Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.

org

CHNG 7: ST V MT S KIM LOI KHC

A. KIN THC K THA
- Vit cu hnh electron t xc nh v tr kim loi trong bng tun hon.
- Tnh cht ha hc chung ca kim loi.
-Vit cc PTHH minh ha cho tnh kh ca cc kim loi
B. KIN THC C BN TRNG TM:
I. St (Fe):
1. V tr v cu to Fe.
- Fe c s hiu nguyn t 26, Chu k 4, Nhm VIIIB.
- Cu hnh e: [Ar] 3d64s2 hay 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2 Fe l nguyn t d, c th nhng 2 e hoc 3 e phn lp 4s v phn
lp 3d to ra ion Fe2+, Fe3+.
- Trong hp cht, st c s oxi ho l +2, +3. Vd: FeO, Fe2O3
2. Tnh cht vt l.
L kim loi mu trng hi xm, d rn. St c tnh nhim t nn c dng lm li ca ng c in.
3. Tnh cht ho hc.
- St l mt kim loi c tnh kh trung bnh. Fe c th b oxi ho thnh Fe+2 hoc Fe+3 tu thuc vo cht oxi ho tc
dng vi Fe.
a. Tc dng vi phi kim.
- Tc dng vi O2 : St chy sng trong khng kh: 3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4
- Fe tc dng vi phi kim khc:
2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3
Fe + S = FeS
b.Tc dng vi axit.
* Vi axit HCl, H2SO4 long: Fe0 chuyn ln Fe+2
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2
Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2
* Vi HNO3,H2SO4 c:
- HNO3 v H2SO4 c ngui lm cho Fe b th ng(khng tan).
- HNO3 long oxi ho Fe0 ln Fe+3.
- HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng u oxi ho Fe0 ln Fe+3.
VD: Fe + 4HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO+ 2H2O
2Fe + 6H2SO4 , nng = Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
c. Tc dng vi mui: VD: Fe + CuCl2 = FeCl2 + Cu
d .Tc dng vi nc.
Fe nhit thng khng tc dng vi nc nhng vn phn ng c vi nc nhit cao.
0

t 570 C
t 570 C
3Fe+ 4H2O
2Fe + 3H2O
Fe3O4 + 4H2
Fe2O3 +3H2
4.Trng thi t nhin phng php iu ch v ng dng.
a.Trng thi t nhin.
- L kim loi ph bin nht sau Al. Tn ti ch yu dng hp cht.
- Nhng thin thch t khong khng gian ca v tr ri v qu t ch yu l Fe dng t do.
- Nhng qung quan trng nht ca Fe l:
+ Manhetit. Fe3O4 (Oxit st t)
+ Hematit Fe2O3
+ Hematit nu Fe2O3.nH2O.
+ Xiderit FeCO3.
+ Khong vt pirit FeS2 .
b.iu ch.
0

t
t
- iu ch Fe tinh khit: 3H2 + Fe2O3
2Fe + 3H2O
2Al + Fe2O3
Al2O3 + 3Fe
St k thut c iu ch bng cch kh st oxit nhit cao.
II. Hp cht st (II): gm mui, hidroxit, oxit ca Fe2+ . Vd: FeO, Fe(OH)2, FeCl2
1. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (II):
- Hp cht st (II) tc dng vi cht oxi ho s b oxi ho thnh hp cht st (III). Trong p ho hc ion Fe2+ c kh
nng cho 1 electron: Fe2+ Fe3+ + 1e
Tnh cht ho hc chung ca hp cht st (II) l tnh kh.
V d 1: 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O 4 Fe (OH)3
kh
oxh
V d 2: 2 FeCl2 + Cl2 2 FeCl3
Oxit v hidroxit st(II) c tnh baz:

2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

V d 1: Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl FeCl2 + 2H2O
V d 2: FeO + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2O
2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (II):
a) Fe(OH)2 : Dng phn ng trao i ion gia dd mui st (II) vi dung dch baz.
V d: FeCl2 + 2 NaOH Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaCl
Fe2+ + 2 OH- Fe(OH)2
b) FeO :
- Phn hu Fe(OH)2 nhit cao trong mi trng khng c khng kh:
Fe(OH)2 FeO + H2O
- Hoc kh oxit st nhit cao: Fe2O3 + CO --> 2 FeO + CO2
c) Mui st (II): Cho Fe hoc FeO, Fe(OH)2 tc dng vi cc dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long.
III. Hp cht st (III):
1. Tnh cht ho hc ca hp cht st (III): Hp cht st (III) c tnh oxi ho: khi tc dng vi cht kh, hp cht st
(III) b kh thnh hp cht st (II) hoc kim loi st t do.
Trong p ho hc : Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+
Fe3+ + 3e Fe
tnh cht chung ca hp cht st (III) l tnh oxi ho.
0

t
Fe2O3 + 2Al
Al2O3 + 2 Fe
Oxiha
kh
V d 2: Ngm mt inh st sch trong dung dch mui st (III) clorua. 2 FeCl3 + Fe 3FeCl2
V d 3: cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3. Cu + 2FeCl3 CuCl2 + 2FeCl2
2. iu ch mt s hp cht st (III):
a. Fe(OH)3: Cht rn, mu nu .
- iu ch: p trao i ion gia dung dch mui st (III) vi dung dch kim.
V d :Fe(NO3)3 + 3NaOH Fe(OH)3 + 3NaNO3
Pt ion: Fe3+ + 3 OH- Fe(OH)3

