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Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch

Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

MC LC
MC LC.........................................................................................................1
DANH MC CC BNG.................................................................................6
DANH MC CC HNH.................................................................................8
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT................................................................9
M U.........................................................................................................10
1. XUT X CA D N..............................................................................10
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT THC HIN NH GI TC
NG MI TRNG (TM)............................................................................11
2.1. Cn c php lut......................................................................................11
2.1.1 C s php l tin hnh nh gi tc ng mi trng..............................11
2.2. C s k thut...........................................................................................12
2.2.1. Ngun d liu d n lp................................................................................12
2.2.2. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho..................................................................12
2.2.3. Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam p dng.............................13
2.3. K thut v phng php p dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM........14
3. T CHC THC HIN XY DNG BO CO TM..........................14
CHNG 1.....................................................................................................17
M T TM TT D N............................................................................17
1.1. TN D N..............................................................................................17
1.2. CH U T..........................................................................................17
1.3. V TR A L CA D N..................................................................17
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N.......................................................18
1.4.1. Hin trng s dng khu t....................................................................18
1.4.2. Mc tiu, tnh cht ca d n.................................................................18
1.4.2.1. Mc tiu ca D n.............................................................................18
1.4.2,2 C s la chn phng n u t........................................................18
1.4.2.3 Phng n u t.................................................................................18
1.4.3. Cng sut v chng loi sn phm..........................................................19
1.4.3.1 Cng sut d n...................................................................................19
1.4.3.2 Chng loi sn phm............................................................................19
1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, in, nc, nhin liu...........................................19
1.4.4.1 Nhu cu nguyn liu.............................................................................19
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

1.4.4.2. Nhu cu cung cp nc..............................................................................20


1.4.4.2. Ngun tip nhn nc ma v nc thi sinh hot.....................................20
1.4.4.4. Thit k cp in........................................................................................20
1.4.4.5 Nhu cu nhin liu................................................................................21
1.5 QUY TRNH CNG NGH V THIT B CA D N.........................21
1.5.1 Quy trnh cng ngh................................................................................21
1.5.1.1. Khai thc v d tr nguyn liu..................................................................23
1.5.1.2 Gia cng nguyn liu v to hnh sn phm ..............................................23
1.5.1.3. Phi sn phm mc .................................................................................23
1.5.1.4 Sy nung sn phm trong l nung tuynel ..................................................24
1.5.1.5. Ra l, phn loi sn phm .......................................................................24
1.5.2 Thit b, hng mc sn xut.....................................................................24
1.5.2.1 Thit b phc v cho d n...........................................................................24
1.5.2.2 Cc hng mc xy dng cng trnh..............................................................26
1.6 NHU CU LAO NG CHO D N...................................................27
1.7 NHU CU VN CHO D N................................................................27
1.8.TIN THC HIN D N..............................................................27
CHNG 2.....................................................................................................28
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI KHU
VC CA D N................................................................................................28
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG.........................................31
2.1.1.iu kin a l a cht..............................................................................28
2.1.1.1. a hnh......................................................................................................28
2.1.1.2. a cht......................................................................................................28
2.1.2. iu kin v kh tng thy vn...........................................................29
2.1.2.1. c im kh tng....................................................................................29
2.1.3. iu kin thy vn........................................................................................29
2.1.4 Hin trng mi trng v ti nguyn khu vc d n.......................................29
2.1.4.1. Hin trng mi trng khng kh ting n...............................................29
2.1.4.2 Hin trng cht lng nc mt..................................................................31
2.1.4.3 Cht lng nc ngm................................................................................32
2.1.4.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t.................................................32
2.2. IU KIN KINH T X HI.........................................................33
2.2.1. Thc trng pht trin kinh t..........................................................................33
2.2.1.1 Tnh hnh pht trin chung...........................................................................33
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

2.2.2 Tnh hnh vn ha, x hi...............................................................................34


2.2.2.1 Trong lnh vc gio dc........................................................................34
2.2.2.2 Cng tc y t................................................................................................34
CHNG 3.....................................................................................................35
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG......................................................35
3.1. NGUN TC NG.............................................................................35
3.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on san lp mt bng v xy dng
cng trnh..............................................................................................................35
3.1.1.1.Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi.....................................35
3.1.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi..............................36
3.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on hot ng.................................37
3.1.2.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi....................................37
3.1.2.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi..............................39
3.1.3. S c mi trng....................................................................................39
3.1.3.1. Nhng ri ro trong giai on thi cng xy dng.........................................39
3.1.3.2. Nhng ri ro trong giai on hot ng.....................................................40
3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG.............................................40
3.2.1. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng..........40
3.2.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on vn hnh hot ng.......43
3.3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG............................................43
3.3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng.........................43
3.3.1.1. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh................42
3.3.1.2 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc........................49
3.3.1.3 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t...........................53
3.3.1.4 Cc tc ng khc................................................................................55
3.3.1.5 Tc ng v kinh t x hi....................................................................55
3.3.1.6 nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng do cc hot ng trong giai
on thi cng xy dng d n................................................................................56
3.3.2. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng........................57
3.3.2.1 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh, ting n. .57
3.3.2.2 Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc........................62
3.3.2.3 Tc ng ca cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn...................................66
3.3.2.4 Tc ng v kinh t - x hi..................................................................67
3.3.2.5 nh gi s c mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng........................68
3.3.2.6 nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng
ca d n...............................................................................................................69
3.4 NH GI V PHNG PHP S DNG TRONG BO CO.....69
3.4.1. Cc phng php s dng nh gi tc ng mi trng...................69
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

3.4.2. nh gi tin cy ca cc phng php...............................................70


CHNG 4.....................................................................................................72
BIN PHP GIM THIU NHNG TC NG C HI, PHNG
NGA V NG PH S C MI TRNG..................................................72
4.1. KHNG CH V GIM THIU NHIM TRONG GIAI ON
XY DNG.........................................................................................................72
4.1.1.Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do san lp mt bng v xy dng cng trnh
72
4.1.2 Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, thit b.....72
4.1.3 Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do hot ng d tr v bo qun nguyn
nhin liu......................................................................................................................73
4.1.4 Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do sinh hot ca cng nhn ti cng
trnh..73
4.1.5 Cc bin php an ton lao ng......................................................................73
4.2.CC BIN PHP KHNG CH V GIM THIU NHNG TC
NG C HI TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG...........................................74
4.2.1 Khng ch nhim khng kh........................................................................74
4.2.1.1 Khng ch bi khu vc nh my...............................................................74
4.1.1.2 Khng ch nhim khng kh trong qu trnh vn chuyn sn phm...........75
4.2.1.3 Khng ch nhim khng kh trong qu trnh sn xut gch................76
4.2.2.Cc bin php khng ch v gim thiu nhim mi trng nc.................80
4.2.2.1 Nc ma chy trn....................................................................................80
4.2.2.2 Nc thi sinh hot.....................................................................................80
4.2.2.3.Nc thi sn xut.......................................................................................82
4.2.3 Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng do cht thi rn................................82
4.3. CC BIN PHP PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI
TRNG.............................................................................................................83
4.3.1 Cc bin php v an ton lao ng...........................................................83
4.3.2 Phng nga v ng ph s c chy n.....................................................84
4.3.3 Phng chng st.......................................................................................85
4.3.4 Phng chng r r nguyn nhin liu........................................................85
CHNG 5.....................................................................................................86
CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG,CHNG TRNH QUN
L V GIM ST MI TRNG....................................................................86
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

5.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG..............86


5.1.1. Trong giai on xy dng.......................................................................86
5.1.2 Trong giai on hot ng..............................................................................86
5.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG..........................................86
5.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng...................................................................86
5.2.2 Kinh ph d kin cho phng chng v x l nhim......................................87
5.2.3. Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc gim st cht lng mi trng..............88
5.3. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG........................................88
5.3.1. Gim st kh thi............................................................................................88
5.3.2. Gim st kh xung quanh...............................................................................88
5.3.3. Gim st nc thi.........................................................................................88
5.3.4. Gim st cht lng nc mt.......................................................................88
5.3.5.Gim st cht lng nc ngm.....................................................................89
CHNG 6.....................................................................................................90
THAM VN KIN CNG NG.............................................................90
6.1 KIN CA Y BAN NHN DN CP X......................................90
6.2 KIN CA I DIN CNG NG DN C...............................90
6.3 GII TRNH CA CH U T.........................................................91
KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT.....................................................92
1. KT LUN.................................................................................................92
2. KIN NGH................................................................................................92
3. CAM KT..................................................................................................92
3.1 CAM KT THC HIN CC BIN PHP GIM THIU CC TC
NG XU.........................................................................................................92
3.2. CAM KT THC HIN TT C CC BIN PHP, QUY NH
CHUNG V BO V MI TRNG C LIN QUAN N D N........95
PH LC..............................................................................................................96

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1. Danh mc cc my mc thit b ca d n.........................................24
Bng 2.1: K hiu v tr ly mu.........................................................................30
Bng 2.2: Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh ti khu vc D n...............30
Bng 2.3: V tr cc im ly mu nc mt v iu kin ly mu....................31
Bng 2.4: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt ca khu vc d n................31
Bng 2.5: V tr ly mu nc ngm...................................................................32
Bng 2.6: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu vc D n..................32
Bng 2.7: V tr ly mu t khu vc d n........................................................33
Bng 2.8: Cht lng t ti khu vc d n........................................................33
Bng 3.1. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy
dng..........................................................................................................................35
Bng 3.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi
trong giai on xy dng...........................................................................................36
Bng 3.3. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi
trong giai on hot ng..........................................................................................39
Bng 3.4. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng....42
Bng 3.5. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng.................42
Bng 3.6. H s pht thi v nng bi c tnh pht sinh trong qu trnh san
lp..............................................................................................................................44
Bng 3.7. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi sinh ra t cc phng tin
vn chuyn t thi cng............................................................................................46
Bng 3.8. Mc n sinh ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng trng
47
Bng 3.9. Mc n ca cc loi xe c gii...........................................................48
Bng 3.10. Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh.................................49
Bng 3.11. H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi
trng (nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l).............................................................50
Bng 3.12. Ti lng cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua x
l) trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n.............................................................51
Bng 3.13. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot........................51

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Bng 3.14. Tc ng ca cc cht nhim cha trong nc thi sinh hot cng
nhn v nc ma chy trn.....................................................................................52
Bng 3.15. nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy dng
d n..........................................................................................................................56
Bng 3.16. Ti lng nhim khng kh do phng tin giao thng trong giai
on hot ng ca d n.........................................................................................58
Bng 3.17. Ti lng nhim kh thi i vi l t.........................................59
Bng 3.18. Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l t cp nhit................60
Bng 3.19. Ti lng cc cht nhim kh t kh thi my pht in................61
Bng 3.20. Nng ca kh thi my pht in.................................................61
Bng 3.21. Ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua
x l) trong d n......................................................................................................63
Bng 3.22. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot........................64
Bng 3.23. Tm tt cc tc ng mi trng tng hp trong giai on hot ng
lu di ca d n.......................................................................................................69
Bng 3.24. tin cy ca cc phng php TM.............................................70
Bng 4.1. Nng cc cht nhim d kin sau khi qua khi h thng x l...
78
Bng 5.1. Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc phng chng v x l nhim...........87

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1.1 S cng ngh sn xut ca nh my............................................22
Hnh 4.1. S h thng x l kh thi l t...................................................77
Hnh 4.2: Cu to b t hoi x l nc thi sinh hot.......................................81
Hnh 4.3. S nguyn l x l CTR ca d n................................................83

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

DANH MC T VIT TT
BOD5
BVMT
CBCNV
CHXHCN
COD
CTCC
CTR
CTNH
DO
T
TM
MPN
sinh).
NGTK
PCCC
Pt-Co
QL
SS
THC
UBND
VOC
XD
KHKT
TCVN
TNHH
WB
WHO

Nhu cu oxy sinh ho o 200C - o trong 5 ngy


Bo v mi trng
Cn b cng nhn vin
Cng ha X hi Ch ngha
Nhu cu oxy ha hc
Cng trnh cng cng
Cht thi rn
Cht thi nguy hi
xy ha tan
ng tnh
nh gi tc ng mi trng.
S ln nht c th m c (phng php xc nh vi

Nin gim thng k


Phng chy cha chy
n v o mu (thang mu Pt Co)
Quc l
Cht rn l lng
Tng hydrocacbon
y Ban Nhn Dn
Cht hu c bay hi
Xy dng
Khoa hc k thut
Tiu chun Vit Nam
Trch nhim hu hn
Ngn hng th gii
T chc Y t Th gii

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

M U
1. XUT X CA D N
Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin c thnh lp theo giy chng
nhn ng k kinh doanh s 4404000029 do S k hoch v u t tnh Bnh Phc
cp ngy 26/9/2007 v ng k thay i ln 1 ngy 21/4/2009 vi ngnh ngh kinh
doanh chuyn sn xut gch inh, gch ng, kinh doanh vt liu xy dng v.v
Tnh Bnh Phc l tnh thuc khu vc min ng Nam B c ti lp nm
1997. Hin nay tnh nm trong vng vnh ai khu kin t trng im pha Nam, do
c tc tng trng dn c ln, ch yu t cc tnh khu vc pha Bc v min
Trung v sinh sng v tm kim vic lm, nn nhu cu xy dng c bn (XDCB)
rt ln, c bit l cc tr s ca cc doanh nghip, cc cng trnh thuc ngun vn
ngn sch dng cho xy dng cc cng trnh phc v nhu cu x hi ha, nhu cu
xy dng nh ca dn chng.
Trc thc trng trn v c s khuyn khch ca UBND tnh, UBND
huyn, Cng ty TNHH MTV-SXTM Hong Thin c thnh lp, vi mc tiu
chnh sn xut gch inh v gch ng, kinh doanh xut nhp khu vt liu xy
dng ti huyn Lc Ninh, nhm gii quyt c nhu cu xy dng ngy cng cao
tnh nh v cc vng ln cn nh huyn Ph Gio, Bn Ct, tnh Bnh Dng,
ng thi mang li vic lm cho cc lao ng a phng.
Mt khc, Cng ty c a im kinh doanh, v tr a l ht sc thun tin, c
th cung cp sn phm i cc a bn dc theo Quc l 13 n Lc Ninh, B p
hoc theo hng ngc li Bnh Long Chn Thnh, huyn Bn Ct, Ph Gio,
TX. Th Du Mt, tnh Binh Dng. Theo Quc l 14 n TX. ng Xoi, Phc
Long, B ng c ngun nguyn liu t st di do, m bo sn xut lu di.
Theo s liu thng k th kh nng sn xut ti ch cc loi nguyn vt liu
xy dng nh gch, ngi ch p ng c 10% nhu cu, phn cn li do cc
doanh nghip ngoi tnh cung cp. p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao trong xy
dng ti thi im hin ti v tng lai. Cng ty tin hnh u t xy dng nh
my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm.
Thc hin Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Th tng Chnh
ph v hng dn thi hnh lut bo v mi trng, Ngh nh 21/2008/CP ngy
28/02/2008 ca Th tng Chnh ph v chnh sa, b sung mt s iu Ngh nh
80/2006/N-CP, Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng, nhm tng cng cng tc qun l v bo v mi trng
trong pht trin kinh t x hi, Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin
phi hp vi Cng ty C phn u t pht trin cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh
Dng t chc lp Bo co nh gi Tc ng Mi trng (TM) cho D n Xy
dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynen cng sut 50 triu vin gch/nm do S Ti
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

10

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

nguyn v Mi trng tnh Bnh Phc ch tr. Ni dung v trnh t cc bc thc


hin TM c tun th theo cc quy nh ca php lut v mi trng v cc
hng dn ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng v lp TM cho cc d n u t.
nh gi nhng tc ng tim tng, tch cc v tiu cc, trc tip v gin
tip, ngn hn v di hn t cc hot ng ca d n gy ra cho mi trng.
Trn c s nhng d bo v nh gi ny, xut nhng bin php gim
thiu (bao gm qun l v k thut) nhm pht huy nhng tc ng tch cc v
gim nh ti mc c th nhng tc ng tiu cc ti mi trng xung quanh.
2. CN C PHP LUT V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN TM
2.1. Cn c php lut
2.1.1 C s php l tin hnh nh gi tc ng mi trng
Lut Ti nguyn nc c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng qua
ngy 20/05/1998;
Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc CHXHCN Vit Nam thng
qua ngy 29/11/2005 v Ch tch nc k lnh cng b ngy 12 thng 12 nm
2005;
Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy 27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh
vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun
nc;
Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09/08/2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v mi trng;
Ngh nh s 21/2006/N-CP ngy 28/02/2008 ca Chnh ph v chnh
sa, b sung mt s iu ca Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP;
Ngh nh s 117/2009/N-CP ngy 31/12/2009 ca Chnh ph v x pht
vi phm php lut trong lnh vc bo v mi trng;
Thng t s 02/2005/TT-BTNMT ngy 24/06/2005 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v Hng dn thc hin Ngh nh s 149/2004/N-CP ngy
27/07/2004 ca Chnh ph quy nh vic cp php thm d, khai thc, s dng ti
nguyn nc, x nc thi vo ngun nc;
Thng t s 05/2009/TT-BYT ca B Y T ngy 17/06/2009 ban hnh quy
chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh hot;
Thng t s 12/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v/v hng dn iu kin hnh ngh v th tc lp h s ng k, cp
php hnh ngh, m s qun l cht thi nguy hi;
Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng v Hng dn nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi
trng v cam kt bo v mi trng;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

11

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Thng t 25/2009/BTNMT, ngy 16 thng 11 nm 2009 ca B Ti


nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh 8 Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mi
trng;
Quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B
Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic bt buc p dng Tiu chun Vit Nam v mi
trng;
Quyt nh s 23/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 26/12/2006 ca B trng B
Ti nguyn v Mi trng v vic ban hnh danh mc Cht thi nguy hi;
Quyt nh s 04/2008/BTNMT ngy 18/7/2008; Quyt nh s
16/2008/BTNMT ngy 31/12/2008; Quyt nh 16/2008/BTNMT ngy
7/10/2009/BTNMT ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Ban hnh Quy chun k
thut Quc gia v Mi trng.
Cn c Quyt nh s 06/Q-UB ngy 13 thng 01 nm 1998 ca UBND
tnh Bnh Phc, v vic quy hoch tng th kinh t x hi tnh Bnh Phc t nm
1996-2010.
2.2. C s k thut
2.2.1. Ngun d liu d n lp

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng D n: Xy dng nh my sn xut


gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh
Phc. Do Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin lm ch u t.
2.2.2. Ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho
Alexander P. Economopoulos. Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and
Land Pollution. Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution,
WHO, Geneva, 1993 .
Alexander P. Economopoulos. Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and
Land Pollution. Part 2: Approaches for Consideration in formulating Environmental
Control Strategies, WHO, Geneva , 1993.
World Health Organization. Assessment of Sources of Air, Water, and Land
Pollution. A guide to rapid source inventory techniques and their use in formulating
Environmental Control Strategies, Geneva, 1993.
Roger Batstone, James E. Smith, Jr., and David Wilson, editors. The Safe
Disposal of Hazardous Wastes. The Special Needs and Problems of Developing
Countries. Volume I, II, 3. WHO, 1989.
WHO, 1976, offset publication N0 69. GEMS: Global Environmental
Monitoring System. Estimating Human Exposure to Air pollution. Geneva.
WHO, 1976, offset publication N024. Selected Methods of Measuring Air
Pollutants, Geneva.
APTI. Correspondence Course 437 Site Selection for the Monitoring of CO
and Photochemical pollutants in Ambient Air. Guidebook. 1982.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

12

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm
WHO, 1979, Sulphur oxides and suspended particulate matter.
Environmental Health Criteria Document N08. World Health Organization. Geneva.
Switzerland.
Arceivala, Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control, Tata Mc Graw -Hill
Publishing House Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
Alaerts. Wastewater Treatment Process, IHE Delft, 1987.
Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater examination. New York,
1989.
n thuyt minh d n : u t Nh my sn xut gch tuynel cng sut
50 triu vin/nm ca Cng Ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin, 2010
Ti liu thng k v tnh hnh kh tng, thy vn, a hnh th nhng ca
khu vc thc hin D n.
Cc s liu iu tra v o c thc t ti hin trng khu vc thc hin D
n.
Cc ti liu iu tra v kinh t x hi trong khu vc.
Cc ti liu k thut ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO) v Ngn hng Th
gii (WB) v xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng

Cc ti liu tham kho nghin cu


Cc bn v quy hoch, cc ti liu k thut ca D n.
Cc ti liu iu tra v kinh t x hi trong khu vc D n.
Ti liu thng k v tnh hnh thy vn, kh tng khu vc D n.
Cc s liu iu tra, o c thc t ti hin trng khu vc D n.
Cc ti liu k thut ca T chc Y t th gii (WHO) v Ngn hng Th
gii (WB) v xy dng bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng.
Cc ti liu v cng ngh x l cht thi.
2.2.3. Cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam p dng
TCVN 5949 1998: m hc - Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c;
Tiu chun v sinh lao ng ca B Y t (Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-BYT
ngy 10/10/2002 ca B trng B Y t v vic ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao
ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v sinh lao ng)
QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng
khng kh xung quanh;
QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT : Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mt s cht
c hi trong khng kh xung quanh;
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v gii hn cho
php ca kim loi nng trong t;
QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc
mt;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

13

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc


ngm.
QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v bi v kh thi
cng nghip.
QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc thi sinh
hot.
2.3. K thut v phng php p dng trong qu trnh thc hin TM
Cc phng php sau c dng nh gi tc ng mi trng:

Phng php thng k, lp bng s liu: S dng thu thp, phn tch v
x l mt cch h thng cc ngun s liu v iu kin t nhin, mi trng v
kinh t - x hi ti khu vc d n v ln cn, cng nh cc ngun s liu phc v
cho nh gi tc ng v xut cc bin php khng ch, gim thiu tc ng mi
trng ca d n.
Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th
nghim: S dng thu mu, phn tch v o c cc thng s thc t v hin
trng cht lng mi trng t nhin (t, khng kh, n, vi kh hu) ti khu vc
d n v ln cn phc v cho vic nh gi tc ng mi trng, xy dng cc
chng trnh qun l v gim st mi trng ca d n.
Phng php nh gi nhanh nhim theo cc h s nhim do T chc
Y t Th gii (WHO) v Cc bo v mi trng M (US-EPA) thit lp: S dng
c tnh nhanh ti lng, lu lng v nh gi nng ca cc cht gy nhim
t cc hot ng khc nhau ca d n, phc v cho vic nh gi tc ng mi
trng, ng thi s dng nh gi v hiu qu ca cc bin php khng ch,
gim thiu tc ng mi trng theo cc ch dn k thut ca WHO a ra.
Phng php ma trn tc ng: S dng thit lp v phn tch mi
quan h nh tnh gia cc hot ng v quy m, mc tc ng mi trng ca
d n, ng thi chn lc v nh gi cc tc ng mi trng quan trng ch
yu ca d n.
Phng php so snh vi tiu chun, quy chun mi trng: S dng
nh gi mc tc ng mi trng ca d n trn c s so snh vi cc mc gii
hn quy nh trong cc tiu chun, quy chun mi trng Vit Nam ban hnh p
dng (so snh vi ngng chu ti v cc tnh cht vt l, ha hc v sinh hc ca
mi trng).
Phng php chuyn gia: S dng tham kho cc kinh nghim nh gi
tc ng mi trng ca cc d n u t tng t nhm sng lc, loi b cc
phng n nh gi tc ng t kh thi, cng nh xut cc bin php khng ch,
gim thiu cc tc ng mi trng quan trng ca d n mt cch kh thi v hiu
qu.
Phng php tham kho kt qu nghin cu trong nc: S dng nh
gi tc ng mi trng v nh gi hiu qu ca cc bin php khng ch, gim
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

