Automation Test vi QuickTest Professional

Ngy nay t ng ha c ng dng rt nhiu lnh vc, mc ch thng rt a dng v ty theo nhu cu c th ca tng lnh vc, tuy nhin im chung nht vn l gim nhn lc, thi gian v sai st. Ngnh CNTT m c th l pht trin phn mm (PTPM) cng khng ngoi l. Nh chng ta bit, to ra sn phm CNTT hay PM c cht lng th hot ng kim tra phn mm (Testing) ng vai tr rt quan trng, trong khi hot ng ny li tiu tn v chim t trng kh ln cng sc v thi gian trong mt d n. Do vy, nhu cu t ng ho qui trnh Testing cng c t ra. Qua thc t cho thy vic p dng automation test hp l s mang li thnh cng cho hot ng test. Automation test gip gim bt cng sc thc hin, tng tin cy, gim s nhm chn v rn luyn k nng lp trnh cho testers. Bi vit ny s gii thiu cc khi nim c bn ca automation test, ng thi gii thiu mt cng c automation test kh mnh hin nay l QuickTest Professional (QTP) ca Mercury. TI SAO PHI DNG TEST TOOL Test Tool (TT) trong lnh vc PTPM l cng c gip thc hin vic kim tra PM mt cch t ng. Tuy nhin khng phi mi vic kim tra u c th t ng ha, cu hi t ra l trong iu kin hoc tnh hung no dng TT l thch hp? Vic dng TT thng c xem xt trong mt s tnh hung sau: 1. Khng ti nguyn Khi s lng test case qu nhiu m cc tester khng th hon tt bng tay trong thi gian c th no . C th ly mt dn chng l khi thc hin kim tra chc nng ca mt website. Website ny s c kim tra vi 6 mi trng gm 3 trnh duyt v 2 h iu hnh Tnh hung ny i hi s ln kim tra tng ln v lp li 6 ln so vi vic kim tra cho mt mi trng c th. 2. Kim tra hi qui Trong qu trnh PTPM, nhm lp trnh thng a ra nhiu phin bn PM lin tip kim tra. Thc t cho thy vic a ra cc phin bn PM c th l hng ngy, mi phin bn bao gm nhng tnh nng mi, hoc tnh nng c c sa li hay nng cp. Vic b sung hoc sa li code cho nhng tnh nng phin bn mi c th lm cho nhng tnh nng khc kim tra tt chy sai mc d phn code ca n khng h chnh sa. khc phc iu ny, i vi tng phin bn, tester khng ch kim tra chc nng mi hoc c sa, m phi kim tra li tt c nhng tnh nng kim tra tt trc . iu ny kh kh thi v mt thi gian nu kim tra th cng. Trnh duyt: IE, FireFox, Chrome WinXP, IE WinXP, Firefox WinXP, Opera H iu hnh: WinXP, Windows 7 Windows 7, IE Windows 7, Firefox Windows 7, Opera 3. Kim tra kh nng vn hnh PM trong mi trng t bit y l kim tra nhm nh gi xem vn hnh ca PM c tha mn yu cu t ra hay khng. Thng qua tester c th xc nh c cc yu t v phn cng, phn mm nh hng n kh nng vn hnh ca PM. C th lit k mt s tnh hung kim tra tiu biu thuc loi ny nh sau: o tc trung bnh x l mt yu cu ca web server. Thit lp 1000 yu cu, ng thi gi n web server, kim tra tnh hung 1000 ngi dng truy xut web cng lc.

 Xc nh s yu cu ti a c x l bi web server hoc xc nh cu hnh my thp nht m tc x l ca PM vn c th hot ng mc cho php. Vic kim tra th cng cho nhng tnh hung trn l cc kh, thm ch v phng. Cn lu l hot ng automation test nhm mc ch kim tra, pht hin nhng li ca PM trong nhng trng hp on trc. iu ny cng c ngha l n thng c thc hin sau khi thit k xong test case. Tuy nhin, nh ni, khng phi mi trng hp kim tra u c th hoc cn thit phi t ng ha, trong tt c test case th tester phi nh gi v chn ra nhng test case no ph hp hoc cn thit p dng automation test da trn nhng tiu ch cp bn trn. KHI QUT V AUTOMATION TEST Vic pht trin automation test cng tun theo cc bc PTPM, chng ta phi xem vic pht trin automation test ging nh pht trin mt d n.Hnh 1 cho chng ta thy mi tng quan gia automation test v ton b chu trnh KTPM.