V d 1: Nung hn hp gm Al v Fe2O3 nhit cao:

t
b. St (III) oxit: Fe2O3. Phn hu Fe(OH)3 nhit cao. 2 Fe(OH)3
Fe2O3 + 3H2O.
c. Mui st (III): iu ch bng p gia Fe2O3, Fe(OH)3 vi dung dch axit.
V d: Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O.
Fe2O3+ 6HCl 2FeCl3 + 3H2O.
IV. GANG:
1. Khi nim: Gang l hp kim ca st cacbon v mt s nguyn t khc, trong hm lng cacbon
bin ng trong gii hn 2% - 5%
2. Phn loi: C 2 loi gang: gang trng v gang xm.
Gang trng cha t C hn ch yu dng xementit, cng, gin, c dng luyn thp.
Gang xm cha C dng than ch, t cng v t gin hn, c dng c cc vt dng
3. Sn xut gang:
- Nguyn liu luyn gang l qung st, than cc v cht chy CaCO3
- Nguyn tc luyn gang l dng cht kh CO kh cc oxit st thnh st
- Cc phn ng kh st xy ra trong qu trnh luyn qung thnh gang( trong l cao):
+ Giai on to cht kh
+ Giai on kh oxit Fe thnh Fe
+ Giai on to x
V. THP:
1. Khi nim: Thp l hp kim ca st vi cacbon v mt lng rt t nguyn t Si, Mn . . . Hm lng cacbon trong
thp chim 0,01 2%.
2. Phn loi: C 2 loi thp: da trn hm lng ca cc nguyn t c trong tng loi thp
- Thp thng hay thp cacbon cha t cacbon, silic, mangan v rt t S,P.
- Thp c bit l thp c cha thm cc nguyn t khc nh Si, Mn, Ni, W, Vd
3. Sn xut thp:
- Nguyn tc sn xut thp l loi bt tp cht c trong gang
- Nguyn liu sn xut thp l:
Gang trng hoc gang xm, st thp ph liu.
Cht chy l CaO
Cht oxiho l oxi nguyn cht hoc khng kh giu oxi.
Nhin liu l du mazt, kh t hoc dng nng lng in.
- Cc phng php:
+ Phng php l thi oxi(PP Bet-x-me), thi gian luyn thp ngn, ch yu dng luyn thp thng.
+ Phng php Mac-tanh( l bng): thng dng luyn thp c cht lng cao.
+ Phng php l in: dng luyn thp c bit, thnh phn c nhng kim loi kh chy nh W

2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

VI. Crom v hp cht ca crom
1. Crom:
a) V tr ca crm trong BTH: Crm l kim loi chuyn tip, v tr: STT: 24, Chu k: 4, Nhm: VIB
b) Cu to ca crm: 24Cr 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
-Trong hp cht, crm c s oxi ho bin i t +1 n +6. s oxi ho ph bin l +2,+3,+6. ( crm c e ho tr nm
phn lp 3d v 4s).
c) Tnh cht vt l:
- Crm c mu trng bc, rt cng ( cng thua kim cng)
- Kh nng chy, l kimloi nng, d = 7,2 g/cm3.
d. Tnh cht ho hc:
Tc dng vi phi kim:
4Cr + 3 O2 2 Cr2O3
2Cr + 3Cl2 2 CrCl3
nhit thng trong khng kh, kim loi crm to ra mng mng crm (III) oxit c cu to mn, bn vng bo v.
nhit cao kh c nhiu phi kim.
Tc dng vi nc: khng tc dng vi nc do c mng oxit bo v.
Tc dng vi axit:
Vi dung dch axit HCl, H2SO4 long nng, mng axit b ph hu Cr kh c H+ trong dung dch axit.
Vd:
Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2
Cr + 2H+ Cr2+ + H2
Ch : Crm th ng trong axit H2SO4 v HNO3 c ,ngui.
VII. HP CHT CA CROM
VII.1.Mt s hp cht ca crm (III)
1. Crm (III) oxit: Cr2O3 ( mu lc thm). Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh, tan trong axit v kim c.
Vd: Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2O.
(1)
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaCrO2+ H2O.
(2)
=> Phn ng (1), (2) chng minh Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh.
2. Crm (III) hidroxit: Cr(OH)3 l cht rn mu lc xm.
- iu ch: CrCl3 +3NaOH Cr(OH)3 + 3NaCl
- Cr(OH)3 l hidroxit lng tnh:
Vd: Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2+ 2H2O. (1)
Natri crmit
Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O. (2)
=> Phn ng (1), (2) chng minh Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh.
3. Mui crm (III): va c tnh kh va c tnh oxi ho.
Mui quan trng l phn crm-kali: KCr(SO4)2.12H2O- c mu xanh tm, dng trong thuc da, cht cm mu trong
nhm vi.
VII.2. Hp cht Crm (VI):
1. Crm (VI) oxit: CrO3
- L cht rn mu thm.
- CrO3 l cht oxi ho rt mnh. mt s hp cht v c v hu c bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
Vd: 2CrO3 + 2 NH3 Cr2O3 +N2 +3 H2O
- CrO3 l mt oxit axit,o tc dng vi H2O to ra hn hp 2 axit.
t
CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 : axit crmic
2 CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 : axit icrmic
2 axit trn ch tn ti trong dung dch, nu tch ra khi dung dch chng b phn hu to thnh CrO3
2. Mui crmat v icromat:
- L nhng hp cht bn
- Mui crmat: Na2CrO4,...l nhng hp cht c mu vng ca ion CrO42-.
- Mui icrmat: K2Cr2O7... l mui c mu da cam ca ion Cr2O72-.
- Gia ion CrO42- v ion Cr2O72- c s chuyn ho ln nhau theo cn bng.
Cr2O72- + H2O
2 CrO42- + 2H+
(da cam)
(vng)
2 CrO42- + 2 H+ Cr2O72- + H2O
Cr2O72- + 2OH- 2 CrO42- + H2O
(vng)
(da cam)
(da cam)
(vng)
* Tnh cht ca mui crmat v icromat l tnh oxi ho mnh. c bit trong MT axit.
Vd: K2Cr2O7 + SO2 + H2SO4
K2Cr2O7 + KI + H2SO4
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

VIII. NG V HP CHT CA Cu
1. V tr ca ng trong BTH: L kim loi chuyn tip, STT: 29; chu k 4; nhm IB
2. Cu to ca ng: 29Cu : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
-L nguyn t d, c electron ho tr nm 4s v 3d
-Trong hp cht: Cu c mc oxi ho ph bin l: +1 v +2 to ra c 2 ion: Cu+ (Ar) 3d10; Cu2+ (Ar) 3d9
3. Tnh cht vt l: ng l kim loi mu , do, dai, d ko si, dt mng, dn nhit, dn in tt. L kim loi nng,
nhit nng chy cao.
4. Tnh cht ho hc: ng l kim loi km hot ng, c tnh kh yu
a) Tc dng vi phi kim:
- Cu phn ng vi oxi khi un nng to CuO bo v nn Cu khng b oxi ho tip tc.
0

t
Vd: 2Cu + O2
CuO
- Tc dng trc tip vi Cl2, Br2, S...
0

b)

c)
5.
a.
-

t
t
Vd: Cu + Cl2
CuCl2.
Cu + S
CuS
Tc dng vi axit:
* Cu khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl, H2SO4 long.
* Vi HNO3, H2SO4 c :
Vd: Cu + 2 H2SO4 CuSO4 + SO2 + H2O
Cu + 4 HNO3
Cu + HNO3 long
Tc dng vi dung dch mui: Kh c ion kim loi ng sau n trong dung dch mui.
Vd: Cu + 2 AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
MT S HP CHT CA NG:
ng (II) oxit: CuO l cht rn mu en, khng tan trong nc.
iu ch: nhit phn.
0

t
2 Cu(NO3)2
2 CuO + 4 NO2 + O2
- CuO c tnh oxi ho(b kh):

t
CuCO3. Cu(OH)2
2 CuO + CO2 + H2O

t
t
Vd : CuO + CO
Cu + CO2
3 CuO + 2 NH3
N2 + 3Cu + 3 H2O.
- CuO l oxit baz: CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O
b. ng (II) hidroxit: Cu(OH)2. L cht rn mu xanh.
- iu ch: t dung dch mui Cu2+ v dung dch baz: CuSO4 + 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4.
- Cu(OH)2 l mt baz: Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O
- Cu(OH)2 d tan trong dung dch NH3 to dung dch mu xanh thm gi l nc Svayde.
Vd: Cho t t dung dch NH3 cho n d vo dung dch CuSO4.
c. Mui Cu(II): c mu xanh
d. ng dng ca ng v hc ca Cu: da vo tnh do, dn in, dn nhit, bn ca ng v hp kim. Vd: ng thau:
Cu-Zn. ng bch: Cu-Ni.
6. S LC V Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn
a. Niken: Ni : Ni 28, chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
-C mu trng bc, rt cng, l KL nng, t0 nng chy l 14550C
0

t
t
- C tnh kh yu hn Fe: 2Ni + O2
2NiO.
Ni + Cl2
NiCl2
0
t thng Ni bn trong khng kh v nc, khng td vi H2
b. Km: Zn 30, chu k 4, nhm IIB. L KL hot ng, c tnh kh mnh hn Fe
0

t
t
Zn + Cl2
ZnCl2
2Zn + O2
2ZnO
c. Pb: Pb s 82, nhm IVA, chu k 6.
- C mu trng, hi xanh, l KL nng, mm d dt mng
- C tnh kh < Fe, K thng: Pb td vi O2 khng kh to mng mng oxit bo v ch, khi un nng b oxh ht to ra
PbO:
0

t
t
Vd:
2 Pb + O2
2PbO
Pb + S
PbS
- Pb v hp cht ca Pb u c: gy xm men rng, ri lon thn kinh....
d. Thic: Sn 50, nhm IV A, chu k 5. Thic c 2 dng th hnh: Sn xm v Sn trng
- Sn c tnh kh yu hn Fe.
0

t
Vd: 2Sn + O2
SnO2
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Sn + 2HCl SnCl2+ H2

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

C. CU HI VN DNG
ST V HP CHT CA ST
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe?
A. [Ar] 4s23d6.
B. [Ar]3d64s2.
C. [Ar]3d8.
D. [Ar]3d74s1.
Cu 2: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe2+?
A. [Ar]3d6.
B. [Ar]3d5.
C. [Ar]3d4.
D. [Ar]3d3.
3+
Cu 3: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Fe ?
A. [Ar]3d6.
B. [Ar]3d5.
C. [Ar]3d4.
D. [Ar]3d3.
Cu 4: Cho phng trnh ho hc: aAl + bFe3O4 cFe + dAl2O3 (a, b, c, d l cc s nguyn, ti gin). Tng cc h s a,
b, c, d l
A. 25.
B. 24.
C. 27.
D. 26.
Cu 5: Trong cc loi qung st, qung c hm lng st cao nht l
A. hematit nu.
B. manhetit.
C. xierit.
D. hematit .
Cu 6: Hai dung dch u phn ng c vi kim loi Fe l
A. CuSO4 v ZnCl2.
B. CuSO4 v HCl.
C. ZnCl2 v FeCl3.
D. HCl v AlCl3.
Cu 7: Cho st phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c mt cht kh mu nu . Cht kh l
A. NO2.
B. N2O.
C. NH3.
D. N2.
Cu 8: Ho tan m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr
ca m l
A. 2,8.
B. 1,4.
C. 5,6.
D. 11,2.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 9: Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HNO3 long d, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 0,448 lt kh
NO duy nht ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l (Cho Fe = 56, H = 1, Cl = 35,5)
A. 11,2.
B. 0,56.
C. 5,60.
D. 1,12.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 10. Bao nhiu gam clo tc dng va kim loi st to ra 32,5 gam FeCl3?
A. 21,3 gam
B. 14,2 gam.
C. 13,2 gam.
D. 23,1 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 11: Cho 2,52 gam mt kim loi tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long, thu c 6,84 gam mui sunfat. Kim loi
l:
A. Mg.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Al.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 12: Ngm mt l kim loi c khi lng 50 gam trong dung dch HCl. Sau khi thu c 336 ml kh H2 (ktc) th
khi lng l kim loi gim 1,68%. Kim loi l
A. Zn.
B. Fe.
C. Al.
D. Ni.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 13: Cho mt t bt st nguyn cht tc dng ht vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 560 ml mt cht kh ( ktc).
Nu cho mt lng gp i bt st ni trn tc dng ht vi dung dch CuSO4 th thu c m gam mt cht rn. Gi tr m
l
A. 1,4 gam.
B. 4,2 gam.
C. 2,3 gam.
D. 3,2 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 14: Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe, trong Cu chim 43,24% khi lng. Cho 14,8 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch
HCl thy c V lt kh (ktc). Gi tr ca V l:
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 2,24 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 3,36 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 15: Nhng thanh st vo dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly thanh st ra ra sch, sy kh thy khi lng tng
1,2 gam. Khi lng Cu bm vo thanh st l
A. 9,3 gam.
B. 9,4 gam.
C. 9,5 gam.
D. 9,6 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 16: Cho st tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long thu c V lt H2 (ktc), dung dch thu c cho bay hi c tinh
th FeSO4.7H2O c khi lng l 55,6 gam. Th tch kh H2 (ktc) c gii phng l
A. 8,19 lt.
B. 7,33 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 6,23 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 17: Ngm mt inh st nng 4 gam trong dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly inh st ra, sy kh, cn nng
4,2857 gam. Khi lng st tham gia phn ng l
A. 1,9990 gam.
B. 1,9999 gam.
C. 0,3999 gam.
D. 2,1000 gam
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 18: Ho tan 58 gam mui CuSO4.5H2O vo nc c 500 ml dung dch A. Cho dn dn bt st vo 50 ml dung
dch A, khuy nh cho ti khi dung dch ht mu xanh. Khi lng st tham gian phn ng l
A. 1,9922 gam.
B. 1,2992 gam.
C. 1,2299 gam.
D. 2,1992 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 19. Mt hn hp gm 13 gam km v 5,6 gam st tc dng vi dung dch axit sunfuric long d. Th tch kh hidro
(ktc) c gii phng sau phn ng l.
A. 2,24 lit.
B. 4,48 lit.
C. 6,72 lit.
D. 67,2 lit.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 20: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi
tr ca V l
A. 6,72.
B. 4,48.
C. 2,24.
D. 3,36.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 21: Cho 10 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt
kh hiro ( ktc), dung dch X v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 6,4 gam.
B. 3,4 gam.
C. 5,6 gam.
D. 4,4 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 22: Cho 20 gam hn hp bt Mg v Fe tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy c 1 gam kh H2 bay ra. Lng
mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l bao nhiu gam ?
A. 40,5 gam.
B. 45,5 gam.
C. 55,5 gam.
D. 60,5 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 23. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 ly d ta thu c 8,96 lit(kc) hn hp kh X gm 2 kh NO v NO2 c t
khi hi hn hp X so vi oxi bng 1,3125. Gi tr ca m l
A. 0,56 gam.
B. 1,12 gam.
C. 11,2 gam.
D. 5,6 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 24: Phn hy Fe(OH)3 nhit cao n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn l
A. FeO.
B. Fe2O3.
C. Fe3O4.
D. Fe(OH)2.
Cu 25: Sn phm to thnh c cht kt ta khi dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 tc dng vi dung dch
A. NaOH.
B. Na2SO4.
C. NaCl.
D. CuSO4.
Cu 26: Dy gm hai cht ch c tnh oxi ho l
A. Fe(NO3)2, FeCl3.
B. Fe(OH)2, FeO.
C. Fe2O3, Fe2(SO4)3.
D. FeO, Fe2O3.
X
Y
Cu 27: Cho s chuyn ho: Fe
FeCl3
Fe(OH)3 (mi mi tn ng vi mt phn ng). Hai cht X, Y ln

lt l
A. HCl, NaOH.
B. HCl, Al(OH)3.
C. NaCl, Cu(OH)2.
D. Cl2, NaOH.
Cu 28: Hp cht st (II) sunfat c cng thc l
A. FeSO4.
B. Fe(OH)3.
C. Fe2O3.
D. Fe2(SO4)3.
Cu 29: St c th tan trong dung dch no sau y? A. FeCl2 .
B. FeCl3.
C. MgCl2.
D. AlCl3.
Cu 30: Hp cht no sau y ca st va c tnh oxi ha, va c tnh kh?
A. FeO.
B. Fe2O3.
C. Fe(OH)3.
D. Fe(NO3)3.
Cu 31: Nhn nh no sau y sai?
A. St tan c trong dung dch CuSO4.
B. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl3.
C. St tan c trong dung dch FeCl2.
D. ng tan c trong dung dch FeCl3.
Cu 32: Cht c tnh oxi ho nhng khng c tnh kh l
A. Fe.
B. Fe2O3.
C. FeCl2.
D. FeO.
Cu 33: Cht phn ng vi dung dch FeCl3 cho kt ta l
A. CH3COOCH3.
B. CH3OH.
C. CH3NH2.
D. CH3COOH.
..............................................................................................................................................................................

Cu 34: Cho phn ng: a Fe + b HNO3

c Fe(NO3)3 + d NO + e H2O
Cc h s a, b, c, d, e l nhng s nguyn, n gin nht. Th tng (a+b) bng
A. 3.
B. 6.
C. 4.
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

D. 5.

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 35: Cho dy cc cht: FeCl2, CuSO4, BaCl2, KNO3. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH l
A. 2.
B. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 36: Cho dy cc kim loi: Na, Cu, Fe, Ag, Zn. S kim loi trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch HCl l
A. 5.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 37: Cho cc hp kim sau: Cu-Fe (I); Zn Fe (II); Fe-C (III); Sn-Fe (IV). Khi tip xc vi dung dch cht in li th
cc hp kim m trong Fe u b n mn trc l:
A. I, II v III.
B. I, II v IV.
C. I, III v IV.
D. II, III v IV.
Cu 38: Nung 21,4 gam Fe(OH)3 nhit cao n khi lng khng i, thu c m gam mt oxit. Gi tr ca m l
A. 16.
B. 14.
C. 8.
D. 12.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 39: Cho kh CO kh hon ton n Fe mt hn hp gm: FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 thy c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) thot ra. Th
tch CO (ktc) tham gia phn ng l
A. 1,12 lt.
B. 2,24 lt.
C. 3,36 lt.
D. 4,48 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 40: kh hon ton 30 gam hn hp CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, MgO cn dng 5,6 lt kh CO ( ktc). Khi lng
cht rn sau phn ng l
A. 28 gam.
B. 26 gam.
C. 22 gam.
D. 24 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 41: Kh hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 cn 2,24 lt CO ( ktc). Khi lng st thu c l
A. 5,6 gam.
B. 6,72 gam.
C. 16,0 gam.
D. 8,0 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 42: Hn hp A gm FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Trong hn hp A, mi oxit u c 0,5 mol. Khi lng ca hn hp A l
A. 231 gam.
B. 232 gam.
C. 233 gam.
D. 234 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 43: Kh hon ton 16 gam Fe2O3 bng kh CO nhit cao. Kh i ra sau phn ng c dn vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d. Khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 15 gam
B. 20 gam.
C. 25 gam.
D. 30 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 44: Kh hon ton m gam hn hp X gm FeO v Fe2O3 bng H2 (to), kt thc th nghim thu c 9 gam H2O v
22,4 gam cht rn. % s mol ca FeO c trong hn hp X l:
A. 66,67%.
B. 20%.
C. 67,67%.
D. 40%.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 45: Nung mt mu thp thng c khi lng 10 gam trong O2 d thu c 0,1568 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Thnh phn
phn trm theo khi lng ca cacbon trong mu thp l
A. 0,82%.
B. 0,84%.
C. 0,85%.
D. 0,86%.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 46: Ho tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500 ml axit H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau
phn ng, hn hp mui sunfat khan thu c khi c cn dung dch c khi lng l
A. 3,81 gam.
B. 4,81 gam.
C. 5,81 gam.
D. 6,81 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 47: Cho 32 gam hn hp gm MgO, Fe2O3, CuO tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch H2SO4 2M. Khi lng mui
thu c l
A. 60 gam.
B. 80 gam.
C. 85 gam.
D. 90 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 48: Ha tn 10 gam hn hp bt Fe v Fe2O3 bng dd HCl thu c 1,12 lt kh (ktc) v dung dch A. Cho dung
dch A tc dng vi NaOH d, thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta trong khng kh n khi lng khng i c cht rn c
khi lng l:
A. 11,2 gam.
B. 12,4 gam.
C. 15,2 gam.
D. 10,9 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 49: Ho tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long (d), thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi
V ml dung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l (cho Fe = 56)
A. 40.
B. 80.
C. 60.
D. 20.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

