Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.

org
CHNG 6: KIM LOI KIM- KIM LOI KIM TH- NHM
A. KIN THC K THA
- Vit cu hnh electron t xc nh v tr kim loi trong bng tun hon.
- Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim loi.
- Bi ton v C%, CM, m, %m, %n, M, V.
B. KIN THC C BN TRNG TM:
I. KIM LOI KIM
1. V tr trong bng tun hon, cu hnh e ngt:
- Kloi kim thuc nhm IA gm Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs. ng u mi chu k (tr chu k 1).
- Cu hnh e ngoi cng tng qut: ns1 C 1e lp ngoi cng, s oxiha +1 trong hp cht.
2. Tnh cht vt l: Mu trng bc, mm, mm nht l Cs. Kiu mng tinh th lp phng tm khi.
3. Tnh cht ha hc: Kim loi kim c kh mnh (d b oxiha)( nhng 1e ). M M++ e
- Tc dng vi phi kim: Kim loi kim kh phi kim thnh ion m
2M + Cl2 2MCl
VD: 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
VD: t chy hon ton 4,6g Na trong bnh ng kh clo thu c a(g) mui. a c gi tr l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
VD: t chy hon ton m(g) Na cn dng 3,36 (l) kh clo ( ktc). m c gi tr l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
c bit Na + O2 (kh) Na2O2 (natri peoxit)
- Tc dng vi axt: Vi axt HCl, H2SO4 long
2 M + 2HCl 2MCl + H2
VD: Ha tan hon ton 7,8g mt kim loi kim A trong dd HCl c d thu c 2,24 lt kh hiro ( ktc). A l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Tc dng vi nc: (tan trong nc). 2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2
VD: Ha tan hon ton 4,6g Na trong bnh ng nc c d thu c V lt kh hiro( ktc). Vc gi tr l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
VD: Ha tan hon ton 11,5g mt kim loi kim A trong nc c d thu c 5,6 lt kh hiro( ktc). A l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Tc dng vi dung dch mui:VD: Na +d2 CuSO4 hin tng si bt kh v kt ta mu xanh.
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 si bt
2NaOH + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2xanh
4. ng dng ca kim loi kim
- Hp kim Na, K dng lm cht trao i nhit trong l p ht nhn
- Cs dng ch to t bo quang in
- Kim loi kim ch to cht chng n cho xng.
5. iu ch kim loi kim
* Nguyn tc : Kh ion kim loi kim trong hp cht. M+ + 1e M
* Phng php : pnc mui halogenua hoc hiroxit
MCl

pnc

2M

+ Cl2;

4MOH

pnc

4M + O2 + 2H2O

Kim loi kim thu c cc m( catot); Cl2, O2 thu c cc dng(anot).

II. Natrihidroxit: NaOH
1. Tnh cht:
- NaOH l cht rn khng mu, d ht m, d nng chy, tan nhiu trong nc.
-

NaOH l mt baz mnh, phn li hon ton thnh ion khi tan trong nc. NaOH
Tc dng vi dung dch axit, oxit axit, mui.

2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Na+ + OH-

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

VD1: - NaOH + HCl

VD2: - CO2

+ NaOH

Nu

nNaOH
1 ta c mui NaHCO3.
nCO 2

pthh. NaOH + CO2 NaHCO3 (1)

Nu

nNaOH
2 Ta c mui Na2CO3.
nCO2

pthh. 2NaOH + CO2 Na2CO3 +H2O (2)

Nu 1

nNaOH
2 Ta c 2 mui NaHCO3 v Na2CO3. pthh. (1) v (2)
nCO2

p dng: - Cho 0,2mol NaOH tc dng vi 0,1mol CO2 ta thu c mui no ?

..............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Cho 0,2mol NaOH tc dng vi 0,15mol CO2 ta thu c mui no ?
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Cho 0,2mol NaOH tc dng vi 0,3mol CO2 ta thu c mui no ?
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
VD3: 2NaOH + CuSO4 Cu(OH)2 +Na2SO4
2OH- + Cu2+ Cu(OH)2
2. ng dng v iu ch:
a)
ng dng: c nhiu ng dng quan trng trong cng nghip: sx nhm , x phng......
b)
iu ch: in phn dung dch NaCl c mng ngn
s :
d2 NaCl
(NaCl, H2O)
Catot(+)
anot(-)
+
Na , H2O
Cl-, H2O
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
Ptp: 2NaCl + 2H2O

dpnc

mn

H2 + 2NaOH

+ Cl2

III.Natrihidro cacbonat v natricacbonat:

1. Mui natrihidrocacbonat: NaHCO3
- l cht rn mu trng t tan trong nc, b phn hu nhit cao.
t0

2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

- L mui ca axit yu, khng bn, tc dng vi axit mnh.
VD: NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O (1)
- L mui axit nn p c vi dung dch baz
VD: NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O (2)
=> Phn ng (1) v (2) chng minh NaHCO3 lng tnh.
2. Natricacbonat: Na2CO3 (X a)
- L cht rn mu trng d tan trong nc, khng phn hu nhit cao.
- L mui ca axit yu nn p vi axit mnh: Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 +H2O
- dd Na2CO3 c mi trng kim ( pH>7 ).
IV. KIM LOI KIM TH:
1. V tr v cu to:
- Thuc nhm IIA gm: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba.
- l nguyn t s c cu hnh e ngoi cng tng qut l ns2. Xu hng nhng 2e to ion M2+.
Vd. Mg
Mg 2+ + 2e
2. Tnh cht vt l:
- Tonc v tos tng i thp
- Kim loi thuc nhm IIA c cng cao hn KLK nhng mm hn nhm v nhng kim loi nh.
- Kiu mng tinh th: khng ging nhau.
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

