Bi tiu lun

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LI M U

Lu nay khi ni n vt liu dn in ta thng ngh ngay n kim loi. Trong nhm v ng l hai kim loi ph bin s dng trong phn phi v truyn ti in nng. Cn vt liu polymer th c trng v tnh cht cch in. Tnh cht cch in ca hu ht cc loi polymer c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Tuy nhin polymer khng ch l vt liu cch in m chng cn l nhng vt liu dn in rt tt. Quan nim v tnh cht cch in v dn in ca polymer thay i khi cc loi polymer dn in c tm thy. Vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, con ngi dn tm ra c cc polymer c dn din khng thua g kim loi nhng li c nhng tnh cht u vit hn cc loi vt liu truyn thng. Do tnh cht u vit ca n v mt vt l, ha hc, quang hc v c bit thn thin vi mi trng. Ngy nay loi vt liu ny ngy cng c s rng ri trong cc lnh vc ca cuc sng nh: trong cng ngh in t c rt nhiu sn phm c ch to trn c s polymer dn nh transitor, mn hnh hin th hu c (OLED-organic light emitting diode). Trong cng ngh cm bin sinh hc, ha hc nh cm bin glucose trong mu trn c s polypyrrole, cm bin NH3 trn c s polyaniline. Trong lnh vc d tr nng lng bao gm ngun in, siu t in ha v trong lnh vc n mn bo v kim loi,... Polymer dn c th c tng hp bng cc phng php khc nhau nh: phng php ha hc, phng php vt l, phng php in ha. Trong tng hp bng phng php ha hc c nhc im l kh khng ch tc ca phn ng, cn nu tng hp bng phng php vt l th i hi thit b tng hp tng i phc tp m hiu qu li khng cao. Do , vic tng hp polymer dn bng con ng in ha l phng php c dng nhiu nht. Tm hiu v polymer dn din l mt trong ti rt rng lin quan n nhiu lnh vc nh: Cng ngh polymer, cng ngh in ha, in, bn dn,... Tuy nhin trong ni dung gii hn ca tiu lun ta ch tm hiu v c ch dn in ca polymer dn v nhng ng dng ca chng hin nay.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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TM HIU VT LIU POLYMER DN IN

PHN 1

LCH S PHT TRIN

Khm ph v polymer dn in quan trng xy ra vo nm 1973, khi polymer v c polysulfurnitride (SN)x c bit n nh l mt kim loi. dn in ring ca (SN)x ti nhit phng c gi tr khong 103 S/cm (S = Siemen, l n v ca dn in,
o nghch ca Ohm (S = 1/)), di nhit ti hn khong 0,3K, (SN)x tr thnh cht

siu dn. Tuy nhin, (SN)x rt d n, v th n khng c gi tr v mt ng dng ln thng mi. Nm 1975, mt pht hin c tm mc thi i xy ra ti trng Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Kogyo Daigaku, i hc ng kinh Cng nghip, Nht Bn). Tin s Shirakawa Hideki, ging vin ca trng, l mt chuyn gia v tng hp polyacetylene (PA) theo phng php thi kh acetylene qua mt cht xc tc. Phng php dng th kh tng hp cho ra mt th rn (trong trng hp ny l polymer) l mt phng php cng ngh thng dng hnh thnh polyethylene (PE) v polypropylene (PP). Hai polymer ny c tng hp bng cch thi kh ethylene hoc propylene vo cht xc tc Ziegler Natta (Ti(OC4H9)4 (Al(C2H5)3)). Shirakawa cng dng phng php ny tng hp bt PA. Vo nm 1977, ngi ta thc hin qu trnh dopant polymer polysulfurnitride v tnh dn in ca n tng ln mt cch ng k. n khong cui nm 1977, Shinakawa, MacDiarmid v Heeger khm ph ra rng, khi PA c oxy ho hoc kh bng cc tc nhn khc nhau th dn in ca n tng ln t 4,4.10-5 n khong 106S/cm (so snh vi Teflon: 10-16S/cm; Silicon: 10-3S/cm; Germanium: 1S/cm; ng, st, bc: 108S/cm). S khm ph ny c th c xem l im khi u ca cc cng trnh nghin cu sau ny v polymer dn in. nhng nm u ca thp nin 1980, mt cuc chy ua din ra gia cc nh khoa hc khp ni trn th gii nng cao dn in ca PA n mc dn in ca ng. y l cuc chy ua mang tnh hiu k hn l thc dng. S khc bit gia dn in ca cht cch in v cht dn in l mt khong cch cc k bao la. Nhng polymer cch in tt nh PE, PVC, polystyrene, nylon c " dn in" trong khong 10-18S/cm con s ny qu nh nn xem nh l cch in. Cht dn in tt nh ng hoc bc t
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 2 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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n 106S/cm. Khong cch gia hai tr s 10-18 v 106 l 1 triu t t ln. PA sau khi c dopant vi ion iodine (I3)- c dn in khong 105S/cm, l mt polymer c dn in cao nht trong cc polymer dn in. Khi c ko dn, PA c th t n 106S/cm gn n tr s ca ng. Tic rng, PA khng c gi tr cho nhng p dng thc tin bi v PA b oxt ho trong khng kh. Thm ch trong chn khng PA cng t suy thoi (self degradation). Oxt ho v s suy thoi a n vic gim dn in. Mt vt liu khng c tnh bn i vi mi trng xung quanh (environmental stability) kh c th tr thnh nhng vt liu hu ch mang tnh thc dng. Sau mt nm lm vic vi MacDiarmid v Heeger, Shirakawa tr li Nht Bn ging dy v nghin cu ti i hc Tsukuba. ng tip tc nghin cu PA cho n khi v hu. MacDiarmid v Heeger t trng tm nghin cu vo polyaniline (PAn). Ngoi ra, polypyrrole (PPy) v polythiophene (PT) l hai loi polymer quan trng khc c kho st c h thng trong 30 nm qua. Tht ra, PPy dn in c mt nhm nghin cu ti c (CSIRO) pht hin vo nm 1963. PPy ca nhm ny trn ln vi iodine trong qu trnh tng hp, cho ra mt hn hp c dn in 1S/cm. H khng ngh c khi nim dopant m trong iodine l nguyn nhn ca s dn in. Tic thay, h vit 3 bi bo co ng trn Australian Journal of Chemistry ri nh ch cng vic v ng l cht tp khng quan trng. PAn, PPy v PT l nhng polymer c bn tt hn PA nn c th dng trong nhng p dng thc tin. dn in ca cc polymer ny khng cao nh PA, ty iu kin tng hp dn in c th iu chnh trong khong 0,1S/cm n 1000S/cm. Vi s khm ph v nhng ng gp cho pht trin polymer dn in, nm 2000 Hn Lm Vin Khoa Hc Thy in trao gii Nobel Ho Hc cho cc gio s Shirakawa Hideki, Alan MacDiarmid v Alan Heeger.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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PHN 2

PHN LOI POLYMER DN IN

2.1. Polymer dn in do ph gia. to ra loi polymer dn in loi ny, ngi ta thng cho vo polymer cc cht ph gia c dn in ln, nh bt kim loi. Tuy nhin, tnh dn in c c khng xut pht t bn cht ca vt liu polymer m t cc ph gia thm vo. Do , chng khng c ng dng vo lnh vc in hu c. Lnh vc in hu c ch yu to ra cc thit b nh n it pht quang hu c (OLED), transitor hiu ng trng (FETs), t in, pin mt tri v cc b chuyn tn hiu trong cc thit b in t. Trong cc loi thit b ny, OLED v FETs ang c quan tm nghin cu nhiu nht. 2.2. Polymer dn do qu trnh dopant. Khi nim v qu trnh dopant: Dopant l qu trnh a thm mt s tp cht hay to ra mt s sai hng lm thay i c tnh dn in ca cc polymer v to ra bn dn loi N hoc P tu thuc vo loi ph gia ta a vo. V d: Emeraldine base.

Hnh 2.1: Dopant vi Bonsted axit. Vy qu trnh dopant y c tc dng b in tch cho chui polymer v duy tr polymer trng thi cn bng v trng thi oxy ho cn bng ny n dn in tt.

Hnh 2.2: Dopant vi Lewis axit.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C 4 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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a s cc polymer c h thng in t lin hp l cc cht bn dn. lm tng dn in, cn a cc in tch vo mch polymer bng hai phng php: Phng php th nht: a cc in tch vo mch polymer, hoc l ly i cc in t t n (qu trnh oxy ha hay cn gi l dopant loi p), hoc l a cc in t vo n (qu trnh kh hay dopant loi n). Cc polymer c h thng in t lin hp thng c xu hng nhng in t, cho nn chng d b oxy ha bi cc tc nhn oxy ha nh l I2, FeCl3,

Hnh 2.3: Qu trnh dopant loi p Ly i mt in t t polythiophene (1a) s to ra mt in tch linh ng trn gc cation (1b), theo thut ng ca vt l cht rn th (1b) c gi l polaron. Qu trnh oxy ha su hn c th chuyn polaron thnh bipolaron trng thi khng spin (1c), hoc mt cp polaron nh (1d). Trong trng hp ny, qu trnh a vo mch polymer mt in ch dng ng thi vi vic a vo mt ion i mang in tch tri du.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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Phng php th hai: Phng php ny c gi l qu trnh acid dopant.

Hnh 2.4: Qu trnh acid dopant Cu trc dng leucoameraldine (2a) c th b oxy ha thnh dng emaraldine (2b) m khng c s tham gia ca cc ion i X-. Tuy nhin, dng ameraldine (2b) ch tr nn dn in khi n c x l bng axt mnh HX, cu trc (2c) v (2d) l hai cu trc cng hng. Trong 2 phng php trn, vic to ra cc in tch trn mch polymer lun gn lin vi vic a vo cc ion i. Tuy nhin, c ch dn in ca cc loi polymer loi ny khng phi do cc ion i to ra, m do s phn b in tch mt cch tng i qua ton mch polymer.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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Hnh 2.5: So snh dn in ca cc vt liu khc nhau. 2.3. Polymer dn in thun. Tng phn vi cc loi polymer dn in do qu trnh dopant, cc polymer dn in thun l cc polymer trung tnh, bn cht dn in l do gi tr nng lng min cm (sau ny c gi l Eg) rt nh, thm ch gn bng 0eV. dn in ca chng ph thuc ch yu vo mc chng lp ca cc obital in t gia cc monomer k cn. Cc polymer loi ny ang l ti cho nhiu nghin cu trn th gii, v n trnh c qu trnh dopant phc tp v kh iu khin. Qu trnh lm gim gi tr Eg s lm tng mt in t trn min dn, do lm tng tnh dn thun ca vt liu v c th to ra c cc kim loi hu c m khng cn qu trnh dopant phc tp. Mt khc, khi th oxy ha c gi tr cng b gn lin vi gi tr Eg nh s to ra c cc loi polymer dn in do qu trnh dopant rt n nh. Hn th na, khi lm gim Eg, c th to ra cc loi polymer trong sut trong vng bc sng t t ngoi n kh kin, tnh cht ny c ng dng trong cc thit b lm vic trong vng bc sng hng ngoi. Mt v d in hnh nht v loi polymer c gi tr Eg b, l h ng polymer ha gia 4-(Dicyanomethylene)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1b; 3,4b] dithiophene v 3,4(ethylenedioxy) thiophene, gi tr Eg = 0,16 eV.
GVHD: TS. L MINH C 7 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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TM HIU VT LIU POLYMER DN IN

PHN 3

C CH DN IN CA POLYMER DN
hiu r hn v c ch dn in ca vt liu polymer dn ta s tm hiu v c ch dn in ca kim loi v dung dch in ly. Bn cht dng in trong kim loi Trong kim loi lun tn ti cc electron t do mang in tch m. Khi c in trng chy qua mt on dy dn th di tc dng ca lc in trng, cc electron s chuyn ng (ngc chiu in trng) thnh dng to nn dng in.Vy dng in trong kim loi l dng cc electron t do chuyn di c hng di tc dng ca in trng.

