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TI
MACCA N HONG CA QU KH
101C700314
101C700108
101C700208
101C700108
Nm 2011
1
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IM
TN GV
C Tuyt Ngc
LI GII THIU
Cy Macca c ngun gc t Australia, c pht hin nm 1857 v c
trng thnh cng nm 1858. Cho n nay, n c coi l cy trng tr nht trong
lch s trng cy lm nghip ca loi ngi, c trng Australia, M, Braxin,
Kenya, Costa Rica, Nam Phi, Trung Quc, Thi Lan vi din tch trn 50.000 ha,
sn lng khong 100.000 tn/nm.
Trong thi gian gn y, cy Macca (Macdamia) c nhiu h nng dn
cc vng Ty Bc v Ty Nguyn a vo trong m hnh trng xen. Ti k Nng,
m hnh trng Macca xen trong vn c ph bc u cho thy nhng hiu qu
tt, m ra trin vng pht trin cy Macca ti k Nng.
Macca l loi cy trng mi cn mang tnh th nghim nn nng sut gia
cc ging l khng ng u, c cu ging trong vn cn c c cy thc sinh, cy
ghp v cy gim cnh. Tuy nhin, bc u c th khng nh rng Macca l cy
trng c gi tr kinh t cao, t su bnh v c tnh thch nghi rng, khng kh trng,
khng i hi u t qu nhiu, c th trng xen vi nhiu loi cy khc nh c ph,
ch, u .
I.
C S L LUN
M.
integrifolia
Carbohydrates
7,9 g
Cht bo
74,0 g
* Cht bo bo ha: 10,0 g
* Cht bo khng bo ha n: 60 g
* Polyunsaturated cht bo: 4,0 g
Protein
9,2 g
Vitamin B 6
0 mg (0%)
Vitamin C
0 mg (0%)
Vitamin E
4 mg (27%)
Canxi
64 mg (6%)
St
2 mg (15%)
Magnesium
0 mg (0%)
Photpho
241 mg (34%)
Kali
410 mg (9%)
Km
0 mg (0%)
T l
Sinh
ra hoa
trng (cm)
(m)
(m)
trng
(%)
Lm H 2010 0,6-0,7
0,5-0,6
Kh
1,8-2
5-6
2,5-3,5
Kh
5-6
3,5-4,5
15
Kh
Kh
trung bnh 4,5m. Sn lng trung bnh t 4,8 kg ht/ cy; cao hn cy trng Thi
Lan, Australia ( 1 4 kg ht/ cy ) v tng ng vi cy trng Hawaii M ( 3
5 kg ht/ cy ) ( O Hare et.al., 2003).
Ring i vi m hnh trng cy Macca ghp xen trong vn c ph, chui ti
x Tn Lm, huyn Di Linh c kt qu sinh trng pht trin tt nht; cy Macca
trng t nm 2004 trn din tch 0,3 ha ( 75 cy, trng vi khong cch 6 x 6m ),
ng knh gc trung bnh 12cm 15 cm, cao trung bnh 5 6m, ng knh tn 3,5
4,5m, hin c khang 18% s cy bt u c hoa (c cy c vi bng, c cy c
gn trm bng ), hoa mu trng, mi cnh c t 3 4 gi bng di 15-25cm, mi gi
bng c khong 100 150 hoa. Mt s m hnh c qu, mi chm 3-5 qu (ng
knh qu khong1cm), do l cy trng mi nn nng h cha ch u t chm sc
nn ch thu hach c 2-4 kg ht/cy. c bit m hnh nng h n Dng
trng cy t ht nm 2006 c bng nm th 2, hoa mu hng nht, ra hoa khp tn
cy.
Nng sut ht
Cy Macca ghp sau khi trng 3-4 nm
cho qu, khong 5- 6 nm c th
bt u thu hoch. n nm th 12- 15
nng sut ht khong 3 tn/ha, nng sut
nhn t 1 tn/ha, gi bn 150.000
ng/kg s thu 150 triu ng/ha. Bc
sang thi k nh hnh, nng sut ht c
th t trn 5 tn/ha th mt ha Macca c
th to ra gi tr trn 300 triu /nm.
Cy Macca c chu k cho ht t 50 60 nm, do cy yu cu kht khe trn
th trn th gii. Sn lng ti thiu phi t 5 tn/ ha ( cy t 10 14 tui ).
Vi ging ghp mi, Macca mi ha trng t 400 cy n 500 cy. Trng sang
nm th 4 Lm ng, thu hach ht kh mi cy trn di 10 k. T nm th 5
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n nm th 8, sn lng mi cy tng ln n 30 k. n nm th 10 tr i, t l
khng nh, s cy s thu t nh 100 k
III. NH GI TIM NNG CA CY MACCA TRONG TNG LAI
V KT LUN:
1. Tim nng pht trin cy Macca trong tng lai:
Pht trin cy Macca khng ch em li thu nhp cao cho nng dn k Nng m
cn c ngha trnh ri ro khi c canh c ph, tiu ng thi gip a dng ha c
cu cy trng, a dng ha mt hng xut khu. Vi c im chu hn tt, Macca
vn sinh trng trong iu kin t trng thiu nc, ht sc c li cho mi
trng, c th lm cy che bng cho c ph, hoc trng thnh rng nhng vn
cho thu nhp khng nh hng nm.
Trng Macca ang m ra c hi mi cho nng nghip k Nng. Nm 2010,
Trung tm Khuyn nng Khuyn ng tnh ch trng tin hng xy dng 11ha m
hnh ti cc huyn k Rlp, Tuy c, k Glong, k Mil. Vi s u t mnh
cho m h nh cy trng cng nghip mi ny, v ng tin trong tng lai khng xa,
Macca s tr thnh loi cy c gi tr xut khu cao.
Theo nghin cu ca Trung tm Khuyn nng Khuyn ng k Nng, vic a
vo trng i tr loi cy ny cng cn c bc kho st, xem xt k lng iu kin
thi tit, kh hu tng vng c th, nu khng s khng t hiu qu nh mong i.
Bn cnh , a loi cy trng ny vo sn xut v tr thnh sn phm xut khu
ch lc, cc ngnh chc nng tnh k Nng cn qung b, tm kim th trng tiu
th sn phm.
2. KT LUN
Trng Macca ang m ra c hi mi cho nng nghip vng Ty Nguyn ni ring v
c nc ni chung, nht l nhng a bn thiu nc hoc th nhng khng ph
hp trng c ph, h tiu. Pht trin cy Macca ha hn trin vng lm giu cho
ngi nng dn. Tuy nhin, theo nghin cu ca Vin KHKTNLN Ty Nguyn, vic
a vo trng i tr loi cy ny cng cn c bc kho st, xem xt k lng iu
kin thi tit, kh hu tng vng c th.
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Kh nng trng v pht trin Macca tai klk v Ty nguyn l rt kh thi, tuy
nhin cn pht trin mt cch bn vng cy Macca , khng nn lm o o theo kiu
phong tro. Ty Nguyn c nhiu tiu vng sinh thi (kh hu, th nhng) rt ph
hp vi cy Macca, m bo cho cy Macca c th sinh trng v pht trin tt, a
li hiu qu kinh t cao v bo v mi trng..
Quay tr li vi cy Macca ngy nay, chng ta cn tnh to v khng hp tp na, th
m chm mt nm cho vic tham quan hc hi, cn hn nhanh m mi nm khng
c g !
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