht sinh trong 1 ngy l 14,5 tn .
68
69
(2). Tc ng tiu cc
Cng vi nhng li ch to ln v tng trng kinh t - x hi, th s hnh thnh
v pht trin ca d n cng s gy ra nhng nh hng tiu cc nh:
Lm thay i iu kin sinh hot, vic lm, thu nhp ca nhn dn a
phng;
Gia tng dn s c hc trong khu vc, gy ra nhiu vn phc tp trong
pht trin vn ha v bo m trt t tr an ti khu vc d n.
Ch u t phi hp cht ch vi cc c quan chc nng tng bc gii
quyt trit cc vn mi trng pht sinh v gim thiu cc tc ng tiu
cc ca d n.
3.3.2.5. nh gi s c mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng
(1). Nguyn nhn ny sinh
Cc s c do hot ng ca D n ch yu l chy, n ti khu vc l nung,
trm in.
S c chy, n trong qu trnh hot ng c th do : Vic vn hnh cc thit b
my mc khng ng quy trnh k thut, quy nh v an ton phng chng chy n.
D n s p dng cc bin php PCCC theo ng quy nh ca Nh nc
nhm m bo an ton cho mi ti sn v con ngi.
(2). Quy m nh hng
S c chy n khi xy ra gy thit hi ln v kinh t x hi v lm nhim
c 3 h sinh thi t, nc, khng kh mt cch nghim trng. Hn na, n cn e
da n tnh mng cn b cng nhn vin trong nh my, gy thit hi ti sn doanh
nghip.
Tuy nhin, trng hp c s c xy ra th quy m nh hng n cng ng
s rt nh, ch nh hng bn trong phm vi D n.
3.3.2.6. nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot
ng ca d n
Cc tc ng n mi trng trong giai on hot ng ca d n c
nghin cu, phn tch v nh gi chi tit trn, c th c nh gi tng hp theo
phng php ma trn mi trng khng c trng s nh trnh by trong bng 3.23.
Bng 3.23. Tm tt cc tc ng mi trng tng hp trong giai on hot
ng lu di ca d n.
Stt Ngun gc tc ng
t
Nc
Khng kh
Kinh t n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
70
11 Kh thi
+
+
22 Nc thi
+
+++
33 Cht thi rn
+++
++
44 nhim nhit
+
+
55 Ri ro, s c
++
++
Ghi ch :
+ : t tc ng c hi;
++
: Tc ng c hi mc trung bnh;
+++ : Tc ng c hi mc mnh.
+++
+
++
++
++
x hi
+++
+++
++
+
++
71
Bo co c gng bm st ni dung v bo m c cc yu cu t ra
theo Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ca B TN&MT, nhn dng, nh lng
ha v a ra cc kt qu nghin cu nh gi c th v cc i tng, quy m,
mc tc ng ca cc ngun gy tc ng ch yu, cc ngun to nn nguy c
tch ly tim n cc tc ng xu di hn v ngn hn i vi mi trng trn khu
vc, vi mc chi tit v tin cy ca cc nh gi l t yu cu.
Nhn xt ny da trn cc cn c khoa hc v qun l c th nh sau:
- Bo co tin hnh nghin cu, kho st, o c v nh gi k cng v hin
trng khu vc d n, thu thp c cc ngun s liu tin cy, y v qu trnh
nghin cu u t v thit k d n, cng nh nh gi ng c hin trng v
kh nng chu ti ca mi trng t nhin trn khu vc d n v vng ln cn.
tin cy ca cc phng php TM c trnh by trong bng 3.24.
Bng 3.24. tin cy ca cc phng php TM
Stt
Phng php
tin cy
Nguyn nhn
1 Phng php thng k
Cao
Da theo s liu thng k
chnh thc ca tnh.
2 Phng php ly mu ngoi
Cao
- Thit b ly mu, phn
hin trng v phn tch trong
tch mi, hin i
phng th nghim
- Da vo phng php ly
mu tiu chun
3 Phng php nh gi nhanh
Trung bnh Da vo h s nhim do
theo h s nhim do WHO
T chc Y t Th gii thit
thit lp nm 1993
lp nn cha tht s ph
hp vi iu kin Vit Nam
4 Phng php so snh tiu
Cao
Kt qu phn tch c tin
chun
cy cao
5
Trung bnh
Cao
Phng php ch nh gi
nh tnh hoc bn nh
lng, da trn ch quan
ca nhng ngi nh gi
Da vo kin chnh thc
bng vn bn ca UBND x
v UBMTTQ x
72
73
CHNG 4
CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NHNG
TC NG C HI,PHNG NGA V
NG PH S C MI TRNG
4.1. KHNG CH V GIM THIU NHIM TRONG GIAI ON
XY DNG
4.1.1. Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do san lp mt bng v xy
dng cng trnh
Dng cc thit phun nc chng bi vo cc ngy nng nng, gi mnh ti
nhng khu vc pht sinh ra nhiu bi.