14

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

thiu cc tc ng chnh hoc cc tc ng c tnh cht c th ring ca d n sao


cho ph hp vi cc iu kin nghin cu nh gi thc t trong nc.
3. T CHC THC HIN XY DNG BO CO TM
Bo co TM cho d n Xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut
50 triu vin/nm ti p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc do
Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin ch tr thc hin vi s t vn ca
Cng ty C phn u t pht trin cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh Dng.
n v t vn thc hin
Cng ty C phn u t pht trin cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
nh sau:
a ch: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh
Thnh, Tp. H Ch Minh.
i din: Hong Kim Thng.
Chc v: Ph giam c
in thoi: 083.9899719
Fax: 083.9899720
Phng thc thc hin
Trong qu trnh lp bo co TM cho d n ny, Chng ti s dng cc
phng php TM chnh sau y:
Nhng thnh vin tham d thc hin
Danh sch cc thnh vin chnh tham gia thc hin bo co TM ny bao gm:
Stt
H v tn
Chc danh
n v cng tc
Cng ty TNHH MTV SX
1 Hong nh Trung
Gim c
TM Hong Thin
Cng ty CP T PT CN MT
2 KS. Hong Kim Thng
Ph gim c
Thi Bnh Dng
Chuyn vin mi
Cng ty CP T PT CN MT
3 CN. Phm Minh Hng
trng
Thi Bnh Dng
Chuyn vin mi
Cng ty CP T PT CN MT
4 KS. inh Nguyn Phong
trng
Thi Bnh Dng
Chuyn vin mi
Cng ty CP T PT CN MT
5 CN. Ha Quang Trng
trng
Thi Bnh Dng
Chuyn vin mi
Cng ty CP T PT CN MT
6 ThS. ng Th Ngc Thu
trng
Thi Bnh Dng

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

15

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

CHNG 1
M T TM TT D N
1.1. TN D N
XY DNG NH MY SN XUT GCH TUYNEL
CNG SUT 50 TRIU VIN/NM
1.2. CH D N
Ch u t: CNG TY TNHH MTV SX TM HONG THIN.
a ch tr s chnh: p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh
Phc.
in thoi: 0945.183.333.
i din: ng Hong nh Trung.
Chc v: Gim c.
Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s: 4404000029 do S k hoch v
u t tnh Bnh Phc cp ngy 26/09/2007 v ng k thay i ln th 1 ngy
21/04/2009, thay i ln 2 giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s 3800381656
ngy 07/09/2010.
Ngnh, ngh kinh doanh: sn xut gch inh, gch ng, kinh doanh vt liu
xy dng v.v
a im thc hin: p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh
Phc.
Hin nay, Cng ty ang tin hnh u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch
Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm. V th, chng ti tin hnh nh gi tc ng
mi trng cho d n u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50
triu vin/nm.
1.3. V TR A L CA D N
D n u t xy dng nh my sn xut gch Tuynen cng sut 50 triu
vin/nm c tin hnh xy dng ti p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn Lc Ninh, tnh
Bnh Phc nm cnh quc l 13, cch trung tm huyn Lc Ninh khong 10 km v
hng Ty Bc. Khu t xy dng Nh my cch m st Bu A5 11 km ti p Ch
L, x Lc Thnh, Huyn Lc Ninh, Tnh Bnh Phc.
V gii hn khng gian, khu t cng trnh c tng din tch l 26.057,7 m2
c gii hn bi:
Pha Bc : gip vi ng quy hoch 18m;
Pha Nam : ng quy hoch 12m v cng ty Tn Trng;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

16

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Pha ng : gip vi ng quy hoch 14m;


Pha Ty : gip quc l 13
1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N
1.4.1. Hin trng s dng khu t
Ton b khu t D n c din tch 26.057,7 m2 v hin trng khu t hin nay
ang l t vn cy ca ch u t.
1.4.2. Mc tiu, tnh cht ca d n
1.4.2.1. Mc tiu ca D n
p ng nhu cu th trng i vi sn phm gch xy dng cht lng
cao t nay n nm 2015 v 2020 trn a bn tnh v mt s khu vc ln cn.
Ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin ngnh, quy hoch chung ca tnh, mt
bng hin trng, kh nng v ngun vn. Dy chuyn thit b m bo tnh ng b
v hiu qu cao.
1.4.2.2. C s la chn phng n u t.
Cn c vo mc tiu D n cng nh qu trnh nghin cu, kho st thc
t ti cc Nh my u t dy chuyn sn xut gch theo cng ngh l nung
tuynel lin hp trn c nc.
Cn c vo kt qu kho st v kt qu xut th mu t st nguyn liu
phc v cho d n.
Cn c vo kt qu nghin cu v d bo nhu cu th trng tiu th gch
xy dng trn a bn tnh v cc khu vc ln cn.
Cn c vo mt bng hin trng khu t v nng lc ca Ch u t.
1.4.2.3. Phng n u t.
u t mi ng b cc thit b gia cng nguyn liu, to hnh, sy, nung
Tuynel lin hp, cng ngh sn xut t mc tin tin so vi nc ta hin nay,
cho php thc hin cc tuyn cng ngh thun li, rt ngn c cc cng on
trung chuyn trong cc khu sn xut, ph hp vi iu kin thi tit ca khu vc,
mt bng hin trng khu t, th hin nhng u im sau:
Cc thit b ch to hnh th h mi cho php hot ng vi tnh n nh
cao, c kh nng a dng ha chng loi sn phm, t l ph phm thp, tit kim
chi ph in nng.
Hm sy Tuynel c thit k trn c s tn dng ti a kh nng t vng
lm ngui v kh thi ca l nung to iu kin sy du, c kh nng sy tt vi
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

17

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

gch mc c m ti a ti 14-16% (cao hn so vi 10-14% nh trc y), gim


thi gian phi trn sn ct, gim nhn cng phi gch mc cung cp cho l nung
hot ng ht cng sut trong mi iu kin thi tit.
L nung c thit k ci tin cho php chnh lch nhit trn mt ct
ngang ca l mc thp nht, sn phm ra l m bo cht lng ng u ti
mi v tr trn xe gong. Cc knh dn kh nng thu hi t l nung sang hm sy
c thit k nm trong khi xy trn nc l cho php gim thp thot nhit, gim
chi ph vt liu cch nhit cho knh dn cng tng nhit dc theo chiu di l
nung v hm sy s truyn tn hiu v to iu kin trung tm, sn sng can thip
iu chnh khi cn thit.
1.4.3. Cng sut v chng loi sn phm
1.4.3.1. Cng sut d n
p ng nhu cu xy dng cho tnh v cc khu vc ln cn, ch u t s
la chn u t dy chuyn sn xut gch Tuynel vi cng sut thit k: 50 triu
vin/nm.
1.4.3.2. Chng loi sn phm
Chng loi sn phm ca d n: Tp trung vo hai loi sn phm chnh ang
tiu thu mnh trn a bn khu vc l gch xy rng c 4 l, gch inh.
Sn lng chi tit cc sn phm nh sau:
Gch 4 l 80x80x180 : 35.000.000 vin/nm;
Gch inh 40x80x180: 15.000.000 vin/nm;
1.4.4. Nhu cu nguyn liu, in, nc, nhin liu
1.4.4.1. Nhu cu nguyn liu
m bo sn xut v p ng c cng sut ca thit k ca d n, nhu
cu nguyn liu ca d n l cc loi t st khong 50.000 m3/nm. Hin nay
doanh nghip c ngun nguyn liu st gch l 30 ha v c UBND tnh cp
php khai thc l 9ha, ti Bu A5, p Ch L, x Lc Thnh, Lc Ninh Bnh
Phc cch nh my 11 km thun tin cho hot ng ca nh my, chi ph vn
chuyn nguyn liu khng qu ln cng nh gim c cc nh hng xu c th
xy ra trn ng vn chuyn nguyn liu phc v cho hot ng ca d n. Phn
din tch khai thc vng nguyn liu sn xut s c d n lp bo co bo co
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

18

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

nh gi tc ng mi trng ring v trong qu trnh khai thc s tin hnh khai


thc theo phng n c c quan qun l nh nc ph duyt.
Nguyn liu t gch l than.Cc yu t u vo ca d n hon ton thun
li do ngun cung ng ch yu l t st th doanh nghip c ch trng ca
UBND tnh cp cho 9ha lm nguyn liu sn xut u vo.
1.4.4.2. Nhu cu cung cp nc:
(1). Cp nc sn xut
Nhu cu cung cp nc sn xut cho nh my ch yu cung cp cho ngm
t, cng on ch bin to hnh, lng nc s dng vo khong 20 - 30 m3/ngy.
Ngun nc dng cho sn xut s ly t ngun nc ging khoan qua h thng x
l. Lu lng yu cu khong 3 m3/h.
(2). Cp nc sinh hot
Nhu cu cung cp nc cho hot ng git v sinh hot ca 100 cn b cng
nhn. Nhu cu nc phc v cho sinh hot: 7,0 m3 (theo tiu chun 33:2006 ca B
Xy Dng: nhu cu nc phc v cho cng nhn hot ng trong cc phn xng
ta nhit l 45 l/ngi.ngy, nhu cu nc trn ba n l 25 l/ngi.ngy; s lng
cng nhn l 100 ngi).
1.4.4.3.Ngun tip nhn nc ma v nc thi sinh hot
Ngun tip nhn nc ma
Nc ma c thu gom bng mng dn nc ma c tm an qua cc h ga
c song chn rc, h ga nh k no vt loi b rc, cn lng v h lng nc
ma ti bi t nhm lng cn m nc ma cun theo trn mt bng ca d n
sau thi trc tip xung sui nh cach nha may 1700m phia ty, su khoang
2m.
Ngun tip nhn nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi sinh hot c thu gom bng h thng ng ng ring, tch bit
vi h thng thot nc ma. Nc thi sinh hot thu gom c x l s b bng
cc b t hoi 3 ngn. Sau , thi ra ngun tip nhn.
1.4.4.4.Thit k cp in

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

19

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Theo tnh ton, lng in tiu th trong 1 nm l 16.800 kW/h ( 1.400


kwh/thng) . Ngoi ra, m bo n nh li in cho hot ng sn xut ca
nh my, ch u t s u t mt my pht in d phng vi cng sut 250KVA.
1.4.4.5. Nhu cu nhin liu
Cng ty s s dng du DO v than t nng l nung, lng du DO
mi nm l 28,1 tn/nm v lng than cm l 3.400 Tn/nm.
1.5. QUY TRNH CNG NGH V THIT B CA D N
1.5.1. Quy trnh cng ngh
S cng ngh sn xut ca d n c trnh by c th trong hnh 1.1 nh
sau:
Thuyt minh quy trnh sn xut gch:
Quy trnh sn xut sn phm gch qua cc cng on sau:

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

20

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Bui, CTR

Bi ngm t
st

My nghin sng
than

Kho cha t st
qua ngm
My cp liu
thng
My nghin xa
lun

Ting n

My cn th

Ting n

My cn mn

Ting n

My nho lc

Ting n

My nho n
chn khng

Ting n

My ct gch

Ting n,
CTR

Bi, CTR
Bi, CTR
Bi, CTR

Khu vc phi
sy t nhin
H thng l nung
hm sy

Khi thai

Sn thnh phm

San phm
h

Vn chuyn tiu
th sn phm
Hnh 1.1 S cng ngh sn xut ca nh my
Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut:
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

Bui, CTR

21

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

1.5.1.1. Khai thc v d tr nguyn liu


t st sau khi khai thc c tp kt v bi cha, ti y t c ngm ,
phong ha t nht 3 thng. Qu trnh ny c tng cng nh cc bin php nh
ti nc, o trn bng phng tin c gii. Do vy, cc ht st c iu kin ngm
nc, trng n, lm tng tnh do, ng u v m v hm lng ca t. Dng
my i gom nhng l t c phong ha, m vo nh kho lun c tr
lng cho sn xut trong nhng ngy ma ko di.
1.5.1.2. Gia cng nguyn liu v to hnh sn phm
t st sau khi ngm thi gian phong ha c cho ln bng ti vo
my cp liu thng. Nhim v ca my cp liu thng l phn b t ti, u ln
bng ti n nh v lng yu cu. ng thi c th pha trn, phi hp cc loi
t khc nhau m phn cp ca sn phm quyt nh. My cp liu thng c t
trong nh cha thun tin vic a t vo, ng thi gim din tch nh ch
bin to hnh.
Gch cc loi c pha than vo nguyn liu sn xut khi ch bin to hnh
nhm nng cao cc tnh nng ca sn phm v hiu qu lm vic ca l nung. Phn
than theo bng ti a thng vo my nho hai trc c li lc. m bo nng
sut l v gim bt lng tro khi sn phm ra l, nht thit cc loi sn phm phi
thc hin pha than vo t vi lng trn 2890 tn/nm Than trc khi em pha
vo t c nghin nh, sng b cc tp cht m bo qu trnh chy xy ra
trit khi a vo l nung.
t t cp liu thng qua bng ti n my cn th, phi liu sau khi qua my
cn mn v c nghin n mn thch hp ri a xung my nho lc v c
nho trn k. Sau khi ra khi my nho trn phi liu c chuyn ln my nho
n lin hp c ht chn khng. Ty theo yu cu ca sn phm, nguyn liu c th
c phi trn thm ph gia. Ti my nho phi liu c pha thm lng nc
cn thit t c m to hnh cn thit trong khong 20 22%. Phi liu
c my nho hai trc lm tng thm do v ng nht trc khi a vo
bung ht chn khng. Ti my nho n lin hp ht chn khng v cng ban
u, gim c qu trnh bin dng trong qu trnh vn chuyn phi, sy ng thi
tng cng ca sn phm khi nung.
1.5.1.3. Phi sn phm mc

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

22

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Gch mc sau khi to hnh c m t 20 22%, c phi t 8 10 ngy


ty theo thi tit. Di tc ng ca nhit v tc gi, m ca gch mc
gim 12 16%. Vic xp cng v phi o gch trn sn phi tun th ng quy
trnh gim ti thiu thi gian phi trn sn cng nh ph phm khu ny. Sn
phm mc sau khi phi c vn chuyn v xp ln xe goong chun b a vo l
sy nung tuynel.
1.5.1.4. Sy nung sn phm trong l nung tuynel
Sn phm mc sau khi xp ln xe goong c a vo hm sy nung tuynel
nh kch thy lc t u l. Tc nhn sy ch yu l kh nng thu hi t l nung.
Vic sy gch mc c thc hin theo nguyn l sy du nhm trnh ph phm
sau khi sy.
Cc sn phm sau khi qua l sy s c a sang l nung nh xe ph v kch
y vi chu k 14 23 gi (phi qua vng sy ca tuynel nung ri qua vng nung
v vng lm ngui). Sn phm c nung chn vng nung c nhit ti a l
10500C. Nhit c cp b sung nung chn sn phm l than cm. Than sau khi
nghin mn c vn chuyn ln nc l v cp qua cc l tra than theo ng yu cu
cng ngh, m bo nung chn sn phm.
1.5.1.5. Ra l, phn loi sn phm
Sn phm sau khi ra khi l nung c lm ngui cui l nh h thng thu
hi kh nng v lng khng kh cp vo l phc v cho qu trnh chy. Sn
phm sau khi ra l c cng nhn d khi xp, phn loi theo tiu chun k thut
v tp kt v kho thnh phm.
Cn tro x ca than chy em chn lp hoc cho vo thng cha c np y
em thu gom chung vi rc sinh hot.
1.5.2. Thit b, hng mc sn xut
1.5.2.1. Thit b phc v cho d n
Thit b, hng mc sn xut ca d n c trnh by c th trong bng 1.1.

Bng 1.1. Danh mc cc my mc thit b ca d n


Thit b
n
S
Nc

Nm

Tnh trng

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

23

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Stt
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

8
9
10
11

v
Thit b ch to hnh

Ci

Ci

Ci

Ci

Ci

Ci

Ci

Ci

Bng ti chuyn liu

Ci

50

Bng ti gch mc

Ci

20

Bng ti hi liu B500

Ci

Bng ti pha than B500

Ci

Ci

Ci

My ct gch CT 1200

Ci

Xe bn ch gch mc

Ci

20

Vn chuyn thit b

Ci

Thit b l nung hm

Ci

My cp liu thng CLT


1.4
My cp liu thng CLT
3.2
My nghin xa lun
My cn th CTT
1000x600
My cn mn CTM
1000x800
My nho lc thy lc
NLTL 500
My nho n chn
khng ng b NCK
450 (gm c my nn
kh, t iu khin kh
nn ct ly hp, bm
chn khng ly hp).

12 My nghin than NB
3.0
13
My mi qu cn MQC
14
15
16
B

lng sn xut
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
i
Loan
Vit
Nam
Vit
Nam
i
Loan
i

sn
xut

thit b
mi (%)

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2009

100%

2010

100%

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

24

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

sy
Qut ht kh thi l
nung

Loan
Vit
Ci
3
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut ht tun hon
Ci
2
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut khuy hm sy
Ci
1
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut thu hi kh nng
Ci
2
2010
100%
Nam
Vit
Qut cp kh cui l
Ci
2
2010
100%
Nam
Ca ko bng ti TK
i
Ci
3
2010
100%
500
Loan
Kch thy lc l nung
i
Ci
1
2009
100%
60T/1500
Loan
Kch thy lc hm sy
i
Ci
1
2009
100%
40T/1500
Loan
i
Ti ko goong TK 2000
Ci
2
2009
100%
Loan
i
Xe ph in XPD 16 6 Ci
2
2009
100%
Loan
My nng than TK
i
Ci
1
209
100%
750
Loan
Khung thp xe goong
Vit
Ci
60
2005
100%
bnh gang XG 2.6x2.6
Nam
Vit
Qut ht kh thi l sy
Ci
1
2009
100%
Nam
Xe thng ch gch i
Vit
Ci
6
2009
100%
tiu th
Nam
Vit
H thng van
Ci
1
2009
100%
Nam
Vit
Vn chuyn thit b
Ci
1
2009
100%
Nam
Xe nng
Ci
2
Nht
2005
100%
Trung
Xe ben
Ci
2
2005
100%
quc
Trung
Xe cuc
Ci
2
2005
100%
quc
Ngun: Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin, 2010
1.5.2.2. Cc hng mc xy dng cng trnh

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

25

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Tng din tch ca cng ty l 26.057,70 m2 . Trong din tch s dng l


17.920 m2, vi cc hng mc nh sau:
+ Nh xng sn xut: 15.852 m2
+ Nh bo v: 30 m2
+ Nh v sinh cng nhn: 100 m2
+ B cha nc PCCC: 100m2
+ Nh cng nhn: 500 m2
Din tch cn li trong tng s 26.057,70 m2 hin ti ca cng ty ch u t
tin hnh trng cy xanh 5211,54 m2.
1.6. NHU CU LAO NG CHO D N
m bo hot ng sn xut ca d n th tng s lao ng ca ton Nh
my m bo nh sau:
Lao ng qun l:
5 ngi
Lao ng hnh chnh s nghip:
15 ngi
Cn b nghip v thng mi:
10 ngi
Cng nhn sn xut:
70 ngi
1.7. NHU CU VN CHO D N
Tng vn u t cho d n d kin l 65.134.741.940 ng, trong :
Vn t c: 25.134.741.940 ng
Vn vay: 40.000.000.000 ng
1.8. TIN THC HIN D N
Qu trnh thc hin xy dng v hot ng ca D n nh sau:
Hon tt cc th tc: t thng 7/2010 11/2010.
Khi cng xy dng: t thng 12/2010 04/2011.
Hot ng: 05/2011
Sau khi cc giai on ca cng tc xy lp v lp t cc thit b hon chnh,
vic a dy chuyn vo hot ng thc hin theo chng trnh sau:
Vn hnh chy th cc thit b ch bin to hnh.
Vn hnh chy th thit b l nung, hm sy.
Sn xut th khu ch to hnh.
Sy v l nung Tuynel.
a Nh my vo vn hnh ng b.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

26

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

CHNG 2
IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V
KINH T - X HI TI KHU VC THC HIN D N
2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG
2.1.1. iu kin a l a cht1
2.1.1.1. a hnh
a hnh vng lnh th tnh Bnh Phc c th xp vo loi cao nguyn pha
Bc v ng Bc, a dng a hnh, l i ni, thp dn t pha ng Bc v pha
Ty v Ty Nam do l vng chuyn tip t cao nguyn vi ng bng. Pha ng
Bc l i ni, c cao trung bnh 450-500m so vi mt nc bin, cao nht l ni
B R 733m, pha Ty Bc gm nhng dy ni thp v i ln song vi cao
ph bin 20-30m, cn li l t bng phng.
a hnh khu vc trin khai d n tng i bng phng, tuy nhin do ng
Quc l 13 cao hn khu t bnh qun 30cm, nn khi xy dng bt buc phi san
lp mt bng sao cho cao bng hoc cao hn Quc l 13, nhm m bo thot nc,
trnh ngp ng v thun li cho vic lu thong ra vo cng ty.
2.1.1.2. a cht
(1). a tng:
t Feralit vng xm, pht trin trn nn t ph sa c, t hi cht, thnh
phn c gii tht pha ct, t l ct 50-70%, t l ln b mt < 10%, kh nng chu
lc theo kt qu kho st ton vng ca S Xy Dng l t 2.93.5kgN/cm2. Nh
vy, vi iu kin a cht nh trn hon ton m bo cho vic xy dng nh cng
nghip, khng phi gia c nn mng cng trnh.
(2). a cht cng trnh:
Tham kho kt qu phn tch ca d n m t st, khu vc d n c a cht
cng trnh gm cc lp nh sau:
Lp 1: bt st t ct mu xm trng, trng thi do cng, b dy trung bnh l
0,9m.
Lp 2: st ln kt vn laterit mu xm, loang l nu , trng thi na cng,
b dy t 0,5 1,9m.
1

Nim gim thng k tnh Bnh Phc nm 2009

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

27

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Lp st: st, st b mu xm, loang l nu , xm trng, trng thi do


cng, b dy thay i t 8 12,0m.
2.1.2. iu kin kh tng thy vn
D n nm trong khu vc c iu kin kh hu c trng ca kh hu nhit i
gi ma ca min ng Nam B Vit Nam, kh hu tng i n ha v n nh
vi 2 ma ma, nng r rt. Ma nng t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau, ma ma
ko di t thng 5 n thng 11.
Khu vc u t d n b nh hng ca kh hu nhit i gi ma, c 2 ma,
ma kh v ma ma, ma ma ko di t thng 5 n thng 11, lng ma chim
90% c nm, ma nhiu nht tp trung vo 3 thng: 7, 8 v 9 trong nm, cc s liu
thng k nh sau:
Lng ma trung bnh trong nm: 2.068mm
Lng ma cao nht trong nm:
2.846mm
Lng ma thp nht trong nm: 1.637mm
S ngy ma:
112-145 ngy
Nhit trung bnh vo ma ma: 26oC 27oC
Nhit cao nht vo thng 4 l:
38oC
Nhit thp nht vo thng 1 l: 18oC
Ma kh ko di t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau, trong thi gian ny lng
ma ch chim khong 10% lng ma trong nm v nh sang chiu sng t 7h
9h mt ngy.
m bnh qun nm l 76.6%, cao tuyt i vo thng 9 l khong 83% 85%, thp tuyt i vo thng 3, 4 hng nm c th xung ti 45.6%.
Hng gi thnh hnh l Bc ng Bc vo cc thng 11, 12, 1, 2 trong nm,
ring thng 10 thng thay i hng gi. Cc thng cn li hng gi thnh hnh
l Nam ng Nam. Tc gi trung bnh l 3.15m/s.
Lng nc bc hi hng nm thay i t 1.200mm 1.400mm, lng nc
bc hi cao nht hng nm vo thng 3 l 1.533mm v thp nht vo thng 7 l
700mm. c im l khng sng gi v bi.
Nh vy, khi tin hnh xy dng, chng ta ch c th tp trung chnh vo ma
kh.
2.1.3. iu kin thy vn
Xung quanh khu t cch khu t 1700m v pha ty c mt sui nh chy v
cu Cn L c lu lng trung bnh 23,5m3/s,ngun nc s dng cho d n s l
nc ngm. Theo kt qu kho st ca lin on a cht s 8 ngun nc ngm
khu vc ny nm tng i su so vi mt t t nhin, qua kho st mt s ging

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

28

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

o c su t 15-30m v ging khoan trong c su t 40 70m mi c mc


nc m bo cho phc v nhu cu ca d n. Lu lng ging khoan t 4-6m3/h.
2.1.4. Hin trng mi trng v ti nguyn khu vc d n
2.1.4.1. Hin trng mi trng khng kh ting n
nh gi hin trng cht lng khng kh, ngy 19/09/2010, Cng ty
TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin kt hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi
ng dng tin hnh ly 3 mu khng kh ti khu vc d n. Kt qu phn tch
cht lng khng kh khu vc D n c trnh by trong bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1: K hiu v tr ly mu
Stt
K hiu
V tr
1
K01
Khu vc xy dng xng 1
2
K02
Khu vc xy dng xng 2
3
K03
Cng nh my gn ng Quc l 13
Bng 2.2: Kt qu phn tch cht lng khng kh ti khu vc D n
Stt
QCVN,
Ch tiu phn tch
K01
K02
K03
TCVN
0
1 Nhit (t C)
32,2
32,5
32,4
2 m (%)
63,8
62,8
63,1
3 Tc gi (m/s)
1,2-1,5
1,2 1,4
1,3 1,5
4 Bi (mg/m3)
0,18
0,21
0,25
0,3 (**)
5 SO2 (mg/m3)
0,074
0,067
0,072
0,35(**)
6 NO2 (mg/m3)
0,063
0,076
0,046
0,35(**)
3
7 CO (mg/m )
4,58
4,32
4,12
30(**)
8 Ting n (dBA)
71,2
65,8
66,4
75(*)
Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, 2010.
Ghi ch :
(*) TCVN 5949-1998: m hc- Ting n khu vc cng cng v dn cmc n ti a cho php .
(**) QCVN 05: 2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng
khng kh xung quanh.
Phng php ly mu, phn tch, tnh ton xc nh tng thng s c th c
quy nh trong cc Tiu chun Vit Nam tng ng.
Nhn xt : So snh cc kt qu phn tch c vi cc Quy chun, tiu chun
cht lng mi trng khng kh xung quanh QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT v TCVN

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

29

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

5949-1998 cho thy: Tt c cc ch tiu u nm trong tiu chun cho php. Mi


trng khng kh ca khu vc cn tng i sch.
2.1.4.2. Hin trng cht lng nc mt
nh gi hin trng cht lng nc mt ti khu vc D n, Cng ty
TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin v Cng ty CP T PT Cng ngh Mi trng
Thi Bnh Dng phi hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng ly
mu v phn tch nc mt ti khu vc D n vo thng 09/2010 trong iu kin
tri nng.
V tr cc im ly mu v iu kin ly mu xem Bng 2.3.
Bng 2.3: V tr cc im ly mu nc mt v iu kin
ly mu
Stt
Mu
V tr quan trc v iu kin ly mu
1
NM01
Sui nh, cch nh my 1.700m v pha Ty

Kt qu o c v phn tch cht lng nc mt c trnh by trong bng 2.4 sau:


Bng 2.4: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc mt khu vc
d n
K hiu mu v
QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT
Stt
Thng s
n v
kt qu
NM01
B1
B2
1 pH
6,5
5,5 - 9
5,5 - 9
2 BOD5
mg/l
3,2
15
25
3 COD
mg/l
6,1
30
50
4 DO
mg/l
4,2
4
2
5 TSS
mg/l
18
50
100
6 NO3
mg/l
0,03
10
15
7 NO2mg/l
0,45
0,04
0,05
8 NH4+
mg/l
0,09
0,5
1
9 Cu
mg/l
0,15
0,5
1
10 Fe
mg/l
KPH
1,5
2
11 Pb
mg/l
KPH
0,05
0,05
Tng
MPN/100
7.500
10.000
12
392
Coliform
ml
Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng,thng 9/2010.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

30

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Nhn xt: Kt qu o c v phn tch trn cho thy nc mt khu vc d n


hin cn kh tt. Cc thng s o c v thu mu, phn tch u nm trong gii hn
cho php ca Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc mt - QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, ct
B1.
2.1.4.3. Cht lng nc ngm
nh gi hin trng cht lng nc ngm ti khu vc D n, Cng ty
TNHH MTV SX- TM Hong Thin v Cng ty CP T PT Cng ngh Mi trng
Thi Bnh Dng Xanh phi hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng
dng ly v phn tch mu nc ngm ti khu vc D n vo thng 09/2010 trong
iu kin tri nng.
V tr cc im ly mu v iu kin ly mu c trnh by trong Bng 2.5.
Bng 2.5: V tr ly mu nc ngm
Stt
Mu
V tr quan trc v iu kin ly mu
1
NN01
Ging khoan cng ty
Kt qu o c v phn tch cht lng nc ngm c trnh by trong bng sau:
Bng 2.6: Kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu
vc d n
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Ch tiu

n v

Kt qu

QCVN
09:2008/BTNMT

pH
6,8
5,5 8,5
cng
mg/l
219
500
TDS
mg/l
429
1.500
COD
mg/l
1,5
4
Amoni
mg/l
0,03
0,1
Nitrit
mg/l
0,43
1,0
Nitrat
mg/l
3,67
15
Asen
mg/l
KPH
0,05
Mangan
mg/l
0,21
0,5
Tng
MPN/100m
KPH
3
Coliform
l
Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, thng 09/2010

Nhn xt: So snh kt qu phn tch vi Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc
ngm - QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT cho thyCc ch tiu kim loi u t tiu chun
cho php. Nc ngm c s dng trong sinh hot, n ung.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

31

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

2.1.4.4. Hin trng cht lng mi trng t


nh gi hin trng cht lng t ti khu vc D n, Cng ty TNHH
MTV SX TM Hong Thin v Cng ty Cng ty CP T PT Cng ngh Mi
trngThi Bnh Dng phi hp vi Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng
dng o c v ly mu t ti khu vc D n vo thng 09/2010 trong iu kin
tri nng nh.
V tr cc im ly mu v iu kin ly mu Bng 2.7.
Bng 2.7: V tr ly mu t khu vc d n
Stt
Mu
M t v tr v iu kin ly mu
1
D01
Khu vc thc hin d n
Kt qu o c v phn tch cht lng t c trnh by nh sau:
Bng 2.8: Cht lng t ti khu vc d n
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6

Ch
tiu
Mn
Pb
As
Cu
Zn
Cd

n v

Kt qu mu
D01

QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT

%
2,17
mg/kg t kh
1,05
120
mg/kg t kh
0,03
12
mg/kg t kh
10,9
70
mg/kg t kh
0,27
200
mg/kg t kh
0,05
5
Ngun: Trung tm mi trng v sinh thi ng dng, thng 09/2010.

Nhn xt: Tt c cc ch tiu kim loi trong t u t Quy chun k thut


Quc gia v gii hn cho php ca kim loi nng trong t QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT vi loi t dn sinh.
2.2. IU KIN KINH T X HI2
2.2.1. Thc trng pht trin kinh t
2.2.1.1. Tnh hnh pht trin chung
C cu gi tr sn xut ngnh nng - lm - ng nghip t nm 2000 n nm 2006
cho ta thy gi tr sn xut nng nghip ca huyn lun chim t trng cao (982

Ngun Nim gim thng k Tnh Bnh Phc nm 2009.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

32

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

99%). Gi tr sn xut lm nghip v ng nghip mc d c chiu hng tng


dn qua cc nm v gia tr tuyt i, tuy nhin ch chim mt t trng nh trong
sn xut nng - lm - ng nghip ca huyn sut t nm 2000 n nm 2006.
Nm 2006 gi tr tng thm ca nn kinh t huyn t 552.800 triu trong
ngnh nng lm nghip t 389.755 triu (gi 1994), vi tc tng bnh qun
thi k 2001-2005 l 13,13%/nm, trong ngnh nng lm nghip t 10,4%,
ng gp vo tng trng thi k 2001-2005 ca ngnh sn xut nng - lm ng nghip l 8,01%.
Nn kinh t ca Lc Ninh da ch yu vo nng nghip. Lc Ninh cng
pht trin cc loi cy cng nghip nh cao su, c ph, iu, tiu v cc loi cy n
qu lu nm. Lc Ninh l vng t ph nhiu, t y ch yu l t bazan.
Ton b khu vc l vng dn c tha tht, nhn dn ch yu sng bng ngh
nng, mt s cha n nh v c trnh vn ha thp, do ngh nghip c tnh cht
thi v nn khi ht v a s ngi dn u khng c vic lm, rt cn cng vic khi
ht v thu hoch. y chnh l iu kin thun li cho cc doanh nghip trong
vic tuyn dng cng nhn, nht l i vi ngnh sn xut ht iu vi cng vic
n gin, th cng l chnh, khng i hi trnh cao, mt no to cng n,
vic lm cng nh to iu h tr nhn dn, xa i gim ngho.
2.2.2. Tnh hnh vn ha, x hi
2.2.2.1. Trong lnh vc gio dc
H thng trng lp v c s vt cht ca cc cp hc m bo cho vic dy v
hc, tng bc c kin c ha. Tng kt 2008 2009 nhn chung cht lng dy
v hc ca cc trng c chuyn bin tch cc c v s lng ln cht lng. Trong
:
Trng mu gio: c 295 chu/9 lp cao hn s vi cng k 71 chu, kt qu
nm hc ca cc chu t B khe b ngoan cp trng t 47 chu, cp huyn
39 chu, cp tnh 18 chu v 01 chu t gii khuyn khch cp huyn trong hi thi
ngi cng dn t hon.
Trng tiu hc: T l hc sinh ln lp thng t 95,9% cao hn so vi cng
k 1,5%. Hc sinh gii kh 199 chu.
Trng Trung hc c s: Tng s hc sinh nm hc 2008-2009 l 593HS/15
lp. Hc sinh ln lp thng 533 em t 88,7%, hc sinh gii tin tin 235 em t
39,1%.
Cng tc khuyn hc: tip tc duy tr cc chi hi khuyn hc cc khu dn c.
Chi hi c tng s 776 hi vin tham gia tt c cc chi hi trn ton x.
2.2.2.2. Cng tc y t
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

33

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

T chc khm cha bnh cho 11.415 lt ngi. Trong , khm bo him cho
ngi ln, bo him tr em 1916 lt. T chc iu tr ngoi tr 90 ngi, ngoi tr
16 ngi, chuyn tuyn 22 ngi, phi hp khm ngha v qun s cho 40 thanh
nin phc v cng tc tuyn qun nm 2009.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

34

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

CHNG 3
NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.1. NGUN TC NG
3.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on san lp mt bng v xy
dng cng trnh
3.1.1.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi
Giai on chun b xy dng, san lp mt bng, xy dng h thng giao thng
trong ni b, cc cng trnh d n, h thng cung cp in, nc, thng tin lin lc,
xy dng h thng cp thot nc, bn bi, h thng thu gom rc thi, trng cy
xanh, thm c. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on
xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.1.
Bng 3.1. Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng mi trng trong giai on
xy dng
S Cc hot ng
Ngun gy tc ng
Tc nhn gy tc
Stt
ng
1 Gii ta, san lp - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu xy - Pht sinh kh thi
mt bng
dng, ct, , st thp, ng nh SO2, NOx, CO,
cng, ct in, ng dy, THC, bi v ting
trm bin in, thit b my n.
mc
- Cc my mc phc v thi
cng xy dng: ba my, cn - Pht sinh kh thi
nh SO2, NOx, CO,
cu,
- Qu trnh thi cng c gia THC, bi v ting
n.
nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy
- Nhit, CO2, tia la
in,
2 Xy dng h - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu - Pht sinh kh thi
thng cp thot XD, t, ct, ,
nh SO2, NOx, CO,
nc, thu gom
THC, bi v ting
cht thi rn, - Qu trnh thi cng c gia n.
cc cng trnh nhit: ct, hn, t nng chy. - Nhit, CO2, tia la
phc v d n
in,
3 Vn
chuyn - Xe ti vn chuyn vt liu - Pht sinh kh thi
nguyn vt liu, XD, t, ct, ,
nh SO2, NOx, CO,
thit b phc v
THC, bi v ting
d n.
n.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

35

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

4 Hot ng d - Cc thng cha xng, du.


- Cht thi rn l
tr, bo qun
thng cha, hi xng
nhin nguyn
du r r,
vt liu phc v
cng trnh
5 Sinh hot ca - Sinh hot ca 100 cng nhn - Nc thi c cha
cng nhn ti vin trn cng trng
BOD cao, cht dinh
cng trng
dng (N,P), v vi
sinh cao.
- CTR sinh hot cha
nhiu cht hu c.
Nhn xt: ngun gy tc ng trong giai on xy dng l kh nhiu, cn c
nh gi c th c phng n d phng, khc phc tt nht. Chng ti s nh
gi chi tit ti lng, nng , hm lng v mc tc ng trong nhng phn sau
ca chng ny.
3.1.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi
Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai
on xy dng c trnh by trong bng 3.2.
Bng 3.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi
trong giai on xy dng
Stt
Ngun gy tc ng
Tc ng
1 San i mt bng, o t,...
Gy xi t, ngp nc cc b, nh
hng nn mng a cht khu vc, gy
bin i vi kh hu,...
2 Hot ng thi cng, my mc, Bin i a cht, gy bin i vi kh hu
san i mt bng
3 S tp trung lng ln cng
Gy ra xo trn i sng x hi a
nhn
phng, mt an ninh trt t, v c th pht
sinh nhng t nn khc.
Nhn xt: c t ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi, tuy nhin
nhng tc ng dng tim tng, kh d on v lc xy ra s c tc hi rt ln.
Chng ti s thc cng tc nh gi trong nhng phn sau ca chng ny.

3.1.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng trong giai on hot ng


n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

36

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

3.1.2.1. Cc ngun gy tc ng c lin quan n cht thi


Ngun pht sinh cht thi trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n c nu c th
nh sau:
(1). Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh
Kh thi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n c ngun gc pht sinh
t dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut ca nh my, cc my mc thit b t nhin liu,
cc hot ng giao thng vn ti,...
T cc ngun gy nhim nh nu trn, kh thi c th phn loi theo tng
loi ngun pht thi nh sau:
a). Kh thi t dy chuyn cng ngh
Trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n, dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut ca d
n c nhiu cng on khc nhau v mi cng on c th pht sinh cc cht gy
nhim mi trng khng kh xung quanh, lm nh hng n sc khe ca cn b
cng nhn vin lm vic trong nh my. Cc cng on c th pht sinh cc cht
nhim nh l:
Qu trnh i, nghin, cn nguyn liu v than c th pht sinh bi, ting n;
Qu trnh phi trn, vn chuyn v lu tr nguyn, nhin liu sn phm
pht sinh ra bi, ting n.
Kh thi t cc my mc thit b phc v d n c th pht sinh cc cht
nhim mi trng khng kh nh : COx, NOx, SOx,...
Kh thi do qu trnh nung gch c pht sinh kh thi HF.
b). Kh thi t ngun t nhin liu ca my mc thit b
Cc loi my mc thit b ca d n nh my pht in d phng, my i, l
sy,... t nhin liu lm pht sinh kh thi vi thnh phn ch yu l bi, SO2, NOx,
CO, THC, ... quy m pht thi rt ng k, gy nh hng tc ng tiu cc ti
mi trng khng kh. Do , cc ngun kh thi ny cn c nh gi tc ng
mi trng c th.
c). Kh thi t hot ng giao thng vn ti
Trong qu trnh hot ng, hng ngy ti khu vc d n s c cc hot ng
giao thng, vn ti chuyn ch cc loi nguyn nhin vt liu v sn phm ra vo
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

37

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

nh my. Cc loi xe giao thng v cc loi xe vn ti chuyn ch cc loi nguyn


nhin vt liu v sn phm ra vo khu vc d n s lm pht sinh kh thi t cc
phng tin giao thng vn ti bao gm bi, SOx, NOx, CO, THC, ... cn c nh
gi tc ng mi trng c th, nht l i vi kh NOx. Ti lng cc cht nhim
cha trong kh thi ph thuc vo s lng xe lu thng, loi nhin liu s dng,
tnh trng k thut ca phng tin giao thng v cht lng ng giao thng.
d). Kh thi t cc hot ng khc
Cc hot ng khc nh thu gom rc thi, v sinh nh xng sn xut, nht l
ti cc ni thu gom, tn tr, vn chuyn rc thi, sinh ra cc kh nhim nh: NH3,
H2S, CH4, mercaptan, bi, CO, NOx, SOx, ... do qu trnh phn hy sinh hc.
e). Ngun gy tc ng trong qu trnh t nhin liu DO
Vic s dng cc cng on gia nhit trong thi cng cng c kh nng gy ra
chy
+ Cc ngun nhin liu (du FO, DO) thng c cha trong phm vi cng trng l
mt ngun gy chy n quan trng. c bit l khi cc kho (bi) cha ny nm gn
cc ni c gia nhit, hoc cc ni c ngun d gy chy nh l cy, bi cy kh;
+ S c chy n khc na c th pht sinh l t cc s c v in.
Khu vc khai hoang, c rt nhiu cc loi cy, bi kh pht quang, qu
trnh chy n s trong khu vc d n s lm gia tng nguy c chy lan ra cc khu
rng ln cn nu khng co bin phap bao v.
(2). Cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc
a). Nc thi sn xut
Do tnh cht ca cng ngh sn xut gch ngi t st nung, nhu cu s dng
nc cho sn xut rt t, ch ch yu dng ngm v pha thm vo nguyn liu
trong qu trnh ch bin nn lng nc thi t sn xut ra mi trng gn nh
khng c. Nc thi sn xut ca l mt lng nc nh t h thng lc bi m.
b). Nc thi sinh hot
Ngun nc thi sinh hot pht sinh do hot ng ca ton b CBCNV lm
vic trong nh my c thnh phn kh n nh, gm cc cht cn b, cc cht rn l
lng, cc cht dinh dng, cht hu c, vi sinh, ... nu khng c x l s gy
nhim mi trng.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

38

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

(3). Cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn


Cht thi rn pht sinh trong d n bao gm cc cht thi rn sn xut v rc
thi sinh hot, gy tc ng nhim mi trng t, nc v khng kh (do kh v
cc loi ho cht, nc rc r r, vi sinh gy bnh, rui mui, mi hi khng kh,
).
a). Cht thi rn sn xut
Cht thi rn sn xut pht sinh t cc hot ng ca d n bao gm vn
t, ct, bi t sa lng, cc vt liu tr trong qu trnh sn xut.
Du cn, bn thi t h thng lc bi m;
Tro t t than b sung qua l trn nc l: 3.400 tn/nm x 1/3 = 1133
tn/nm (94,4tn/thng).
b). Cht thi rn sinh hot
Cht thi rn sinh hot ca CBCNV lm vic trong nh my bao gm: Hp
giy, bao nylon, giy vn, thy tinh, thc n tha, ...
3.1.2.2. Cc ngun gy tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi
Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi trong giai
on vn hnh c trnh by trong bng 3.3.
Bng 3.3. Cc ngun gy tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi
trong giai on hot ng
Stt
Ngun gy tc ng
1
Nc ma chy trn qua ton b mt bng d n
2
Xi mn, bi lng cc sng, knh rch trong khu vc d n
3
S tp trung lng ln cng nhn gy ra xo trn i sng x hi a
phng
3.1.3. S c mi trng
3.1.3.1. Nhng ri ro trong giai on thi cng xy dng
(1). S c tai nn lao ng

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

39

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Nhn chung, s c tai nn lao ng c th xy ra trong bt k mt cng on


thi cng xy dng d n. Nguyn nhn ca cc trng hp xy ra s c tai nn lao
ng trn cng trng xy dng c xc nh ch yu bao gm :
nhim mi trng xy ra trong qu trnh thi cng lm nh hng xu ti
sc khe ca cng nhn. Mt vi loi nhim cp tnh ty thuc theo thi gian v
mc tc dng c kh nng gy mt mi, chong vng hay ngt cho cng nhn
trong khi lao ng;
Cng vic lp rp, thi cng v qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu vi
mt xe, ting n, rung cao c th gy ra cc tai nn lao ng, tai nn giao
thng, ...
Do tnh bt cn trong lao ng, thiu trang b bo h lao ng, hoc do
thiu thc tun th nghim chnh v ni quy an ton lao ng ca cng nhn thi
cng.
Vi cc nh gi tc ng nhim do bi, kh thi trong qu trnh thi cng xy
dng d n trnh by bn di, th nguy c xy ra nhim mi trng c nh
hng xu n sc khe ngi lao ng c nh gi l cao trong iu kin thi
cng nng nng v ng gi. Do vy, Ch u t p dng cc bin php bo m
an ton lao ng ph hp trong trng hp ny v khi thy cn thit c th tm
hon qu trnh thi cng, hoc cho cng nhn c ngh ngi di hn bo m an
ton lao ng.
Trong hai trng hp cn li, Ch u t bo m k thut v k hoch thi
cng, iu ng my mc, xe c, thit b k thut mt cch khoa hc v bo m
ni quy an ton lao ng cho lc lng cng nhn thi cng trn cng trng.
(2). S c chy n
S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin
liu, hoc do s thiu an ton v h thng cp in tm thi, gy nn cc thit hi v
ngi v ca trong qu trnh thi cng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh
sau :
Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu tm thi phc v cho thi cng, my mc,
thit b k thut (xng, du DO, du FO...) l cc ngun gy chy n. Khi s c xy
ra c th gy ra thit hi nghim trng v ngi, kinh t v mi trng;
H thng cp in tm thi cho cc my mc, thit b thi cng c th gy
ra s c git, chp, chy n, , gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho
cng nhn;
Vic s dng cc thit b gia nhit trong thi cng (un, ri nha ng, ...)
c th gy ra chy, bng hay tai nn lao ng nu nh khng c cc bin php
phng nga.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

