H IU HNH DOS -"MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System) Gm hai nhm lnh: Ni tr v Ngoi tr. a.

Lnh ni tr (internal command) Lnh ni tr l nhng lnh nm thng trc trong b nh my khi c khi ng v sn sng thc hin lnh khi ta gi n. Lnh ni tr nm trong phn khi ng ca MS-DOS cha trong cc file COMMAND.COM, IO.SYS v MSDOS.SYS. + Tp tin COMMAND.COM l tp tin quan trng nht, c nhim v thng dch lnh v x l cc lnh ni tr. Khi khi ng my, COMMAND.COM c np vo b nh RAM. Khi nhn c lnh t bn phm, tp tin ny s nhn din v iu khin vic thi hnh cc lnh t ngi s dng. + Hai tp tin IO.SYS v MSDOS.SYS l hai tp tin n, n cng c np vo RAM khi khi ng my. Chng c nhim v qun l v iu khin cc thit b ngoi vi v cc tp tin trn a. Tp lnh ni tr gm cc lnh chnh thng dng nh: Cc lnh lin quan n th mc: DIR, CD, MD, RD, PATH, TREE, Cc lnh lin quan n file: TYPE, DEL, COPY, REN, Cc lnh thi gian: TIME, DATE Cc lnh khc: PROMPT, CLS, VER, VOL, Cc lnh ni tr c bn: * Chuyn a: C php : <K t a : > hoc < drive : >

Vi drive: l a cn chuyn n. Mun chuyn t a C sang a A ta g C:\> A: ri nhn nt Enter. Tng t chuyn t A: sang U: ta g lnh U: * Lit k th mc (DIR) Hin th danh sch cc tp tin v cc th mc con c trong th mc. C php: Ghi ch: /P : /W : /A : hin th tng trang mn hnh (Page) hin th theo hng ngang (Wide), lt b bt s liu v kch thc byte, ngy, gi. hin th thuc tnh (Attribut) ca file DIR [drive :] [path][/P][/W][/A : attribs][/O : sortorder]

/Option: cc nh hin th trt t sp xp: N : theo alphabetic tn file;

E : theo alphabetic tn phn m rng S : theo kch thc bytes (t nh n ln) D : theo ngy thng v gi (t trc n nay) G : theo nhm th mc trc * To th mc mi (Make Directory MD) To mt th mc mi trong a hoc th mc hin hnh. C php: MD [drive :][path]<tn th mc mi>

* i th mc (Change Directory CD) C php: V d 4.5 Ghi ch: - T th mc con, mun tr v th mc cha, ta g: CD.. - Nu mun v thng th mc gc, ta g: - hin th ng dn hin hnh, ta g: * Xem ni dung tp tin trn mn hnh (TYPE) C php: Ghi ch: - Lnh TYPE dng hin th mt tp tin vn bn cha m ASCII mi c c. - Cc file cha m nh phn ca chng trnh nh cc file *.EXE, *.COM, *.BIN, th khi g lnh TYPE s khng c bnh thng c. * Xa th mc (Remove Directory RD) Xo b mt th mc con rng (khng cha cc tp tin v th mc con). C php: RD [drive :] <path> TYPE [drive:][path]<file name> CD\ CD CD [drive :] {path} C:\>CD PASCAL s c C:\PASCAL>_

* Sao chp tp tin (COPY) C php 1: sao chp tp tin sang mt v tr khc. COPY [drive1 :][path1]<filename1> [drive2:][path2][<filename2>] Ghi ch: - Mun copy mt nhm tp tin, ta c th dng cc k t i din ca tp tin l du * hoc ? trong <filename>

- Nu khng vit <filename 2> th my s hiu l sao chp m khng i tn tp tin. Khi a [drive1:] phi khc [drive2:] hoc ng dn <path1> khc <path2> - Khi khng ch r a v ng dn th my s hiu ang thc hin trn a v th mc hin hnh. C php 2: cho php ni cc tp tin c sn thnh mt tp tin mi chung. COPY <file 1> + <file 2> [+ ... + <file n>] [<new_file>] Ghi ch: - Nu khng t tn tp tin mi th tt c cc tp tin s ghp chung vo <file 1> ni dung c s c thay bng ni dung mi. - Tn <new_file > khng c trng vi tn cc tp tin cn ghp. C php 3: sao chp tp tin ra my in. COPY <filename> PRN C php 4: dng lnh COPY to ra mt tp tin vn bn n gin. COPY CON <filename> Ghi ch: Sau khi g Enter, ta c th nh vo mt vi on vn trn bn phm ty . Mun kt thc, nh t hp phm Ctrl+Z hay F6 v Enter lu tr. Khi g Enter xung dng, ta khng di chuyn con tr tr ln dng trn c. Nu <new_file > c th