3. Tnh cht ho hc: KLK th c tnh kh mnh, nhng yu hn KLK. Tnh kh tng dn t Be Ba.
- Tc dng vi phi kim:
VD: 2Mg + O2 2MgO.

TQ: 2M + O2 2MO

VD: Ca + Cl2 CaCl2.

TQ: M + Cl2 MCl2

- Tc dng vi axit:
VD: Ca + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2.

TQ: M + 2HCl MCl2 + H2

p dng:
1) Ha tan hon ton 6g Ca trong bnh ng dung dch HCl c d thu c V lt kh hiro( ktc). Vc gi tr l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
2) Ha tan hon ton 1,2g mt kim loi kim th A trong bnh ng dung dch HCl c d thu c 1,12 lt kh hiro
( ktc). A l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
- Tc dng vi nc:
+ Be khng p ( Be khng tan trong nc)
+ Mg: p chm nhit thng. Mg + H2O MgO + H2 ( Mg khng tan trong nc)
+ Ca, Sr, Ba p nhit thng. (Ca, Sr, Ba tan trong nc)
VD: Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
4. ng dng v iu ch:
- Kim loi Be to ra nhng hp kim bn, c tnh n hi cao. Mg to ra hp kim nh ,bn.
- pnc mui halogenua.
pnc

pnc

Mg + Cl2
M + X2
Vd: MgCl2
TQ: MX2
Kim loi kim th thu c cc m( catot); halogen thu c cc dng(anot).
V. HP CHT CA KIM LOI KIM TH:
1. Canxi oxit: CaO( cn gi l vi sng)
- L cht rn mu trng, tan trong nc.
-

L oxit baz: H2O + CaO Ca(OH)2 .

CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O

CO2 + CaO CaCO3

0

900 C
- iu ch t vi (CaCO3 ). CaCO3

2. Canxi hidroxit: ( cn gi l vi ti):

- L cht rn mu trng, t tan trong nc

CaO + CO2

- Dung dch Ca(OH)2 (nc vi trong) l mt baz mnh. Ca(OH)2

Ca2+ + 2OH- Dung dch Ca(OH)2 c nhng tnh cht ca mt dung dch kim.
VD: Ca(OH)2 + HNO3
Ca(OH)2 + CuSO4
3. Canxicacbonat: ( cn gi l vi):
- L cht rn mu trng khng tan trong nc.
- L mui ca axit yu nn p vi nhng axit mnh hn.
VD: CaCO3 + HCl
CaCO3 + CH3COOH
Phn ng vi CO2 v H2O: CaCO3 + CO2 H2O

Ca(HCO3)2

Phn ng (1) gii thch s xm thc vi v to thch nh trong cc hang ng.

Phn ng (2) gii thch s to cn trong m un nc.
4. Canxi sunfat: CaSO4
- l cht rn, mu trng , t tan trong nc.
- tu theo lng nc kt tinh m ta c 3 loi:
. CaSO4.2H2O: thch cao sng CaSO4. H2O( hoc CaSO4.0,5H2O): thch cao nung CaSO4 : thch cao khan.
5. Nc cng:
Khi nim: + Nc c cha nhiu ion Ca2+, Mg2+ gi l nc cng.
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

VD: Nc sng, sui, ao, h, ging,
+ Nc c cha t hoc khng cha cc ion trn gi l nc mm.
VD; Nc ma, nc ct.
- Phn loi nc cng:
+ Nc cng tm thi: l nc cng c cha anion HCO3-.
Vd: Nc c cha mui Ca(HCO3)2 , Mg(HCO3)2 .
+ Nc cng vnh cu: l nc cng c cha cc ion Cl-, SO42- hoc c 2.
Vd: Nc c cha mui CaCl2, CaSO4,...
+ Nc cng ton phn: L nc cng cha c tnh cng tm thi v vnh cu
- Cch lm mm nc cng:
* Nguyn tc: lm gim nng ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong nc cng bng cch chuyn 2 ion t do ny vo hp cht
khng tan hoc thay th chng bng nhng cation khc.
c 2 phng php:
+ Phng php kt ta:
- i vi nc cng tm thi:
t0

+ un si trc
to khi dng: M(HCO3)2 MCO3 + CO2 + H2O lc b kt ta c nc mm.
+ Dng nc vi trong va : M(HCO3)2 + Ca(OH)2 MCO3 + CaCO3 + 2H2O
a) i vi nc cng vnh cu v ton phn: dng cc dung dch Na2CO3, Na3PO4 lm mm nc.
M2+ + CO32- MCO3 .
M2+ + 2PO43- M3(PO4)2
+ Phng php trao i ion: cho nc cng i qua cht trao i ion( ionit), cht ny hp th Ca2+, Mg2+, gii
phng Na+, H+ nc mm .
VI. NHM
1. V tr v cu to: Nhm th 13, chu k 3, nhm IIIA
-

Cu hnh electron.