40

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Do cc trng hp s c ny c th xy ra bt k lc no, nn Ch u t bo
m p dng cc bin php phng chng, khng ch hiu qu nhm hn ch ti a
cc tc ng tiu cc ny.
(3). S c tai nn giao thng
S c tai nn giao thng c th xy ra bt k lc no trong qu trnh thi cng,
gy thit hi v ti sn v tnh mng. Nguyn nhn c th do phng tin vn
chuyn khng m bo k thut hoc do cng nhn iu khin khng ch hoc
khng tun th cc nguyn tc an ton giao thng. S c ny hon ton phng trnh
c bng cch kim tra tnh trng k thut cc phng tin vn ti m bo an
ton giao thng, tuyn truyn nng cao thc chp hnh lut l giao thng cho cng
nhn iu khin.
3.1.3.2. Nhng ri ro trong giai on hot ng
(1). S c tai nn lao ng
Tai nn lao ng c th xy ra khi cc nh my ang hot ng. Nguyn nhn
ch yu l bao gm:
Bt cn ca cng nhn trong vn hnh my mc, thit b;
Tnh trng sc kho ca cng nhn khng tt: ng gt trong lc lm vic,
lm vic qu sc gy chong,
(2). S c r r nhin liu
S c r r nhin liu dng lng hay kh khi xy ra s gy ra nhng tc hi ln
(nht l r r cc hp cht dng kh) nh gy c cho con ngi, ng thc vt, gy
chy, n, ... Cc s c loi ny c th dn ti thit hi ln v kinh t - x hi cng
nh h sinh thi trong khu vc v cc vng ln cn.
(3). S c chy n
S c chy n c th xy ra trong trng hp vn chuyn v tn cha nhin
liu, h thng cp in gp s c, gy nn cc thit hi v ngi v ca trong qu
trnh thi cng. C th xc nh cc nguyn nhn c th nh sau:
Cc kho cha nguyn nhin liu (xng, du DO, du FO, ...) l cc ngun
gy chy n. Khi s c xy ra c th gy ra thit hi c v ngi, kinh t v mi
trng;
H thng cp in cho cc nh my c th gy ra s c git, chp, chy n,
gy thit hi v kinh t hay tai nn lao ng cho cng nhn;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

41

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Do cc trng hp s c ny c th xy ra bt k lc no, nn Ch u t bo
m p dng cc bin php phng chng, khng ch hiu qu nhm hn ch ti a
cc tc ng tiu cc ny.
3.2. I TNG, QUY M B TC NG
3.2.1. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng
i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on xy dng c trnh by trong bng
3.4.
Bng 3.4. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng.
Stt i tng b tc ng
Quy m b tc ng
1 Thm thc vt
Ton b thm thc vt trong din tch 17.920
ha ca khu t d n.
2 t ai
Ton b t ai trong khu vc d n.
3 ng giao thng
Khong hn 30 km quc l 13 v ng giao
thng quy hoch.
4 Bu kh quyn khu vc Bn knh nh hng khong 3 km tnh t tm
d n
khu t d n.
5 Knh rch gn khu vc Sui nh cch nh xng 1.700 m v pha ty
d n
6 Cng nhn
Ton b cng nhn trn cng trng.
7 Nhn dn a phng
Cc h dn gn khu vc d n.
3.2.2. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on vn hnh hot ng
i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng ca d n c a ra
trong bng 3.5.
Bng 3.5. i tng, quy m b tc ng trong giai on hot ng
Stt
i tng b tc ng
Quy m b tc ng
1 Mi trng khng kh khu vc
Bn knh nh hng khong 3km tnh
t tm khu vc d n
2 Knh, rch gn khu vc thc hin Sui nh tip nhn mt lng ln
d n
nc ma chy trn qua khu vc d
n cng nh nc thi sinh hot ca
cn b cng nhn vin trong khu vc
d n.
3 ng giao thng
Cc ng giao thng quy hoch
trong khu vc d n; Cc ng giao
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

42

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

4 Cng nhn
5 C dn a phng

thng trong tuyn vn chuyn nhin


vt liu, sn phm. Tuyn ng quc
l 13
Ton b cng nhn lm vic trong nh
my
Cc h dn sng gn khu vc d n

3.3. NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.3.1. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on xy dng
3.3.1.1. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh
Cc hot ng v ngun gy tc ng trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n
nh c trnh by trong bng 3.1 trn sinh ra cc tc nhn gy nhim mi
trng khng kh nh sau:
Bi do o p t ct san lp mt bng;
Bi pht sinh do qu trnh vn chuyn v bc d:
+ Khi lng thc vt do pht quang mt bng;
+ Ct, t phc v cng tc san lp mt bng;
+ Nguyn vt liu phc v xy dng (, ct, xi mng, st, vv..);
+ Thit b my mc phc v xy dng cc cng trnh ca nh my;
Bi, hi xng du pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn,
vt liu;
Bi than v cc cht kh SO2, NO2, CO, THC do khi thi ca xe ti vn
chuyn t ct san lp, khi thi xe c gii vn chuyn cy ci, ct, t, , vt liu,
thit b, nhin liu..., khi thi ca cc thit b my mc phc v xy dng (ba
my, xe cu,...);
Nhin, nguyn vt liu ri vi (ct, , xi mng, xng du, sn,);
Bc x nhit t cc qu trnh thi cng c gia nhit, khi hn (nh qu trnh
ct, hn st thp; ct, hn lp rp thit b; t nng chy Bitum tri nha
ng ...);
Ting n, rung do cc phng tin giao thng vn chuyn, cc my mc
thit b;
Mi hi pht sinh t khu v sinh tm ca cng nhn, t ni tp trung cht
thi sinh hot ca cng nhn.
Cc tc nhn trn gy nhiu tc ng, nh hng n mi trng v sc khe
cng nhn. Trong , tc ng do bi, kh thi phng tin giao thng vn chuyn
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

43

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

v ting n l ba tc ng ch yu nht ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng. Cc tc


ng ny s c nh gi chi tit nh sau:
(1). nhim do bi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng
a). nhim do bi trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng
Trong qu trnh gii phng mt bng, bi pht sinh trn khu vc d n do vic
pht quang. Tuy nhin, bi pht sinh c tnh cht cc b, di ng, rt gin on v
pht tn trn din tch 17.920 m2 rng v trng cy xanh, rt thong ( trn tng
din tch 26.500 m2 ca cng ty) , nn mc nhim khng kh do bi trong
trng hp ny c nh hng hon ton khng ng k ti sc khe cng nhn v
dn c sng ti khu vc xung quanh.
b). nhim do bi pht sinh t vn chuyn t san lp mt bng
Trong san lp mt bng d n, th cc hot ng o, p v vn chuyn t
san lp s lm pht sinh ra bi (bi l lng v bi lng).
Theo nh c tnh mt bng ca ton khu phi c san lp ln trung bnh
khong 0,4 m, tuy nhin ch u t san lp trc khong 9.000 m2 nn trong giai
on ny ch tin hnh nng nn pha sau ln. Do vy d n cn lng t san
lp tng ng l 3.600 m3 khi lng t. Ti trng t trung bnh l 1,45 tn/m3,
nn tng khi lng t s c o p l khong 5.220 tn. Vi h s nhim
bi trung bnh l 0,134 kg/tn t san lp, th tng ti lng bi pht sinh trung bnh
do vic o, p trong thi gian san lp mt bng l khong 699,48 kg.
Bi pht sinh bao gm bi l lng v bi lng, cho nn vic xc nh ring
nng bi l lng l rt kh khn do hin nay cn thiu cc phng php nh gi
v cc kt qu nghin cu trnh din v xc nh hm lng bi l lng ph bin
trong cc trng hp ny. V vy, y ch c tnh s b h s pht thi bi b
mt v nng bi trong th tch tc ng b mt i vi con ngi theo phng
php nh gi s b ca T chc Y t Th gii (WHO). Kt qu c trnh by
trong bng 3.6.
Bng 3.6. H s pht thi v nng bi c tnh pht sinh trong qu trnh
san lp
Ti lng * H s pht thi bi b mt **
Nng bi trung bnh ***
2
(kg/ngy)
(g/m /ngy)
(mg/m3)
34,974
3,24
4,8575
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Ghi ch:

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

44

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

*
: Ti lng (kg/ngy) = Tng ti lng bi (kg)/ S ngy thi cng
(ngy)
S ngy thi cng san lp mt bng l 20 ngy;
**
: H s ti lng bi b mt (g/m2/ngy )= Ti lng (kg/ngy) x 103
/ Din tch (m2)
Din tch mt bng d n cn san lp l 9000 m2;
***
: Nng trung bnh (mg/m3) = Ti lng (kg/ngy) x 106 / 24 / V
3
(m )
Th tch tc ng trn mt bng d n V = S x H vi S = 30.000 m2 v H =
10 m (v chiu cao o cc thng s kh tng l 10 m) ;
Theo bng 3.6, h s pht thi bi b mt v nng bi trung bnh c gi tr
rt cao (3,24 g/m2/ngy v 4,8575 mg/m3). Nu so snh vi QCVN 05-2009 (trung
bnh 0,3 mg/m3) th nng bi trung bnh pht sinh trn khu vc d n trong qu
trnh chun b mt bng xy dng vt rt xa so vi tiu chun cho php. Tuy
nhin, trong thc t nng bi l lng cc i trn khu vc d n s thp rt hn
nhiu do lng bi lng s nhanh chng lng t trn b mt din tch d n. Bn
cnh do b mt thong rng vi gi thi u, tc ng nh hng nhim do bi
s gim mnh theo bn knh pht tn bi (khong 3.000 m) v nm trong mc tiu
chun cho php.
c). nhim do bi t cc cng on thi cng xy dng khc
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, bi cn pht sinh do qu trnh vn chuyn
v bc d t ct, nguyn nhin vt liu, thit b my mc thi cng xy dng. Ngoi
ra bi cn pht sinh trong qu trnh tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn, vt liu. Tuy
nhin, do phn ln khi lng t ct, thit b my mc c vn chuyn bng
ng b v trn nhng on ng t dn c nn lng bi pht sinh trong qu
trnh vn chuyn khng gy nh hng nhiu n dn c. Tc ng ca bi ch nh
hng cc b ti ni bc d, pht sinh gin on v pht tn trn din tch rng
17.920 m2 nn tc ng khng ln. Ngoi ra, Ch u t s p dng cc bin php
gim thiu bi v trang b y phng tin bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nn
tc ng s cng c gim nh.
Tm li, tc ng nh hng do bi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng l
mc cho php. Song, v y l dng bi lng trn b mt v s pht tn mnh khi
c gi lc, dng git, nn Ch u t p dng cc bin php gim thiu bi v bo
m y trang b bo h lao ng cho cng nhn nhm bo v an ton sc khe
v nng lc lm vic ca cng nhn thi cng.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

45

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

i vi khu dn c xung quanh, th tc ng nhim do bi l khng ng k


do nm kh xa khu vc thi cng, din tch t cn li ch u t trng cy xanh
v khng chu nh hng tc ng trc tip.
(2). nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn v t cc thit b
my mc thi cng xy dng
Cc ngun tc ng trn gy nhim do s dng cc loi nhin liu t chy
(xng, du DO,) lm pht sinh kh thi gy tc ng trc tip n cng nhn thi
cng v mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
a). nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn t san lp
Khi lng t phi vn chuyn san lp mt bng d n nh c tnh trn
l 3.600 m3 tc khong 5.220 tn. Khi lng t ny s c vn chuyn bng xe
ti c ti trng 10 tn dng du DO (hm lng lu hunh 0,5%).
Nh th s lt xe vo cn thit vn chuyn lng t trn l khong 522
lt xe. S lt xe ra khng ti (xe khng ti c ti trng < 3,5 tn) quy i thnh
loi xe c trng ti 10 tn s l : 522 / 2,9 = 180 lt xe. Vy, tng s lt xe (trng
ti 10 tn) vo ra cn thit vn chuyn lng t ct trn l khong (522 + 180) =
702 lt xe vo ra khu vc d n.
Khi lng t san lp l tng i ln ln v vy s lng xe cng kh ln,
tuy nhin qung ng vn chuyn li rt ngn, ch khong 1km v t san lp c
ly t t bc b mt ca khu t nm cnh d n. Trn c s nh gi nhanh ca
T chc Y t th gii (WHO) thit lp i vi loi xe vn ti s dng du DO c ti
trng 3,5 - 16,0 tn, th tng ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi t cc phng
tin vn chuyn t thi cng c c tnh nh trong bng 3.7.
Bng 3.7. Ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi sinh ra t cc phng
tin vn chuyn t thi cng.
H s
Tng ti
Ti lng
Tng chiu di
Cht
nhim
lng (kg/thi trung bnh
Stt
tnh ton
nhim
(kg/1.000
gian thi cng)
ngy
(1.000 km)
km)
(kg/ngy)
01
Bi
0,9
5,04
4,54
0,227
02
SO2
4,15 S
5,04
10,50
0,525
03
NOx
14,4
5,04
72,58
3.629
04
CO
2,9
5,04
14,62
0,731
05
THC
0,8
5,04
4,03
0,202
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

46

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010


Ghi ch :
S l hm lng lu hunh (%) trong du DO, vi S = 0,5;
Thi gian thi cng l 20 ngy.
b). nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng, vn chuyn nguyn
nhin vt liu, my mc thit b v t cc my mc, thit b thi cng xy dng
Tc ng nhim do kh thi t cc phng tin giao thng, vn chuyn
nguyn nhin vt liu, my mc thit b trong cc hot ng thi cng xy dng khc
ca d n, hoc do hot ng ca cc my mc, thit b thi cng xy dng l rt kh
d bo c th do thiu cc s liu tnh ton tin cy, nht l do thiu cc s liu c
th v tng khi lng nguyn nhin vt liu, thit b, my mc cn thit vn
chuyn hoc v s lng v cng sut ca cc my mc, thit b thi cng hot ng
c pht thi kh thi trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n.
(3). nhim do ting n t cc phng tin giao thng, thit b thi cng
nc ta cha c tiu chun quy nh c th v mc ting n cho cng tc
thi cng xy dng ni chung. Tuy nhin, theo tiu chun ban hnh v mc cho
php ting n ti khu vc lao ng (TCVN 3985-1985) v gii hn ti a cho php
ting n khu vc cng cng v dn c (TCVN 5949-1998), th mc n ln nht cho
php l 85 dBA trong khu vc sn xut v mc n thp nht l 40 dBA ti cc bnh
vin, th vin, nh iu dng, trng hc t 22 gi n 6 gi sng. i vi khu
dn c, mc n ti a cho php (TCVN 5949-1995) khng c vt qu 75 dBA.
Nh vy, vi mc n pht ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng
trng nh trnh by trong bng 3.9 di y, th mc n cc i do cc thit b thi
cng gy ra u vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c. Tuy nhin, khu
vc thi cng d n nm rng v thong, nn tc ng ny l khng ng k.
Bng 3.8. Mc n sinh ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng trn cng
trng.
Stt
Thit b
Mc n (dBA), cch ngun n 15 m
01 My i
93,0
02 My khoan
87,0
03 My m nn (xe lu)
72,0 - 74,0
04 My xc gu trc
72,0 - 84,0
05 Gu ngc
72,0 - 93,0
06 My ko
77,0 - 96,0
07 My cp t
80,0 - 93,0
09 My lt ng
87,0 - 88,5
10 Xe ti
82,0 - 94,0
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

47

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

My trn b tng
75,0 - 88,0
Bm b tng
80,0 - 83,0
My p b tng
85,0
Cn trc di ng
76,0 - 87,0
My pht in
72,0 - 82,5
My nn
75,0 - 87,0
Ba chn v my khoan
81,0 - 98,0
My ng cc
95,0 - 106,0
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Trong khi , mc n cc i ca cc loi xe c gii c tng hp theo cc
ti liu k thut v trnh by nh trong bng 3.10 di y.
Bng 3.9. Mc n ca cc loi xe c gii.
Stt
Loi xe
Mc n (dBA)
01
Xe du lch
77
02
Xe mini bus
84
03
Xe vn ti
93
04
Xe m t 4 th
94
05
Xe m t 2 th
80
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Theo bng ny, th n cc i ca cc loi xe vn ti (93 dBA) cng vt
qu tiu chun cho php i vi khu dn c. Do , Ch u t p dng cc bin
php khng ch nhim ting n do cc phng tin giao thng vn ti, nht l khi
i ngang qua khu vc dn c, gim thiu tc ng nhim do ting n ca cc
xe vn ti i vi khu vc dn c trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n.
(4). nh gi tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh
Cc tc ng xu ti cht lng mi trng khng kh trn khu vc d n do
hot ng thi cng khai hoang, xy dng
Bi sinh ra do hot ng pht quang, n h cy rng, san i ph hu thm
thc vt xy dng nh kho, nh ngh cng nhn, gy nhim cc b mi trng
khng kh trn khu vc d n.
Kh thi sinh ra do hot ng thu gom, vn chuyn cy, gc, cnh v l cy
ra khi khu vc d n, a v a im tp kt thi b quy nh v my pht in.
Mi hi do qu trnh x l t bng vi bt, thuc tr c, tr su hoc do
phn hy nc thi sinh hot, rc thi sn xut v sinh hot cng nhn.
Ting n pht sinh do cc hot ng khai hoang mt bng, x l t, xy
dng nh kho, nh ngh cng nhn v my pht in trn khu vc d n.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

48

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh c th hin qua bng 3.10


di y.
Bng 3.10. Tc ng ca cc cht gy nhim khng kh.
Stt Cht gy nhim
Tc ng
1 Bi
- Kch thch h hp, x ho phi, ung th phi
- Gy tn thng da, gic mc mt, bnh ng tiu
ho
2 Kh axt
- Gy nh hng h h hp, phn tn vo mu
(SOx, NOx)
- SO2 c th nhim c qua da, lm gim d tr kim
trong mu
- To ma axt nh hng xu ti s pht trin thm
thc vt v cy trng
- Tng cng qu trnh n mn kim loi, ph hy vt
liu b tng v cc cng trnh nh ca
- nh hng xu n kh hu, h sinh thi v tng
zon
3 Oxyt cacbon (CO)
- Gim kh nng vn chuyn xy ca mu n cc t
chc, t bo do CO kt hp vi hemoglobin v bin
thnh
cacboxyhemoglobin
4 Kh cacbonic (CO2) - Gy ri lon h hp phi
- Gy hiu ng nh knh
- Tc hi n h sinh thi
5 Tng hydrocarbons - Gy nhim c cp tnh : suy nhc, chng mt,
(THC)
nhc u, ri lon gic quan c khi gy t vong
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
3.3.1.2. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc
Cc tc nhn gy nhim mi trng nc trong giai on xy dng d n l:
Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn nhn s gy nhim cc b ngun nc
mt v nc ngm trn khu vc d n.
Nc ma chy trn qua ton b khu t d n cun theo t ct, rc ri
xung ngun nc mt, lm tng t bin c v gy nhim cc b cht lng
ngun nc mt
Bi, t, ct, , nguyn nhin vt liu nh xi mng, xng du, sn, ri
vi, r r. khng thu gom ng quy nh gy nhim cc b ngun t, nc mt v
nc ngm trn khu vc d n do qu trnh phn hu v cun tri theo nc ma,

(1). nhim do nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn thi cng xy dng

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

49

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Tc ng n mi trng nc do qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n ch yu


do nc thi sinh hot ca cc cng nhn xy dng. Thnh phn cc cht nhim
ch yu trong nc thi sinh hot gm: Cc cht cn b, cc cht l lng (SS), cc
hp cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi sinh gy bnh
(Coliform, E.Coli). Nc thi sinh hot cha nhiu cht hu c d phn hy, cha
lng ln cc khun Coli v cc vi khun gy bnh khc nn c th gy nhim
ngun nc mt v nc ngm nu khng c x l. Do c tnh sinh hot vng
nng thn l s dng ngun nc mt, nc ngm tng nng cha qua giai on x
l nn kh nng lan truyn bnh l rt ln.
Lu lng nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton trn c s nh mc nc thi
v s lng cng nhn. Theo tiu chun xy dng, nh mc nc cp sinh hot l
120 lt/ngi.ngy. nh mc pht sinh nc thi sinh hot l 96
lt/ngi/ngy.m (tng ng khong 80% nc cp). Theo c tnh trung bnh
mi ngy c 100 cng nhn lao ng trn cng trng d n. Nh vy, tng lu
lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n l
khong 9,6 m3/ngy.
Theo tnh ton thng k, i vi nhng quc gia ang pht trin th h s
nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng (khi nc thi sinh hot cha
qua x l) nh c trnh by trong bng 3.11.
Bng 3.11. H s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi
trng (nc thi sinh hot cha qua x l).
Stt
Cht nhim
H s (g/ngi/ngy)
01
BOD5
45 54
02
COD
72 102
03
Cht rn l lng (SS)
70 145
04
Du m phi khong
10 30
05
Tng nit (N)
6 12
06
Amoni (N-NH4)
2,4 4,8
07
Tng photpho (P)
0,8 4,0
Ngun: Rapid Environmental Assessment, WHO, 1995.
Cn c vo cc h s nhim tnh ton nhanh nu trn, c th d bo ti lng
cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot trong giai on thi cng xy dng d
n nh c trnh by trong bng 3.12.
Bng 3.12. Ti lng cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha qua
x l) trong giai on thi cng xy dng d n.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

50

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Stt
01
02
03
04
05
06
07

Cht nhim
Ti lng (kg/ngy)
BOD5
9,0 10,8
COD
14,4 20,4
Cht rn l lng (SS)
14,0 29,0
Du m
2,0 6,0
Tng nit (N)
1,2 2,4
Amoni (N-NH4)
0,48 0,96
Tng photpho (P)
0,16 0,8
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot c tnh ton da trn ti
lng nhim, lu lng nc thi v hiu sut x l ca b t hoi (2 ngn), kt
qu c trnh by trong bng 3.13.
Bng 3.13. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot.
Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l)
X l bng
QCVN
Stt
Cht nhim
Khng qua
b t hoi (2 14:2008/BTNMT
X l
ngn)
(ct B)
01 pH
59
02 BOD5
468 562
188 225
50
03 COD
750 1.062
300 425
80
04 Cht rn l lng (SS)
729 1.510
292 604
100
05 Du m
104,2 312,5 41,7 125,0
20
06 Tng nit (N)
62,5 125,0
25,0 50,0
10
07 Amoni (N-NH4)
25 50
10 20
30
08 Tng photpho (P)
8,33 41,66 3,33 16,67
6
Tng coliform
09
106 109
108
5.000
(MPN/100ml)
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Ghi ch : Quy chun p dng : QCVN 14 : 2008 quy chun k thut quc gia
v nc thi sinh hot
Nhn xt: So snh vi tiu chun c th thy rng, khi nc thi cha qua x
l hoc a qua x l s b bng b t hoi (2 ngn), th cc ch tiu nhim u
vt tiu chun cho php.
Tuy nhin, do iu kin thi cng trong thi gian ngn, iu kin mt bng c
kh khn v phc tp trn cng trng, nn Ch d n ch thc hin bin php
khng ch nhim nc thi sinh hot bng cch s dng cc b t hoi hai ngn
t thm. iu ny c th chp nhn c v lu lng v ti lng nhim trong
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

51

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

nc thi trong giai on xy dng l khng nhiu. Vn ny s c gii quyt


sau khi d n i vo hot ng.
(2). Tc ng do nc ma chy trn trn khu vc d n
tnh ton lng c ma chy qua khu vc d n ta p dng cng thc sau:

Trong : Q: lu lng tnh ton (l/s)


