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Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright Nin kha 2007-2008

Cc phng php phn tch

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Chng trnh ging dy kinh t Fulbright Hc k thu nm 2007 Cc phng php phn tch Ti liu pht thm Phn tch nhn t khm ph (Exploratory Factor Analysis) bng SPSS Gii thiu v phn tch nhn t khm ph Thao tc thc hin c kt qu Nhn s Cc phn tch khc sau khi thc hin phn tch nhn t

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1. Gii thiu Phn tch nhn t khm ph l mt phng php phn tch thng k dng rt gn mt tp gm nhiu bin quan st ph thuc ln nhau thnh mt tp bin (gi l cc nhn t) t hn chng c ngha hn nhng vn cha ng hu ht ni dung thng tin ca tp bin ban u (Hair & ctg, 1998) V d: Th & ctg (2005) o lng c s h tng u t ca tnh Tin Giang thng qua 12 bin quan st (in n nh, nc n nh chi ph lao ng r). 12 bin quan st ny c rt gn thnh 3 nhn t. Ba nhn t mi c t tn l: c s h tng, mt bng, lao ng. Stt Bin quan st 1 in n nh 2 Nc n nh 3 Thot nc tt 4 Gi in hp l 5 Gi nc ph hp 6 Thng tin lin lc thun tin 7 Giao thng thun li 8 Gi thu t hp l 9 Chi ph n b, gii to tho ng 10 Mt bng sp xp kp thi 11 Lao ng di do 12 Chi ph lao ng r Ngun: Th &ctg, 2005, 49 C s h tng .59 .69 .65 .62 .59 .58 .59 .27 .13 .14 .16 .08 Nhn t Mt bng .09 .06 -.01 .26 .18 .21 .22 .65 .86 .83 .16 .04 Lao ng .31 .16 -.11 .10 .17 -.01 .11 .07 .09 .08 .80 .86

2. Thao tc thc hin Bn hy m file chat luong khoa hoc thac si va su hai long cua hoc vien.sav. y l mt phn d liu kho st cht lng kho hc thc s v s hi lng ca hc vin cao hc ca mt trng i hc khi kinh t TPHCM. Bn cu hi (trch) tng ng vi b d liu ny c nh km phn ph lc. Bn cu hi ny da trn nn tng l thuyt v thang o CEQ (Course Experience Questionnaire) do Ramsden xut trong nh gi cht lng kho hc ca nn gio dc Uc v c hiu chnh thng qua nghin cu nh tnh.

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Cc phng php phn tch

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Hnh 1. Cc bin c khai bo

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Cc phng php phn tch

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Hnh 2. D liu c nhp

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Cc phng php phn tch

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Bc 1. T thanh menu ca SPSS. Chn Analyze Data Reduction Factor Hnh 3

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Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright Nin kha 2007-2008

Cc phng php phn tch

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Hnh 4 Khi hp thoi Factor Analysis xut hin. + a cc bin cn phn tch nhn t vo khung Variables + Sau ln lt chn cc nt Descriptives Extraction Rotation Options Scores v nh du chn cc mc ph hp (khi cn)

Hnh 5 Khi chn Descriptives. Hp thoi nh Hnh 5 xut hin. nh du chn KMO and Bartletts test of sphericity (nu cn)

Hnh 6. Khi chn Extraction. Hp thoi nh Hnh 6 xut hin. Trong bi hc, ta s dng phng php trch mc nh ca SPSS l Principal components Mt phng php hay c s dng khc l Principal axis factoring

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Hnh 7 Khi chn Rotation. Hp thoi nh Hnh 7 xut hin. Dnh du chn Varimax nu phng php trch l Principal components nh du chn Promax nu phng php trch m bn chn Hnh 6 l Principal axis factoring

Hnh 8

Khi bm nt Options, hp thoi Factor Analysis: Options xut hin. Trong hp thoi ny: +Chn Sorted by size sp xp cc bin quan st trong cng mt nhn t ng gn nhau +Chn suppress absolute value less than nu khng th hin cc trng s nhn t c tr tuyt i nh hn mt gi tr no (v d: 0.3)

Hnh 9 Khi bm nt Scores, hp thoi Factor Analysis: Factor Scores xut hin. Chn Save as variables nu bn mun lu li nhn s ( chun ho) ca tng nhn t

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3. c kt qu Hnh 10. Bng Ma trn nhn t xoay trong kt qu EFA ln 1


Rotated Component Matrix(a) Component 1 gss5 gss2 gss6 gqs4 gss1 gss4 gqs5 gqs3 gqs6 gss3 gqs2 gqs1 lcs5 lcs3 lcs2 cgss1 cgss4 cgss2 lcs1 cos1 lcs4 cos2 cgss3 cos7 cos8 cos6 cos5 cos3 cos9 cos4 lrs5 gts6 gts4 gts3 gts2 gts5 gts1 lrs1 lrs2 lrs3 lrs4 aws3 aws1 aws2 aws4 ims3 ims2 ims1 ims4 gss7 gss8
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

2 .763 .708 .708 .705 .697 .660 .641 .624 .620 .579 .574 .535 .668 .646 .644 .625 .620 .601 .589 .570 .568 .545 .518

.727 .724 .723 .658 .645 .567 .486 .473 .689 .633 .615 .596 .580 .555 .743 .706 .656 .596 .805 .795 .743 .569 .671 .655 .575 .493 .769 .766

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

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a Rotation converged in 7 iterations.

Trong bng kt qu Hnh 10, c bao nhiu ct tc l c by nhiu thnh phn chnh (nhn t) c rt ra. C 8 nhn t c rt ra. Cc con s trong bng Rotated Component Matrix(a) gi l cc Factor loading, hay h s ti nhn t, hay trng s nhn t. Nu trong Hnh 8, bn khng nh du chn suppress absolute value less than th Hnh 10, trn mi dng, mi bin quan st s c 8 Factor loading mi ct tng ng. (Nu chn phng php trch Principal axis factoring, thay v xem bng Rotated Component Matrix, bn hy xem bng Pattern Matrix) Trong v d ny, Hnh 10 ch hin th Factor loading ln nht ca mi bin quan st ti mi dng ( n gin). Trn mt dng nht nh, ch c 1 con s. Con s ny chnh l factor loading ln nht ca bin quan st nm dng . Bin quan st vari c factor loading ln nht nm ti ct no th bin quan st vari thuc v nhn t . Bin gss7 c factor loading ln nht bng 0.769 v bin gss8 c factor loading ln nht bng 0.766; hai con s ny v tr ca ct s 8, nn nhn t th 8 gm c hai bin quan st l gss7 v gss8. Nhn t th 4 bao gm 6 bin quan st l gts1, gts2, gts3, gts4, gts5,gts6 v Factor loading ln nht ca tng bin quan st ny nm ct s 4. Tng t nh vy, bn s bit c mi nhn t gm c nhng bin quan st no. Hay ni cch khc, bn s bit c bin quan st bt k s nm nhn t th my (cng c trng hp Factor loading mang du m, lc ny bn nh ly tr tuyt i ca n) Mt tiu chun quan trng i vi Factor loading ln nht cn c quan tm: n phi ln hn hoc bng 0.51 . Hnh 10 cho thy, Factor loading ln nht ca ba bin bin quan st cos4, lrs5, v ims4 u nh hn 0.5. V vy, cc bin ny khng tho mn tiu chun trn. Bn c nn loi cng lc 3 bin ny ra khng? Khng nn. Bn nn loi t tng bin quan st mt. Bin no c factor loading ln nht m khng t nht s b loi ra trc. Factor loading ln nht ca lrs5 bng 0.473; nh hn hai con s cn li (0.486 v 0.493). Loi bin lrs5 ra, s c th tnh hnh c ci thin hn. Thc hin EFA tng t nh cc bc trn, nhng khng c bin lrs5, bng kt qu s nh Hnh 11. Hnh 11 cho thy sau khi loi bin lrs5. Cc bin quan st u c factor loading ln nht t 0.5 tr ln. Cng c tc gi quan tm n tiu chun khc bit h s ti nhn t ca mt bin quan st gia cc nhn t 0.3 m bo gi tr phn bit gia cc nhn t2.

Theo Hair & ctg (1998,111), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice-Hall International, Inc, Factor loading l ch tiu m bo mc ngha thit thc ca EFA (ensuring practical significance). Factor loading > 0.3 c xem l t c mc ti thiu, Factor loading > 0.4 c xem l quan trng, > 0.5 c xem l c ngha thc tin. Hair & ctg (1998,111) cng khuyn bn c nh sau: nu chn tiu chun factor loading > 0.3 th c mu ca bn t nht phi l 350, nu c mu ca bn khong 100 th nn chn tiu chun factor loading > 0.55, nu c mu ca bn khong 50 th Factor loading phi > 0.75 2 Jabnoun & Al-Tamimi (2003) Measuring perceived service quality at UAE commercial banks, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, (20), 4

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Hnh 11. Bng Ma trn nhn t xoay trong kt qu EFA ln 2


Rotated Component Matrix(a) Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 gss5 .760 gss2 .716 gss6 .707 gqs4 .706 gss1 .700 gss4 .668 gqs5 .646 gqs3 .625 gqs6 .618 gqs2 .580 gss3 .578 gqs1 .537 lcs5 .670 lcs2 .644 lcs3 .643 cgss1 .624 cgss4 .620 cgss2 .598 lcs1 .588 cos1 .571 lcs4 .571 cos2 .543 cgss3 .514 cos7 .735 cos8 .729 cos6 .720 cos5 .659 cos3 .652 cos9 .581 cos4 .509 gts6 gts4 gts3 gts2 gts5 gts1 lrs1 lrs2 lrs3 lrs4 aws3 aws1 aws2 aws4 ims3 ims2 ims1 ims4 gss8 gss7 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a Rotation converged in 7 iterations.