13

Al : 1s22s22p63s23p1

L nguyn t p, c 3 e ho tr. Xu hng nhng 3 e to ion Al3+ :

Al
Al3+ + 3e
Trong hp cht nhm c s oxi ho +3. vd: Al2O3, AlCl3
2.
Tnh cht vt l ca nhm: Mu trng bc, mm, nh
3.
Tnh cht ho hc: Al l kim loi c tnh kh mnh. (yu hn KLK, KLK th)
a) Tc dng vi phi kim: tc dng trc tip v mnh lit vi nhiu phi kim.
Vd: 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3
;
2 Al + 3Cl2 2AlCl3
b) Tc dng vi axit:
- Vi cc dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4long:
2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
2Al + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
+
3+
Pt ion: 2Al + 6H 2Al + 3H2
- Vi dung dch HNO3, H2SO4 c:
+ Al khng p vi HNO3 c ngui, H2SO4 c ngui.
5

+ Vi cc axit HNO3 c nng, HNO3 long, H2SO4 c nng: Al kh c N v S xung nhng

t0

mc oxi ho thp hn. Al + 6HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O

c) Tc dngovi H2O: 2Al + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3 H2 ( Nhm khng tan trong nc) V
t nhanh do c lp Al(OH) khng tan trong H O bo v lp nhm bn trong.
phn ng dng li
3
2
d) Tc dng vi oxit kim loi: (phn ng nhit nhm)
nhit cao, Al kh c nhiu ion kim loi km hot dng hn trong oxit ( FeO, CuO, ...) thnh kim loi t do.
t0

VD: Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe

e) Tc dng vi baz: nhm tc dng vi dung dch baz mnh: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2....
VD: 2Al +2NaOH +6H2O2Na[Al(OH)4] +3H2 ( Nhm tan trong dung dch kim)
natri aluminat
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Ch : Al + HCl hoc H2SO4 long hoc ddNaOH.

Al

3
H2.
2

VD1: Ha tan 5,4g Al trong ddHCl d thu c V( lit) Hiro ktc. V c gi tr l:

..............................................................................................................................................................................................
VD2: Ha tan m(g) Al trong ddHCl d thu c 3,36( lit) Hiro ktc. m c gi tr l:
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
pnc

Sn xut : ptp: Al2O3

2Al + 3/2 O2.
VII. Hp cht ca nhm:
1. Nhm oxit: Al2O3
L cht rn mu trng, khng tan trong nc.
Trong v qu t, Al2O3 tn ti cc dng sau:
+ Tinh th Al2O3 khan l qu rt cng: corindon trong sut, khng mu.
+ rubi (hng ngc): mu
+ saphia: mu xanh.(C ln TiO2 v Fe3O4)
+ Emeri ( dng khan) cng cao lm mi
* Tnh cht ho hc:
- Al2O3 l hp cht rt bn: Al2O3 l hp cht ion, dng tinh th n rt bn v mt ho hc.
- Al2O3 l cht lng tnh:
+ Tc dng vi axit mnh: HCl, HNO3,
VD: Al2O3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
+ Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh: NaOH, KOH
VD: Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
2. Nhm hidroxit: Al(OH)3.
t0

a) Km bn vi
to nhit: 2Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + 3 H2O
b) L hp cht lng tnh
- Tc dng vi axit mnh: HCl, HNO3,
VD: 3 HCl + Al(OH)3 AlCl3 + 3H2O
Tc dng vi cc dung dch baz mnh :
VD: Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + 2H2O
3. Nhm sunfat: Al2(SO4)3.
- Quan trng l phn chua: Cng thc ho hc: K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O hay KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
- Phn chua c dng trong cng nghip thuc da, CN giy, cht cm mu, lm trong nc ...
- dd Al2(SO4)3 c pH< 7, mi trng axit.
C. CU HI VN DNG
KIM LOI KIM V HP CHT
Cu 1 S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IA l ?
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Cu 2 Cng thc chung ca oxit kim loi thuc nhm IA l ?
A. R2O3.
B. RO2.
C. R2O.
D. RO.
Cu 3 Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z =11) l ?
A. 1s22s2 2p6 3s2.
B. 1s22s2 2p6.
C. 1s22s2 2p6 3s1.
D. 1s22s2 2p6 3s23p1.
Cu 4 Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH to kt ta l ?
A. KNO3.
B. FeCl3.
C. BaCl2.
D. K2SO4.
Cu 5 Dung dch lm qu tm chuyn sang mu xanh l ?
A. NaCl.
B. Na2SO4.
C. NaOH.
D. NaNO3.
Cu 6 Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch ?
A. KCl.
B. KOH.
C. NaNO3.
D. CaCl2.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 7 Khi nhit phn hon ton NaHCO3 th sn phm ca phn ng nhit phn l ?
A. NaOH, CO2, H2.
B. Na2O, CO2, H2O.
C. Na2CO3, CO2, H2O.
D. NaOH, CO2, H2O.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 8 bo qun natri, ngi ta phi ngm natri trong ?
A. nc.
B. ru etylic.
C. du ha.
D. phenol lng.
Cu 9 Mt mui khi tan vo nc to thnh dung dch c mi trng kim, mui l ?
A. Na2CO3.
B. MgCl2.
C. KHSO4.
D. NaCl.
Cu 10 C th dng NaOH ( th rn) lm kh cc cht kh ?
A. NH3, O2, N2, CH4, H2
B. N2, Cl2, O2, CO2, H2
C. NH3, SO2, CO, Cl2
D. N2, NO2, CO2, CH4, H2
Cu 11 Trong cng nghip, natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php ?
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc.
B. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc
C. in phn dung dch NaNO3 , khng c mn ngn in cc
D. in phn NaCl nng chy
Cu 12 Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l ?
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 13 Phn ng nhit phn khng ng l ?
t0