: h s dng chy ph thuc vo mt ph ca lu vc tnh ton. i vi khu
d n. Chn = 0,5 v c sn vn nhiu.
F: din tch lu vc tnh ton: F = 26.057,7m2.
q: cng trn ma.
khu vc d n lng nc ma trung bnh nm khong 2,285 mm, Lng
ma trung bnh ngy khong 12,69 mm/ngy. Tng lng ma trong lu vc d n
l 165,3 m3/ngy..
Nc ma gy ng, ngp ng v snh ly trn khu t d n;
Nc ma cun theo rc thi, cn du m, bi, t xung sng, knh
rch trn khu t d n lm tng c, tng kh nng nhim ngun nc mt,
tng kh nng bi lng.
Tc ng gy st l, ngp ng cc b ca nc ma chy trn l ng ch .
Nc ngp ng lm tng kh nng nhim ngun nc v l mi trng pht trin
cc loi k sinh gy bnh. Tuy nhin, tc ng ny s ch din ra trong thi gian
ngn do Ch d n u tin hon thnh xy dng hng mc cng trnh thot nc
ngay t lc bt u thi cng xy dng d n.
C th, tc ng ca cc cht nhim cha trong nc thi sinh hot v nc
ma chy trn trn khu vc d n c nh gi tng hp v th hin qua bng
3.14.
Bng 3.14: Tc ng ca cc cht nhim cha trong
nc thi sinh hot cng nhn v nc ma chy trn.
Stt
1
2
3

Yu t
Cc cht hu c
Cht rn l lng
Cc cht dinh dng (N, P)

Tc ng
- Gim nng xy ho tan trong nc;
- nh hng n ti nguyn thy sinh.
- nh hng n cht lng nc, ti nguyn
thy sinh.
- Gy hin tng ph dng, nh hng ti
cht lng nc, s sng thy sinh;

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

52

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

- Ngn cn qu trnh h hp, quang hp v


4 Du m khong
cung cp dinh dng cho cc loi thu sinh;
- nh hng ti con ngi v ng, thc vt.
- Nc c ln vi khun gy bnh l nguyn
nhn ca cc dch bnh thng hn, ph
Cc vi khun gy bnh
thng hn, l, t;
5
- Coliform l nhm vi khun gy bnh ng
rut;
- E.coli (EscherIChia Coli) l vi khun thuc
nhm Coliform, c nhiu trong phn ngi.
- Gy ng c cho con ngi, ng vt, thy
Ha cht bo v thc vt sinh, nh hng n a dng sinh hc;
6 (thuc tr c, tr su)
- Tch ly trong t v bn y, lm tng hm
lng cc cht hu c kh phn hy v kim
loi nng.
(Ngun: Pacent Corp, 2010)
nh gi chung: Tc ng n ngun nc ngm trn khu vc d n ch yu
xy ra do vic ph hy thm thc vt, lm gim kh nng lu gi nc, cng nh
lm gim kh nng cung cp nc ngm theo con ng t thm, t lm suy
gim tr lng v mc nc ngm trn khu vc d n.
Tc ng ch yu n mi trng nc mt l do nc ma chy trn cun tri
theo t ct, rc ri xung ngun nc sui, lm tng t bin c, nh hng
ti cc h thy sinh v gy nhim cc b cht lng nc sui trn khu vc trong
nhng ngy c ma.
Tuy tc ng ny l rt kh trnh khi trong giai on ny, song ch c tnh
cht rt tm thi v c th hn ch bng cch thng xuyn thu gom sch l cy ra
khi khu t d n trong qu trnh cht ph, n h cy rng, trnh b nc ma
cun tri ko theo xung dng nc, ng thi thc hin vic o mng tiu thot
nc, thng xuyn khi thng dng chy trn khu vc d n. Ch u t s p
dng cc bin php qun l v gim thiu trnh gy nhim mi trng.
3.3.1.3. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng t
(1). Tc ng do cht thi rn
Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng, cht thi rn bao gm: Xi mng, gch, ct,
, g, vn nguyn liu, ... hoc vic tp trung nhiu cng nhn xy dng lm pht
sinh rc thi sinh hot ti khu vc cng trng. Rc thi sinh hot ny nhn chung l
nhng loi cha nhiu cht hu c, d phn hu (tr bao b, nylon).

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

53

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Theo c tnh, mi cng nhn lm vic ti khu vc d n thi ra t 0,3 0,5


kg rc thi sinh hot mi ngy. Vy vi 100 cng nhn lao ng ti cng trng
mi ngy th tng lng rc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng xy
dng d n l khong 30 50 kg/ngy .
Mc d khi lng rc thi rn sinh hot khng qu ln nhng nu khng c
bin php thu gom x l hp l th kh nng tch t trong thi gian xy dng ngy
cng nhiu v gy tc ng n cht lng khng kh do phn hy cht thi hu c
cng nh tc ng n ngun nc mt do tng c ngun nc, cn tr dng
chy, gy bi lng. Ngoi ra cn to iu kin cho cc vi sinh vt gy bnh pht
trin, gy nguy c pht sinh v ly truyn mm bnh nh hng n sc khe ca
cng nhn thi cng v xa hn l cc khu dn c. V vy, s lng rc thi ny s
c Ch u t thu n v chuyn trch thu gom v chn lp hp v sinh ti bi
rc chung ca huyn.
(2). nh gi chung
S hnh thnh v xy dng d n trc ht lm thay i mc ch s dng
t ca khu vc d n (t t nng nghip chuyn sang t cng nghip), ph b
thm thc vt hoang di (cy bi, c lc, ...) ti khu vc d n do cc hot ng
pht quang, o, p, san lp mt bng;
Hot ng san lp mt bng chun b thi cng gy nn xo trn, hy hoi
thm thc vt v lm tng nguy c xi mn; tng nguy c st l t, xi l b sng;
Hot ng ca my mc thit b thi cng xy dng; vic tp kt, lu tr
nhin, nguyn vt liu; hot ng vn hnh th cc hng mc thit b v sinh hot
ca cng nhn ti cng trng s lm pht sinh cc cht thi gy nhim mi
trng t nh : nc thi, cht thi rn, nguyn nhin vt liu, du m ri vi, r
r, ...;
Vic xy ra s c chy n nhin liu trn khu vc d n c th lan truyn
nh hng nhim mi trng t nghim trng n cc khu vc ln cn ca d
n.
Nhn chung, mc tc ng nh hng ca qu trnh thi cng xy dng d
n n mi trng t ch yu l kh nng lm xi mn, ra tri, thoi ha t,
hy hoi thm thc vt. Song, tc ng ny l tt yu do t c chuyn i mc
ch s dng cho pht trin cng nghip v mc nh hng tiu cc khng ng
k. Ngoi ra, tc ng cng khng nh hng n hiu qu s dng t trong quy
hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca khu vc.
3.3.1.4. Cc tc ng khc
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

54

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

(1). Gia tng nhim v tai nn giao thng


S lt xe ti trng 10 tn cn thit vn chuyn lng t san lp l 720
lt xe vo ra, tc c tnh trung bnh l 35 lt xe vo ra/ngy. Lng xe ny s
lm gia tng mt giao thng. Nu khng c k hoch iu ng khoa hc v
qun l giao thng hp l, hot ng ny s gy ra nh hng xu n mi trng
nh: gia tng nng cc cht nhim khng kh, ting n, mt xe c sau mi
bui tan ca, dn n nguy c tai nn giao thng trn khu vc. Tuy nhin, mt
giao thng ny ch din ra trong thi gian ngn ( 20 ngy ) v din ra trn on
ng rt ngn nm gi gn trong vng sn xut ca d n vi bn knh khng ln
hn 1km nn s khng nh hng nhiu n mi trng, ng x bn ngoi khu
san lp.
Tuy vy, ch d n tin hnh xy dng ng giao thng ni b trong khu vc
d n ngay trong thi gian u song song vi vic san lp mt bng. Bn cnh ,
quan tm b tr k hoch thi cng, iu ng my mc, xe c, thit b k thut mt
cch khoa hc v qun l an ton giao thng nhm hn ch ti a cc tc ng c
hi ti mi trng.
(2). Cc tc ng khc
Ngoi cc tc ng nh gi trn, th qu trnh thi cng xy dng d n
cn gy ra mt s tc ng tiu cc khc nh : Hot ng pht quang v san lp mt
bng lm gim din tch, thay i cu trc thc vt che ph t, nh hng ti iu
kin vi kh hu trn khu vc. Tuy nhin, nh hng ti iu kin vi kh hu c
nh gi l khng ng k do khu vc d n mt bng thong rng v khng b che
chn a hnh.
3.3.1.5. Tc ng v kinh t x hi
(1). Tc ng tch cc
Giai on thi cng xy dng d n c mt s tc ng tch cc c th n kinh
t - x hi a phng nh sau:
Huy ng mt lng lao ng nhn ri a phng;
Gp phn gii quyt lao ng v tng thu nhp tm thi cho ngi lao
ng;
Kch thch pht trin mt s loi hnh dch v n ung, sinh hot, gii tr
khc nhm phc v cho nhu cu sinh hot ca cng nhn ti khu vc d n.
(2). Tc ng tiu cc
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

55

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

S hnh thnh v pht trin d n s lm xo trn phn no i sng vn


ha tinh thn ca ngi dn trong khu vc.
Vic tp trung mt lc lng cng nhn xy dng kh ln (khong 100
cng nhn xy dng mi ngy ) trong thi gian thi cng xy dng ko di, c th
gy ra nguy c tc ng tiu cc ti an ninh trt t x hi ti khu vc nh pht sinh
cc dch v khng lnh mnh, cc kh khn trong cng tc qun l nhn khu, an
ninh trt t, v sinh mi trng
Tuy nhin, d n c trin khai ti vng t dn c tha tht, cho nn t nh
hng n nh ca v khng gy thit hi n cc cng trnh vn ha, tn ngng
ca a phng. Nhn chung, d n gy nh hng khng ln n cc vn kinh
t - x hi, vn ha tinh thn ca khu vc.
3.3.1.6. nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng do cc hot ng trong
giai on thi cng xy dng d n
Cc tc ng mi trng do cc hot ng trong giai on thi cng xy dng
d n c tng hp trnh by tm tt trong bng 3.15.
Bng 3.15. nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong qu trnh xy
dng d n.
Khng
Kinh t
Stt
Hot ng nh gi
t
Nc
kh
-x hi
01 San lp mt bng
+++
+++
+++
+
02 Xy dng c s h tng k
++
+
+++
+
thut, cc cng trnh d n
03 Tp kt, lu tr nhin, nguyn,
+
++
++
+
vt liu.
04 Sinh hot ca cng nhn xy
+
+++
++
+++
dng ti cng trng
Ngun: Cng ty CP T PT CN MT Thi Bnh Dng, 2010
Ghi ch :
+: Tc ng c hi mc nh;
++
: Tc ng c hi mc trung bnh;
+++ : Tc ng c hi mc mnh.
3.3.2. nh gi tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot ng
Qu trnh hot ng lu di ca d n s lm pht sinh cc tc nhn gy
nhim mi trng: kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn,... vi quy m v thnh phn
khc nhau.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

56

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

3.3.2.1. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng khng kh, ting


n
(1). nh gi mc nhim bi pht sinh trn ng vn chuyn, tp kt
nguyn liu, sn phm:
Do ch u t tin hnh xy dng bi t ngoi nh my ( pha ng, gip
ng quy hoch 14 m ), nguyn liu sau dng bng ti chuyn vo trong khu vc
nh my nn qung ng vn chuyn nguyn liu n khu vc sn xut l khng
ln, ch khong 200-300m. ng thi gia khu vc bi t v d n l gch
khng c dn c sinh sng nn nh hng s khng ng k.
y, chng ti nh gi mc nhim do kh thi ca qu trnh vn
chuyn sn phm t l nung n cc khu vc khc tiu th. Ty theo iu kin
cht lng ng x, phng thc bc d v tp kt sn phm m nhim pht
sinh nhiu hay t. Nng bi s tng cao trong nhng ngy kh, nng gi. Bi do
nguyn liu ri vi hoc t cc bi cha cun theo gi pht tn vo khng kh gy
nn nhim cho cc khu vc xung quanh.
Kt qu tnh ti lng bi trong qu trnh vn chuyn sn phm phc v hot
ng ca d n nh sau :

s
S
w
365 p
W
0,7
0,5
L = 1,7k[---------]x[--------]x[---------] x [----------] x[-----------]
365
12
48
4
2,7
Trong :

L : ti lng bi (kg/km/lt xe/nm).


k : kch thc ht; 0,2.
s : lng t trn ng; 8,9%
S : tc trung bnh ca xe; 15 km/h
W : trng lng c ti ca xe; 10 tn
w : s bnh xe; 8 bnh
p : s ngy hot ng trong nm

Thay s ta c : 2,1 kg/km/lt xe/nm.


D kin tiu th ch 85% sn phm ra l tc khong 42,5 triu vin QTC/nm
(QTC quy tiu chun), mt lt xe ch c: 10 tn/1,3tn/nghn vin = 7.700
QTC. Mt nm cn 42,5 triu vin QTC/7.700vin QTC = 5.520 chuyn xe/nm
vn chuyn tiu th. D n dng 15 xe trng ti 10 tn ch i tiu th sn phm,
vy tm tnh mi xe 2 lt ra vo nh my/ngy. Lng bi pht sinh trong mt
nm trn ng vn chuyn sn phm i tiu th l 5.520x2,1kg=11.592kg/nm.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

57

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Tnh cho xe vn chuyn than:


Khi lng than 3.400tn/nm (283,3tn/thng), s dng xe 10 tn vn
chuyn than .
S chuyn xe cn thit vn chuyn than : 340 chuyn xe/nm. Mi ngy
1 xe vn chuyn than cung cp cho l nung.
Mt thc t khch quan l nhim bi trn ng vn chuyn v tp kt sn
phm rt ph bin cc c s sn xut vt liu xy dng. Thng thng gi tr hm
lng bi l lng o c ti khu vc bi cha nguyn liu thng cao hn tiu
chun khng kh xung quanh nhiu ln (QCVN 05-2009, quy nh bi : 0,3 mg/m3).
nhim bi s gim khi cht lng ng x c nng ln v thc trch nhim
ca cc ch c s trong vic thc hin cc bin php v sinh mt bng, cch ly
ngun nhim hoc to m cho nguyn liu.
D n s p dng trit cc bin php k thut v qun l nhm hn ch
nhim bi do qu trnh vn chuyn v tp kt nguyn liu.
(2). nhim do kh thi t hot ng giao thng vn ti
Da vo h s nhim do phng tin giao thng sinh ra ca T chc Y t
Th gii, chiu di tuyn ng b nh hng, mt xe, chng ti c tnh khi
lng cc cht nhim t hot ng giao thng c xc nh trong bng 3.16.
Bng 3.16. Ti lng nhim khng kh do phng tin giao thng trong giai
on hot ng ca d n
Chiu di tuyn
Khi lng cht nhim (kg/thi
ng nh hng
gian)
c im
(1.000 km)
Bi
SO2
NOx
CO THC
H s
1,0
0,05
1,17
3,14
6,99 1,05
nhim(kg/tn nhin
liu)
Ti lng
0,24
nhim(kg/ngy)
0,012 0,281 0,754 1,678 0,252
Ghi ch: tnh ton cho 12 lt xe hot ng trong qu trnh hot ng d n
S: hm lng lu hunh trong du DO l 0,5%;
Qung ng vn chuyn trung bnh cho 1 chuyn xe c c tnh l 20
km.
Kt qu quan trc nng cc cht nhim ti cc trc l giao thng vi mt
giao thng cao cho thy nng bi dao ng trong khong 0,46-0,74 mg/m3;
CO dao ng trong khong 8,38-14,23 mg/m3, NO2 dao ng trong khong 0,310,88 mg/m3. So snh vi Tiu chun cht lng khng kh cho thy nng bi gy
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

58

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

ra do cc phng tin giao thng cao hn Tiu chun nhiu ln (ty thuc vo cht
lng mt ng), nng cc thng s khc t Tiu chun.
Ch d n s p dng trit cc bin php k thut v qun l nhm hn ch
nhim do qu trnh thi cng xy dng D n.
(3) nhim khng khi lo nung Tuynel
Gch sau khi sy bung sy c m 6%, c chuyn sang l nung tuynel nh
h thng bn thy lc. Nhit nung khong 900 - 9500c.
Mt s c trng ca l nung tuynel nh sau
Nhu cu than cm: 3.400 tn/nm, trong 85% lng s dng c phi trn vi
gch mc, 15% dng t ngoi.
Chiu cao ng khi: 16m.
ng knh ng khi : 1.5m
Thi gian hot ng: 330 ngy/nm, 24h/ngy.
a. Ti lng nhim l nung
Da vo h s nhim ca t chc y t th gii c th c tnh ti lng cc cht
nhim trong kh thi ca l t trong bng 3.17.
Bng 3.17 Ti lng nhim kh thi i vi l t
STT Thng s nhim
H s nhim (kg/tn sp)
Ti lng nhim
1
Bi
0,34A
10,52
2
SO2
3,65S
2,82
3
NO2
0,73
1,29
4
CO
0,71
1,25
5
THC
0,008
0,01
6
HF
0,5
0,77
Ghi ch: hm lng S trong than 0,5%.Hm lng tro trung bnh A chim 20%
Kt qu tnh ton ti lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l nung theo
phng php nh gi nhanh ca WHO bng 3.17 c th chp nhn c i vi
cc ch tiu bi, SO2, NO2, CO, THC v chng c thng k t nhiu ngun thi
trn cng loi than.
H s nhim HF ca WHO a ra 0,5 kg/tn sn phm hay tng ng
0,035% trng lng nguyn liu st nung (quy i 1,87 tn st cho ra 1 tn sn
phm, t trng st d =1,72), trong trng hp ny khng ph hp vi cht lng t
st ca tnh Bnh Phc, bi v theo kt qu phn tch thnh phn st Bnh Phc
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

59

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

hm lng hp cht Flor thc t trong t st Bnh Phc thp hn nhiu so vi h


s ca WHO, trung bnh chim 0,015% trng lng ca st.
T nhu cu s dng t st ti nh my l 50.000 m3/nm ta xc nh c
hm lng hp cht Flor trung bnh trong t st l 50.000 m3/nm x 0,015% = 7,5
m3/nm. Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Vin k thut nhit i v bo v mi trng
v nhim kh thi ca mt s l gch huyn Mng Tht, tnh Vnh Long cho thy
thc t ch khong 42% hm lng hp cht Flor trong t chuyn thnh dng kh
HF trong qu trnh nung. Nh vy, ta c th tnh ton tng i ti lng kh HF
sinh ra trong kh thi l nung tuynel l 7,5 m3/nm x 42% = 6,3 m3/nm. Tc l ti
lng HF thc t thp hn theo tnh ton h s ca WHO khong 4,2 ln.
Kh HF c kh nng tc ng n l cy khi nng rt nh (0,001- 0,002
ppm, tc l 0,00089-0,00178mg/m3).Khi tip xc vi nng HF ln hn
0,002mg/m3 l cy b tn thng. Mt s cy n qu rt nhy i vi HF, nhng
mt s loi cy khc nh c chua, hng dng, mng tre, la rt bn vng i vi
HF
tnh nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l t dng nhin liu than
cm, chng ti tnh ton lu lng kh thi bng cng thc sau:
L = B x [ VO20 + ( - 1)VO ] x (273 + t)/273
Trong : B : lng than t trong 1 gi
VO20 : khi sinh ra khi t 1 kg than, ly bng 7,5 m3/kg.
: h s d kh, ly = 1,3
VO : lng khng kh cn t 1 kg than, ly bng 7,1 m3/kg.
t : nhit khi thi, ly t = 200oC.
Thay s vo ta tnh c L = 8.073 m3/gi hay 2,24 m3/s. Nng ca kh thi
sau khi tnh c a ra trong bng 3.18.

Bng 3.18. Nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l t cp nhit


QCVN 19Stt
Cht
Nng tnh iu kin thc
3
nhim
(mg/m )
2009/BTNMTco
t B (mg/Nm3)
200
1
Bi
2.764
500
2
SO2
687,5
3
NOx
531,3
850
1000
4
CO
17,9
20
5
HF
12,5
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

60

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Ghi ch :
Nm3 Th tch kh quy v iu kin tiu chun.
Nhn xt: So snh kt qu vi tiu chun TCVN 5939 - 1995, ct B cho thy: nng
NO2, CO trong kh thi l nung tuynel t tiu chun cho php. Ring nng
bi, SO2 v HF vt tiu chun 14 ln, 1,4 v 1,6 ln tng ng
(4) nhim bi trong cng on bc d sn phm
Bi l lng trong cng on ny pht sinh v nh hng khng ng k v cc l do
sau y:
- Qu trnh tho d sn phm ra khi l c c gii ha ti a.
- Gch ly ra c lm ngui xung nhit bnh thng cng on thu hi
nhit cho l sy trc khi ra l.
- C ly xp chuyn gch t gong nung n ni tp kt ngn nn bi pht sinh
trong khi vn chuyn khng ng k.
- Ti khu vc bi cha thnh phm vic bc d ch yu l th cng nn khng
trnh khi pht sinh bi, tuy nhin loi bi ny c kch thc ln nn khng
pht tn i xa v khng c kh nng gy nh hng ng k n sc khe
ca ngi cng nhn nu c trang b tt dng c bo h lao ng nh
knh, gng tay, khu trang.
(5) nhim do kh thi bung sy
Gch mc trc khi a vo l nung tuynel c a vo l sy nhm lm
gim m cua gch mc t 16-17% xung cn 6%. Nguyn tc hot ng
ca bung sy ny l s dng nhit d t khu vc lm ngui sn phm ca l nung
tuynel nn trong thnh phn kh thi khng cha cc cht nhim. Kh nng c
tun hon trong bung ssays nh h thng qut t ng o chiu trn nc bung.
Kh thi trao i nhit trc tip vi gch m s h nhit t 1500c xung 400c v
c thot ra ngoi theo ng khi cao 16m, ng knh 1,5m. Nh vy, sau thi
gian sy nng gch thnh phn cua kh thi khi cha ch yu l hi nc t gch
mc, do vy d s dng ng khi cao 16m phat tn kh thi ra ngoi l t yu
cu.
(6). nhim khng kh t kh HF t t st nung
Kh HF l mt tc nhn nhim quan trng trong qu trnh nung gch vi
ngun nguyn liu l t st.
a s cy n qu rt nhy i vi HF, khi tip xc vi nng HF ln hn
0,002 mg/m3 th l cy b chy m, tn thng nng dn n rng l (Ngoi tr
mt s cy rt bn vng vi kh HF l c chua, hng dng, mng tre, la).
Khng kh b nhim bi HF v cc hp cht ca fluorua gy nh hng trc
tip n i sng sinh vt v sc khe ca con ngi. Cc hp cht fluorua gy ra
bnh fluoruasis trn h xng v rng.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