Hnh 3.1. S di chuyn ca cc electron t do trong kim loi.

Bn cht dng in trong dung dch in ly Dung dch in ly c kh nng phn ly cho ra nhng ion tri du l cc cation v anion. Khi ta cm ngun 1 chiu vo hai u A v B, gi s A (+), B (). Lp tc hnh thnh mt in trng trong dung dch c chiu hng t A sang B. in trng ny gy ra lc tc dng ln cc ion trong dung dch v cc ion m s di chuyn v cc dng (+),cc ion dng v cc m (). Nh vy, trong dung dch hnh thnh mt dng ion ng vai tr nh electron t do trong kim loi dn in.

Hnh 3.2. S di chuyn ca cc in trong dung dch cht in ly. V d l NaCl.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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Qua ta thy c kim loi, dung dch in ly dn in c l do cc electron t do (kim loi), cc ion m v ion dng (dung dch in ly) chuyn ng thnh dng di tc dng ca lc in trng. Nhng polymer khng phi l kim loi hay dung dch in ly, bn thn n khng tn ti cc electron t do cng nh cc ion m, ion dng to thnh dng in khi c tc dng ca lc in trng. Nh vy, trn c s no polymer li c th dn in? c im ca polymer dn in l mch carbon c mang cc ni i lin hp (conjugation bond), C=CC=C. y l s ni tip ca ni n CC v ni i C=C. PA, PAn, PPy v PT u c c im chung ny trong cu trc cao phn t. c im th hai l s hin din ca dopant. Iodine l mt th d in hnh trong PA. Hai c im ny lm polymer tr nn dn in. 3.1. in t trong ni i lin hp. Ni i ca polyacetylene (PA) (hnh 3.5) biu hin s khc bit cu trc phn t gia polyethylene (PE) (hnh 3.3) v PA. Cc lin kt trong PE l lin kt cng ha tr do s lai ha gia 1 obital s v 3 obital p (= 4 obital lai ha sp3) cho ra 4 lin kt (sigma) rt bn xung quanh nguyn t carbon (2 lin kt C H, 2 lin kt C C).

Hnh 3.3: Cu trc ca Polyethylene

Hnh 3.4: Trong PE s lai ha gia 1 obital s v 2 obital p cho ra 3 obital lai ha sp2.

Trong PA, do s lai ha gia 1 obital s v 2 obital p (= 3 obital lai ha sp2) cho ra 3 lin kt (1 ni C H, 2 ni C C) v 1 lin kt do ca obital pz ca hai nguyn t k nhau to thnh.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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Hnh 3.5: Cu trc ca polyacetylene

Hnh 3.6: Trong PA s lai ha gia 1 obital s v 2 obital p cho ra 3 obital lai ha sp2. V vy, thc cht ca ni i C = C l do 1 lin kt v 1 lin kt . Lin kt khng bn, c ngha l in t c nhiu hot tnh ha hc, sn sng phn ng nu c iu kin thch hp. in t , nht l in t trong cc ni lin hp (ni n v ni i tun t xen k nhau, C = C C = C ) cho nhiu hin tng v p dng th v. V lin kt khng bn nn ch cn mt nng lng nh cng kch hot in t sang mt trng thi khc. Di y l cu trc ca nhng polymer mang ni i lin hp quan trng.