Li vn bn sai khng th sa ni dung trc tip khi lu, ngoi tr phi dng cc trnh son tho vn bn khc. * Xo tp tin (Delete DEL) C php: Ghi ch: - C th xo mt lot <tn file> nu dng cc k t * v ? - [/P] to nhc xc nh tng tp tin mun xa - Xa tt c cc tp tin th dng lnh DEL *.* khi my s hi li : All files in directory will be deleted Are you sure (y/n) ? _ ! (Tt c cc tp tin s b xa ! DEL [drive:][path]<file name>[/P]

Bn c chc khng (y/n) ?)

G y (yes) nu mun xa tt c v n (no) khi khng mun dng lnh xa tt c. - Lnh DEL khng xa cc tp tin n (hiden) v tp tin ch c (read only). Mun xo cc tp tin ny ta phi dng lnh ATTRIB ngoi tr thay i thuc tnh ca n. - Nu DEL mt th mc th xa ht cc tp tin trong th mc .

* i tn tp tin (Rename REN) C php: Ghi ch: - <old_file> : tn tp tin c cn i <new_file> : tn tp tin mi REN [drive:][path]<old_file> <new_file>

- Trng hp tp tin mi c tn ri hoc khng c tp tin c, my s bo: Duplicate file name or file not found * Xa mn hnh (ClearScreen - CLS) C php: CLS

* Du i lnh (PROMPT) C php: Ghi ch: - Lnh ny nh dng li du i lnh ca MS-DOS theo ring ca ngi s dng. - $text l chui cc k t lin tip nhau, trc mi k t c k hiu $ $P $G $L $Q $T $D $N $V $_ : a v th mc hin hnh : du > : du < : du = : gi hin hnh : ngy hin hnh : a hin hnh : phin bn ca MS-DOS : xung hng PROMPT [$text]

* Xem v chnh thi gian (TIME) C php: Ghi ch: - Sau khi Enter, trn mn hnh s xut hin gi pht giy hin ti ca h thng. V d 4.5: TIME TIME [hh:mm:ss]

Current Time is 9 : 30 : 15

Enter new time : _ - Nu khng cn thay i thi gian, ta nhn Enter xc nhn. - Mun chnh thi gian, ta nhp gi : pht : giy ph hp ti v tr con tr. * Xem v chnh ngy thng (DATE) C php: Ghi ch: - Sau khi g Enter, trn mn hnh s hin ngy thng nm hin ti ca h thng. - Kiu ngy thng nm do ngi s dng thit lp. V d 4.6: DATE DATE [mm-dd-yy]

Current date is Sun 09-15-96 Enter new date (mm-dd-yy) : _ - Nu khng mun thay i ngy thng ca h thng, ta g Enter xc nhn. - Nu mun thay i ngy thng, ta g theo th t s : thng-ngy-nm Lu : khi g sai, my s bo : Invalid date (ngy thng khng hp l). Khi ngy thng ca h thng vn gi nguyn v ta phi dng lnh DATE nhp li ngy thng cho h thng. Cc my tnh Pentium hin nay u th hin phn nm l 4 con s, v d : Current date is Fri 08-04-2000 b. Lnh ngoi tr ( external command) Lnh ngoi tr cng l nhng lnh cha cc chc nng no ca iu hnh nhng t c s dng hn lnh ni tr nn c trn a hay th mc ring tn b nh. Cc lnh ngoi tr phi c np t a vo trong b nh mi chy c. Khi thc hin xong cu lnh, vng b nh c cha cu lnh ngoi tr s b thu hi. Cc tp lnh ngoi tr c phn m rng l EXE hay COM hoc BAT. Khi gi lnh m my khng tm thy trn mn hnh hnh s xut hin cu bo li Bad command or file name (Sai lnh hoc khng c tn tp tin). Cc lnh ngoi tr nh: Cc lnh lin quan n a: FORMAT, LABEL, CHKDSK, DISKCOPY, Cc lnh lin quan n t chc h thng: SYS, TREE, DELTREE, Cc lnh lin quan n tp tin: UNDELETE, ATTRIB, FIND, Cc lnh khc: PRINT, GRAPHICS, SORT, Mt s lnh ngai tr thng dng: * To khun a (FORMAT) Lnh FORMAT c tc dng khi to khun cho mt a mi hay to li dng khun cho a c. Khi thc hin lnh FORMAT xong th ton b d liu trong a c hon ton b xo sch.

C php: Ghi ch:

FORMAT [drive :][/S][/U][/Q][/V[:label]]

- Tham s /S dng to ra a h thng. DOS s to dng v chp vo a 3 file h thng l COMMAND.COM (file hin), IO.SYS v MSDOS.SYS (file n). - Tham s /U thc hin format khng iu kin (Unconditional) - Tham s /Q thc hin format nhanh (Quick) - Tham s /V[:label ] ch nh tn nhn (label) ca a V d 4.7: C:\>format A: Insert new diskette for drive A : and press ENTER when ready (a a mi vo A: v n phm Enter khi sn sng ) mun format bnh thng a A:

Sau l qu trnh format. Ta c th quan st qu trnh ny qua s % thc hin. Khi format xong, my s hin th dng yu cu cho tn a v bn c th cho tn a vi ti a 11 k t v c quyn s dng k t trng, nu khng cn t tn, ta c th nhn Enter cho qua lun. Checking existing disk format Saving UNFORMAT information Verifying 1.44 M (90% persent completed) Format complete. (Kim tra s tn ti a nh dng Lu cc thng tin UNFORMAT Th 1.44 M (90% phn trm hon tt) Hon tt nh dng

Volume label (11 characters, Enter for none) ?Tn nhn (11 ch, Enter nu khng)? 1,457,644 bytes total disk space 1,457,644 bytes available on disk 1,457,644 tng s bytes trn a 1,457,644 bytes dng c trn a

512 bytes in each allocation unit 512 bytes trn mi n v allocation 2,847 allocation units avalable on disk 2,847 n v allocation cn trng trn a Volume Serial Number is 2264 14E2 Format another (Y/N) ? S s-ri ca a l 2264 14E2 nh dng a khc khng (Y/N) ?

G Y nu mun nh dng da khc, N nu mun tr v. * Thay i thuc tnh ca file (ATTRIB) Mi tp tin u c 4 thuc tnh (attribute) : R, S, H, A. Read Only : Thuc tnh ch c, khng th thay i ni dung

System Hidden Archive d phng. C php:

: Thuc tnh h thng, h iu hnh DOS s ch c bit. : Thuc tnh n, khi dng lnh DIR s khng thy. : Thuc tnh lu tr, thng dng vi cc lnh nh BACKUP, XCOPY to ra cc file

ATTRIB [-R|+R] [-S|+S] [-H|+H] [-A|+A] [drive:][path]<file name> Vi du | l hoc, hoc chn t (+) thuc tnh hoc xa (-) thuc tnh ca tp tin. * Lit k cy th mc TREE C php: Ghi ch: /F : /A: Th hin tn cc tp tin trong tng th mc Dng ASCII thay cho cc k t m rng TREE [dirve :] [path] [/F] [/A]

* Xa cy th mc DELTREE Lnh ny xa th mc c ch nh v tt c cac th mc con, tp tin ca n. C php: Ghi ch: directory name l tn th mc i din cho mt cy (nhnh) th mc cn xa. Nu c ty chn /y c ngha l ngi s dng xc nhn vic xa cy th mc ny l chc chn. * Phc hi file b xa (UNDELETE) Ta c th khi phc li cc file l b xa do dng lnh DEL, min l vng cha file ny trong a cha b cc file khc chp chng ln v nht thit ta phi nh k t u tin ca tn file. C php: UNDELETE [drive:][path]<file name> DELTREE [/y] [dirve :] [path] <directory name>

* Di chuyn file MOVE di file t ni ny sang ni khc (thay v dng COPY v DEL) C php 1: Di chuyn tp tin

MOVE [drive:][path]<file name> <destination> Vi destination l ni di chuyn cc files n. C php 2: i tn th mc

MOVE [drive:][path]<old-directory> <new-directory>

* In vn bn ra my in (PRINT) C th in trc tip cc file vn bn cha m ASCII ra my in. C php: PRINT </D: device>[drive:][path]<filename>

Nu mun in trc tip cc thng tin hin th trn mn hnh ta c th dng t hp phm Shift + PrintScreen sau khi bt my in ln. Ty chn Device dng khai bo cng my in COM1, COM2, hoc LPT1, LPT2,