15/09/2011

KHOA XY DNG & IN

Mn hc

VT LIU XY DNG

Ging vin : Trn Trung Dng Email : dung.ttrung@ou.edu.vn a ch : P312 97 V Vn Tn Q.3 TPHCM
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Chng II VT LIU GM XY DNG

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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

1. Khi nim v phn loi

1.1. Khi nim Khi nim: vt liu gm xy dng l vt liu nhn to nung c sn xut t nguyn liu chnh l t st, bng cch to hnh v nung nhit cao.

u im : c bn v tui th cao cng ngh sn

xut n gin, gi thnh thp.

Khuyt im : gin, d v, tng i nng, kh c

gii ho xy dng, c bit vi gch xy v ngi lp. Ngoi ra, sn xut vt liu gm thu hp din tch nng nghip.
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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

1. Khi nim v phn loi

1.2. Phn loi

Gm dn dng

Gm s
Gm s k thut in v in t Gm s ho hc
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Gm s m ngh

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1. Khi nim v phn loi

1.2. Phn loi

Theo cng dng : vt liu xy, vt liu lp, vt liu lt,

vt liu p, sn phm k thut v sinh, sn phm cch m cch nhit

Theo cu to : gm c c rng < 5% (nh gch p,

lt) ; gm rng c rng > 5% (nh gch xy) .

Theo phng php sn xut : gm tinh (thng c cu

trc ht mn sn xut phc tp nh s v sinh, tm p) ; gm th (thng c cu trc ht ln, sn xut n gin nh gch ngi, tm lt )
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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu Nguyn liu chnh Nguyn liu ph

t st Cao lanh

Vt liu gy : ct, trng thch Ph gia chy Ph gia tng do Ph gia ht nhit nung Men

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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu t st : l loi trm tch a khong, thnh phn chnh l cc alumosilicat ngm nc (nAl2O3. nSiO2.pH2O). Tu theo iu kin mi trng m khong c to thnh c thnh phn khc nhau:

Kaolinit (2SiO2.Al2O3.2H2O) hay Mntmrilonit (4SiO2.Al2O3.nH2O) .

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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu Thnh phn ho ca t st: SiO2 dng lin kt 40 60% SiO2 dng t do Al2O3 dng t do Fe2O3 dng t do 15 30% 8 22% 3 7%

Cc tnh cht chnh ca t st : Tnh do khi nho trn vi nc co khi sy v nung S bin i ho l khi nung
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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu

Tnh do : l tnh d to hnh ca hn hp t st kh

khi nho trn vi nc, nh tnh do ta c th to hnh cho sn phm v gi c hnh dng trong sut qu trnh sn xut. do c xc nh da vo co kh trong khng kh: em t st kh nghin mn trn vi lng nc yu cu ri to thnh mu c hnh dng hnh hc, sau phi kh ngoi khng kh ri xc nh co tng i.

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu Da theo phng php ny, t st c chia lm 3 loi :

t st do cao:

nc yu cu >28% co 1015 %

t st do trung bnh: nc yu cu 20 28 %
co 710 % .

t st km do:

nc yu cu < 20% co 57 %

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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu

co : l gim kch thc v th tch

ca t st khi sy kh v khi nung. co c tnh bng % so vi kch thc ban u . Cc giai on co : co khi sy co khi nung co tng cng ca t st l tng co khi sy v nung, thng dao ng trong khong 5 - 18% .
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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu Cc giai on ho l khi nung t st:

1000C - 6000C: nc t do v nc lin kt bay hi 6000C - 9000C: t st phn hu thnh cc oxit c lp 10000C - 12000C: cc oxt kt hp li to khong
silimanit (Al2O3.SiO2) v mulit (3Al2O3.2SiO2) . Nu thi gian ko di mulit tng Nu tng nhit t st chy ph phm
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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.1. Nguyn liu Cao lanh: t st trng, thnh phn chnh l Kaolinit (2SiO2.Al2O3.2H2O). Thnh phn ha hc Al2O3: 39,48% SiO2: 46,6%; H2O: 13,92%

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BI TP
Bi 2.1. Cn bao nhiu tn t st sn xut c 1000 vin gch lt nn kch thc 150 x 150 x 10 mm, bit khi lng th tch ca vin gch cha nung l 2.52g/cm3. Tn tht khi sy v nung l 15% khi lng t st. Bi 2.2. C th sn xut c bao nhiu gch t st thng t 5 tn t st? Bit rng m ca t st khai thc l 10%, tn tht khi nung l 8% so vi khi lng ca t kh. Khi lng mi vin gch l 1,4 daN/vin .