Hnh 3.7: Cu trc ca nhng polymer mang ni i lin hp.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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3.2. Qu trnh dopant. c im th hai l s hin din ca dopant. Iodine l mt v d in hnh trong PA. Dopant c th l nhng nguyn t nh nh iodine (I2), chlorine (Cl2), nhng hp cht v c hoc hu c min l nhng cht ny c th nhn in t (electron acceptor) cho ra nhng ion m (anion) kt hp vi mch carbon ca polymer. Dopant cng c th l ion dng (cation). C ch dn in ca polymer dn in c th gii thch mt cch nh tnh bng hnh v (hnh 3.8). Khi dopant A nhn mt in t t polymer, mt l trng (+) xut hin. Khi mt dng in c t vo polymer, in t ca nguyn t C bn cnh nhy vo l trng ny v qu trnh c tip din nh th. S di chuyn ca in t ch l s di chuyn ngn, nhng nh s di chuyn ny l trng (+) c lin tc di ng dc theo mch polymer. L trng ny l mt phn polaron hay bipolaron. S di ng ca l trng xc nhn polaron/bipolaron l mt thc th ti in v l nguyn nhn ca s dn in ging nh in t trong kim loi. Thc nghim cho thy in t ca polymer ny c th nhy sang chim c l trng ca polymer k cn ri polymer k cn khc... Nh vy, l trng (+) c th di chuyn khp tt c cc v tr vt liu theo hng ca in p. Hnh di y cho thy rt r rng hai yu t cho s dn in trong polymer l: (1) ni lin hp v (2) dopant. Mt i mt trong hai s dn in khng xy ra.

Hnh 3.8: S chuyn ng ca in t (l) v l trng (+). Mt in t chim c mt obital pz.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C 11 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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Ni mt cch chnh xc hn, trong qu trnh tip xc gia PA v iodine, iodine nhn 1 in t trong 2 in t ca lin kt t PA tr thnh anion (I3)-, to ra 1 l trng mang in tch dng (+) v 1 in t cn li (k hiu ) trn mch PA. L trng (+) v in t () xut hin trn mch PA gi l polaron trong vt l. Mt cp polaron (+ +) l bipolaron. Quang ph hc (spectroscopy) xc nhn rng khi c mt dng in c p t vo polymer dn in, polaron v bipolaron di ng gia hai in p khc nhau. Ni mt cch khc, tng t nh in t t do trong kim loi, polaron v bipolaron l ht ti in cho s truyn in trong polymer dn in.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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PHN 4

PHNG PHP TNG HP POLYMER DN

Tri qua ba thp nin k t lc pht hin vo nm 1977, c hng nghn bo co khoa hc v bng pht minh m t v nhng cc phng php tng hp ca cc loi polymer dn in. Nhng nhn chung phng php tng hp c th chia lm hai phng php sau: - Phng php in ha. - Phng php ha hc. Phng php in ha to ra polymer dng phim v phng php ha hc to ra polymer dng bt. Nhng polymer dn in thng dng nh polypyrrole (PPy), polyaniline (PAn) v polythiophene (PT) c th c tng hp bng c hai phng php. Vi phng php in ha, phim polymer c thnh hnh trong mt bnh in gii n gin (Hnh 1), trong cht in gii l monomer (v d: pyrrole, aniline hay thiophene) v dopant c ha tan trong nc hay mt dung mi thch hp. Ti cc dng monomer b oxt ha kt hp dopant v ng thi trng hp thnh phim.

Hnh 4.1: Phng php in ha dng bnh in gii tng hp polypyrrole.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C 13 SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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Trong phng php ha hc, monomer, dopant v cht oxid ha (v d: FeCl3) c ha tan trong nc hoc dung mi. Phn ng trng hp xy ra cho polymer dng bt. Dopant c mt nh hng cc k quan trng n nhng tnh cht ca polymer bao gm: tnh cht vt l, ha hc, c hc, quang hc, tnh cht in v tnh bn nhit. V vy, s chn la dopant phi ph hp cho mi ng dng khc nhau. T khi polyacetylene (PA) dn in c tng hp (nm 1977) v n u thp nin 80 ca th k trc, cc loi polymer dn in phn ln khng hoc ha tan rt t trong dung mi. iu ny lm cn tr khng t vic bin ch cc vt liu ny vo nhng p dng thc tin, v trong qu trnh ch to nhng dng c hay linh kin cc vt liu phi c ha tan trong dung mi k c nc. Hn na trnh nhim mi trng, polymer phi ha tan c trong nc hoc dung mi khng mang c tnh. Trong vng 10 nm qua, nhng n lc ca cc nh ha hc gt hi c nhng thnh cng ln, bin nhng polymer dn in khng ha tan tr nn ha tan bng cch thay i iu kin tng hp hay gn nhng nhm bin (side group) thch nc hay dung mi vo monomer to ra nhng polymer dn xut.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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PHN 5