A. 2KNO3 2KNO2 + O2.

t0

t0

B. NaHCO3 NaOH + CO2.

t0

C. NH4Cl NH3 + HCl.

D. NH4NO2 N2 + 2H2O.
Cu 14 Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na+ khng b kh thnh Na ?
A. in phn NaCl nng chy.
B. in phn dung dch NaCl trong nc
C. in phn NaOH nng chy.
D. in phn Na2O nng chy
Cu 15 Qu trnh no sau y, ion Na+ b kh thnh Na ?
A. Dung dch NaOH tc dng vi dung dch HCl.
B. in phn NaCl nng chy.
C. Dung dch Na2CO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl.
D. Dung dch NaCl tc dng dung dch AgNO3.
Cu 16 Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch NaCl, cc m xy ra ?
A. s kh ion Na+.
B. S oxi ho ion Na+.
C. S kh phn t nc.
D. S oxi ho phn t nc
Cu 17 Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch KBr, phn ng no sau y xy ra cc dng ?
A. Ion Br b oxi ho. B. ion Br b kh.
C. Ion K+ b oxi ho.
D. Ion K+ b kh.
Cu 18 Nhng c im no sau y khng l chung cho cc kim loi kim ?
A. s oxiho ca nguyn t trong hp cht.
B. s lp electron.
C. s electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t.
D. cu to n cht kim loi.
Cu 19 in phn NaCl nng chy vi in cc tr, catt thu c ?
A. Na.
B. NaOH.
C. Cl2.
D. HCl.
Cu 20 Trng hp khng xy ra phn ng vi NaHCO3 khi ?
A. tc dng vi kim.
B. tc dng vi CO2.
C. un nng.
D. tc dng vi axit.
Na2CO3 + H2O. X l hp cht no sau y ?
Cu 21 Cho s phn ng: NaHCO3 + X
A. KOH
B. NaOH
C. K2CO3
D. HCl
Cu 22 Cho 0,02 mol Na2CO3 tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl th th tch kh CO2 thot ra (ktc) l ?
A. 0,672 lt.
B. 0,224 lt.
C. 0,336 lt.
D. 0,448 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 23 Trung ho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M bng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l ?
A. 400.
B. 200.
C. 100.
D. 300.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 24 Hp th hon ton 2,24 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha 8 gam NaOH, thu c dung dch X. Khi
lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l ? ( Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = 23 )
A. 10,6 gam.
B. 5,3 gam.
C. 21,2 gam.
D. 15,9 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 25 in phn mui clorua kim loi kim nng chy thu c 1,792 lt kh (ktc) anot v 6,24 gam kim loi
catot. Cng thc ho hc ca mui em in phn l ?
A. LiCl.
B. NaCl.
C. KCl.
,D. RbCl.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 26 Cho 0,69 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc (d) thu c 0,336 lt kh hiro (ktc). Kim loi kim
l ? ( Cho Li = 7, Na = 23, K = 39, Rb = 85 )
A. Rb.
B. Li.
C. Na.
D. K.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 27 tc dng ht vi dung dch cha 0,01 mol KCl v 0,02 mol NaCl th th tch dung dch AgNO3 1M cn
dng l ?
A. 40 ml.
B. 20 ml.
C. 10 ml.
D. 30 ml.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 28 Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh SO2 ( ktc) vo dung dch cha 16 gam NaOH thu c dung dch X. Khi
lng mui tan thu c trong dung dch X l ? ( Cho H = 1, O = 16, Na = 23, S = 32 )
A. 20,8 gam.
B. 23,0 gam.
C. 25,2 gam.
D. 18,9 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 29 Cho 6,08 gam hn hp NaOH v KOH tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl to ra 8,30 gam hn hp mui clorua.
S gam mi hidroxit trong hn hp ln lt l ?
A. 2,4 gam v 3,68 gam.
B. 1,6 gam v 4,48 gam.
C. 3,2 gam v 2,88 gam.
D. 0,8 gam v 5,28 gam
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 30 Cho 100 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi axit HCl d. Kh thot ra hp th bng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 30%.
Lng mui Natri trong dung dch thu c l ?
A. 10,6 gam Na2CO3
B. 53 gam Na2CO3 v 42 gam NaHCO3
C. 16,8 gam NaHCO3
D. 79,5 gam Na2CO3 v 21 gam NaHCO3
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 31 Cho 6 lt hn hp CO2 v N2 (kc) i qua dung dch KOH to ra 2,07 gam K2CO3 v 6 gam KHCO3. Thnh
phn % th tch ca CO2 trong hn hp l ?
A. 42%.
B. 56%.
C. 28%.
D. 50%.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 32 Thm t t tng git dung dch cha 0,07 mol HCl vo dung dch cha 0,06 mol Na2CO3. Th tch kh CO2
(ktc) thu c bng ?
A. 0,784 lt.
B. 0,560 lt.
C. 0,224 lt.
D. 1,344 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 33 Cho hn hp cc kim loi kim Na, K ha tan ht vo nc c dung dch A v 0,672 lt kh H2 (ktc). Th
tch dung dch HCl 0,1M cn trung ha ht mt phn ba dung dch A l ?
A. 100 ml.
B. 200 ml.
C. 300 ml.
D. 600 ml.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 34 Thm t t n ht dung dch cha 0,02 mol K2CO3 vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol HCl. Lng kh CO2 thu
c (ktc) bng ?
A. 0,448 lt
B. 0,224 lt.
C. 0,336 lt.
D. 0,112 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 35 Dn kh CO2 iu ch c bng cch cho 10 gam CaCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d i vo dung dch c
cha 8 gam NaOH. Khi lng mui Natri iu ch c ? ( Cho Ca = 40, C=12, O =16 )
A. 5,3 gam.
B. 9,5 gam.
C. 10,6 gam.
D. 8,4 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 36 Cho 1,15 gam mt kim loi kim X tan ht vo nc. trung ho dung dch thu c cn 50 gam dung dch
HCl 3,65%. X l kim loi no sau y ?
A. K.
B. Na.
C. Cs.
D. Li.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 37 Nng phn trm ca dung dch thu c khi cho 3,9 gam Kali tc dng vi 108,2 gam H2O l ?
A. 5,00%
B. 6,00%
C. 4,99%.
D. 4,00%
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 38 Ho tan m gam Na kim loi vo nc thu c dung dch X. Trung ho dung dch X cn 100ml dung dch
H2SO4 1M. Gi tr m dng l ?
A. 6,9 gam.
B. 4,6 gam.
C. 9,2 gam.
D. 2,3 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 39 Cho 5,6 lit CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton vo 1 lit dung dch NaOH 0,6M, s mol cc cht trong dung dch sau
phn ng l ?