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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut gch t st nung

Khai thc

Nho trn t st

To hnh

Nung sn phm

Phi sy

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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut gch t st nung Khai thc nguyn liu: t st sau khi khai thc c ngm trong kho nhm tng tnh do v ng nht.

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut gch t st nung Nho trn t st : tng tnh do v ng u, gip cho vic to hnh c d dng.

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut gch t st nung To hnh : dng my n rut g hay my p lent.

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut gch t st nung

Phi sy: gim m, to cho sn phm mc c m

cn thit, trnh bin dng khi xp vo l nung. Sy t nhin Sy cng bc

Nung : Gm c 3 giai on t nng (nhit 4500C),

nung (nhit n 1000 1050 0C) v lm ngui . L gin on L ng L nung lin tc

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2.1.Sn xut gch

L gin on

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2.1.Sn xut gch

L ng

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2.1.Sn xut gch L ng

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2.1.Sn xut gch

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2.1.Sn xut gch L nung lin tc

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut gch t st nung

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Cc sn phm gch t st nung

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BI TP
Bi 2.3. Mt ngi cn xy mt bc tng c chiu di 16m v chiu cao 3m. Hi cn bao nhiu vin gch 4 l 18 v gch 4 l demi 18. Cho bit s vin/m2 c tnh trn tng xy dng thc t c chiu dy 10cm (tng 10) vi mch h lin kt gia cc vin gch l 1cm.

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Cc sn phm gch t st nung

Theo TCVN 1450:1998

Tn kiu gch, chiu dy, s l, c im l, rng, mc gch

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Cc sn phm gch t st nung

Yu cu k thut gch t st nung : TCVN 1450:1998 V ngoi hnh : Chiu di sai s khng qu E6 mm .

Chiu rng sai s khng qu E4 mm . Chiu cao sai s khng qu E3 mm . cong mt y, mt cnh khng qu 5 mm

Trn mt gch khng qu 2 ng nt, chiu di 15mm v khng su qu 1mm.

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Cc sn phm gch t st nung

Yu cu k thut gch t st nung : TCVN 1450:1998 ht nc theo khi lng : 16 % bn nn (mc gch) v un :

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Cc sn phm gch t st nung

Yu cu k thut gch t st nung : TCVN 1450:1998 Ghi nhn, bo qun v vn chuyn gch: t nht 80% s gch trong l phi c du hiu c s sn xut. Sp xp thnh tng kiu cng mc . Khng cho php qung nm, ng gch khi bc d v bo qun

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BI TP
Bi 2.4. Gch 4 l 18 ca TUILDONAI thuc mc no, bit theo kt qu th nghim ca Trung Tm 3 nh sau v khong cch gia 2 gi mu khi un l = 16 cm.
Mu 1 2 3 4 5 Lc ph hoi khi nn (KN) 105 97 110 102 98 Lc ph hoi khi un (daN) 480 470 467 498 471

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BI TP
Bi 2.5. Kim tra 1 loi gch 4 l 9x19 c kt qu nh sau, bit khong cch gia 2 gi mu khi un l = 16cm.
Mu 1 2 3 4 5 Lc ph hoi khi nn (KN) 85 67 58 72 50 Lc ph hoi khi un (daN) 380 370 367 378 371 ht nc (%) 10.2 6.8 12.7 8.4 7.5

nh gi xem gch ny c t yu cu s dng ca gch mc 75 khng?

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Chng II : Vt liu gm xy dng

2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut gch ngi t st nung

Khai thc

Nho trn t st

To hnh

Nung sn phm

Phi sy

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2. Nguyn liu v s lc qu trnh ch to

2.2. S lc qu trnh ch to Qu trnh sn xut ngi t st nung

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Cc sn phm ngi
Ngi t st nung khng trng men Ngi t st nung trng men Ngi trang tr Ngi xi mng, ngi khng nung hay ngi mu

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Cc sn phm ngi t st nung

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Ngi t st nung
Ngi vy c : c kch thc nh, khi lp vin n chng vin kia 40-50% din tch mi nng, tn vt liu Ngi g v ngi p : Loi c g : 10v/m 2, 13v/m2, 20v/m2, 22v/m2

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Ngi t st nung
Yu cu k thut ngi t st nung : TCVN 1452:1995 Sai s v kch thc : E2 %

ht nc khng ln hn 14%. Khi lng 1m2 ngi trng thi bo ho nc khng ln hn 55 kg. Ti trng un gy theo chiu rng vin ngi khng nh hn 35 N/cm.