Hnh 1 Ging nh PTPM, thnh cng trong automation test chng ta nn thc hin cc bc c bn sau: Thu thp cc c t yu cu hoc test case; la chn nhng phn cn thc hin automation test. Phn tch v thit k m hnh pht trin automation test. Pht trin lnh c t (script) cho automation test. Kim tra v theo di li trong script ca automation test. Bng sau m t r hn cc bc thc hin automation test: STT Bc thc hin M t Giai on ny chng ta s dng test tool ghi li cc thao tc ln PM cn kim tra v t ng sinh ra test To test script script. 1 Chnh sa test script thc hin kim tra theo ng yu cu t ra, c th l lm theo test case cn thc Chnh sa test script hin. 2 Chy test script automation test Gim st hot ng kim tra PM ca test script. 3 Kim tra kt qu thng bo sau khi thc hin automation test. Sau b sung, chnh sa nhng sai nh gi kt qu st. 4 Automation test c mt s thun li v kh khn c bn khi p dng: Kh khn Mt chi ph to cc script thc hin KTPM khng cn can thip ca tester. tester. Gim chi ph khi thc hin kim tra s Tn chi ph dnh cho bo tr cc script. lng ln test case hoc test case lp li i hi tester phi c k nng to nhiu ln. script automation test. Gi lp tnh hung kh c th thc Khng p dng c trong vic tm li hin bng tay. mi ca PM. Thun li

GII THIU CNG C AUTOMATION TEST: QUICKTEST PROFESSIONAL Trong lnh vc automation test hin c kh nhiu TT thng mi ni ting, ph bin nh QuickTest Professional, TestComplete,RanoRex,LoadRunner hoc CodedUITesting (Visual Studio 2010 Ultimate version), Trong s , QuickTest Professional (QTP) ca hng Mercury kh tt v mnh, bao gm nhiu chc nng in hnh ca mt cng c kim tra t ng. QTP l TT dng kim tra chc nng (functional test) v cho php thc hin kim tra hi qui (regression test) mt cch t ng. y cng l cng c p dng phng php Keyword-Driven, mt k thut scripting (lp trnh trong automation test) hin i, cho php tester b sung test case bng cch to file m t cho n m khng cn phi chnh sa hay b sung bt c script no c. N cng ph hp trong tnh hung chuyn giao cng vic m ngi mi tip nhn cha c thi gian hoc khng hiu script vn c th thc hin kim tra PM theo ng yu cu. 1. Loi phn mm h tr QTP gip chng ta KTPM theo hng chc nng trn rt nhiu loi chng trnh phn mm khc nhau. Tuy nhin Mercury ch h tr sn mt s loi chng trnh thng dng nh: ng dng Windows chun/Win32. ng dng web theo chun HTML, XML chy trong trnh duyt Internet Explorer, Netscape hoc AOL. Visual Basic. ActiveX. QTP h tr Unicode (UTF-8, UTF-16). Mt s loi chng trnh khc i hi chng ta phi ci t thm thnh phn b sung ca QTP th mi thc hin kim tra c. Cc loi chng trnh l: NET Framework 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 beta Cc i tng chun ca .NET v cc i tng khc tha k t cc i tng .NET chun. Sun JDK 1.1 1.4.2 IBM JDK 1.2 1.4 Java Oracle Applications 11.5.7, 11.5.8, 11.5.9 Oracle PeopleSoft Enterprise 8.0 8.8 People Soft SAP GUI HMTL 4.6D, 6.10, 6.20 SAP Workplace 2.11 SAP Enterprise Portal 5.0 SAP Siebel 7.0, 7.5, 7.7 Siebel Attachmate EXTRA! 6.7, 7.1 Attachmate EXTRA! Terminal Viewer 3.1 Java sessions IBM Personal Communications Terminal Emulators

2. c im D s dng, bo tr, to test script nhanh. Cung cp d liu kim tra r rng v d hiu. Kim tra phin bn mi ca ng dng vi rt t s thay i. V d khi ng dng thay i nt tn Login thnh ng nhp, th ch cn cp nht li Object Repository (OR c gii thch phn sau) QTP nhn ra s thay i m khng cn thay i bt c test script no. H tr lm vic theo nhm thng qua s chia s th vin, thng nht qun l Object Repository. Thc t cho thy, QTP thc hin automation test trn nhiu trnh duyt cng lc tt hn nhng TT khc. Vi chc nng Recovery Scenarios, QTP cho php x l nhng s kin hoc li khng th on trc c th lm script b dng trong khi ang chy.