To to khong cch hp l gia cng trng vi khu vc sinh hot, n
ung ca cng nhn nhm to vng m gim tc ng bi, ting n. Lp t cc
thit b gim ting n cho nhng thit b c mc n cao nh my pht in, kh nn,
my ca . Dng bt che cc phng tin vn chuyn vt liu xy dng ct, ,...
t cc cng thot ti nhng v tr thch hp nhm trnh dng chy xi
ngm gy xm thc, st l cng trnh.
p dng cc bin php thi cng tin tin, c gii ha cc thao tc v qu
trnh thi cng.
Tun th cc qui nh v an ton lao ng khi lp n t chc thi cng
nh cc bin php thi cng t; vn b tr my mc thit b; bin php phng
nga tai nn lao ng, vn chng st, th t b tr cc kho, bi nguyn vt liu,
ln tri tm, hu cn phc v (Cc c s vt cht phc v cho cng nhn thi cng
xy dng nh nh n, ngh ngi, tm ra, y t, v sinh, xe a n ). Cng nhn
lm vic ti cng trng c s dng cc thit b bo h lao ng nh khu trang,
knh phng h mt.
4.1.2. Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do vn chuyn nguyn vt liu,
thit b
Hot ng san lp mt bng chun b thi cng gy nn xo trn, hy hoi
thm thc vt v lm tng nguy c xi mn; tng nguy c st l t, xi l b sng;
S dng phng php vn ti thch hp nhm gim bi nh bng ti, dng
cc tm che chn xung quanh cng trnh.
B tr hp l tuyn ng vn chuyn v i li. Kim tra cc phng tin
thi cng nhm m bo cc thit b, my mc lun trong iu kin tt nht v mt
k thut.
Cc phng tin i ra khi cng trng phi c v sinh, ra bi.
Hn ch vn chuyn vo gi c mt ngi qua li cao.
Dng bt che cc phng tin vn chuyn t, ct, , x bn...
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
74
trng.
75
76
77
Thp hp th
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
78
L t
79
0,1656.M
uOk H
Trong :
+ u l vn tc gi trung bnh (4m/s)
+ Oy l h s khuch tn chiu ngang (ly 6m)
+H: chiu cao ngun thi (ng khi)
+M: ti lng my pht in (0,83 g/s)
T cng thc trn ta c chiu cao ng khi l:
H=
0,1656.M
uOk Cmax
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
CHNG 5
CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG, CHNG
TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
5.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG
Cc cng trnh x l cht thi chnh ti d n nh sau:
5.1.1. Trong giai on xy dng
20 thng cha rc;
B t hoi dung tch 80m3.
5.1.2. Trong giai on hot ng
B t hoi dung tch 60m3;
H thng cng thu gom nc ma, nc thi;
1 Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn;
Cc thng chuyn dng cha rc 40 thng.
Cy xanh, thm c
5.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG
5.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng
Da trn quy hoch xy dng h thng giao thng, cp in nc, h thng
thu gom nc ma, nc thi, cht thi rn sn xut v sinh hot ring ph hp
qun l cc ngun nc thi, cht thi rn sn xut v sinh hot ti khu vc d n;
Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng trong vic thm nh thit k k thut
v gim st cht lng mi trng nh k.
Ch u t s iu chnh kp thi cc h thng x l cht thi nhm thi
hnh nghim chnh cc cam kt a ra trong bo co TM ca d n;
Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng nh nc xy dng thng nht
phng n phng chng s c chy n, r r nguyn nhin liu;
Thng xuyn kim tra cng tc bo v mi trng ti nh my;
Tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng;
Thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng nu trong bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng c ph duyt v tun th tiu chun mi trng;
Phng nga, hn ch cc tc ng xu i vi mi trng t cc hot ng
ca d n;
Khc phc nhim mi trng do hot ng ca d n gy ra;
Tuyn truyn, gio dc, nng cao thc bo v mi trng cho cn b
cng nhn vin trong nh my;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
87
88
CO.
S im thu mu : 2 ng khi
Tn sut gim st : kh thi 3 thng/ln, Thit b thu mu
chun
Tiu chun so snh
: QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT
: Thit b tiu
89
CHNG 6
THAM VN KIN CNG NG
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM
90
91
92
93
94
PH LC
Vn bn php l lin quan n d n
Cc s , bn v ca d n (s v tr ly mu,bn v tng mt bng, bn v
quy hoch nc ma)
Kt qu phn tch mu hin trng mi trng
Cc tiu chun so snh p dng
95
96