MT S NG DNG CA POLYMER DN IN
Polymer dn c lin kt lin hp trong h cho thy nhng tnh cht c trng nh nng lng chuyn in t thp, in th ion ho thp v c i lc in t cao. Nhiu kt qu nghin cu tnh cht cu hnh ca ca in t cho thy cc cu hnh ny c th b oxy ho hoc kh d dng, mt vi polymer dn c pht trin c th ng dng vo trong thng mi v d nh lm nguyn liu cho pin, thit b mt in t, cc cm bin sinh hc 5.1. ng dng ca polymer dn trong d tr nng lng. Ta thy rng mt s polymer dn tn ti nhiu dng khc nhau tu thuc vo mc oxy ho ca chng v loi vt liu dopant v in p ngoi nht nh. Do n c th tn ti dng oxy ha cao nht v nu n tn ti bn vng trng thi ny th ta c th chn n lm vt liu cho c qui. Khi s dng ta c th s dng n nh vt liu catt. Khi phng in th n chuyn dn t dng oxy ho sang dng kh v khi np y th n li chuyn dn t dng kh sang dng oxy ho cao nht. Yu cu i vi loi mng ny l c tnh thun nghch phi cao th n s cho s chu k phng np ln v iu ny nh hng n tui th ca c qui. 5.2. Lm it. Ta bit rng thit b chnh lu l thnh phn chnh v c bn ca mch in t. T khi polymer dn in c pht hin ra n c ng dng vo lm cht bn dn v c khong cm hp c nghin cu c th ng dng nghin cu polymer dn. Phng php c bn thay i dn in ca bn dn l la chn tnh cht vt tri chim u th c khng ch bi phu gia v n cho php to ra bn dn loi N hoc loi P v s ph thuc v khng gian, mc nng lng c gi cn bng mc d tn ti trng in t cao.
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Chiang to ra nhng tip xc P-N bi p sut tip xc cao ca mng polyacetylen loi P vi ph gia l Na v mng polyacetylen loi N vi ph gia l NaAsF5. Ta thy khi c hai cht bn dn loi P-N tip xc vi nhau th to ra mt thit b ch cho dng i theo mt chiu xc nh l chiu t PN v thit b gi l it. Do ch cn cc mng polymer dn in rt mng l ta c th to ra mt it.

Tnh cht in ca polypyrrole kim loi v polypyrrole cng c kho st v ngi ta nhn thy s tip xc gia N-P c to ra trn b mt polymer. Composite Alpolypyrrole c to ra bng phng php ny c coi l c tnh bn dn tt v c th p dng vo cng ngh. 5.3. Thit b iu khin logic. Mt s loi polymer dn c tnh cht in rt c bit n c dn tng rt nhanh khi p th vo do n c th c ng dng trong iu khin logic v to ra tn hiu dng s Trong tiu biu l composite PAN- Au ng cong ca mi quan h I-V ca n c dng sau:
I

Do c tnh ny m n c th ng dng trong iu khin logic. 5.4. Transitor hiu ng trng.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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Thit b hiu ng trng c ng dng ci tin hot ng ca thit b bn dn thng thng, hiu ng trng trong mng polymer s iu khin dng v bng cch n m ra hot ng ca transitor m khng cn cc tip xc N-P. Hin tng ny khng ch cung cp cc c tnh ca thit b m cn cung cp cng c nghin cu cht bn dn v n iu khin dng gia ngun v knh dn qua cng. Hot ng ca transitor hiu ng trng c s dng trong iu khin logic.