A. 0,25 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaHCO3.
B. 0,25 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaOH.
C. 0,5 mol Na2CO3; 0,1 mol NaOH.
D. 0,5 mol Na2CO3; 0,5 mol NaHCO3.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 40 Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8 gam cht rn v kh X. Lng
kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l ?
A. 5,8 gam.
B. 6,5 gam.
C. 4,2 gam.
D. 6,3 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
KIM LOI KIM TH V HP CHT
Cu 1 S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm IIA l ?
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 1.
Cu 2 Trong bng tun hon, Mg l kim loi thuc nhm ?
A. IIA.
B. IVA.
C. IIIA.
D. IA.
Cu 3 Khi un nng dung dch canxi hirocacbonat th c kt ta xut hin. Tng cc h s t lng trong phng
trnh ha hc ca phn ng l ?
A. 4.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 7.
Cu 4 Dy cc kim loi u phn ng vi nc nhit thng to ra dung dch c mi trng kim l ?
A. Be, Na, Ca.
B. Na, Ba, K.
C. Na, Fe, K.
D. Na, Cr, K.
Cu 5 phn bit hai dung dch KNO3 v Zn(NO3)2 ng trong hai l ring bit, c th dng dung dch ?
A. HCl.
B. NaOH.
C. NaCl.
D. MgCl2.
Cu 6 Kim loi khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng l ?
A. Fe.
B. Na.
C. Ba.
D. K.
Cu 7 Hai kim loi u thuc nhm IIA trong bng tun hon l ?
A. Sr, K.
B. Na, Ba.
C. Be, Al.
D. Ca, Ba.
Cu 8 Cht c th dng lm mm nc cng tm thi l ?
A. NaCl.
B. NaHSO4.
C. Ca(OH)2.
D. HCl.
Cu 9 Kim loi khng phn ng vi nc nhit thng l ?
A. Na.
B. Ba.
C. Be.
D. Ca.
Cu 10 Phng php thch hp iu ch kim loi Ca t CaCl2 l ?
A. nhit phn CaCl2.
B. dng Na kh Ca2+ trong dung dch CaCl2.
C. in phn dung dch CaCl2.
D. in phn CaCl2 nng chy.
Cu 11 Cht phn ng c vi dung dch H2SO4 to ra kt ta l ?
A. NaOH.
B. Na2CO3.
C. BaCl2.
D. NaCl.
Cu 12 Nc cng l nc c cha nhiu cc ion ?
A. Cu2+, Fe3+.
B. Al3+, Fe3+.
C. Na+, K+.
D. Ca2+, Mg2+.
Cu 13 Hai cht c dng lm mm nc cng vnh cu l ?
A. Na2CO3 v HCl.
B. Na2CO3 v Na3PO4.
C. Na2CO3 v Ca(OH)2.
D. NaCl v Ca(OH)2.
Cu 14 Nc cng khng gy ra tc hi no di y ?
A. Gy ng c nc ung.
B. Lm mt tnh ty ra ca x phng, lm h hi qun o.
C. Lm hng cc dung dch pha ch. Lm thc phm lu chn v gim mi v thc phm.
D. Gy hao tn nhin liu v khng an ton cho cc ni hi, lm tc cc ng ng dn nc.
Cu 15 Cho cc hiroxit: NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)3, Al(OH)3. Hiroxit c tnh baz mnh nht l ?
A. NaOH.
B. Mg(OH)2.
C. Fe(OH)3.
D. Al(OH)3.
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 16 Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l ?
A. Na2O v H2O.
B. dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch MgCl2.
C. dung dch AgNO3 v dung dch KCl.
D. dung dch NaOH v Al2O3.
Cu 17 Khi cho dung dch Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch Ca(HCO3)2 thy c ?
A. bt kh v kt ta trng.
B. bt kh bay ra.
C. kt ta trng xut hin.
D. kt ta trng sau kt ta tan dn.
Cu 18 Khi dn t t kh CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thy c ?
A. bt kh v kt ta trng.
B. bt kh bay ra.
C. kt ta trng xut hin.
D. kt ta trng, sau kt ta tan dn.
Cu 19 Cho dy cc kim loi: Fe, Na, K, Ca. S kim loi trong dy tc dng c vi nc nhit thng l ?
A. 4.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Cu 20 Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Ba(HCO3)2 tc dng vi dung dch ?
A. HNO3.
B. HCl.
C. Na2CO3.
D. KNO3.
Cu 21 Cho 10 gam mt kim loi kim th tc dng ht vi H2O thot ra 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Tn ca kim loi l ?
A. Ba.
B. Mg.
C. Ca.
D. Sr.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 22 Cho 10 lt hn hp kh (kc) gm CO2 v 68,64% CO v th tch i qua 100 gam dug dch Ca(OH)2 7,4% thy
tch ra m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m bng ?
A. 10 gam.
B. 8 gam.
C. 6 gam.
D. 12 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 23 Cho 10 ml dung dch mui Canxi tc dng vi dung dch Na2CO3 d tch ra mt kt ta, lc v em nung kt
tu n lng khng i cn li 0,28 g cht rn. Khi lng ion Ca2+ trong 1 lt dung dch u l ?
A. 10 gam
B. 20 gam.
C. 30 gam.
D. 40 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 24 Ho tan 8,2 gam hn hp bt CaCO3 v MgCO3 trong nc cn 2,016 lt kh CO2 (ktc). S gam mi mui
ban u l ?
A. 2,0 gam v 6,2 gam
B. 6,1 gam v 2,1 gam
C. 4,0 gam v 4,2 gam
D. 1,48 gam v 6,72 gam
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 29 Thi V lt (ktc) kh CO2 vo 300 ml dd Ca(OH)2 0,02M th thu c 0,2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca V l ?
A. 44,8 ml hoc 89,6 ml
B. 224 ml
C. 44,8 ml hoc 224 ml
D. 44,8 ml
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 25 Dn 17,6 gam CO2 vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,6M. Phn ng kt thc thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta ?
A. 20 gam.
B. 30 gam.
C. 40 gam.
D. 25 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 26 Dn V lit CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 25 gam kt ta v dung dch X, un nng dung dch li
thu thm c 5 gam kt ta na. Gi tr ca V l ?
A. 7,84 lit
B. 11,2 lit
C. 6,72 lit
D. 5,6 lit
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 27 Khi trn ln dung dch cha 0,15 mol NaHCO3 vi dung dch cha 0,10 mol Ba(OH)2, sau phn ng thu c
m gam kt ta trng. Gi tr m l ? ( Cho C = 12, O = 16, Na = , Ba = 137 )
A. 39,40 gam.
B. 19,70 gam.
C. 39,40 gam.
D. 29,55 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 28 Ho tan hon ton 8,4 gam mui cacbonat ca kim loi M (MCO3) bng dung dch H2SO4 long va , thu
c mt cht kh v dung dch G1. C cn G1, c 12,0 gam mui sunfat trung ho, khan. Cng thc ho hc ca
mui cacbonat l ? ( Cho C = 12, O = 16, Mg = 24, Ca = 40, Fe = 56, Ba = 137 )
A. CaCO3.
B. MgCO3.
C. BaCO3.
D. FeCO3.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................