.695 .637 .621 .603 .575 .546 .753 .706 .642 .555 .805 .792 .747 .569 .685 .666 .594 .510 .769 .764

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Cc phng php phn tch

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Nh vy cc bin quan st a vo EFA c rt gn thnh 8 nhn t. Bn cng bit c mi nhn t gm c nhng bin quan st no. Ngi phn tch s xem cc bin quan st trong mi nhn t l nhng bin no, c ngha l g, v cng cn da trn l thuyt t t tn cho nhn t. Tn ny cn i din c cho cc bin quan st ca nhn t. Nhn t th nht gm c 12 bin quan st sau:
gss1 Kha hc pht trin k nng gii quyt vn ca ti gss 2 Kha hc lm cho k nng phn tch ca ti c su sc hn gss 3 Kha hc gip ti pht trin kh nng lm vic nhm gss4 Nh tham d kha hc, ti cm thy t tin trc nhng vn ang cn tr, hay nhng vn mi gss5 Kha hc ci thin k nng vit trong khoa hc ca ti gss6 Kha hc pht trin kh nng lp k hoch cng vic ca bn thn ti gqs1 Trng khuyn khch ti say m, am m trong vic hc su hn na, vi bc hc cao hn na gqs2 Kha hc cung cp cho lnh vc kin thc ca ti mt quan im rng hn gqs3 Qu trnh hc khuyn khch ti nh gi c nhng th mnh, nhng kh nng ca ti gqs4 Ti hc p dng nhng nguyn tc, kin thc c hc vo nhng tnh hung mi gqs5 Kha hc gip ti t tin khm ph nhng vn mi gqs6 Ti cho rng nhng g ti c hc c gi tr cho tng lai ca ti

Di gc l thuyt, cc bin quan st ny thuc thnh phn Pht trin nhng k nng chung (Generic Skills Scale) v Cht lng tt nghip (Graduate Qualities Scale). Bn c th t tn cho nhn t th nht l Cht lng tt nghip & pht trin cc k nng chung hoc c th mt tn khc nh pht trin kin thc k nng thi vi ngh nghip Nhn t th hai gm c 11 bin quan st
lcs1 Ti cm thy mt b phn hc vin, ging vin, nhn vin cam kt thc hin tt vic vic hc tp, nghin cu, ging dy v phc v vic dy - hc lcs2 Ti c th tm hiu nhng vn hng th trong khoa hc vi i ng ging vin, v cc hc vin trong trng lcs3 Ti cm thy tin tng nhng ngi khc trong trng khi cng h khm ph nhng tng lcs4 Nhng tng v nhng ngh ca hc vin c s dng trong qu trnh hc lcs5 Ti cm thy mnh cng thuc v cng ng i hc cgss1 Cc tiu chun, yu cu ca vic hc tp/nghin cu c bit n mt cch d dng cgss2 Ti thng bit r nhng k vng ca ti v kha hc, v iu m ti cn lm cgss3Ti tch cc khm ph v thc hin nhng g ngi ta mong i ti trong kha hc cgss4 i ng ging vin lm r nhng g h k vng v yu cu hc vin t bui hc u tin ca mn hc cos1 Nhng hot ng lin quan n vic t chc kha hc c thc hin tt cos2 Ti nhn c nhng thng tin, li khuyn hu ch ln k hoch hc tp nghin cu ca mnh

Cc bin quan st ca nhn t th hai lin quan n thnh phn Cng ng hc tp (Learning Community Scale), Mc tiu & tiu chun r rng (Clear Goals and Standards Scale), v hai bin quan st ca thnh phn T chc kha hc (Course Organisation Scale). N lin quan n vn vn ho hc tp; trng i hc cn to ra mt mi trng hc vin c th cm nhn c ni y thc s l cng ng hc tp v nghin cu. Bn c th t tn nhn t l Cng ng hc tp v tn ny phn nh kh r cc bin quan st trong nhn t, v vn gi c mt khi nim