Au SiO2-insulate

Au

5.5. it pht quang. it pht quang polymer c pht trin rng ri t khi khm ph ra hin tng in pht quang t mng PPV. Polymer dn in bit n nh vt liu pht quang in th. N c s dng thay th cho vt liu pht quang v c, cho php s dng trn b mt rng v n cng c c tnh l rt nh v do u im chnh ca vt liu ny l hiu ng ngm v bc sng b gii hn bi s thay i ho hc, in th vn hnh thp, d gia cng, chi ph thp v c th to ra cc thit b c din tch ln mu sc pht ra trong vng trng thy. Do c im ca polymer dn c tng hp pht ra nh sng ngang qua ph pht x vng quan st c v c h s lng t cao. Cch tnh n gin nht to ra PLED (polymer light emitting diode) l mt cu trc gm c nn thu tinh ph ITO nh ant dn in trong sut, lp polymer
GVHD: TS. L MINH C SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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ngoi v ca tt kim loi, nhng l trng in t c thm vo bi cation v anion tng ng trn lp polymer pht quang. 5.6. Sensor. Sensor cung cp thng tin trc tip v thnh phn ho hc v mi trng. N gm nhng thay i vt l v lp c kh nng chn lc. Trong mt vi sensor qu trnh thay i c chia thnh hai phn: chn lc v nhn dng, khuch i n v lm tng tn hiu ca nng lng ti mc m ti c th thun tin pht ra tn hiu dng. Kh nng chn lc chnh l tri tim ca sensor n cung cp cc tng tc chn lc ca cc dng thay th v kt qu l dn n thay i thng s ca dng, dn, cng sng, khi lng, nhit sensor da trn polymer dn c chng minh l c th p dng thnh cng. Polypyrrole v polythiopheno ch ra s thay i dn khi tip xc vi c kh oxy ha v kh kh. 5.7. Thit b i mu in t. Thit b i mu in t s dng polymer dn v ang l vn nghin cu cho nhiu ng dng thc t. Trong qu trnh nghin cu v polymer dn cc nh khoa hc thy rng c mt s polymer c s thay i mu sc khi chuyn t dng oxy ho ny sang dng oxy ha khc hoc dng kh. Do bng cch thay i in p vo mng ta c th thay i trng thi ca mng polymer v t thay i mu sc ca mng Ngoi ra polymer dn cn c nhng tnh cht rt c bit nh tnh t, tnh siu dn v rt nhiu c tnh khc cn nghin cu v kho st thm.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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KT LUN
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc k thut, nhm p ng cho nhu cu ngy a dng v mi mt con ngi to ra c cc loi vt liu tin tin, thng minh. Trong vt liu polymer dn in l mt sn phm in hnh. So vi cc loi vt liu dn in truyn thng polymer dn in c nhiu tnh cht u vit hn c bit l tnh thn thin vi mi trng. Tuy nhin trong thc t th polymer dn in ch c s dng cho mt s ng dng ch khng c s dng rng ri trong i sng hng ngy. S d tn ti nghch l ny l bi v vt polymer dn in l vt liu mi c khm ph, th hai l do qu trnh tng hp kh phc tp. Chnh v iu ny yu cu t ra l phi tm ra cc phng php tng hp cc loi hp cht dn in n gin nht. Hy vng trong tng lai khng xa polymer dn s l vt liu dn in chnh thay th cho cc kim loi dn din truyn thng ang ngy cng cn kit do s khai thc qu mc ca con ngi.

GVHD: TS. L MINH C

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. TS. Trng Vn Tn. Chuyn gia cao cp Vin nghin cu cng ngh v Quc phng c. in t v v polymer dn in. 2. TS. Trng Vn Tn. Chuyn gia cao cp Vin nghin cu cng ngh v Quc phng c. Polymer dn in v nhng p dng thc tin. 3. TS. L Minh c. i hc Bch khoa Nng. Tng hp vt liu nano composite dng v - li trn c s polymer dn in polypyrrole. TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 5(28).2008. 4. http://phanminhchanh.info/home/modules.php?name=News&op=viewst&sid=194 1 5. http://www.nsl.hcmus.edu.vn/greenstone/collect/tiensifu/archives/HASH96d3.dir/5 .pdf 6. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927796X00000292&usg=__8

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SVTH: PHAN NH THANH