 QTP c kh nng hiu test script ca Mercury Winrunner (mt cng c kim tra khc ca Mercury). c bit phin bn v.8.2 c mt s tnh nng mi ni bt:

Qun tr Object Repository Th vin hm mi Kim tra ti nguyn Nng cp kh nng ko th H tr XML cho bo co Trnh pht trin mi (IDE) Trnh d li mi Qun tr t kha H tr a giao tip H tr Unicode H tr cc mi trng mi

Phi hp gia cc testers qua vic ng b ha d liu, kh nng trn, nhp/xut ra file XML Chia s cc th vin hm gia cc nhm testers Kim tra ti nguyn cn thit trc khi thc thi lnh kim tra t ng. Ko th cc bc kim tra trong mi trng ngn ng t nhin. Lu tr kt qu kim tra di dng XML, HTML, t cho php ty bin bo co. Mi trng son tho mi, mm do cho ty bin v s dng. Cho php testers kim sot li khi vit test case. Qun l t kha trong qu trnh s dng Cho php ngi dng m v son tho ng thi nhiu hm th vin v Object Repository. H tr Unicode vi cc ng dng a ngn ng (multi-language).

Khu vc Menu bar File toolbar Debug toolbar Testing toolbar Action toolbar Test pane Data Table Active Screen

Chc nng Cu hnh thao tc vi QTP v script H tr qun l script H tr kim tra li trong test script (debug) H tr qu trnh to test script hoc thc hin KTT Xem mt Action (th tc, hm) hoc ton b chu trnh ca test script Son tho script mt trong 2 ch Keyword View hoc Expert View Ni lu tr d liu cho test script Xem li giao din PM c kim tra

3. Cc thnh phn quan trng trong QTP a. Action: Ging nh th tc hay hm trong cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, Action ghi li cc bc thc hin automation test v n c th c s dng li nhiu ln. Trong mt test script c th c nhiu Action. b. DataTable: Ni lu d liu phc v cho automation. Mt test script s c mt DataTable c dng chung cho tt c cc Action. Bn cnh mi Action cng c mt DataTable cho ring mnh. c. Object Repository (OR): Cu trc theo dng cy, m t cc i tng trong PM c kim tra. y c xem l cu ni test script tng tc vi PM c kim tra. Khi ra lnh cho QTP ghi li thao tc ngi dng ln PM th trong OR s t ng pht sinh thnh phn i din cho nhng i tng trn PM va c thao tc. OR c th t chc thnh 2 loi, mt loi dng chung trong nhiu test script, loi khc dng theo tng Action. xem OR, chn menu Tools > Object Repository. d. Checkpoint: C th hiu l ni kim tra trong test script, khi chy n s thc hin so snh kt qu thc t khi kim tra PM vi kt qu mong i. Sau khi tin hnh so snh QTP s t ng ghi li kt qu vo Test Results (ni lu kt qu khi chy test script). 4. Ngn ng s dng vit script QTP s dng ngn ng VBScript vit test script. y l ngn ng d hc; rt ging ngn ng VBA. Ch Expert View ca QTP l ch son tho dnh cho VBScript. Ngoi vic dng VBScript tng tc vi PM c kim tra, QTP cn c kh nng cu hnh h thng bng ngn ng Windows Script. Chi tit v ngn ng VBScript, ngi c c th d dng tm trong cc sch hin c trn th trng, thm ch ngay chnh trong phn help ca QTP.

5. S Dng QTP a. Yu cu cu hnh h thng: b. Bn quyn s dng: CPU PIII tr ln H iu hnh Windows 2000 SP3, SP4; Windows XP SP1, SP2 hoc Windows 2003 Server RAM 256 MB tr ln Ti thiu 250MB cho ng dng, 120MB trn a h iu hnh. Sau khi ci Dung lng a QTP, dung lng cn thit thm trn a ci h iu hnh l 150 MB Trnh duyt IE 5.5 SP 2 tr ln Bn c th vo http://www.mercury.com ng k v ti v bn dng th trong 14 ngy. Cc bc ci t theo s hng dn ca chng trnh. Sau thi gian dng th, c th tip tc s dng QTP chng ta cn phi mua bn quyn, gi tham kho t nh cung cp nh sau: cho mt my 9.000 USD; cho nhiu my dng cng lc 12.000 USD. 6. Li kt Vi nhiu chc nng u vit nh cp bn trn, QTP l mt Test Tool mnh m c kh nng h tr c lc cho tester. Vic ng dng n hp l chc chn s gip gim cng sc ca tester ng thi lm tng cht lng PM. Trong iu kin Vit Nam hin nay, vi t trng gia cng phn mm ngy cng ln ti cc cng ty phn mm, ngi vit cho rng kim tra phn mm t ng vi nhng cng c nh QTP rt ng cc doanh nghip phn mm quan tm nghin cu, u t v ng dng.