CRM V HP CHT CA CROM
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cr l:
A. [Ar]3d5.
B. [Ar]3d4.
C. [Ar]3d3.
D. [Ar]3d2.
Cu 2: Cc s oxi ho c trng ca crom l:
A. +2; +4, +6.
B. +2, +3, +6.
C. +1, +2, +4, +6.
D. +3, +4, +6.
Cu 3: Nh t t dung dch H2SO4 long vo dung dch K2CrO4 th mu ca dung dch chuyn t
A. khng mu sang mu vng.
B. mu da cam sang mu vng.
C. khng mu sang mu da cam.
D. mu vng sang mu da cam.
Cu 4: Oxit lng tnh l
A. Cr2O3.
B. MgO.
C. CrO.
D. CaO.
3+

Cu 5: Cho phn ng : NaCrO2 + Br2 + NaOH

Na2CrO4 + NaBr + H2O
Khi cn bng phn ng trn, h s ca NaCrO2 l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 6: Cp kim loi no sau y bn trong khng kh v nc do c mng oxit bo v?
A. Fe v Al.
B. Fe v Cr.
C. Mn v Cr.
D. Al v Cr.
Cu 7: Sc kh Cl2 vo dung dch CrCl3 trong mi trng NaOH. Sn phm thu c l
A. Na2Cr2O7, NaCl, H2O.
B. Na2CrO4, NaClO3, H2O.
C. Na[Cr(OH)4], NaCl, NaClO, H2O.
D. Na2CrO4, NaCl, H2O.
Cu 8: Khi so snh trong cng mt iu kin th Cr l kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn
A. Fe.
B. K.
C. Na.
D. Ca.
Cu 9: Khi lung K2Cr2O7 cn dng oxi ho ht 0,6 mol FeSO4 trong dung dch c H2SO4 long lm mi
trng l (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52)
A. 29,4 gam
B. 59,2 gam.
C. 24,9 gam.
D. 29,6 gam
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 10: Mun iu ch 6,72 lt kh clo (kc) th khi lung K2Cr2O7 ti thiu cn dng tc dng vi dung dch HCl
c, d l (Cho O = 16, K = 39, Cr = 52)
A. 29,4 gam
B. 27,4 gam.
C. 24,9 gam.
D. 26,4 gam
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 11: oxi ha hon ton 0,01 mol CrCl3 thnh K2CrO4 bng Cl2 khi c mt KOH, lng ti thiu Cl2 v KOH
tng ng l
A. 0,015 mol v 0,04 mol.
B. 0,015 mol v 0,08 mol.
C. 0,03 mol v 0,08 mol.
D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 12: Khi lng bt nhm cn dng thu c 78 gam crom t Cr2O3 bng phn ng nhit nhm (gi s hiu sut
phn ng l 100%) l
A. 13,5 gam
B. 27,0 gam.
C. 54,0 gam.
D. 40,5 gam
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 13: Nung hn hp bt gm 15,2 gam Cr2O3 v m gam Al nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, thu c
23,3 gam hn hp rn X. Cho ton b hn hp X phn ng vi axit HCl (d) thot ra V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V
A. 7,84.
B. 4,48.
C. 3,36.
D. 10,08.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 14: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp cc kim loi Al, Cr, Fe tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long nng (trong iu
kin khng c khng kh), thu c dung dch X v 7,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X (trong iu kin khng
c khng kh) c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 42,6.
B. 45,5.
C. 48,8.
D. 47,1.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
NG, KM V HP CHT CA NG, KM
Cu 1: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu l
A. [Ar]4s13d10.
B. [Ar]4s23d9.
C. [Ar]3d104s1.
D. [Ar]3d94s2.
Cu 2: Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ l
A. [Ar]3d7.
B. [Ar]3d8.
C. [Ar]3d9.
D. [Ar]3d10.
Cu 3: Cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch hn hp gm NaNO3 v H2SO4 long s gii phng kh no sau y?