2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 29 Ho tan ht 5,00 gam hn hp gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi
kim th bng dung dch HCl thu c 1,68 lt CO2(kc). C cn dung dch sau phn ng s thu c mt hn hp
mui khan nng ?
A. 7,800 gam.
B. 5,825 gam.
C. 11,100 gam.
D. 8,900 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 30 Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Th tch
dung dch axit H2SO4 2M cn dng trung ha dung dch X l ?
A. 150 ml
B. 60 ml
C. 75 ml
D. 30 ml
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 31 Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a mol/l, thu c 15,76
gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l ? ( Cho C = 12, O = 16, Ba = 137 )
A. 0,032.
B. 0,04.
C. 0,048.
D. 0,06.
..............................................................................................................................................................................................
NHM V HP CHT CA NHM
Cu 1: S electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t Al l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 1.
D. 2.
Cu 2: Al2O3 phn ng c vi c hai dung dch:
A. Na2SO4, KOH.
B. NaOH, HCl.
C. KCl, NaNO3.
D. NaCl, H2SO4.
Cu 3: M t no di y khng ph hp vi nhm?
A. th 13, chu k 2, nhm IIIA.
B. Cu hnh electron [Ne] 3s2 3p1.
C. Tinh th cu to lp phng tm din.
D. Mc oxi ha c trng +3.
Cu 4: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch
A. NaOH long.
B. H2SO4 c, ngui. C. H2SO4 c, nng.
D. H2SO4 long.
Cu 5: nhit thng, kim loi Al tc dng c vi dung dch
A. Mg(NO3)2.
B. Ca(NO3)2.
C. KNO3.
D. Cu(NO3)2.
Cu 6: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. Mg(OH)2.
B. Ca(OH)2.
C. KOH.
D. Al(OH)3.
Cu 7: phn bit dung dch AlCl3 v dung dch KCl ta dng dung dch
A. NaOH.
B. HCl.
C. NaNO3.
D. H2SO4.
Cu 8: Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut nhm l
A. qung pirit.
B. qung boxit.
C. qung manhetit.
D. qung lmit.
Cu 9: Ch dng dung dch KOH phn bit c cc cht ring bit trong nhm no sau y?
A. Zn, Al2O3, Al.
B. Mg, K, Na.
C. Mg, Al2O3, Al.
D. Fe, Al2O3, Mg.
Cu 10: Kim loi phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. Ag.
B. Cu.
C. Fe.
D. Al.
Cu 11: Cht c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. NaCl.
B. Al(OH).
C. AlCl.
D. NaOH.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 12: Cho phn ng: aAl + bHNO3
cAl(NO3)3 + dNO + eH2O.
H s a, b, c, d, e l cc s nguyn, ti gin. Tng (a + b) bng
A. 5.
B. 4.
C. 7.
D. 6.
Cu 13: Kim loi Al khng phn ng vi dung dch
A. H2SO4 c, ngui.
B. Cu(NO3)2.
C. HCl.
D. NaOH.
Cu 14: Cht phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. Al2O3.
B. MgO.
C. KOH.
D. CuO.
Cu 15: Cht khng c tnh cht lng tnh l
A. NaHCO3.
B. AlCl3.
C. Al(OH)3.
D. Al2O3.
Cu 16: Phn ng ha hc xy ra trong trng hp no di y khng thuc loi phn ng nhit nhm?
A. Al tc dng vi Fe2O3 nung nng
B. Al tc dng vi CuO nung nng.
C. Al tc dng vi Fe3O4 nung nng
D. Al tc dng vi axit H2SO4 c nng
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 17: Al2O3 phn ng c vi c hai dung dch:
A. KCl, NaNO3.
B. Na2SO4, KOH.
C. NaCl, H2SO4.
D. NaOH, HCl.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 18: Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy ra l
A. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. ch c kt ta keo trng.
D. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 19: Sc kh CO2 n d vo dung dch NaAlO2. Hin tng xy ra l
A. c kt ta nu .
B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta li tan.
C. c kt ta keo trng.
D. dung dch vn trong sut.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 20: Nhm hidroxit thu c t cch no sau y?
A. Cho d dung dch HCl vo dung dch natri aluminat.
B. Thi kh CO2 vo dung dch natri aluminat.
C. Cho d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3.
D. Cho Al2O3 tc dng vi nc
Cu 21: Cc dung dch MgCl2 v AlCl3 u khng mu. phn bit 2 dd ny c th dng dd ca cht no sau y?
A. NaOH.
B. HNO3.
C. HCl.
D. NaCl.
Cu 22: Cho 2,7 gam Al tc dng hon ton vi dung dch NaOH d. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, th tch kh H2 (
ktc) thot ra l (Cho Al = 27)
A. 3,36 lt.
B. 2,24 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 6,72 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 23: Cho bt nhm tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Khi lng bt nhm
phn ng l (Cho Al = 27)
A. 2,7 gam.
B. 10,4 gam.
C. 5,4 gam.
D. 16,2 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 24: Cho 5,4 gam bt nhm tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu
c V lt kh hiro ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l (Cho H = 1, Al = 27)
A. 0,336 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 0,448 lt.
D. 0,224 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 25: Ho tan m gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 rt long ch thu c hn hp kh gm 0,015 mol N2O v 0,01 mol
NO. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8,1 gam.
B. 1,53 gam.
C. 1,35 gam.
D. 13,5 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 26: kh hon ton m gam hn hp CuO v PbO cn 8,1 gam kim loi nhm, sau phn ng thu c 50,2 gam
hn hp 2 kim loi. Gi tr ca m l
A. 54,4 gam.
B. 53,4 gam.
C. 56,4 gam.
D. 57,4 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 27: Ha tan ht m gam hn hp Al v Fe trong lng d dung dch H2SO4 long thot ra 0,4 mol kh, cn
trong lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,3 mol kh. Gi tr m dng l
A. 11,00 gam.
B. 12,28 gam.
C. 13,70 gam.
D. 19,50 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 28: Cho m gam hn hp bt Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thot ra 6,72 lt kh (ktc). Nu cho m
gam hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thot ra 8,96 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng ca Al v Fe trong hn
hp u l
A. 10,8 g Al v 5,6 g Fe. B. 5,4 g Al v 5,6 g Fe.
C. 5,4 g Al v 8,4 g Fe. D. 5,4 g Al v 2,8 g Fe.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 29: 31,2 gam hn hp bt Al v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thot ra 13,44 lt kh (ktc). Khi lng
mi cht trong hn hp u l
A. 21,6 g Al v 9,6 g Al2O3 B. 5,4 g Al v 25,8 g Al2O3 C. 16,2 g Al v 15,0 g Al2O3 D. 10,8 g Al v 20,4 g Al2O3
..............................................................................................................................................................................
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 30: X l 9 gam hp kim nhm bng dung dch NaOH c, nng (d) thot ra 10,08 lt kh (ktc), cn cc thnh
phn khc ca hp kim khng phn ng. Thnh phn % ca Al trong hp kim l
A. 75%.
B. 80%.
C. 90%.
D. 60%.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 31: Ha tan hon ton hp kim Al - Mg trong dung dch HCl, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 (ktc). Nu cng cho mt
lng hp kim nh trn tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, thu c 6,72 lt kh H2 (ktc). Thnh phn phn trm theo
khi lng ca Al trong hp kim l
A. 69,2%.
B. 65,4%.
C. 80,2%.
D. 75,4%.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 32. Cho dung dch cha 2,8 gam NaOH tc dng vi dung dch cha 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3. Sau phn ng khi
lng kt ta thu c l
A. 3,12 gam.
B. 2,34 gam.
C. 1,56 gam.
D. 0,78 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 33: Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M, lng kt ta thu c l 15,6
gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l (cho H = 1, O = 16, Al = 27)
A. 1,2.
B. 1,8.
C. 2,4.
D. 2.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
MT S BI L THUYT VN DNG
Cu 1. bo qun cc kim loi kim cn phi lm g?
A. Ngm chng vo nc
B. Gi chng trong l c np y kn
C. Ngm chng trong ru nguyn cht
D. Ngm chng trong du ho
Cu 2. C dung dch NaCl trong nc. Qu trnh no sau y biu din s iu ch kim loi Na t dung dch trn?
A. in phn dung dch
B. Dng kim loi K y Na ra khi dung dch
C. Nung nng dung dch NaCl phan hu
D. C cn dd v in phn NaCl nng chy
Cu 3. Phn ng no sau y khng to ra hai mui?
A. CO2 + NaOH d
B. NO2 + NaOH d
C. Fe3O4 + HCl d
D. Ca(HCO3)2 + NaOH d
Cu 4. Mun iu ch Na, hin nay ngi ta c th dng phn ng no trong cc phn ng sau?
t 0 cao