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Ngi t st nung
Yu cu k thut ngi t st nung : TCVN 1452:1995 Xc nh thi gian xuyn nc, c vt m nhng khng hnh thnh git nc di vin ngi khng nh hn 2 gi t ng nghim vo gia vin gch ngi (ng nghim d = 25mm ; h = 150 mm) dng parafin gn . y nc vo ng nghim. Thi gian k t khi nc cho n khi xut hin vt thm mt bn kia gi l thi gian xuyn nc. Yu cu : thi gian xuyn nc phi ln hn 2h .
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Ngi t st nung

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Ngi t st nung
Cu to mi ngi :

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Hng dn lp ngi
Bc 1: Chn khong cch t nh n cy m u tin
A = 30 40

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Hng dn lp ngi
Bc 2: Chn chiu cao cy m cui

Tnh L2 = L1 n*L Tnh B = A + L2*tg(5.850)

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Hng dn lp ngi
Hy tnh ton cc thng s cn thit lp mi ngi s dng ngi 20 vin/m2. Bit mi c gc nghing 400, di 2880 mm, gc = 5.20 v c bng thng s sau.

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Cc sn phm ngi t st nung

Roof tile 22

Roof tile 20

Hy kim tra cht lng cc loi ngi sau ?

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Cc sn phm gch p lt
Gch khng trng men : gch tu, gch bng, gch xi mng Gch ceramic trng men (gch men) Gch granite: loi trng men hoc khng trng men Gch terrazo, gch cotto, gch mosaic, p lt nhn to

Gch tu Trn Trung Dng

Gch bng

49 Gch men Vt liu xy dng

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Cc sn phm gch p lt

Granite ph men khng ct cnh Trn Trung Dng

Granite ph men ct cnh

Granite mi bng
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Cc sn phm gch p lt
Phn loi gch p lt theo : TCVN 7132:2002
Theo phng php to hnh Nhm A : gch to hnh do Nhm B : gch to hnh p bn kh Nhm C : gch to hnh bng cc phng php khc Theo ht nc Nhm I : thp gm BIa (E0.5%) v BIb (0.5< E3%) Nhm II : trung bnh gm AIIa (3< E6%) v AIIb (6< E10%) Nhm III : ht nc cao E10%
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Cc sn phm gch p lt
Quy trnh sn xut gch ceramic trng men: Nguyn liu Nghin mn My p to hnh

Nung nhanh sn phm

Sy

Trng men

ng gi
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Cc sn phm gch p lt
Chun b nguyn liu:

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Cc sn phm gch p lt
My p :

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Cc sn phm gch p lt
Trng men:

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Cc sn phm gch p lt
Sy nung:

Cc quy trnh sn xut : Film 1 Film 2

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Gch p lt
Yu cu k thut gch p lt:

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Gch p lt
Yu cu k thut gch p lt:

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Gch p lt
Yu cu k thut gch p lt:

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Yu cu k thut gch p lt:

Gch p lt

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Yu cu k thut gch p lt:

Gch p lt

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Gch p lt
Cc yu cu chnh khi chn sn phm :
Kh nng chng trt bn chu mi mn b mt ht nc cng morhs v gii hn bn un bn chng vt v n mn ho hc Chn sn phm ph hp cho tng loi cng trnh v hng mc cng trnh Khu Nh xe H bi Phng thng Nh Phng Phng v li v sn khch v mi v bp tm ng xe chy vn phng n cng cng
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Cc sn phm s v sinh
Theo chc nng s dng : bn cu, lavabo, bn tiu Theo mc cht lng ngoi quan : loi 1 v loi 2 Theo cht lng sn phm : s v bn s

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S V SINH
Yu cu k thut : khuyt tt ngoi quan

khng vt 5 Tng s khuyt tt : khng vt 1 Trn Trung Dng

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S V SINH
Yu cu k thut : cc ch tiu c l

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S V SINH
Mt s hnh nh phng php to hnh

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S V SINH
Mt s hnh nh l sy nung

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Thank you for following me

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