A. NO2.
B. NO.
C. N2O.
D. NH3.
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 4: Tng h s (cc s nguyn, ti gin) ca tt c cc cht trong phng trnh phn ng gia Cu vi dung dch
HNO3 c, nng l
A. 10.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 11.
Cu 5: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) vo 4 dung dch trn
th s cht kt ta thu c l
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 6: Hai kim loi u phn ng vi dung dch Cu(NO3)2 gii phng kim loi Cu l
A. Al v Fe.
B. Fe v Au.
C. Al v Ag.
D. Fe v Ag.
Cu 7: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng l
A. Fe + Cu(NO3)2.
B. Cu + AgNO3.
C. Zn + Fe(NO3)2.
D. Ag + Cu(NO3)2.
Cu 8: Dung dch FeSO4 v dung dch CuSO4 u tc dng c vi
A. Ag.
B. Fe.
C. Cu.
D. Zn.
Cu 9: Kim loi Cu phn ng c vi dung dch
A. FeSO4.
B. AgNO3.
C. KNO3.
D. HCl.
Cu 10: Hai kim loi c th iu ch bng phng php nhit luyn l
A. Ca v Fe.
B. Mg v Zn.
C. Na v Cu.
D. Fe v Cu.
Cu 11: Cht khng kh c st oxit ( nhit cao) l
A. Cu.
B. Al.
C. CO.
D. H2.
Cu 12: Dung dch mui no sau y tc dng c vi c Ni v Pb?
A. Pb(NO3)2.
B. Cu(NO3)2.
C. Fe(NO3)2.
D. Ni(NO3)2.
Cu 13: loi b kim loi Cu ra khi hn hp bt gm Ag v Cu, ngi ta ngm hn hp kim loi trn vo lng d
dung dch
A. AgNO3.
B. HNO3.
C. Cu(NO3)2.
D. Fe(NO3)2.
Cu 14: Tt c cc kim loi Fe, Zn, Cu, Ag u tc dng c vi dung dch
A. HCl.
B. H2SO4 long.
C. HNO3 long.
D. KOH.
Cu 15: Mt kim loi phn ng vi dung dch CuSO4 to ra Cu. Kim loi l
A. Fe.
B. Ag.
C. Cu.
D. Na.
Cu 16: ng (Cu) tc dng c vi dung dch
A. H2SO4 c, nng.
B. H2SO4 long.
C. FeSO4.
D. HCl.
Cu 17: Kim loi M phn ng c vi: dung dch HCl, dung dch Cu(NO3)2, dung dch HNO3 (c, ngui). Kim loi M
A. Al.
B. Zn.
C. Fe.
D. Ag.
Cu 18: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc.
B. cht oxi ho.
C. mi trng.
D. cht kh.
Cu 19: Trng hp xy ra phn ng l
A. Cu + Pb(NO3)2 (long) B. Cu + HCl (long) C. Cu + HCl (long) + O2 D. Cu + H2SO4 (long)
Cu 20: Hp cht no sau y khng c tnh lng tnh?
A. ZnO.
B. Zn(OH)2.
C. ZnSO4.
D. Zn(HCO3)2.
Cu 21: Cho dung dch NaOH vo dung dch mui sunfat ca mt kim loi c ho tr II thy sinh ra kt ta tan trong
dung dch NaOH d. Mui sunfat l mui no sau y?
A. MgSO4.
B. CaSO4.
C. MnSO4.
D. ZnSO4.
Cu 22: Dy no sau y sp xp cc kim loi ng theo th t tnh kh tng dn?
A. Pb, Ni, Sn, Zn.
B. Pb, Sn, Ni, Zn.
C. Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb.
D. Ni, Zn, Pb, Sn.
Cu 23: St ty l st c ph ln b mt bi kim loi no sau y?
A. Zn.
B. Ni.
C. Sn.
D. Cr.
Cu 24: Cho 19,2 gam kim loi M tc dng vi dd HNO3 long, d thu c 4,48 lt kh duy nht NO (ktc). Kim loi M
A. Mg.
B. Cu.
C. Fe.
D. Zn.
Cu 25: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3.
B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3.
D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
Cu 26: Hai kim loi c th c iu ch bng phng php in phn dung dch l
A. Al v Mg.
B. Na v Fe.
C. Cu v Ag.
D. Mg v Zn.
Cu 27: Cho 7,68 gam Cu tc dng ht vi dd HNO3 long thy c kh NO thot ra. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l
A. 21, 56 gam.
B. 21,65 gam.
C. 22,56 gam.
D. 22,65 gam.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II

