1.

CU CH
1.1.Lch s Nm 1847, Breguet khuyn co dng cc thit b dn dng nhm trnh cho cc trm in bo b st nh, bng cch tan chy tr nn nh hn, cc dy ny c th bo v h thng in trong to nh.Hng lot cc dy v cc tm vt liu d nng chy c lp t nhm bo v cp in bo v h thng chiu sng ti M vo cc nm 1964. Thomas Edison c cp bng sng ch nm 1890 cho pht minh v cu ch trong h thng phn phi in thnh cng ca ng. 1.2.Nguyn l hot ng Trong ting Anh, fuse (cu ch) c ngha gc l "t tan chy". Cu ch thc hin theo nguyn l t chy hoc un cong tch ra khi mch in khi cng dng in trong mch tng t bin. lm c iu ny, in tr ca cht liu lm dy cu ch cn c nhit nng chy , kch thc v thnh phn thch hp. 1.3.Cu to Thnh phn khng th thiu trong mt cu ch l mt dy ch mc ni tip vi hai du dy dn trong mch in. V tr lp t cu ch l sau ngun in tng v trc cc b phn ca mch in , mng in cn c bo v nh cc thit b in,... Cc thnh phn cn li bao gm: hp gi cu ch, cc chu mc, np cu ch, v.v... c thay i ty thuc vo loi cu ch cng nh mc ch thm m. 1.4.K hiu

1.5.Cc thng s c bn

N : Gii hn m cu ch khng t ngt mch in Tc : cu ch c th ngt ngay khi qu ti hoc nhanh chm mt khong thi gian ngn nh trc theo thng s ny I2 t : Thc o kh nng bo v hiu qu cc h hng mch in ca cu ch Nng lc b gy Xp hng in p: in th: kh nng thch nghi vi cc mi trng hot ng khc nhau ,thng s ny khng quan trng vi cu ch truyn thng nhng kh quan trng vi cu ch bng cht do c kh nng t ng ni li mch sau khi t Chnh lch nhit mi trng : gim nh hng ca nhit mi trng ti hot ng ca cu ch

1.6.Hnh nh mt s loi cu ch: 1.6.1.Cu ch t ri:

1.6.2.Hp cu ch ngun Raptor

1.6.3.Cu ch HRC:

2.APTOMAT:
2.1.Chc nng Aptomat l kh c in dng t ng ct mch in,bo v qu ti,ngn mch,thp p cho kh thit b in. 2.2.Cu to Cu to ca aptomat c cc b phn chnh sau: 2.2.1.Tip im Aptomat thng c 2 n 3 tip im:tip im chnh,tip im ph v tip im h quang.Vi aptomat nh th thng khng c tip im ph.Tip im thng c lm bng vt liu dn in tt nhng chu c nhit do h qung sinh ra.Thng lm bng hp kim:Ag-W,Cu-W 2.2.2.H thng dp h quang S dng h thng dn dp bng st non dp tt h quang pht sinh trong qu trnh ngn mch c bit khi xy ra s c. 2.2.3.H thng truyn ng ng ct Thng l c cu c kh t do tut khp dng ng ct trng thi lm vic bnh thng,ng thi ch th trng thi lm vic cho aptomat. 2.2.4.H thng bo v Bo v ngn mch,qu ti,d in,in p cao,thp 2.3.Cc thng s c bn 2.3.1.in p nh mc ( U dm ):l gi tr in p lm vic di hn ca thit b in c aptomat bo v. 2.3.2.Dng in nh mc ( I dm ):l dng in lm vic lu di ca aptomat,thng c gi tr bng 1,2-1,5 ln dng nh mc ca thit b c bo v 2.3.3.Dng in tc ng ( I td ):l dng in aptomat tc ng 2.3.4.c tnh A-s ca aptomat: aptomat bo v c th c tnh A-s ca aptomat phi thp hn c tnh ca thit b in

2.4.Hnh nh mt s loi aptomat 2.4.1. Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)

2.4.2. Minature Circuit Breaker (MCB)

2.4.3. Moulded Case Circuit Breakers

2.5.Bng bo gi mt s loi aptomat ca SIEMENS: