Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TI HA HC:
Ph lc
3-MCPD (Trong tng) Asen (Trong ko, nc,) Clenbuterol (Thuc tng trng trong tht) DDT (Trong rau qu) 10 Formaldehyde (Trong bnh ph, c, ) Hn The (Trong gi ch, m,) Hir perxt (Bin mc thi thnh mc ti) Lu Hunh (Trong mng, min,tht, thuc ng y,...) Melamin (Trong sa) Rhodamine_B (Thuc nhum ht da) Tinopal (Lm trng bn) Ur (C trong thc phm: tht, c, ) Sodium Dithionite (Ty trng gi, bnh a) Sudan (Trong trong tng t) Mt ong c cha chloramphenicol Pin trong bnh chng Thng tin ng dc thc phm do ha cht Danh sch nhm 3 5 8 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 24 25 26 28 30 33
Ngi tiu dng cng khng nn hoang mang khi mt s bi bo quy kt cho vic gia tng bnh nhn ung th l do 3-MCPD gy ra. V mt nguyn tc khi i sng pht trin, iu kin chm sc y t tt th t l ngi cht v ung th s tng ln. Nguyn nhn su xa nm ch, khi iu kin chm sc sc kho tt ln, t l ngi cht v nhng bnh thng thng s gim i, nh tui th cng cao hn. Khi tui th cao t l mc bnh ung th cng tng.
Khi lng ring, 5727 kg/m, 3,5 cng B ngoi Tnh cht nguyn t Khi lng nguyn t 74,92160(2) .v. Bn knh nguyn t 115 (114) pm (calc.) Bn knh cng ho tr Cu hnh electron e- trn mc nng lg 119 pm [Ar]3d104s24p3 2, 8, 18, 5 mu xm kim loi
Trng thi xi ha 5, 3, 1, -3 (axt (xt) nh) Cu trc tinh th Tnh cht vt l Trng thi vt cht im nng chy im si rn 1.090 K (1.503 F) th 887 K (1.137 F) hp mt thoi
I. c trng ng ch
Asen v tnh cht ha hc rt ging vi nguyn t ng trn n l phtpho. Tng t nh phtpho, n to thnh cc xt kt tinh, khng mu, khng mi nh As2O3 v As2O5 l nhng cht ht m v d dng ha tan trong nc to thnh cc dung dch c tnh axt. Axt asenic (V), tng t nh axt phtphoric, l mt axt yu. Tng t nh phtpho, asen to thnh hirua dng kh v khng n nh, l arsin (AsH3). S tng t ln n mc asen s thay th phn no cho phtpho trong cc phn ng ha sinh hc v v th n gy ra ng c. Tuy nhin, cc liu thp hn mc gy ng c th cc hp cht asen ha tan li ng vai tr ca cc cht kch thch v tng ph bin vi cc liu nh nh l cc loi thuc cha bnh cho con ngi vo gia th k 18. Khi b nung nng trong khng kh, n b xi ha to ra trixt asen; hi t phn ng ny c mi nh mi ti. Mi ny cng c th pht hin bng cch p cc khong vt asenua nh asenopyrit bng ba. Asen (v mt s hp cht ca asen) thng hoa khi b nung nng p sut tiu chun, chuyn ha trc tip thnh dng kh m khng chuyn qua trng thi lng. Trng thi lng xut hin p sut 20 tmtphe tr ln, iu ny gii thch ti sao im nng chy li cao hn im si. Asen nguyn t c tm thy nhiu dng th hnh rn: dng mu vng th mm, do nh sp v khng n nh, v n lm cho cc phn t dng t din As4 tng t nh cc phn t ca phtpho trng. Cc dng mu en, xm hay 'kim loi' hi c cu trc kt tinh thnh lp vi cc lin kt tri rng khp tinh th. Chng l cc cht bn dn cng vi nh kim. T trng ring ca dng mu vng l 1,97 g/cm; dng 'asen xm' hnh hp mt thoi nng hn nhiu vi t trng ring 5,73 g/cm; cc dng kim khc c t trng tng t.
Mt mu cha asen
II.c tnh
Lc Scheele hay asenat ng, c s dng trong th k 19 nh l tc nhn to mu trong cc loi bnh ko ngt. Vic s dng asen trong lm gi thc phm dn ti ng c ko Bradford nm 1858, gy ra ci cht ca khong 20 ngi v lm khong 200 ngi khc b bnh do ng c asen. Asenat hir ch tng c s dng nhiu trong th k 20 lm thuc tr su cho cc loi cy n qu. Vic s dng n i khi to ra cc tn thng no i vi nhng ngi phun thuc ny. na cui th k 20, asenat methyl mononatri (MSMA), mt dng hp cht hu c t c hi hn ca asen thay th cho vai tr ca asenat hir ch trong nng nghip.
(Fe3O4). S dng din tch b mt ring ln ca cc tinh th nano Fe3O4 th khi lng cht thi gn lin vi loi b asen t nc gim ng k.
n nhiu tht heo d b tch ly cht kch thch tng trng - nh: minh ha.
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Thuc tnh CT cu to M
Nhit si
Tnh tan
Tc hi ca Foocmon:. Gy nhng triu chng cp tnh: - Kch thch gy cai nim mc mt, mt - Kch thch ng h hp trn gy chy mi, vim thanh qun, vim ng h hp, hen ph qun, vim phi. Gy ngt th nu hp thu nng 1/20000 trong khng kh. - L tc nhn gy vim da tip xc, vim da d ng, ni m ay. - Tc hi trn ng tiu ha: lm chm tiu, ri lon tiu ha, vim lot d dy, vim i trng... - Khi tip xc, hoc n phi vi mt hm lng cao c th gy t vong. 11
CH2O 30.026 g/mol -92 C (nguyn cht) 15 C (37% dung dch) -21 C (nguyn cht) 96 C (37% solution) D tan trong nc
2. L tc nhn gy ung th nhiu c quan trong c th: gia tng t l ung th xoang mi, ung th ng h hp c bit l mi, hng, phi, ung th ng tiu ha... Nu b nhim formaldehyde nng thng qua ng h hp hay ng tiu ho cc hin tng sau y c th xy ra: Vim lot, hoi t t bo, cc biu hin nn ma ra mu, i a chy hoc i ra mu v c th gy t vong trong vi pht do try tim mch, vi cc triu chng khc km theo nh au bng, i ma, tm ti. 30ml l liu lng c th gy ra cht ngi. Hm lng formol cao c th lm suy gim h min dch, thm ch c th gy t vong khi n chuyn ho thnh axt formic lm tng axt trong mu, gy th nhanh v th gp, b h nhit, hn m. Mc c ca formol tng dn nhit cao; tuy nhin khi nhit thp, kh formaldehyde c th chuyn thnh paraforomaldehyde- mt loi ho cht rt c.
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*c tnh:
Hn the khi s dng c o thi phn ln qua nc tiu (80%), qua tuyn m hi (3%), qua phn (1%), cn li tch ly trong c th. Hn the tch ly nhiu nht gan v c ri n tim, phi, d dy, thn, rut Khi n nhiu hn the, s c hin tng kh tiu, chn n, mt mi, gy ng c mn tnh, nng hn cn c nguy c thoi ha c quan sinh dc, lm suy yu kh nng sinh sn v gy tn thng cho bo thai. Do hn the b cm s dng t lu ti nhiu nc, trong c VN.
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Cng thc phn t Phn t gam Biu hin Thuc tnh T trng v pha 1,4 g/cm3, lng ha tan trong C th trn ln nc Dng ha cht bin mc thi thnh mc im nng chy -11 C (262 K) ti (Trch Dn tr) im si 141 C (414 K) Mc ng lnh c bc sch, cho vo thng nc pKa 11,65 ri vo na cn mui, 1/3 cy v 250ml pKb ha cht hydrogen peroxide. Trong s nhng thng nht 1,245 cP 20 C mc cha c ty ra c thng bc mi v y di, b... Vo khong 9h15 sng ngy 29/6/2009, on kim tra lin ngnh gm Phng Cnh st mi trng Cng an TP, thanh tra S Y t, Y t d phng, Chi cc Thy sn H Ni v Chi cc An ton v sinh thc phm TP bt ng kim tra ti khu ch thy sn ti sng nm trong khun vin ch u mi Long Bin (H Ni). Thi im ny, 2 ki t c a ch 05 - G2B ca ng L Cng Thng v ki t 08 - G2B ca b L Th Ni ang c hng chc cng nhn tt bt bn mt my ly tm, ngm v lm trng hn 500kg mc ti chun em ra th trng tiu th. Tt c s mc ny u khng r ngun gc xut x v c ng trong cc bao b c in ch nc ngoi, ht thi hn s dng t nm 2005 - 2006. Theo li khai ban u ca cc cng nhn, mc ng lnh ly t trong kho ra s c bc sch sau cho vo thng c cha nc ri na cn mui, 1/3 cy v khong 250ml ha cht hydrogen peroxide vo ngm trong vng 1 ting. Sau , mc c a ra ra sch, ng vo thng xp em i tiu th. Tin hnh kim tra cc kho ng lnh, lc lng chc nng pht hin c mt h thng my quay to lc ly tm lm trng mc. Theo cc cng nhn, mc khi ly t trong cc thng hng qu t ra s ch cho thng vo my ri ha cht hydrogen peroxide - mt loi ha cht ty trng cng nghip - vo. Vo thi im on kim tra yu cu m kho ng lnh, mt vi my quay ly tm vn ang lm vic. Tt my i mt thi gian kh lu, dung dch trong my vn si ln mt th bt trng nh x phng. Gn rt nhiu thng ng ha cht v ang s dng by la lit. Khm xt nhng thng mc ang lm d, on kim tra pht hin c thng bt u bc bi thi v xut hin di, b.
Hir perxt Hir_dixt hirperxt H2O2 34,01 g/mol Cht lng trong sut
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Sau khi x l khi lng khng l mc km phm cht, cc li thng ch thng n cc nh hng v cc ch nh trn a bn thnh ph tiu th. Hin cc mu mc c cc c quan chc nng thu gi phn tch.
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Lu hunh trong thc phm: Mng, min kh l nhng thc phm in hnh ca vic b lm dng lu hunh. Theo tin s Nguyn Duy Thnh, Vin Khoa hc cng ngh sinh hc thc phm (H Bch khoa H Ni), khi lu hunh b t chy s thnh cht sunfur (SO2), l cht ty mnh gip tiu dit nm mc, su mt. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh xng khi, lu hunh s lu li trn thc phm, lm thc phm b cng, thay i mu sc, mi v v gim hot cht. Ngoi ra, SO2 gp hi m trong phi thnh H2SO3 (axit sunfur) l cht xy ha, nh hng n phi v h thn kinh nn rt c i vi ngi trc tip sn xut. c bit, khi b xng, sy th phn t SO2 v SO3 s ngm vo thc phm. Nhng phn t ny kt hp vi nc to thnh axit sunfuric, kt hp vi cc cht khc trong thc phm s to thnh nhng tinh th c bn vng cao... Nu chng tn d nhiu trong c th th c th gy ung th. Nhiu ngi ung ng dc phn nh thuc b chua v c mi lu hunh do dc liu b nhim lu hunh v thuc tr su qu nhiu.
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Melamin l mt baz hu c t tan trong nc c cng thc ha hc l C3H6N6, danh php theo IUPAC l 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine. V thut ng, theo ting c t Melamin xut pht t hai thut ng ha hc kt hp li l Melam (l mt sn phm dn xut sau khi chng ct amoni thiocyanat) v Amin. Melamin l trime ca cyanamid, ging nh cyanamid, phn t ca chng cha 66% nit theo khi lng. Melamin c chuyn ha t cyromazine trong c th ca ng thc vt. Melamin kt hp vi axit cyanuric to thnh melamin cyanurat.
Tn khc Nhn dng S CAS PubChem SMILES Thuc tnh Cng thc phn t Phn t gam B ngoi T trng im nng chy im si ha tan trong nc
Tng hp
Melamin c Liebig tng hp ln u tin vo nm 1834. u tin canxi cyanamid c chuyn thnh dicyandiamid sau un nng n trn nhit nng chy to thnh melamin. Tuy nhin, hin nay cc quy trnh sn xut melamin trong cng nghip u dng ur theo phng trnh phn ng sau: 6 (NH2)2CO C3H6N6 + 6 NH3 + 3 CO2 Phn ng c din gii theo hai bc sau. u tin ur phn hy to thnh axit cyanic v ammoni, y l phn ng thu nhit: 6 (NH2)2CO 6 HCNO + 6 NH3 Sau axit cyanic polyme ha to thnh melamin v kh carbon dioxit: 6 HCNO C3H6N6 + 3 CO2 Phn ng sau l ta nhit, nhng xt ton b qu trnh l phn ng thu nhit.
[108-78-1] 7955
Nc1nc(N)nc(N)n1
C3H6N6 126.12 g/mol Cht rn mu trng 1574 kg/m3 350 C, 623 K, 662 F Sublimes 3.1g/l (20C)
ng dng
Melamin khi phn ng vi formaldehit to thnh keo melamin. Melamin cng c s dng trong ngnh cng nghip phn bn. Khi trn ln vi mt s nha, chng to thnh hn hp c kh nng chng chy do khi chy chng gii phng ra mt lng kh nit.
c tnh
Hin c t nghin cu v c ca melamine gy ra vi con ngi. Cc nghin cu ng vt cho thy rng LD50 ca melamine chut > 3000 mg/kg. Bn thn Melamin c c tnh thp, nhng khi chng kt hp vi axit cyanuric s gy nn si thn do to thnh hp cht khng tan melamin cyanurat. n melamine c th dn n tc hi v sinh sn, si bng quang hoc suy thn v si thn, c th gy ung th bng quang.
Thng 9 nm 2008, pht hin mt s loi sa dnh cho tr em sn xut ti Trung Quc c nhim cht melamin. Tnh n ngy 22 thng 9 c hn 53.000 tr em lm bnh v hn 12.000 em phi nhp vin, trong s c 4 ngi t vong v s dng cc sn phm sa ny. Vic thm Melamin vo sa do nh sn xut c dng lm tng hm lng protein biu kin trong sa v melamin vn c hm lng nit cao. n nay ngoi Trung Quc, nhiu nc khc cng pht hin cc sn phm c ngun gc lm t sa cng b nhim cht melamin. V hu ht cc nc ny cm nhp khu sa v cc sn phm ch bin t sa ca Trung Quc.
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Tn IUPAC [9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-diethylamino-3-xanthenylidene]diethylammonium chloride Tn khc Rhodamine 610, C.I. Pigment Violet 1, Basic Violet 10, C.I. 45170
Nu n ht da nhum Rhodamine lu di s gy suy gan, thn v c bnh ung th Thuc tnh Cng thc phn t: C28H31ClN2O3 Ngay c vic nhum qun o bng cht Rhodamine M 479.02 B ngi ta cng rt e ngi, v nu mc qun o m Nhit nng chy 210 - 211 C (Decomposes) vn cn tn d ca cht nhum ny c th gy ng tan ~50 g/l th da cho ngi mc. V th, vic c tnh nhum Rhodamine B vo ht da hay bt c thc phm no l iu khng th chp nhn c. Khi nhum ht da bng cht ny, ngi ta pha long ri ht da vo trn ln, sau em phi kh. Cha ni cht ny c th qua v da ngm vo bn trong ht m ch cn cn ht da, tip xc v da dnh ho cht ny cng rt nguy him. S tch t lu ngy trong c th cht ny trc ht gy tn thng gan, thn, lu dn gy ung th. Cn vi nhng ngi gan km, s o thi qua gan km c th gy d ng tc th, biu hin l ni mn trn da, xung huyt.
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Tinopal khng nh hng tng hp DNA trong vi trng E. Coli, trong khi RNA v tng hp bch n (protein synthesis) b ngn chn tc thi. Tinopal ngn chn tng hp beta galactosidase, khc vi tng trnh trc y cho rng Tinopal km hm NADH dehydrogenase. Ngoi ra, trong th nghim, chuyn ha DNA t tuyn c (calf thymus) bng E. Coli RNA Polymerase, cng b ngn chn (Hin gi th M, FDA cha cho php dng Tinopal trong thc phm. S dng bt c mt ha cht no trong n phi c khoa hc kim chng rng ri.)
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Ur
Thc phm c bo qun bng Ur : *ng ngi hn na trong my nm gn y c nhiu ngi kinh doanh thc phm, thy hi sn ti Biu hin sng s dng phn ur trn vi p lnh hoc xt T trng trc tip vo tht, c bo qun thc phm, c th gy Nhit nng chy ng c cho ngi tiu dng. Khi n phi cc loi tht c, hi sn c cha d lng phn ur cao ti mt mc no , ngi n c th b ng c cp tnh vi cc triu chng au bng d di, bun nn, nn, tiu chy nhiu ln... rt nguy him. Cn nu tan n phi thng xuyn, nay mt t, mai mt t, v lu di ngi n s b ng c mn tnh, vi cc du hiu mt ng ko di, au u, nhc mi c th, gim tr nh, v.v... S d ngi ta dng phn bn ur trong bo qun tht, kim (pKb) c, hi sn... v n c tc dng km hm s pht trin ca vi khun nn c kh nng ko di thi gian bo qun, gi thc phm ti lu khng b n thi, nhng tc hi ca vic lm dng phn bn ny rt ln. Nhng tht, c, c bo qun bng phn bn ur sau d c c ra i ra li bao nhiu ln vn khng loi b c ht cc dn sut c hi ca ur ngm su vo trong thc phm. khch hng khng pht hin c vic lm bt hp php ny, trc khi em bn nh hng ngm nc ra tht k nhng tht, c c bo qun bng ur nn nhiu ngi khng bit vn mua v dng. Nhng n khi ch bin, nu ln mi nhn thy mi kh chu bc ln t thc phm. Mn n khng nhng mt hng v, kh n m cn c nhiu cht c, khng ch amoniac m c c axit cyanuric v axit cyanic l nhng cht c rt nguy him. hn ch tc hi ca vic lm dng ur trong bo qun thc phm, khi mua tht, c, hi sn cn kim tra, quan st k, ch mua nhng thc phm m bo, kin quyt khng mua nhng loi nghi ng c
CH4N2O 60.06 g mol1 Cht rn khng mi, mu trng 1.32 g/cm3 132.7135 C 108 g/100 ml (20 C) 167 g/100 ml (40 C) 251 g/100 ml (60 C) 400 g/100 ml (80 C) 733 g/100 ml (100 C) pKBH+ = 0.18
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bo qun ur. Khi chn lc v ch bin cn ch phn bit mi amoniac t nhin trong thc phm mi bin cht (thng c t, bc hi rt nh) vi mi amoniac t ur bc ln mnh khi un nng. Nu pht hin thy mua nhm phi thc phm c bo qun bng phn bn ur nn loi b khng dng na v n cng mt ngon m cn c hi. Thy hi sn ti sng s dng phn ur trn vi p lnh hoc xt trc tip vo tht, c bo qun.
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156-158 C
Tn IUPAC 1-((4(phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)diazenyl)naphthalen-2ol
Sudan IV (C24H20N4O)
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Tn khc Sudan R, C.I. Solvent Red 24, C.I. 26105, Lipid Crimson, Oil Red, Oil Red BB, Fat Red B, Oil Red IV, Scarlet Red, Scarlet Red N.F, Scarlet Red Scharlach, Scarlet R
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- To bn, c th ko di 3-30 ngy sau khi n phi mt ong cha bo t. - Tr tr nn b ph, mt mi, chn n, khc yu trong vi ngy tip theo. - Sau giai on ny, tr c th thm n tr li, l lc bnh qua nh im v bt u thoi lui. - Nu bnh tip tc tin trin, tr s ngy cng t vn ng v c th bt u chy nc di, phn x b km. - Mt du hiu quan trng na l tr bng nhin tr nn mm ot, khng gi c u nh trc, khng c du hiu phn x trn mt. - Mt s trng hp b kh th v lit c honh. Ngng th hon ton c th xut hin ngay hoc t t. Nhng bnh nhi k trn cn c chm sc c bit v h hp v dinh dng. Nu iu tr ng, a s tr phc hi hon ton (thng thng bc s khng cn dng n khng sinh hay khng c t). Vic b m cng lm gim nng ca bnh. Nn bit: bo t clostridium botulinum cng c trong thc phm cha nu chn hoc khi tr tip xc vi t ct v bi bm. Nn phi cn trng khi nu n cho tr v hn ch cc ni m thp, bi bn. Bin php an ton - Khng cho tr di 1 tui n mt ong cho d c bit c sn phm ny xut x t ni an ton. Thn trng vn l tt nht. - Khng cho mt ong vo thc n hay nm v ca tr. Nn dng ng trng hoc ng tri cy.
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Tc hi
Thc s Trn Th Thu Tr cng cho bit: cc cht t pin ch yu l kim loi nng nh ch (Pb), thy ngn (Hg), cadmium (Cd) v thch tn (As)... Ch c bit c hi i vi no v thn, h thng sinh sn v h thng tim mch ca con ngi. Nhim c ch s gy hi n cc chc nng ca tr c, thn, gy v sinh, sy thai v tng huyt p. c bit, ch l mi nguy hi vi tr em. Mt s nghin cu cho thy nhim c ch lm gim ch s thng minh (IQ) ca tr. Mt s nh gi ca cc nh khoa hc cho thy c 10mg/dl tng v ch trong mu s gy gim 1-5 im IQ i vi tr em b nhim ch. Nhim ch lm h thn kinh lun cng thng v ri lon tp trung ch tr em t 7-11 tui. tui trung nin, nhim c ch s lm huyt p tng gy nhiu ri ro v cc bnh tim mch. Vic nhim ch mc d mc thp cng s b ng c cao. Cadmium rt nguy him, ch cn mt lng 30-40g cng gy cht ngi. Do lng cadmium thi ra khi c th con ngi rt chm (0,1% trong mt ngy m) nn d din ra qu trnh ng c mn tnh. Nhng triu chng sm nht ca n l tn thng thn v h thn kinh, c albumin trong nc tiu, ri lon chc nng cc c quan sinh dc, sau thy au d di xng sng lng v xng. in hnh l ri lon cc chc nng phi. Cadmium cng c th l nguyn nhn gy ung th. Cn thy ngn i vo no v gy h hng nhiu cu trc bao myeline ca dy thn kinh. N lm gim kh nng tr tu cng nh ri lon tnh tnh v thi , ng thi lm suy yu min dch. Ng c cp tnh thch tn gy nn ma, au bng tiu chy, kht nc d di, mch p yu, b tiu v c th dn n t vong. Ng c mn tnh da mt xm, tc rng, vim d dy rut, au tai, au mt...
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D hm lng nhiu hay t, ngi nu bnh tuyt i khng nn cho pin vo bi pin l sn phm cng nghip, khng phi sn phm thc phm nn ha cht lm pin khng tun theo cc tiu chun sn phm dnh cho thc phm, thc s Tr khng nh.
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Thc n, nc ung l ngun thc phm dinh dng cho c th con ngi v ngun nng lng, protein, cc vitamin v cc cht vi lng, khi thc phm b nhim ha cht vi nng qu mc cho php s gy ra ng c, nguy him cho c th; khng ch l nhng triu chng ng c cp tnh do cc c quan b tn thng nh d dy, rut m cn c kh nng tch ly, tn lu ha cht trong c th gy c hi cho t bo, bin i gen gy ung th ha I.Cc ng nhim ha cht vo thc phm: 1. Con ng nhim ha cht vo thc phm th ng: Cc loi kim loi nng nh arsenic, ch, mangan, cht phng x c sn trong t, nc ging khoan, nc ging khi. Con ngi dng nc ung, n trc tip, hay thng qua n cc cy, c, ng vt; c nhim ha cht gy ng c, v d: cy qu trng trong vng t c nhiu ha cht nhm clo hu c (DDT, Dioxin), c sng ti vng nc c nhiu cht thy l thy ngn, ngi n c s b ng c thy ngn, hoc n s hn, tm cua bin c th ng c arsenic do vng bin c nhiu arsenic. 2. Nhim ha cht vo thc phm ch ng: Do con ngi to ra nhm: tng l nhun thu hoch, chng su bnh, bo qun thc phm lu di, mu sc hp dn ngi tiu th. - Ph bin l cc ha cht bo v thc vt, cc ha cht tr su, tr nm do s dng khng ng k thut khng m bo thi gian cch ly ca cc ha cht c thi gian phn hy di, thu hoch qu nhanh v sm. - Cc ha ht bo qun qu, c chng su, mt, th, cc cht nhn cho vo bnh, cc cht lm rn, gin thc phm (bn, bnh ph, gi ch) nhng li gy c, khng c php dng, cc phm mu hp dn (bnh ko) - S dng cc thc n chn nui c sn cc ha cht tn d, cc khng sinh (streptomycin, chloramphenicol) cc hormon (clenbuteron) trong tht heo, b v c trong thc phm bin v sa ung. - Dng cc ph gia khng trong danh mc qui nh ca nh nc, cc cht kch thch gi tng trng, cc phm mu c hi (Sudar, I V IV), cc cht to ngt nhn to qu mc trong cc loi bnh ko, nc ngt, nc chm. - Cc ha cht c to ra trong qu trnh ch bin thc n (un qu nng du ht ci trong cho ln bc khi c benzen, acrolein, fomaldehyde v aldehyde nhng cht ny l nguyn nhn gy ung th, bch cu cao trong tng lai gn. - Cc ha cht c nh NH3, N2S, indol, phenol scatil, betain hay histamin c trong thc phm tht sa b i thiu. - Do dng c cha ng, ch bin thc phm cn tn d cc cht ty ra nhim vo thc phm (dng nc Javel ty xoong, cho, chn bt cha lm sch). II/ Cc ha cht c hay gy ng c thc phm: 1. Nhm ha cht bo v thc vt (dit su b, nm mc...) a. Nhm phospho hu c, cn gi l ln hu c c phun dit su b cho loi rau thu hoch nhanh l: Diazinon, Dichlorovos, Bi 58, Wofatox, monnitor Dipterex, parathion
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b. Nhm clor hu c: (dit su, b) tn d trong t rt lu (nhiu nm) nh: DDT, 666, lindan, clodan, heptachlor, Nerei stoxin (shachoogdan, shachoongsoong): cc c. c. Nhm khc: - Nhm Carbamat: Cartap, Carbaryl, Fenobucarb. - Nhm Pyrethroit: cypermethrin, Feupropathrin. d. Nhm ha cht dit chut: - Phospho km (Forkeba) - Wafarin (Diphacinone) - Sodium fluoroacetamide: ha cht dit chut Trung quc cc c. - Triazin (ha cht dit chut Trung quc cc ) e. Ha cht dit c (cho cy c ph, cy ch, vi, mn) - 2,4 D - 2,4,5T (Dioxin) - Parquat v diquat III/ Cc thc phm d nhim ha cht c: 1.Rau, qu: ha cht bo v thc vt, ha cht bo qun 2. Cc loi thy sn: nhim kim loi nng (thy ngn, arsenic, mangan0, cc khng sinh v hocmon tn d 3. Bnh, ko, nc ngt: nhiu cc cht ph gia ngt nhn to, phm mu b cm 4. Thc phm ch bin: bn bnh ph, nc ngt, gi ch (cc cht c hn the, formaldehyde) phm mu, cht to ngt, cht bo qun 5. Cc loi tht v ph tng: tn d khng sinh, hocmon v ha cht bo qun c formaldehyde IV/ Du hiu v triu chng ng c thc phm nhiu ha cht c lin quan n: 1.n ung cc loi thc phm, nc ung c cc yu t nguy c nhim: + Thc phm khng r ngun gc, nhp lu, khng c du tem kim tra kim sot ca cc VSATTP. + Thc phm lu qu thi hn bin cht, c mu, mi khc bit, thc phm mua cc hng rong, qun mt ng khng c giy php kinh doanh. + cc vng dch t v ha cht nhim (nh my ha cht kho ha cht, a im s dng nhiu ha cht) 2. Ngi b ng c sau khi n ung thc phm c ha cht thng c triu chng cp tnh t vi pht n vi gi nh: + y bng, au bng, lm vng bun nn v nn lin tc, sau i ngoi nhiu ln, mt v kht nc. + Cc triu chng v thn kinh thc vt: xanh nht v m hi, lnh, tng tit nc bt, co ng t vt v, co git, ri lon nhp tim, triu chng i t, v niu, vng da. + Ly mu thc phm cn li, cht nn t d dy ngi bnh, xt nghim mu, nc tiu ti cc Trung tm Chng c hay cc phng xt nghim ln c th tm thy c cht v nng c cht trong c th. V/ X tr cp cu:
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1.Gi li cc thc phm nghi ng c, cc cht nn t d dy, nu bnh nhn khng nn c c th gy nn bng cch dng mt tampon ngoy nh vo thnh bn hng. 2. Sau 2, 3 ln nn ht thc phm trong d dy th cho bnh nhn ung nc c pha orezol, khong 100- 200ml/ 1 gi, trong 24 gi hi phc li nc v in gii b mt do nn. 3.Cho ung than hot bt vi liu 50gam bt than hot pha vi 250ml nc, khuy u ri ung 1 ln. Nu bnh nhn khng i ngoi th cho ung thm 20 gam sorbitol nhun trng. Than hot bt l mt loi thuc hp ph c cht trong d dy, ngn cn s hp th c cht qua thnh rut vo mu, tuy nhin than hot li gy to bn do phi dng thuc nhun trng l sorbitol. + Nu ngi bnh cn nn khan v au bng c th cho tim 1 ng Atropin (1/4 mg) vo bp tht hay di da. + Hoc cho ung thuc bng b d dy gastropulgit hay phospholugit (1- 2 gi/ 5 gam). + Khng phi gi in thoi xin t vn ca bc s hay Trung tm Chng c, hoc chuyn n mt n v y t gn nht. + Nu : m cho ngi bnh, pha nc cho ng v mui cho bnh nhn ung lin tc( t 2- 4 lt trong 24 gi) 4. D phng ng c thc phm do nhiu ha cht: + La chn thc phm c yu t nguy c nhim thp nht: - Thc phm c du nhn lim sot v sinh an ton thc phm. - Thc phm trong cc siu th ln. - Rau qu mua v phi ra nc nhiu ln, gt v k, khng nn n rau sng. - Ngun nc n (ging khoan, nc my) nn c xt nghim kim tra trc bo m ngun nc khng b nhim. + Khng dng thc phm khng r ngun gc, nhp lu: - Khng dng thc phm trong cc qun rong, mt ng nhim. - Khng dng thc phm, nc ung ng trong cc thng cha l v ng ha cht. - Khng m bo sch hoc gn cc l, hp, thng ng ha cht. - Khng ng ha cht vo cc v chai nc ung thng thng v d xy ra tai nn ung nhm. Trch t ti liu: Ng c thc phm nguyn nhn v cch phng trnh ca B Gio Dc v o To nm 2007.
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