Tp Ch Ha Hc & ng Dng www.hoahoc.org

Cu 28: t 12,8 gam Cu trong khng kh. Ho tan cht rn thu c vo dung dch HNO3 0,5M thy thot ra 448 ml kh
NO duy nht (ktc). Th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO3 cn dng ho tan cht rn l
A. 0,84 lt.
B. 0,48 lt.
C. 0,16 lt.
D. 0,42 lt.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
Cu 29: Kh m gam bt CuO bng kh H2 nhit cao thu c hn hp cht rn X. ho tan ht X cn va 1 lt
dung dch HNO3 1M, thu c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Hiu sut ca phn ng kh CuO l
A. 70%.
B. 75%.
C. 80%.
D. 85%.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
MT S BI TP N LUYN
Cu 1. Phn ng no di y khng th s dng iu ch FeO?
0

A. Fe(OH)2 tcao
B. FeCO3 tcao
C. Fe(NO3)2 tcao
D. CO + Fe2O3 tcao

Cu 2. Tn ca cc qung cha FeCO3 , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 , FeS2 ln lt l

A. Hematit, pirit, manhetit, xierit
B. Xierit, manhetit, pirit, hematit,
C. Xierit , hematit , manhetit, pirit.
D. Pirit, hematit, manhetit , xierit
Cu 3. in vo v tr (1) v (2) cc cng thc thch hp: Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl to c . (1).cn khi tc
dng vi Cl2 li to c .(2) .
A. (1)FeCl3; (2)FeCl2
B. (1)FeCl3; (2) FeCl3
C. (1)FeCl2; (2)FeCl2
D. (1)FeCl2; (2)FeCl3
Cu 4. un nng hn hp X gm bt Fe v S. Sau phn ng thu c hn hp Y. Hn hp ny khi tc dng vi dung
dch HCl c d thu c cht rn khng tan Z v hn hp kh T. Hn hp Y thu c trn bao gm cc cht: A. FeS2,
FeS, S
B. FeS2, Fe, S
C. Fe, FeS, S
D. FeS2, FeS
X
Y
Cu 5. Xt phng trnh phn ng : FeCl2 Fe FeCl3 . Hai cht X, Y ln lt l:
A. AgNO3 d, Cl2
B.FeCl3 , Cl2
C. HCl, FeCl3
D. Cl2 , FeCl3.
Cu 6. Hin tng no di y c m t khng ng?
A. Thm lng d NaOH vo dd K2Cr2O7 th dd chuyn t mu da cam sang mu vng.
B. Thm lng d NaOH dd CrCl3 thy xut hin kt ta mu vng.
C. Thm t t dd NaOH vo dd CrCl3 thy xut hin kt ta lc xm, sau tan ti tan.
D. Thm t t dd HCl vo dd Na[Cr(OH)4] thy xut hin kt ta lc xm, sau li tan.
Cu 7: Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3, vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l
A. cht xc tc.
B. cht oxi ho.
C. mi trng.
D. cht kh.
Cu 8: Cp cht khng xy ra phn ng ho hc l :
A. Cu + dung dch FeCl3.
B. Fe + dung dch HCl.
C. Fe + dung dch FeCl3.
D. Cu + dung dch FeCl2.
Cu 9: C 4 dung dch mui ring bit: CuCl2, ZnCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3. Nu thm dung dch KOH (d) vo 4 dung dch trn
th s cht kt ta thu c l:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
Cu 10: Khi iu ch FeCl2 bng cch cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl. bo qun dung dch FeCl2 thu c khng
b chuyn h thnh hp cht st ba, ngi ta c th:
A. Cho thm vo dung dch 1 lng st d.
B. Cho thm vo dung dch 1 lng km d.
C. Cho thm vo dung dch 1 lng HCl d.
D. Cho thm vo dung dch 1 lng HNO3 d.
Cu 11. Trong dd c cha cc cation K+, Ag+, Fe2+, Ba2+ v mt anion. Anion l anion:
A. ClB. NO3C. SO42D. CO32Cu 12. Cho Fe tc dng vo dung dch AgNO3 d, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton ta thu c dung dch X v kt ta
Y. Trong dung dch X c cha:
A. Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3
B. Fe(NO3)3, AgNO3
C. Fe(NO3)2, AgNO3, Fe(NO3)3
D. Fe(NO3)2.
Cu 13. Trong s cc loi qung st: FeCO3 (xierit), Fe2O3 (hematit), Fe3O4 (manhetit), FeS2 (pirit). Qung cha hm
lng % Fe nh nht l:
A. FeCO3
B. Fe2O3
C. Fe3O4
D.FeS2
Cu 14. Dung dch mui FeCl3 khng tc dng vi kim loi no di y?
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Cu
D. Ag
Cu 15. Nhng thanh Fe vo dd CuSO4. Quan st thy hin tng g?
A. Thanh Fe c mu trng v dd nht dn mu xanh.
B. Thanh Fe c mu v dd nht dn mu xanh
C. Thanh Fe c trng xm v dd nht dn mu xanh.
D. Thanh Fe c mu v dd c dn mu xanh
TRN BC NG THNH CNG, KHNG C DU CHN CA K LI BING
2011 2012 TRNG THPT NAM SCH II