61

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Theo kt qu phn tch cht lng t st phc v sn xut ca d n v tham


kho mt s ti liu khc v hm lng F- trong t st dao ng trong khong 166
175 g/tn. T nhu cu thc t ca d n l 50.000 m3 t st/nm, vi t trng ca
t st l 2,6 tn/m3, nh vy lng t st s dng trong mt nm l 130.000
tn/nm, tng ng 130.000 tn/nm x 170 g/tn = 22,1 tn (F-)/nm. Theo kt
qu nghin cu ca Vin K thut Nhit i v Bo v Mi trng v nhim kh
thi ca mt s l gch tnh Vnh Long cho thy: thc t ch c khong 42% hm
lng F- trong t chuyn thnh dng kh HF trong qu trnh nung. Nh vy ta c
th tm tnh i vi hm lng kh HF do d n sinh ra l 22,1 tn/nm x 42% =
9,282 tn/nm, hay 25,8 kg/ngy.
(7). nhim khng kh t my pht in d phng
n nh in cho hot ng ca d n trong trng hp mng li in c
s c, Nh my c s dng 01 my pht in Diesel d phng vi cng sut
250KVA. Khi chy my pht in, nh mc tiu th nhin liu khong 25 kg du
DO/h (c 10KVA trong mt gi tiu th khong 3kg du DO).
Da trn cc h s ti lng ca t chc Y t th gii (WHO) c th tnh ti
lng cc cht nhim trong kh thi ca my pht in d phng trong bng 3.19.
Bng 3.19. Ti lng cc cht nhim kh t kh thi my pht in
Cht
H s
Ti lng
nhim
Kg/tn
Kg/h
G/s
Bi
0,71
0,018
0,005
SO2
20S
0,5
0,28
NOx
9,62
0,24
0,067
CO
2,19
0,054
0,015
Ghi ch : Tnh cho trng hp hm lng lu hunh trong du DO l 1%.
Thng thng qu trnh t nhin liu lng kh d l 30%. Khi nhit kh
thi l 2000C, th lng kh thi khi t chy 1kg DO l 38 m3. Vi nh mc 25 Kg
du DO/h i vi my pht in d phng, tnh c lu lng kh thi l 0,26m3/s.
Da vo lu lng kh thi (m3/s) v ti lng (g/s) trn ta c th tnh nng
ca kh thi theo bng 3.20.
Bng 3.20. Nng ca kh thi my pht in
Cht nhim
Nng
Nng
QCVN 19-2009 ( Ct B)
3
3
(mg/m )
(mg/Nm )
(mg/Nm3)
Bi
19,2
200
SO2
1076
1861,5
500
NO2
239,3
413,9
850
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

62

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

CO
53,5
92,5
1000
Ghi ch : Nm3 : Th tch kh quy v iu kin tiu chun
QCVN 19 2009 : Cht lng khng kh Quy chun k thut quc gia v
kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c.
Nhn xt: So snh nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in vi
quy chun kh thi (QCVN 19 - 2009) cho thy nng SO2 cao hn Tiu chun
3,7 ln. Nng cc cht nhim khc u nm trong gii hn cho php. V vy
cn phi c bin php qun l trong vic pht thi khi thi t my pht in d
phng.
(8). nh gi mc nhim nhit
nhim nhit ti D n pht sinh t ch yu ti cc khu vc l nung. Theo kt
qu o c cc yu t vi kh hu trong mi trng lao t nhiu c s sn sut gch
do Vin K thut Nhit i v Bo v Mi trng thc hin cho thy: nhit khu
vc l nung dao ng trong khong 30-350C ty thuc vo iu kin thi tit bn
ngoi.
Thng thng, vo nhng ngy nng nng nhit ti khu vc xng sn
xut thng cao hn tiu chun cho php t 1-30c (Tiu chun v sinh cng nghip
Quyt nh 3733/2002/Q-BYT10/10/2002: 18-320C). Nh vy ti khu vc ny,
D n s phi tng cng cc bin php lm mt cc b, gii nhit bng nc gii
kht c b sung thm ng v mui khong cho cng nhn.
(9). nh gi mc nhim do ting n v rung ng
Ting n v rung cng l ngun gy nhim khng kh kh quan trng v
c th gy ra cc nh hng xu n mi trng v trc ht l n sc khe ca
ngi lao ng trc tip, sau l ti sc kho khu vc dn c xung quanh d n.
Ting n lm gim nng sut lao ng, lm gim thnh lc, dn ti bnh ic ngh
nghip. rung nh hng quan trng ti nng lc v chnh xc trong tc
nghip lao ng, gim th lc v thch lc, d gy ra s c tai nn lao ng. V vy,
cn ch n cc bin php chng n, rung ti nh my. Tiu chun ting n trong
khu dn c l 60 dBA vo ban ngy v 45 - 55 dBA vo ban m, trong khu vc sn
xut l 90 dBA.
(10) D bo mc v phm vi nhim do kh thi ca nh my n mi
trng khng kh xung quanh.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

63

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

d bo mc nh hng do kh thi t tt c cc ngun nhim ca nh


my n mi trng khng kh xung quanh trong trng hp bt li nht v mt
thi tit, chng ti s dng m hnh Gauss.
Bng 3.11: Cc c trng ngun thi dng chy m hnh pht tn
STT
Thng s
n v ng khi l nung
ng khi my
tuynel
pht in
1
Bi
G/s
10,52
0,005
2
SO2
G/s
2,82
0,28
3
NO2
G/s
1,29
0,067
4
CO
G/s
1,25
0,015
5
HF
G/s
0,77
6
Lu lng khi thi
M3/s
15,28
0,84
7
Chiu cao ng khi
M
16
5
8
ng knh ming
M
1,5
0,2
ng khi
0
9
Nhit kh thi
K
423
473
Kt qu tnh ton i vi cc cht nhim chnh c th tm tt nh sau:
Bng 3.12 Tm tt kt qu d bo nhim khng kh
STT
Thng s
Nng cc
Tc gi
Phm vi
TCVN 5937i tuyt i nguy him TB nh hng 1995 (mg/m3)
(mg/m3)
(m/s)
(m)
0,145
1
Bi
3,5
0,3
100
0,421
2
SO2
3,5
0,5
100
0,043
3
NO2
3,5
0,4
100
0,157
4
CO
3,5
40
100
0,004
5
HF
3,5
0,02
100
Ghi chu: TCVN 5937-1995 tiu chun cht lng khng khi xung quanh.
Nhn xt:
- Nng cc i tuyt i ti mt t ca tt c cc cht nhim ng vi tc
gi nguy him trung bnh l 3,5m/s trong trng hp c 3 ngun thi cng
hot ng u t tiu chun cho php (TCVN 5937-1995).
- Phm vi nh hng do kh thi ca d n 100m tnh t chn ngun
thi, tc l nm trong khun vin ca kh vc sn xut
Nh vy, kh thi ca c s khi pht tn ra ngoi s khng gy ra s nhim ng
k n mi trng khng kh xung quanh
3.3.2.2. Tc ng ca cc ngun gy nhim mi trng nc
(1). Nc thi sn xut
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

64

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Nc thi sn xut ca d n ch yu l nc thi v sinh thit b, v sinh nh


xng c cha cn b cao lanh, SS, du m, nc thi ra theo chu k gin on
vi lu lng khong 5m3/ngy. Tham kho cc ti liu nh my st, gch ngi
Bnh Dng, tnh Bnh Dng cho thy nng SS trong nc thi dao ng trong
khong 400 1000 mg/L tc cao hn QCVN 24 2009 nhiu ln. Nh vy, nc
thi sn xut s c thu gom x l chung vi cc ngun khc dt tiu chun
trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.
(2). Nc thi sinh hot
Thnh phn ch yu cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot bao gm: cc
cht cn b, cht l lng (SS), cc hp cht hu c (BOD/COD), cc cht dinh
dng (N, P) v vi sinh.
a). Lu lng nc thi
Nhu cu lao ng ca d n khi i vo hot ng d kin l khong 100 lao
ng. Nhu cu dng nc trung bnh ca 1 ngi l 70 lt/ngy.m nn lng
nc thi sinh hot ca 1 ngi khong 80% lng nc cp (56 lt/ngy.m).
Nh vy, lu lng nc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong d n khong 5.6
m3/ngy.m.
b). Ti lng nc thi sinh hot
Da vo h s nhim do mi ngi hng ngy sinh hot a vo mi trng
(cha qua x l) do T chc Y t Th gii thit lp c th d bo ti lng cc cht
nhim pht sinh t nc thi sinh hot ca lc lng lao ng trong d n.

Bng 3.21. Ti lng cc cht nhim sinh ra t nc thi sinh hot (cha
qua x l) trong d n.
Stt
Cht nhim
Khi lng
Ti lng (kg/ngy)
(g/ngi/ngy)
01 BOD5
45 54
6,75 8,10
02 COD
72 102
10,80 15,30
03 SS
70 145
10,50 21,75
04 Du m phi khong
10 30
1,50 4,50
05 Tng N
6 12
0,90 1,80
06 N-NH4
2,4 4,8
0,36 0,72
07 Tng P
0,8 4,0
0,12 0,60
c). Nng nc thi

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

65

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Da vo s liu nc thi sinh hot ti cc khu dn c, chng ti c lng


c nng cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot nh trong bng 3.22.
Bng 3.22. Nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi sinh hot
Stt Cht nhim QCVN 14 Nng cc cht nhim (mg/l)
2008
Loi B
Khng x l X l bng b t hoi
1 BOD
50
450 540
100 200
2 COD
80
720 1020
180 360
3 SS
100
700 1450
80 160
4 Tng N
10
60 120
20 40
5 Amni
30
24 48
5 15
6 Vi sinh
(MPN/100 ml)
6
9
7 Tng coliform
3.000
10 10
Ghi ch: QCVN 14 2008: Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi sinh
hot, loi B.
So snh nng cc cht nhim chnh trong nc thi sinh hot qua x l
bng b t hoi vi tiu chun cho thy : nc thi sinh hot sau x l bng b t
hoi c BOD5 vt tiu chun 2 4 ln, COD vt tiu chun 2,25 4,5 ln. Do
, nc thi sinh hot cn phi c x l t tiu chun QCVN 14:2008, ct B
trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn l sui nh cnh d n.
(3). Nc ma chy trn
Theo tng din tch ca d n, th lu lng nc ma trung bnh chy trn
trn din tch d n c tnh c th rt ln vo cc thng ma ma. Nc ma chy
trn qua mt bng d n s cun theo t ct, rc, du m v cc tp cht ri vi
trn mt t xung ngun nc. Nu lng nc ma ny khng c qun l tt
cng s gy tc ng tiu cc n ngun nc mt, nc ngm, gy xi mn t v
i sng thy sinh trong khu vc. c tnh nng cc cht nhim trung bnh
trong nc ma chy trn nh sau:
Tng Nit (N)
Photpho (P)
Nhu cu oxy ho hc (COD)
Cht rn l lng (SS)

: 0,5 1,5 mg/l;


: 0,004 0,03 mg/l;
: 10-20 mg/l;
: 10-20 mg/l.

So vi cc ngun thi khc, nc ma chy trn kh sch. V vy, c th tch


ring ng nc ma ra khi nc thi v cho thi thng ra mi trng sau khi
qua h thng h ga, song chn rc v b lng lc, hoc ti s dng ti cho h
thng cy xanh, vn hoa, cng vin, hoc ti nc ra ng giao thng ni
b trong nh my. Ch d n xy dng ng thot nc ma ring v nc ma
sau khi c thu gom x l c hc s b s c thot ra knh nh cnh d n.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

66

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

(4). nh gi tc ng ca cc cht nhim trong nc thi


a). Nhit
Nhit gi vai tr quan trng i vi cc qu trnh sinh ho din ra trong t
nhin v khng u nhit li c nhng tc ng mnh m nh trong cc h
thng nc. Nhng thay i v nhit ca nc c th nh hng n nhiu mt
ca cht lng nc. Cc thnh phn lin quan ca cc chui thc n trong h sinh
thi nc rt nhy cm vi nhit . Nhit l mt yu t quan trng quyt nh
loi sinh vt no tn ti v pht trin mt cch u th trong h sinh thi nc. iu
ny cng c ngha l nhit nh hng n s a dng sinh hc, tc v dng
phn hu cc hp cht hu c trong nc, nng xy ho tan (DO) v cui cng
l dy chuyn thc n.
b). Du m
Du m khi x vo ngun nc s loang trn mt nc to thnh mng du,
mt phn nh ho tan trong nc hoc tn ti trong nc dng nh tng. Cn
cha du khi lng xung sng, rch s tch t trong bn y. Du m khng nhng
l nhng hp cht hydrocarbon kh phn hu sinh hc, m cn cha cc cht ph
gia c hi nh cc dn sut ca phenol, gy nhim mi trng nc, c tc ng
tiu cc n i sng thu sinh bao gm c tm c v nh hng ti mc ch cp
nc sinh hot, nui trng thu sn. Khi hm lng du trong nc cao hn 0,2
mg/l nc c mi hi khng dng c cho mc ch n ung.
nhim du gy cn kit oxy, dn n gim kh nng t lm sch ca cc
ngun nc do git cht cc sinh vt phiu sinh, sinh vt y tham gia vo qu trnh
t lm sch.
Khi hm lng du trong nc 0,1 - 0,5mg/l s lm gim nng sut v cht
lng ca vic nui c. Tiu chun du trong cc ngun nc nui c khng vt
qu 0,05 mg/l, tiu chun oxy ho tan l > 4 mgO2/l. nhim du giu lu hunh
cn c th gy cht c nu hm lng Na2S trong nc t ti 3 - 4mg/l. Mt s loi
c nhy cm c th b cht ngay khi hm lng Na2S nh hn 1 mg/l.
Ngoi ra, du trong nc s b chuyn ho thnh cc hp cht c hi khc i
vi con ngi v thu sinh nh phenol, cc dn xut clo ca phenol. Tiu chun
phenol cho ngun nc cp cho sinh hot l 0,001 mg/l, ngng chu ng ca c l
10 - 15 mg/l. Kinh nghim nhiu nc trn th gii cho thy nhim ngun nc
do du v cc sn phm phn hu ca n c th gy tn tht rt ln cho ngnh cp
nc, thu sn, du lch v cc ngnh kinh t quc dn khc.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

67

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

c). Cc cht hu c
Cc cht hu c ch yu trong nc thi l Carbohydrate. y l hp cht d
b vi sinh vt phn hu bng c ch s dng oxy ho tan trong nc oxy ho cc
hp cht hu c. Vic nhim hu c s dn n suy gim nng DO trong nc
do vi sinh vt s dng oxy ho tan phn hu cc cht hu c. Oxy ho tan gim
s gy tc hi nghim trng n ti nguyn thu sinh. Tiu chun cht lng nc
nui c, FAO quy nh nng oxy ho tan (DO) trong nc phi cao hn 50 % gi
tr bo ho (tc cao hn 4 mg/l 250C).
d). Cht rn l lng
Cht rn l lng cng l tc nhn gy nh hng tiu cc n ti nguyn thu
sinh ng thi gy tc hi v mt cm quan (tng c ngun nc) v gy bi
lng cho ngun nc m n trc tip thi ra.
e). Cc cht dinh dng (N, P)
Cc cht dinh dng gy hin tng ph dng ngun nc, nh hng ti
cht lng nc, s sng thu sinh.
f). kim
Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam v nc thi (QCVN 24 : 2009) qui nh i
vi nc thi khi thi vo cc ngun nc tip nhn loi B gi tr pH t 5 - 9.
g). Tc hi ca cc loi vi khun gy bnh
Nc c ln cc loi vi khun gy bnh thng l nguyn nhn ca cc dch
bnh thng hn, ph thng hn, l, t. Tu iu kin m vi khun c sc chu
ng mnh hay yu. Cc ngun nc thin nhin thng c mt s loi vi khun
thng xuyn sng trong nc hoc mt s vi khun ca t nhim vo. Coliform
l nhm vi khun ng rut hnh que hiu kh hoc k kh tu tin v c bit l
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli). E. coli l mt loi vi khun c nhiu trong phn ngi,
phn ng vt. Ngoi ra, E. Coli cn c tm thy trong mi trng t v nc b
nhim phn. Ch tiu phn tch s lng E.Coli l ch tiu rt quan trng trong nc
cp.
3.3.2.3. Tc ng ca cc ngun pht sinh cht thi rn
(1). Cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi
Do st ri vi trong qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn liu, xc bc v cc sn
phm h, hng pht sinh trong qu trnh sn xut v vn chuyn. Khi lng ph
phm c tnh chung l 8% cng sut thit k. Vi tng khi lng gch ra l 1
nm l 65.000 tn th lng gch ph thi pht sinh trong 1 ngy l 14,5 tn .

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

68

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

(2). Cht thi rn nguy hi


Cht thi rn sn xut nguy hi pht sinh ti d n bao gm du m ri vi,
cn du, gi lau c dnh du m pht sinh trong qu trnh bo tr, bo dng v sa
cha thit b my mc khi my mc gp s c. Ti lng cht thi ny khng ln,
c tnh khong 1kg/ngy. y l cht thi c hi, tuy nhin do ti lng khng
ln v ngun pht sinh tp trung nn thun tin cho cng tc thu gom v x l bng
phng php t.
(3). Cht thi rn sinh hot
Khi d n i vo hot ng n nh th tng s lao ng lm vic trong d n
khong 100 ngi. Trung bnh lng cht thi rn sinh hot pht sinh l 0,3 0,5
kg/ngi/ngy. Vy, tng lng cht thi sinh hot pht sinh trong d n khong 30
50 kg/ngy.
Thnh phn ca cht thi rn sinh hot bao gm: cht hu c, giy cc loi,
nylon, nha, kim loi, cc vt dng sinh hot hng ngy b hng, ... Khi thi vo
mi trng cc cht thi s phn hy hoc khng phn hy lm tng nng cc
cht dinh dng, to ra cc hp cht v c, hu c c hi, ... lm nhim ngun
nc, gy nhim mi hi khng kh, gy hi cho h vi sinh vt t, cc sinh vt
thy sinh trong nc, hay to iu kin cho vi khun c hi, rui mui pht trin l
nguyn nhn ca cc dch bnh.
V vy, Ch u t d n s k kt hp ng thu gom, vn chuyn v x l an
ton lng cht thi ny.
3.3.2.4. Tc ng v kinh t - x hi
(1). Tc ng tch cc
y nhanh tc cng nghip ha, th ha ca huyn Lc Ninh, tnh
Bnh Phc theo hng quy hoch pht trin bn vng.
S dng hp l, lm gia tng gi tr ti nguyn t ai vng t nng
nghip thnh vng t pht trin cng nghip mang li hiu qu kinh t cao.
Cung cp sn phm cng nghip, tiu dng cho th trng trong nc, thay
th mt phn cc hng ho v sn phm nhp khu ng thi xut khu ra th
trng quc t.
ng gp ca d n vo ngn sch Nh nc thng qua thu thu t hot
ng kinh doanh v sn xut.
D n to cng n vic lm vi thu nhp n nh cho hn 100 lao ng a
phng lm vic trong nh my, n nh i sng nhn dn, gim p lc ca nn
tht nghip v cc t nn x hi.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

69

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

(2). Tc ng tiu cc
Cng vi nhng li ch to ln v tng trng kinh t - x hi, th s hnh thnh
v pht trin ca d n cng s gy ra nhng nh hng tiu cc nh:
Lm thay i iu kin sinh hot, vic lm, thu nhp ca nhn dn a
phng;
Gia tng dn s c hc trong khu vc, gy ra nhiu vn phc tp trong
pht trin vn ha v bo m trt t tr an ti khu vc d n.
Ch u t phi hp cht ch vi cc c quan chc nng tng bc gii
quyt trit cc vn mi trng pht sinh v gim thiu cc tc ng tiu
cc ca d n.
3.3.2.5. nh gi s c mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng
(1). Nguyn nhn ny sinh
Cc s c do hot ng ca D n ch yu l chy, n ti khu vc l nung,
trm in.
S c chy, n trong qu trnh hot ng c th do : Vic vn hnh cc thit b
my mc khng ng quy trnh k thut, quy nh v an ton phng chng chy n.
D n s p dng cc bin php PCCC theo ng quy nh ca Nh nc
nhm m bo an ton cho mi ti sn v con ngi.
(2). Quy m nh hng
S c chy n khi xy ra gy thit hi ln v kinh t x hi v lm nhim
c 3 h sinh thi t, nc, khng kh mt cch nghim trng. Hn na, n cn e
da n tnh mng cn b cng nhn vin trong nh my, gy thit hi ti sn doanh
nghip.
Tuy nhin, trng hp c s c xy ra th quy m nh hng n cng ng
s rt nh, ch nh hng bn trong phm vi D n.
3.3.2.6. nh gi tng hp cc tc ng mi trng trong giai on hot
ng ca d n
Cc tc ng n mi trng trong giai on hot ng ca d n c
nghin cu, phn tch v nh gi chi tit trn, c th c nh gi tng hp theo
phng php ma trn mi trng khng c trng s nh trnh by trong bng 3.23.
Bng 3.23. Tm tt cc tc ng mi trng tng hp trong giai on hot
ng lu di ca d n.
Stt Ngun gc tc ng
t
Nc
Khng kh
Kinh t n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

70

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

11 Kh thi
+
+
22 Nc thi
+
+++
33 Cht thi rn
+++
++
44 nhim nhit
+
+
55 Ri ro, s c
++
++
Ghi ch :
+ : t tc ng c hi;
++
: Tc ng c hi mc trung bnh;
+++ : Tc ng c hi mc mnh.