pnc

A. CO + Na2O
2Na+CO2
B. 4NaOH
4Na + 2H2O + O2
pnc
C. 2NaCl
2Na+Cl2
D. B v C u ng
Cu 5 Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R c lp ngoi cng l lp 3, trn lp 3 c cha 2e. Cu hnh in t ca R, tnh
cht ca R l:
A. 1s22s22p63s2, R l kim loi.
B. 1s22s22p63s23p6, R l kh him.
2 2
4 2
2
C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p , R l phi kim
D. 1s22s22p63s2, R l phi kim.
Cu 6. M t no di y khng ph hp cc nguyn t nhm IIA?
A. Cu hnh electron ho tr l ns2
B. Tinh th c cu trc lc phng
C. Gm cc nguyn t Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
D. S oxi ho c trng trong hp cht l +2
Cu 7 :Cho t t tng lng nh Na kim loi vo dd Al2(SO4)3 n d, hin tng xy ra nh th no?
A. Na tan, c bt kh xut hin trong dung dch.
B. Na tan, c kim loi Al bm vo b mt Na kim loi.
C. Na tan, c bt kh thot ra v c kt ta dng keo mu trng,sau kt ta vn khng tan.
D. Na tan, c bt kh thot ra, lc u c kt ta dng keo mu trng,sau kt ta tan dn.
Cu 8. Phng trnh in phn no sau y sai?
pnc

A. 2ACln
2A + nCl2

B. 2NaCl + 2H2O H2 + Cl2 + 2NaOH (c vch ngn)

pnc

C. 4MOH
4M + 2H2O
D. 4AgNO3 + 2H2O 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3
Cu 9: Nc Javel c cha mui no sau y ?
A. NaCl
B. NaCl + NaClO
C. NaClO
D. NaCl + NaClO3
Cu 10: Phng php no thng dng iu ch Al(OH)3 ?
A. Cho bt nhm vo nc.
B. in phn dung dch mui nhm clorua.
C. Cho dung dch mui nhm tc dng vi dung dch ammoniac.
D. Cho dung dch HCl d vo dung dch NaAlO2.
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II