+++
+
++
++
++

x hi
+++
+++
++
+
++

3.4. NH GI V PHNG PHP S DNG TRONG BO CO


3.4.1. Cc phng php s dng nh gi tc ng mi trng.
(1). Phng php thng k: Thu thp v x l cc s liu v iu kin kh
tng, thy vn, kinh t x hi ti khu vc d n.
(2). Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th
nghim: Xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng khng kh, nc, n ti
khu t d n v khu vc xung quanh.
(3). Phng php hi cu ti liu h s nhim do T chc Y t Th gii thit
lp: c tnh ti lng cc cht nhim t cc hot ng ca d n theo cc h s
nhim ca WHO.
(4). Phng php so snh: nh gi cc tc ng trn c s so snh cc quy
chun k thut mi trng Vit Nam.
(5). Phng php lp bng lit k (checklist) v phng php ma trn (matrix):
Phng php ny s dng lp mi quan h gia cc hot ng ca d n v cc
tc ng mi trng.
(6). Phng php iu tra x hi hc: Phng php ny s dng trong qu
trnh phng vn lnh o v nhn dn a phng ti ni thc hin D n.
3.4.2. nh gi tin cy ca cc phng php
Nhn chung, c th nh gi tng hp, tuy cn c mt s ngun, tc ng
cha th nh lng ha c th cc tnh cht c trng do thiu cc cn c k thut
tin cy, song v c bn cc ngun v tc ng ny ch ng vai tr th yu, khng
c ngha quan trng, hoc quyt nh trong vic gy nn cc tc ng chnh v cc
tc ng tch ly lu di ca d n i vi trng thi mi trng trn khu vc.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

71

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Bo co c gng bm st ni dung v bo m c cc yu cu t ra
theo Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ca B TN&MT, nhn dng, nh lng
ha v a ra cc kt qu nghin cu nh gi c th v cc i tng, quy m,
mc tc ng ca cc ngun gy tc ng ch yu, cc ngun to nn nguy c
tch ly tim n cc tc ng xu di hn v ngn hn i vi mi trng trn khu
vc, vi mc chi tit v tin cy ca cc nh gi l t yu cu.
Nhn xt ny da trn cc cn c khoa hc v qun l c th nh sau:
- Bo co tin hnh nghin cu, kho st, o c v nh gi k cng v hin
trng khu vc d n, thu thp c cc ngun s liu tin cy, y v qu trnh
nghin cu u t v thit k d n, cng nh nh gi ng c hin trng v
kh nng chu ti ca mi trng t nhin trn khu vc d n v vng ln cn.
tin cy ca cc phng php TM c trnh by trong bng 3.24.
Bng 3.24. tin cy ca cc phng php TM
Stt
Phng php
tin cy
Nguyn nhn
1 Phng php thng k
Cao
Da theo s liu thng k
chnh thc ca tnh.
2 Phng php ly mu ngoi
Cao
- Thit b ly mu, phn
hin trng v phn tch trong
tch mi, hin i
phng th nghim
- Da vo phng php ly
mu tiu chun
3 Phng php nh gi nhanh
Trung bnh Da vo h s nhim do
theo h s nhim do WHO
T chc Y t Th gii thit
thit lp nm 1993
lp nn cha tht s ph
hp vi iu kin Vit Nam
4 Phng php so snh tiu
Cao
Kt qu phn tch c tin
chun
cy cao
5

Phng php lp bng lit k


v phng php ma trn

Trung bnh

Phng php tham vn cng


ng

Cao

Phng php ch nh gi
nh tnh hoc bn nh
lng, da trn ch quan
ca nhng ngi nh gi
Da vo kin chnh thc
bng vn bn ca UBND x
v UBMTTQ x

Bo co TM cho D n u t Nh my sn xut gch tuynel cng sut 50


triu vin/nm do Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin lm ch u t vi
s t vn ca Cng ty CP T PT cng ngh mi trng Thi Bnh Dng. Vi
kinh nghim thc t ca mnh, Chng ti nh gi c y v c tin
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

72

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

cy cn thit v cc tc ng ca d n v xut c cc gii php kh thi hn


ch cc tc ng c hi.
Bn cnh ngun ti liu, d liu tham kho, Cng ty cn nhn c cc kin
tham vn ca y ban Nhn dn v y Ban Mt trn T quc cp x ti a im
thc hin d n nn nh gi cc tc ng nu trong bo co p ng c yu cu
thc t ca a phng.
Tuy nhin, mt s nh gi trong bo co TM ny cn nh tnh hoc bn
nh lng do cha c thng tin, s liu chi tit nh gi nh lng.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

73

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

CHNG 4
CC BIN PHP GIM THIU NHNG
TC NG C HI,PHNG NGA V
NG PH S C MI TRNG
4.1. KHNG CH V GIM THIU NHIM TRONG GIAI ON
XY DNG
4.1.1. Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do san lp mt bng v xy
dng cng trnh
Dng cc thit phun nc chng bi vo cc ngy nng nng, gi mnh ti
nhng khu vc pht sinh ra nhiu bi.
To to khong cch hp l gia cng trng vi khu vc sinh hot, n
ung ca cng nhn nhm to vng m gim tc ng bi, ting n. Lp t cc
thit b gim ting n cho nhng thit b c mc n cao nh my pht in, kh nn,
my ca . Dng bt che cc phng tin vn chuyn vt liu xy dng ct, ,...
t cc cng thot ti nhng v tr thch hp nhm trnh dng chy xi
ngm gy xm thc, st l cng trnh.
p dng cc bin php thi cng tin tin, c gii ha cc thao tc v qu
trnh thi cng.
Tun th cc qui nh v an ton lao ng khi lp n t chc thi cng
nh cc bin php thi cng t; vn b tr my mc thit b; bin php phng
nga tai nn lao ng, vn chng st, th t b tr cc kho, bi nguyn vt liu,
ln tri tm, hu cn phc v (Cc c s vt cht phc v cho cng nhn thi cng
xy dng nh nh n, ngh ngi, tm ra, y t, v sinh, xe a n ). Cng nhn
lm vic ti cng trng c s dng cc thit b bo h lao ng nh khu trang,
knh phng h mt.
4.1.2. Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do vn chuyn nguyn vt liu,
thit b
Hot ng san lp mt bng chun b thi cng gy nn xo trn, hy hoi
thm thc vt v lm tng nguy c xi mn; tng nguy c st l t, xi l b sng;
S dng phng php vn ti thch hp nhm gim bi nh bng ti, dng
cc tm che chn xung quanh cng trnh.
B tr hp l tuyn ng vn chuyn v i li. Kim tra cc phng tin
thi cng nhm m bo cc thit b, my mc lun trong iu kin tt nht v mt
k thut.
Cc phng tin i ra khi cng trng phi c v sinh, ra bi.
Hn ch vn chuyn vo gi c mt ngi qua li cao.
Dng bt che cc phng tin vn chuyn t, ct, , x bn...
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

74

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

S dng nc ti vo ma kh ti khu vc c nhiu bi.

trng.

4.1.3. Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do hot ng d tr v bo


qun nguyn nhin liu
B tr kho cha nguyn nhin liu ti nhng v tr khng c nhy cm
mi trng cao.
Hn ch cc ngun d pht sinh chy, n nh la, my pht in .... Lp
ro chn cch ly cc khu vc nguy him nh trm bin th, vt liu d chy n (nh
kho cha du...)
Hn ch s r r nhin liu trong qu trnh bm, ht v c h thng thu
gom.
Khu vc kho cha c nn cao hn so vi khu vc xung quanh.
Xy dng chng trnh phng chy cha chy khi gp s c xy ra.
4.1.4. Khng ch v gim thiu tc ng do sinh hot ca cng nhn ti
cng trnh
Lng nc thi sinh hot c qun l cht, c h thng b t hoi 2
ngn. Xy dng cc cng trnh x l nc thi tm thi di dng b t hoi ba
ngn kiu thm.
Quy nh bi rc, cht thi rn c thu gom v c bin php x l hp v
sinh nh ti s dng, dng san lp mt bng v.v.... trnh phng u, vt rc sinh hot
ba bi gy nhim mi trng do lng cng nhn xy dng thi ra.
Hn ch lng nc thi v cht thi rn xung h thng cng thot
nc trong khu vc.
4.1.5. Cc bin php an ton lao ng
Quy nh thi gian lm vic cho cng nhn trong nh my, m bo cho
cng nhn lm vic khng qu 8 ting ng h trong mt ngy.
Lp Ban an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng ti cng trng gm
trng ban chuyn trch v i din ca mi t chc thi cng xy dng.
Quy nh cc ni quy lm vic ti cng trng, bao gm ni quy ra, vo
lm vic ti cng trng; ni quy v trang phc bo h lao ng; ni quy s dng
thit b nng cu; ni quy v an ton in; ni quy an ton giao thng; ni quy an
ton chy n ...
T chc tuyn truyn, ph bin cc ni quy cho cng nhn bng nhiu hnh
thc khc nhau nh in ni quy vo bng treo ti cng trng, nh n, ln tri; t
chc hc ni quy; t chc tuyn truyn bng loa phng thanh; thanh tra v nhc nh
ti hin trng
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

75

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

T chc theo di tai nn lao ng, xc nh kp thi nguyn nhn tai nn v


p dng cc bin php khc phc kp thi nhm trnh xy ra tai nn tng t.
Lp t bin cm ngi qua li khu lm vic ca thit b nng cu.
Lp h thng bin bo ch dn ng, an ton giao thng ti khu vc cng
trng.
Lp t bin bo cm la ti cc khu vc d gy ra chy n (kho xng du,
kho ho cht, kho vt t d chy n, trm bin p ...).
Trang b cc phng tin cha chy ti cc kho (bnh bt, bnh CO2, ct,
h nc, cc khu mc git ...).
T chc tuyn truyn, kim tra, thanh tra cng tc phng chng chy n ti
cc kho, ln tri ca cc n v thi cng.
T chc cnh gii v treo bin bo khi sa cha in.
T chc tuyn truyn, gio dc, kim tra, thanh tra nh k v an ton in.
Cung cp y v ng chng loi cc trang thit b bo h lao ng cho
cng nhn.
Tng cng kim tra, nhc nh cng nhn s dng trang b bo h lao
ng khi lm vic. Kin quyt nh ch cng vic ca cng nhn khi thiu trang b
bo h lao ng.
4.2. CC BIN PHP KHNG CH V GIM THIU NHNG TC
NG C HI TRONG GIAI ON HOT NG
Trong giai on hot ng ca d n cn quan tm gim thiu v khng ch
cc tc ng c hi, bao gm:
Kim sot v x l kh thi, nc thi, cht thi rn;
Kim sot nhim nhit, ting n v phng chng ri ro s c mi trng;
Phi hp kim sot cc tc ng x hi tiu cc v bo v mi trng.
p dng cc bin php khng ch cc tc ng c hi nh sau:
4.2.1. Khng ch nhim khng kh
4.2.1.1. Khng ch bi khu vc nh my
Nh my s quan tm n cng tc v sinh cng nghip trong khu vc sn xut
v kho cha nguyn liu, sn phm. Thng xuyn qut dn t, ct, nguyn liu
ri vi nhm lm gim lng bi kh pht tn vo khng kh xung quanh v mi
trng lm vic ca cn b cng nhn vin, c bit l vo cc ngy nng nng, gi
nhiu. Tn sut qut dn 1 ln/ngy. Cc vt liu ny khng nguy hi c th dng
ti s dng li hoc lm vt liu cho san lp nn cho cc cng trnh trong nh
my hoc chn lp ti ni ng quy nh.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

76

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn liu v bi cha nguyn liu ca nh my


s c ph kn bng bt trnh bi pht tn vo khng kh. Nguyn liu thp hn
thng xe t 10 15cm, dng xe thng kn vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, sn phm.
4.2.1.2. Khng ch nhim khng kh trong qu trnh vn chuyn sn
phm
hn ch bi pht tn ra xa trong khu tiu th sn phm, d n s trng cy
dc 2 bn ng vn chuyn t nh my ra ng nha gn ( Quc l 13 ). Theo
kt qu nghin cu ca Vin K thut Nhit i v Bo v Mi trng th mi
hcta cy xanh c th lc t khng kh 50 70 tn bi/nm lm gim 40 60% ti
lng bi. Ngoi ra, cy xanh cn lm gim kh nng lan truyn cht nhim theo
gi, gim ting n v lm mt khng kh. Mt trng cy xanh 3 5m/cy. Ch
u t s ch trng n cc loi cy c tn rng nh cy keo trm. Bn cnh , d
n s thng xuyn dng xe phun nc ti h thng ng vn chuyn sn phm
ni b trong nh my v t nh my ra quc l 13. Thi gian phun nc c tin
hnh 1 ngy 1 ln vo bui sng.
Cc xe ti vn chuyn sn phm i tiu th phi c bt che kn trn thng
xe. Sn phm trong xe thp hn thng xe t nht 10cm.
Xe trc khi ra khi nh my phi c phun nc ra t ct bm ti
bnh xe;
nh k kim tra cc phng tin vn chuyn sn phm i tiu th, kp
thi pht hin v khc phc cc s c c th xy ra;
S dng nhin liu ng vi thit k ca ng c;
Khng s dng cc phng tin vn chuyn qu c, xe ci tin nng trng
ti;
Li xe phi chy xe theo vn tc c quy nh, khi bc d hng phi
tt my xe;
4.2.1.3. Khng ch nhim khng kh trong qu trnh sn xut gch
Nh trnh by, khi d n i vo hot ng cc cng on c th pht sinh
nhim khng kh nh giai on nghin, sng nguyn liu, cn th, cn mn, kh thi
t l nung v bc d sn phm,
(1). i vi khu vc gia cng ch bin than
Ch yu pht sinh bi do hot ng ca my nghin, m bo mi trng
lm vic ca cn b cng nhn vin cn tin hnh nghin m thch hp khong
5%.
My nghin v sng than sinh bi rt nhiu, cn phi c h thng ht bi.
Xy dng tng bao quanh che chn khng nh hng n cc khu vc
khc. Vi khu vc pha than, cng ngh pha than ch u t s u t my nho hai
trc nn lng bi khng nh hng ln n mi trng xung quanh.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

77

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

(2). i vi khu vc d sn phm


Lng than pha vi hm lng nh vo t ci thin tnh cht ca vt
liu nung gii quyt c bn v bi trong thnh phn x l. V vy, lng bi
y c gim i ng k. Kch thc bi t x l thng ln nn sa lng nhanh, t
c kh nng pht tn i xa. Tuy vy, d n s trang b bo h lao ng cho cng
nhn tham gia hot ng khu vc ny.
Mt s DN trang b my ht bi cho khu ny v lc bng ti lc.
(3). i vi khu phi liu
Pha trn ca cc phu np liu thng thit k 2 cnh lun t ng kn trong
qu trnh hot ng. Cnh ch m khi np nguyn liu vo v t ng li khi np
xong. Chnh v th bi ch pht sinh cc b vo thi im np liu khi cnh m ra.
Cn giai on khc ca qu trnh nghin, bi khng pht sinh v nguyn liu np
vo c m cao (20%) nn gn nh khng c bi. cc cng on khc ca cng
ngh c pht sinh ra bi, ch u t s trang b cc thit b bo h lao ng cho
cng nhn m bao cho cng nhn yn tm lm vic.
(4). i vi kh thi l nung
Do c im cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca l nung tuynel, qu trnh chy
trong l din ra mi trng xy ha trit . H s d khng kh t 1,5 2 ln,
lm cho hm lng CO (thnh phn gy nhim ch yu ca qu trnh t than)
c chuyn ha thnh CO2, ton b khi l hi sau khi nung c c phc v
cho qu trnh sy. iu ng ngha vi vic gim phn ln nng bi c hi
pht tn ra mi trng.
gim ti thiu tc ng ca khi l ti mi trng ln cn cng nh hoa
mu ti khu vc xung quanh, nht l trong ma ma m,ch u t s tin hnh lp
t thm h thng x l kh thi trc khi pht thi ra bn ngoi. Bi sinh ra c
x l bng h thng cylon trc khi hp th. S h thng x l kh thi d kin
c a ra nh hnh 4.1.

Thp hp th

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi


ngBnh
thi Dng

/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

B cha dung dch NaOH

78

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

L t

Hnh 4.1. S h thng x l kh thi l t


Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh:
Khi thi ti l t s c thu gom nh cc chp ht cc b ti ni pht thi.
Sau hn hp kh c dn vo thp hp th x l. Ti y s din ra hai qu
trnh c th lm gim nng cc cht nhim trong kh thi l qu trnh ha
hc din ra gia dung dch sa vi v cc phn t kh thi to thnh cc cht
khng c hi i vi mi trng cng nh sc khe ca cn b cng nhn vin
trong nh my. Qu trnh th hai c th lm gim cc cht nhim trong kh thi
l qu trnh hp th din ra gia pha kh v pha lng (do s chnh lch nng cc
hp cht nn cc phn t kh s c thu vo nc vi trung ha nng trong pha
lng). Bin php ph bin hin nay l s dng phng php hp th nh dung dch
kim (Ca(OH)2) bng thp rng tit din trn hot ng theo nguyn l hp th
ngc dng (tc l kh thi i vo trong thp theo chiu t di i ln, cn dung
dch hp th c phun t trn xung). Ca(OH)2 c pha vi nc trong b cha 3
ngn c thit b khuy trn lm long dung dch Ca(OH)2, sau dng bm chm
bm ln thp hp th. phn b kh u hn ngi ta t 1 tm li c l di
y thp. Cc thng s tnh ton i vi thp hp th bao gm:
Tc kh trung bnh trong thp chn v = 1,5-2m/s . Nu tc ln hn
th trong thit b phi c tm chn nc.
Chiu cao thp chn bng 1,1 ln ng knh, H = 1,1D
Tit din thp bng lu lng kh thi chia cho tc kh trong thp, S =
Qkt/v.
Lu lng dung dch phun 3 l/m3 kh. M phun ly tm c b tr 1 hay
nhiu tit din.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

79

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Vi hiu sut x l ca thp hp th l 70% th nng cc cht nhim


c tnh trong chng 3, ti bng 3.17 th sau khi qua thp hp th nng cc cht
nhim cn li d kin c trnh by ti bng 4.1.
Bng 4.1. Nng cc cht nhim d kin sau khi qua khi h thng x l
Cht Nng tnh
Hiu
Nng sau khi ra
QCVN 19nhim iu kin tiu qu x khi thp hp th
2009/BTNMT
3
chun
l 70%
(mg/Nm )
(mg/Nm3)
(mg/Nm3)
SO2
1.213
0,7
363,9
500
850
NO2
934
0,7
280,2
CO
28
0,7
8,4
1000
Nh vy, Kh thi sau khi qua h thng x l kh ca QCVN 19-2009/BTNMT
D n t s c pht tn vo mi trng xung quanh thng qua ng khi cao 16
mt ti d n.
Chiu cao, ng knh ng thi kh l nung
Tnh chiu cao ng khi ph hp:
Da vo ti lng ca cc cht nhim trong khi thi my pht in d
phng (M) v tiu chun v nng thi cho php (Cmax) chng ta c th tnh
c chiu cao ng khi hp l.
Theo cng thc ca s bin dng m hnh Gauss c s:
Cmax =

0,1656.M
uOk H

Trong :
+ u l vn tc gi trung bnh (4m/s)
+ Oy l h s khuch tn chiu ngang (ly 6m)
+H: chiu cao ngun thi (ng khi)
+M: ti lng my pht in (0,83 g/s)
T cng thc trn ta c chiu cao ng khi l:
H=

0,1656.M
uOk Cmax

V d, ta c th ly thng s nhim in hnh l SO2. Theo QCVN 05:2008


th nng ti a cho php i vi SO2 ti mt (Cmax) l 350 g/m. Vi tc
gi trung bnh ti khu vc D n l 4m/s. Ta tnh c chiu cao ng khi l
16,36m.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

80

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

m bo thot kp thi lu lng kh thi pht sinh ti ngun th ng


knh ca ng khi nh phi t khong 1,5 mt.
Nh my s lp t ng khi vi chiu cao 16m, ng knh 1,5m thot kh
thi ra mi trng bn ngoi sau x l.
(5) Khng ch nhim kh thi bung sy
Nh trnh by phn trn, kh thi t bung sy khng cha cc cht
nhim. V vy, bin php thi kh bng ng cao 16m, ng knh 1,5m.
(6) Khng ch nhim kh thi my pht in
Do my pht in ch hot ng khi li in c s c, khng lin tc. Cng
sut my khng ln nn ch cn dng bin php thi kh bng ng khi c chiu cao
5 m nhm pha long lng kh thi ny vo mi trng khng kh xung quanh.
My pht in ch hot ng trong trng hp li in c s c. Nhin liu
s dng cho my pht in l du DO c hm lng lu hunh l 1%, v vy nng
cc cht nhim trong kh thi my pht in hu ht nm trong gii hn tiu
chun cho php.
Tm li hot ng ca my khng thng xuyn, cng sut khng ln v d
n khng nm trong khu vc dn c tp trung nn bin php thi kh ng khi cao
5m, ng knh 0,2m nh trong thit k k thut ban u l chp nhn c v mt
mi trng.
(7). i vi bi sn xut
Do ch s thc hin thu bi t thp hp th bng h thng mng nc v h
thng ti vi gi li tt c cc ht bi c kch thc nh. Hiu sut ca cc bin
php ny l 90% v gi thnh cng khng ln.
(8). i vi ngi cng nhn trc tip sn xut ti khu vc chu tc ng
ca bi v kh thi
Trc khi tuyn cng nhn vo chng ti s khm sc khe u vo cho
cng nhn v ch tuyn cc cng nhn c iu kin sc khe thc hin cng
vic.
T chc mt i cn b an ton lao ng thc hin cc bin php gim
nh hng n cng nhn v qun l tnh hnh an ton lao ng trong nh my.
Trang b y cc trang thit b bo h lao ng cho cng nhn, cc trang
thit b ny gm: qun, o bo h lao ng, m, khu trang, knh, giy,
T chc khm sc khe nh k cho cng nhn mi nm 2 ln;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

81

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Lp t cc bng hiu quy nh bt buc v an ton lao ng trong khu vc


lm vic;
Tuyn truyn, gio dc thc cho cn b cng nhn vin v thc b
v mi trng, t chc thi ua sng kin v an ton mi trng lao ng.
(9). Phng n gim thiu nhit ti cc khu vc c nhit cao (ming l
nung):
Chng ti s s dng bin php sau y lm gim nh hng ca nhit
n sc khe cng nhn:
Xy dng l t ng quy cch thit k, dng vt liu cch nhit v khng
nhit thot ra bn ngoi.
Ti cc khu vc c nhit cao nh ming l, cng nhn phi c trang
b thit b bo h lao ng trnh nhit, c bt mt c ti lc than hot tnh
ngn khng cho cc cht nhim vo bung phi.
Tng cng gii nhit bng cch cung cp nc chanh, nc ng h
nhit c th.
B tr thi gian lm vic hp l khng qu ca, qu gi v phi thay i ca
ti ming l lin tc (i lm vic ti l ngy lm, ngy ngh).
Ti ming l c th b tr cc cabin cch nhit cng nhn ngi trong qu
trnh canh la t l
4.2.2. Cc bin php khng ch v gim thiu nhim mi trng nc
4.2.2.1. Nc ma chy trn
Nc ma chy trn trn mt bng nh my c thu gom bng ng mng
dn nc c tm an qua cc h gas v h lng nc ma ti bi t nhm lng
cn m nc ma cun theo trn mt bng ca d n sau thi trc tip xung
sui nh
Trn mng li thot nc b tr cc h ga c song chn rc v cc ging kim
tra. Nc ma s c lng lc t nhin. Cc h ga s c nh k no vt loi
b nhng rc, cn lng. Bn thi c chn lp hp v sinh.
4.2.2.2. Nc thi sinh hot
Nc thi sinh hot t khu nh n, nh v sinh nh tm khu ca cng nhn
c lu lng khong 5.6 m3/ngy c thu gom bng h thng ng ng ring,
tch bit vi h thng thot nc ma. Nc thi sinh hot thu gom c x l s
b bng cc b t hoi 3 ngn.
Tnh ton th tch b t hoi:
Th tch ngn cha bn
W1 = a x N x T x (1- P)/1000 (m3)
Trong :
a : H s pht thi bn: 70 g/ngi/ngy, tng ng 0,07 lt/ngi/ngy
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

82

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

N : S ngi s dng: 100


T: Thi gian lu bn: T = 180 360 ngy, chn T = 360 ngy
P: h s phn hy bn: P = 0,2
W1 = 1,5. Chn W1 = 2 m3
Th tch phn cha nc: W2 = k x Q (m3)
K: H s lu lng: Chn K = 2,5.
Q: Lu lng nc thi pht sinh: Q = 5,6 m3/ngy
W2 = 2,5 * 5,6 = 14 m3
Th tch tng cng : W = W1 + W2 = 16 m3, H s d phng : 1,2. Vy: th
3
vo
tch b t hoi l:ng
20dn
mnc
ng thot nc ra

Hnh 4.2: Cu to b t hoi x l nc thi sinh hot


Ngn lng
Nc thi sinh hot ca ca cn b, cng nhn s c thuLpgom
v b t hoi
vt liu lc
Ngn
lc
ln
men
cn
x l. Nc thi vo b t hoi u tin s qua ngn lng v phn hy cn. Ti
ngn ny, cc cn rn c gia li v phn hy mt phn vi hiu sut khong
20% di tc dng ca vi sinh vt k kh. Sau , nc qua ngn cha nc. Ti
y, cc thnh phn hu c c trong nc thi tip tc b phn hy di tc dng
ca vi sinh vt k kh. Sau ngn lng cn, nc c a qua ngn lc vi vt liu
lc bao gm si, than, ct c b tr t di ln trn nhm tch cc cht rn l
lng c trong nc thi. B t hoi u c ng thng hi gii phng kh t qu
trnh phn hy.
Sau khi qua b t hoi th hm lng cc cht nhim BOD5, COD v SS
gim ng k nhng vn cha t quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi (QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT, ct B, K = 1,2)
Nc thi sau khi qua b t hoi s c cho ra h sinh hc phn hu cc
cht hu c cn li v tiu th dinh dng.
H sinh hc l h o, dng b h nn t. Trong h c th thc vt ni
trong nc nh rau mung, lc bnh, v xung quanh h sinh hc c trng thc
vt cn nhm trnh st l v hp th mt phn dinh dng
Thi gian lu nc trong h sinh hc khong 15 ngy (tng ng 80m3).
Thi gian lu nc ny vi sinh vt trong nc phn hy hon ton lng hu
Ngn lng

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

83

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

c v dinh dng sau khi qua b t hoi. Ngoi ra, cn c s h tr hp th dinh


dng t cc thc vt nui cy trong h sinh hc.
Nc thi sau h sinh hot t QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, ct B, K = 1,2 v thi
vo ngun tip nhn sui nh cch nh my 1.700 m v pha ty.
4.2.2.3. Nc thi sn xut
i vi nc thi sn xut t qu trnh ngm nguyn liu c hm lng rt
nh, ch m bo b sung cho m ca nguyn liu nn khng pht sinh nc thi
ra bn ngoi.
Nc thi sn xut pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca d n ch do qu
trnh ra thit b may mc. Lng nc ny s c thu gom v lng t ct v vt
du m ti b lng. Sau c thi ra sui nh, cht lng nc m bo x l
t QCVN 24 : 2009 loi B trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn.
4.2.3. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng do cht thi rn:
Vn khng ch nhim do cht thi rn bao gm vic kim sot v x l
trit rc thi sinh hot, cht thi rn sn xut khng nguy hi, cht thi nguy hi.
Ch u t d n p dng cc bin php khng ch ch yu nh sau:
Cht thi rn sinh hot ti nh my c thu gom hng ngy v vn chuyn
n ni x l hp v sinh;
Ch u t tin hnh phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun trong qu trnh hot
ng sn xut ca d n. Cc loi cht thi c th ti s dng hoc trao i, s c
ti s dng hoc trao i cho cc i tng c nhu cu.
Cc loi cht thi nguy hi s hp ng n v c chc nng thu gom vn
chuyn x l an ton.(theo thng t 12/2006/TT-BTNMT v quyt nh s
23/2006/Q-BTNMT)
4.3. CC BIN PHP PHNG NGA V NG PH S C MI
TRNG
4.3.1. Cc bin php v an ton lao ng
Cc bin php bo v an ton lao ng, phng nga v x l trong trng
hp xy ra tai nn lao ng khi khai thc tn thu lm sn, khai hoang v xy dng
cho cc cng nhn ang lm vic trong khu vc d n l khng th thiu do h phi
thng xuyn tip xc nhng mi nguy c e da n tnh mng ca h do h phi
thng xuyn lm vic trong mi trng c nhiu mi nguy him ang rnh rp nh
rn, rt, b cp, vt,... hay cc loi mui truyn nhim gy bnh khc.
Do cc yu t nguy him nh trn, d n phi quan tm n vn an ton
nhm m bo mi trng lao ng an ton cho cc cng nhn nh:
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

84

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Lp Ban an ton lao ng v bo v mi trng ti khu vc d n gm


trng ban chuyn trch v i din ca mi t thi cng;
Quy nh cc ni quy an ton lao ng ti khu vc d n
Cung cp y cc trang thit b bo h lao ng cho cng nhn;
Nhc nh cng nhn s dng trang b bo h lao ng khi lm vic;
Kim tra v bo tr thng xuyn cc phng tin vn ti, cc my mc thit
b k thut bo m tuyt i an ton trong thi cng;
Trang b cc t thuc y t cho cng nhn vi cc loi thuc thng thng
nh thuc tr rn cn, cm, st,...
Kim tra sc kho nh k 06 thng/ln cho cng nhn.
4.3.2. Phng nga v ng ph s c chy n
Cc my mc, thit b lm vic nhit , p sut cao s c qun l
thng qua cc h s l lch c kim tra, ng kim nh k ti cc c quan chc
nng nh nc. Cc thit b ny s c lp t cc ng h o nhit , p sut,
mc dung dch trong thit b, ... nhm gim st cc thng s k thut;
H thng cu ho c kt hp gia khong cch ca cc phn xng ln
hn 10m iu kin cho ngi v phng tin di chuyn khi c chy, gi khong
rng cn thit ngn cch m chy lan rng. Cc hng ly nc cu ho b tr u
khp phm vi nh my, kt hp cc dng c cha chy nh bnh CO2, bnh bt, ...
trong tng b phn sn xut v t nhng a im thao tc thun tin. H thng
phun nc cha chy t ng theo gii hn nhit 700 oC b tr u trn mi
xng kt hp h thng bm iu khin bng p lc trong ng ng hoc t b d
tr nc trn cao;
Trong cc v tr sn xut thc hin nghim ngt quy phm an ton i vi
tng cng nhn trong sut thi gian lm vic;
Cc loi dung mi v nhin liu d chy s c lu tr trong cc kho cch
ly ring bit, trnh xa cc ngun c kh nng pht la v tia la in, cc bn cha
dung mi s c lp t cc van an ton, cc thit b theo di nhit , cc thit b
bo chy, cha chy t ng;
Trong cc khu sn xut, kho nguyn liu v thnh phm s c lp t h
thng bo chy, h thng thng tin, bo ng. Cc phng tin phng chy cha
chy s c kim tra thng xuyn v trong tnh trng sn sng hot ng;
Trong khu vc c th gy chy, cng nhn khng c ht thuc, khng
mang bt la, dim qut, cc dng c pht ra la do ma st, tia la in;
Xy dng i phng chng chy n m nhim cho d n;
Cng nhn lm vic trc tip trong cc nh xng sn xut, kho cha nhin
liu s c tp hun, hng dn cc phng php phng chng chy n;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

85

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

u t cc thit b chng chy n ti cc khu vc kho cha hng ho nhin


liu. B tr h thng chng chy n ti xung quanh khu vc d n;
D n c cc trang thit b chng chy n nhm cu cha kp thi khi s
c xy ra.
4.3.3. Phng chng st
Lp h thng chng st cho cc v tr cao ca khu vc d n;
Lp t h thng thu st, thu tnh in tch t v ci tin h thng theo cc
cng ngh mi nhm t an ton cao cho cc hot ng ca d n;
in tr tip t xung kch < 10 khi in tr sut ca t < 50.000 /cm2.
in tr tip t xung kch >10 khi in tr sut ca t > 50.000 /cm2;
Tin hnh lp t h thng chng st chung cho ton b khu vc d n;
S dng loi thit b chng st tch cc, cc tr chng st c b tr
bo v khp d n vi cao bo v tnh ton l 10 - 14m;
Tin hnh u t theo tin xy dng c s h tng.
4.3.4. Phng chng r r nguyn nhin liu
phng chng v cp cu s c r r nguyn nhin liu dng lng hay kh,
Ch u t phi hp cng cc c quan chc nng kim tra nghim ngt cc h
thng k thut trong kho cha, phng tin vn ti v lp phng n ng cu s c
nhm x l s c gay khi n xy ra.
Ch u t cng vi cc c quan chc nng lp phng n cp cu x l s c
r r, t chc, thc hin din tp cng tc cp cu khi xy ra s c thng xuyn.

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

86

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

CHNG 5
CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG, CHNG
TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG
5.1. DANH MC CC CNG TRNH X L MI TRNG
Cc cng trnh x l cht thi chnh ti d n nh sau:
5.1.1. Trong giai on xy dng
20 thng cha rc;
B t hoi dung tch 80m3.
5.1.2. Trong giai on hot ng
B t hoi dung tch 60m3;
H thng cng thu gom nc ma, nc thi;
1 Bi trung chuyn cht thi rn;
Cc thng chuyn dng cha rc 40 thng.
Cy xanh, thm c
5.2. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG
5.2.1 Chng trnh qun l mi trng
Da trn quy hoch xy dng h thng giao thng, cp in nc, h thng
thu gom nc ma, nc thi, cht thi rn sn xut v sinh hot ring ph hp
qun l cc ngun nc thi, cht thi rn sn xut v sinh hot ti khu vc d n;
Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng trong vic thm nh thit k k thut
v gim st cht lng mi trng nh k.
Ch u t s iu chnh kp thi cc h thng x l cht thi nhm thi
hnh nghim chnh cc cam kt a ra trong bo co TM ca d n;
Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng nh nc xy dng thng nht
phng n phng chng s c chy n, r r nguyn nhin liu;
Thng xuyn kim tra cng tc bo v mi trng ti nh my;
Tun th cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng;
Thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng nu trong bo co nh gi tc
ng mi trng c ph duyt v tun th tiu chun mi trng;
Phng nga, hn ch cc tc ng xu i vi mi trng t cc hot ng
ca d n;
Khc phc nhim mi trng do hot ng ca d n gy ra;
Tuyn truyn, gio dc, nng cao thc bo v mi trng cho cn b
cng nhn vin trong nh my;
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

87

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Thc hin ch bo co v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v


bo v mi trng;
Chp hnh ch kim tra, thanh tra bo v mi trng;
5.2.2. Kinh ph d kin cho phng chng v x l nhim
Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc phng chng v x l nhim c th hin bng
5.1.
Bng 5.1. Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc phng chng v x l nhim
n gi
Kinh ph
Stt
Tn cng trnh
S lng
(ng)
(triu ng)
Giai on thi cng
01 Cc thng cha rc
20
800.000
16
3
02 Cc b t hoi
80 m
500.000
40
Giai on hot ng
Nc thi
01 H thng thot nc ma
Kinh ph trong xy dng c bn
02 H thng thot nc thi
04 Cc b t hoi
60 m3
1.000.000
60
3
05 B lng x l NTSX
50m
40.000.000
40
Kh thi
01 ng ng, chp ht
2
40.000.000
80
02 Qut ht
2
25.000.000
50
03 Thp hp th
1
80.000.000
80
04 Ha cht, bn cha
H thng
5.000.000
5
Rc thi
01 Bi trung chuyn cht thi
10
rn
02 Cc thng cha rc
40
800.000
32
03 Cy xanh
20
Phng nga, ng ph s c mi trng
01 Cc tr nc cu ha
10 tr
12.000.000
120
02 Thit b cu ha
B
50.000.000
50
Tng cng
598
5.2.3. Kinh ph d kin cho cng tc gim st cht lng mi trng
Ch d n dnh mt khon kinh ph hng nm cho cng vic gim st cht
lng mi trng. Tng kinh ph dng trong cng tc qun l gim st mi trng
d kin khong 43 triu ng/nm, c th nh sau:
5.3. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

88

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Ch d n s phi hp cng vi cc c quan chc nng lp chng trnh gim


st mi trng, tin hnh thu mu gim st cht lng mi trng ti cc ngun
pht sinh nhim trong d n theo thi gian nh k hng nm nhm nh gi s b
hin trng cht lng mi trng, cung cp thng tin mi trng trong khu vc cho
S Ti Nguyn v Mi Trng tnh Bnh Phc, gp phn vo cng tc qun l mi
trng ca tnh. K hoch gim st mi trng c th nh sau:

CO.

5.3.1. Gim st kh thi sn xut


Thng s gim st : tc gi, nhit , n, bi tng cng, SO2, NO2, HF,

S im thu mu : 2 ng khi
Tn sut gim st : kh thi 3 thng/ln, Thit b thu mu
chun
Tiu chun so snh
: QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT

: Thit b tiu

5.3.2 Gim st khng kh xung quanh


Thng s gim st : bi tng cng, SO2, NO2, CO, THC.
S im thu mu: 6 im mi trng khng kh xung quanh
Tn sut gim st: khng kh xung quanh: 6 thng/ln.
Tiu chun so snh
: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.
5.3.3. Gim st nc thi
Thng s gim st : pH, COD, BOD, SS, du m, tng N, tng P,
Coliform
Tn sut gim st : 4 ln/nm.
Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch: thit b chun v theo tiu
chun Vit Nam.
Tiu chun so snh
: Quy chun cht lng mi trng Vit Nam
(QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, Ct B ).
5.3.4. Gim st cht lng nc mt
S mu gim st : 1 mu, c th:
+ 01 mu trc ca x trn sui nh cnh d n;
Cc ch tiu gim st gm: pH, BOD5, COD, DO, TSS, Amni, Nitrat,
Nitrit, Sunfat, Florua, tng St, Ch, du m, tng Coliform;
Tn sut gim st: 2 ln/nm;
Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch: Phng php tiu chun;
Tiu chun so snh : Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (QCVN 08 2008)
5.3.5. Gim st cht lng nc ngm
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

89

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Gim st 2 mu nc ngm ti khu vc d n;


Ch tiu phn tch bao gm: pH, cng, TDS, Asen, Clorua, Nitrat,
Sunfat, Florua, tng St, Mangan, Ch, Phenol, Xyanua, E.Coli, tng Coliform;
Tn sut gim st: 2 ln/nm;
Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch: Phng php tiu chun;
Tiu chun so snh: Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam (QCVN 09
2008/BTNMT).

5.3.6 Gim st cht thi rn


Khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot v sn xut s c thng k hng ngy.
nh k (3thng/1ln) tng hp cc kt qu v bo co cho c quan qun l mi
trng a phng.

CHNG 6
THAM VN KIN CNG NG
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

90

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Cn c Theo quy nh ti khon 8, iu 20 ca Lut Bo v mi trng v


theo Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP, Thng t 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ch d n gi
vn bn ti y Ban Nhn Dn cp x, y Ban Mt Trn T Quc cp x ni thc
hin d n thng bo v nhng ni dung c bn ca d n, nhng tc ng xu v
mi trng ca d n, nhng bin php gim thiu tc ng xu d kin p dng v
ngh cc c quan, t chc ny cho kin phn hi bng vn bn. Sau y l cc
kin ca 02 t chc trn v d n.
6.1. KIN CA Y BAN NHN DN CP X
Ch d n gi vn bn n y ban nhn dn xa Lc Hng, huyn Lc
Ninh, tinh Bnh Phc. U ban nhn dn x Lc Hng c cc kin nh sau:
V mt tch cc ca d n:

Ph hp vi nhu cu pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh.

To cng n vic lm n nh cho ngi dn a phng

Cung cp cc loi gch ra th trng gp phn tng GDP khu vc.


V mt hn ch v kin khc phc khi trin khai d n:
D n s lm ny sinh nhng vn mi trng nh trong gii trnh ni dung
ca d n nu.
kin v gii php gim thiu
Nht tr vi cc bin php gim thiu v khc phc s c trong qu trnh xy
dng cng nh qu trnh hot ng m Ch u t xut.
Kt lun: UBND x Lc Hng ng h cho d n trin khai v yu cu Ch d
n phi thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng nh bo co nh gi tc ng
mi trng c ph duyt.
6.2. KIN CA I DIN CNG NG DN C
U ban Mt trn T Quc x Lc Hng c cc kin nh sau:
- Li ch ca d n
ng gp tng GDP cho tnh Bnh Phc ni chung v huyn Lc Ninh ni
ring.
To cng n vic lm cho ngi dn a phng
Ph hp vi nhu cu pht trin kinh t v x hi ca tnh.
kin v cc tc ng xu ca d n v bin php gim thiu
D n s lm ny sinh nhng vn mi trng nh trong gii trnh ni
dung ca d n nu.
Nht tr vi cc bin php gim thiu v khc phc s c trong qu trnh xy
dng cng nh qu trnh hot ng m Ch u t xut.
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

91

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Ch u t cn kt hp vi chnh quyn a phng qun l tt cng


nhn lao ng, trnh xy sinh t nn x hi v cc vn khc lin quan.
Kt lun: UBMTTQ x Lc Hng ng h vic trin khai d n. Ch u t
cn thc hin y cc bin php nh trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng
nu ra.
(Cng vn tr li ca UBND v UBMTTQ x Lc Hng c nh km ti
ph lc ca bo co).
6.3. GII TRNH CA CH U T
Sau khi nhn c kin phn hi bng vn bn ca UBND v UBMTTQ x
Lc Hng, Cng ty chng ti nhn thy rng cc kin u nht tr tn thnh vi
vic trin khai d n ti a im nu trn, cng nh ng vi cc gii php bo
v mi trng m chng ti trnh by trong bo co.
Cng ty cam kt s thc hin ng cc bin php khng ch v gim thiu tc
ng trong giai on chun b mt bng, xy dng v lp t thit b, cc bin php
phng chng s c mi trng nhm kim sot hiu qu cc cht gy nhim pht
sinh trong cc giai on nu trn. Thc hin nghim tc cc chng trnh qun l
mi trng v gim st mi trng nh a ra trong Chng 6 ca bo co.
Chng ti cng cam kt s u tin s dng lao ng a phng trong qu trnh
thc hin d n, gp phn vo vic gii quyt lao ng, vic lm ca a phng.

KT LUN, KIN NGH V CAM KT


1. KT LUN
Trn c s nghin cu v nh gi tc ng mi trng mt cch chi tit ca
D n u t xy dng Nh my sn xut gch Tuynen cng sut 50 triu vin/nm,
ch u t rt ra mt s kt lun chnh sau y:
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

92

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

D n s gp phn thc y pht trin kinh t - x hi ti x Lc Ninh ni


chung v x Lc Hng ni ring, ng thi gp phn tng ngun thu cho ngn sch
Nh nc, to cng n, vic lm v thu nhp n nh cho lc lng lao ng ti a
phng.
Qu trnh thi cng xy dng v hot ng lu di ca d n s gy ra mt
s tc ng tiu cc ti KT - XH v mi trng, nu khng c cc bin php phng
nga, khng ch, x l nhim mi trng. Cc tc ng c th l:
+ Gy nhim mi trng khng kh trn khu vc do bi, kh thi, hi xng,
du, ting n do hot ng chun b mt bng, xy dng, sn xut.
+ Gy nhim ngun nc do nc thi sinh hot, nc ma chy trn pht
sinh trong qu trnh xy dng v hot ng lu di ca d n.
+ Gy nhim mi trng do cht thi rn sn xut, cht thi nguy hi nguy
hi v rc thi sinh hot pht sinh trong qu trnh xy dng v hot ng lu di ca
d n.
+ Gy xi mn, xt ln t nu khng c bin php thi cng hp l v thu gom
nc ma tt.
2. KIN NGH
hot ng ca d n i vo hot ng c hiu qu v mang li nhng li
ch phc v cho s pht trin chung ca ton tnh, Ch d n c mt s kin ngh
nh sau:
+ C hnh thc u i v thu v cc dch v.
+ To iu kin thun li cho Ch u t trong qu trnh hot ng nh: cng
tc vn chuyn, giao thng, in, nc.
+ H tr v cng tc an ninh, trt t ti khu vc D n.
+ C quan chc nng v mi trng to mi iu kin thun li d n i
vo hot ng, c bit trong vic thc hin bo v mi trng.
+ Cng ty knh ngh S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Bnh Phc xem xt
v ph duyt bo co TM cho d n.
3. CAM KT
3.1. CAM KT THC HIN CC BIN PHP GIM THIU CC
TC NG XU
Cng ty TNHH MTV SX TM Hong Thin l ch D n u t Nh my
sn xut gch Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm ti p 2, x Lc Hng, huyn
Lc Ninh, tnh Bnh Phc, cam kt thc hin cc bin php khng ch v gim
thiu cc tc ng xu trong giai on xy dng v trong giai on hot ng nh
nu c th trong bo co ny. C th nh sau:
(1). Giai on quy hoch v thi cng xy dng c s h tng d n:
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

93

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Thc hin cc bin php hn ch cc tc ng c hi trong giai on quy


hoch v thit k chi tit d n;
Thc hin tt cc bin php t chc thi cng xy dng;
Thc hin cc bin php bo v mi trng trong qu trnh thi cng xy
dng: B tr hp l tuyn ng vn chuyn nguyn vt liu, lp ro chn cch ly,
chiu sng cng trng,
Kim sot cc hot ng ca cng nhn nhm kim sot nhim;
Thc hin cc bin php an ton lao ng;
(2). Trong giai on hot ng ca d n:
Thc hin cc bin php khng ch v gim thiu nhim khng kh;
Thc hin cc bin php khng ch v gim thiu nhim mi trng
nc: x l nc thi sinh hot v nc thi sn xut cc b ti nh my, thot
nc ma hp l khng xy ra xi mn, st ln t;
Thc hin cc bin php khng ch v gim thiu nhim do cht thi rn.
Tin hnh th tc xin php khai thc nc ngm.
Tin hnh th tc lp s ch ngun thi cht thi nguy hi vi S Ti
Nguyn Mi Trng.
(3). p dng cc bin php phng chng s c v gim thiu nhim nh
trnh by trong bo co bao gm:
Phng nga v ng ph s c chy n;
Phng chng st;
Phng chng r r nguyn nhin liu.
ng thi, ch u t cng c nhng cam kt sau:
Tng cng cng tc o to cn b v mi trng nhm nng cao nng
lc qun l mi trng, bo m khng pht sinh cc vn gy nhim mi
trng.
Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng cc
h thng khng ch nhim kp thi iu chnh mc nhim nhm t tiu
chun mi trng theo quy nh v phng chng s c mi trng khi xy ra.
Cc bin php khng ch nhim v hn ch cc tc ng c hi ca d n
ti mi trng c a ra v kin ngh trong bo co l nhng bin php kh
thi, c th m bo Tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam.
Cam kt thi gian hon thnh cng trnh x l mi trng: Ngay khi d n
i vo hot ng, cc h thng khng ch nhim cng s hon thnh.
3.2 CAM KT THC HIN TT C CC BIN PHP, QUY NH
CHUNG V BO V MI TRNG C LIN QUAN N D N
n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng
/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

94

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

Ch u t cam kt thc hin cc ni dung sau:


Ch u t s u t y kinh ph cho cng tc bo v mi trng d n
v cam kt thc hin nghim chnh cc phng n phng nga, khng ch, x l
nhim mi trng ra trong bo co TM d n ny nhm bo m t hon
ton cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam theo quy nh, c th nh sau:
+ Khng kh xung quanh t quy chun chun QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, khu
vc xng sn xut t tiu chun theo Quyt nh 3733/2002/BYT.
+ Nc thi sinh hot t QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, ct B.
+ Cht thi rn khng nguy hi, cht thi rn sinh hot c x l, thu gom,
vn chuyn n ni x l theo ng yu cu an ton v sinh ca cc c quan hu
quan.
+ Cht thi nguy hi s c ng k ch ngun thi v hp ng vi n v
c chc nng thu gom v x l ng quy nh.
+ m bo din tch cy xanh, cc bin php ci thin iu kin vi kh hu, cc
bin php v sinh an ton lao ng v cc bin php phng chng s c mi trng
(chy n, trn ho cht, ...);
Ch u t s phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng trong qu trnh thit k
k thut v thi cng cc h thng khng ch nhim kp thi iu chnh mc
nhim nhm t tiu chun mi trng quy nh v phng chng s c mi
trng khi xy ra;
Cc bin php khng ch nhim v hn ch cc tc ng c hi ca d n
ti mi trng c xut trong bo co TM ny l nhng bin php kh thi,
m bo cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam ban hnh.
Cam kt chu hon ton trch nhim trc php lut Vit Nam nu vi phm
cc Cng c Quc t, cc Tiu chun Vit Nam v nu xy ra s c gy
nhim mi trng

PH LC
Vn bn php l lin quan n d n
Cc s , bn v ca d n (s v tr ly mu,bn v tng mt bng, bn v
quy hoch nc ma)
Kt qu phn tch mu hin trng mi trng
Cc tiu chun so snh p dng

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

95

Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n xy dng nh my sn xut gch


Tuynel cng sut 50 triu vin/nm

n v thc hin TM: Cng ty CP T PT CN Mi trng Thi Bnh Dng


/c: 50/16/2a ng s 5, C x Chu Vn An, phng 26, qun Bnh Thnh, Tp. HCM

96

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