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mang tnh l thuyt ca thang o CEQ, hoc bn cng c th s dng mt tn khc nh Vn ha hc tp Nhn t th ba bao gm 7 bin quan st (t cos3 n cos9), v c th c t tn l chng trnh o to
cos3 Cc mn hc trong chng trnh c t chc mt cch c h thng cos4 Kha hc c s linh hot, mm do hp l p ng c nhu cu ca ti cos5 Ti c cc la chn v cc mn hc m ti mun hc cos6 Cc mn hc hin i, nng cao trong chng trnh rt a dng cos7 S lng cc mn hc trong chng trnh rt ph hp cos8 Cc mn hc trong chng trnh t c su v kin thc cos9 Khoa sau i hc p ng c cc yu cu ca ti

Nhn t th t bao gm 6 bin quan st ca thnh phn ging dy tt, v tn ca n vn l ging dy tt (Good Teaching Scale)
gts1 i ng ging vin (GV) ca kha hc ng vin, thc y ti thc hin tt nht cng gts2 vic hc tp nghin cu ca mnh gts2 i ng GV dnh nhiu thi gian bnh lun, gp v vic hc tp nghin cu ca ti gts3 i ng ging vin n lc hiu c nhng kh khn m ti c th gp phi trong qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu gts4 i ng GV thng cho ti nhng thng tin hu ch v vic ti nn lm g tip tc gts5 Cc ging vin gii thch iu g u rt r rng, d hiu gts6 i ng GV lm vic tn ty, nghim tc lm cho cc ch ca h tr nn hng th

Nhn t th nm bao gm cc bin quan st ca Ngun lc hc tp (Learning Resources Scale)


Mc ng Ngun ti liu trong th vin p ng c nhu cu ca ti Thit b cng ngh thng tin phc v ging dy &hc tp hot ng c hiu qu Nh trng lm r nhng ti liu no sn c h tr vic hc tp ca ti Ti liu hc tp r rng v sc tch Cc ti liu hc tp ca kha hc thch hp, v c cp nht
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7

Nhn t th su bao gm cc bin quan st ca thnh phn Khi lng cng vic hp l (Appropriate Workload Scale)
aws1 Ti lng hc tp khng qu nng n aws2 Ti khng ch thi gian hiu nhng iu ti buc phi hc, m cn c th dnh aws3 thi gian nghin cu thm cc ti liu tham kho khc aws4 Khng c qu nhiu p lc trong hc tp, nghin cu aws5 Khi lng cng vic trong kha hc hp l c th lnh hi c kin thc

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Nhn t th by bao gm cc bin quan st ca thnh phn Thc y tri thc khoa hc (Intellectual Motivation Scale) nh thang o CEQ l thuyt. Tn ca n vn l Thc y tri thc khoa hc
ims1 Ti nhn thy qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu ca ti rt hng th v mt tri thc khoa hc ims2 Ti cm thy c ng c hc tp tt khi tham d kha hc ims3 Kha hc khin ti hng th hn trong lnh vc khoa hc ims4 Ni chung qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu ca ti rt ng gi

Nhn t th tm bao gm hai bin quan st v c t tn l pht trin k nng ngoi ng & tin hc
gss7 Kha hc pht trin k nng s dng ngoi ng ca ti gss8 Kha hc pht trin k nng tin hc ca ti

Ngoi ra, khi phn tch nhn t, ngi ta cn quan tm n cc kt qu ca KMO v kim nh Bartlett; Phng sai trch (% bin thin c gii thch bi cc nhn t). Hnh 12. Bng KMO v kim nh Bartlett sau khi EFA ln 2
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square df Sig. .946 7711.045 1225 .000

KMO l mt ch tiu dng xem xt s thch hp ca EFA, 0.5KMO1 th phn tch nhn t l thch hp. Kim nh Bartlett xem xt gi thuyt Ho: tng quan gia cc bin quan st bng khng trong tng th. Nu kim nh ny c ngha thng k (Sig 0.05) th cc bin quan st c tng quan vi nhau trong tng th (Trng & Ngc, 2005, 262)

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Hnh 12

Trong hnh Hnh 12, bn quan tm n mt con s ct cui cng ca dng s 8 (v c 8 nhn t c rt ra). Con s ny l 66.793. Ngi ta ni phng sai trch bng 66.793%. Con s ny cho bit tm nhn t gii thch c 66.793% bin thin ca cc bin quan st (hay ca d liu) C mt tiu chun i vi phng sai trch. Hair & ctg (1998) yu cu rng phng sai trch phi t t 50% tr ln3.

Gerbing & Anderson (1988), An Update Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporing Unidimensionality and Its Assessments, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.25, 186-192 cng yu cu phng sai trch phi ln hn hoc bng 50%.

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Cu hi thc hnh 1 Khi EFA i vi cc bin quan st oss1, oss2, oss3 ta c kt qu nh sau. Bn hy cho bit nhn xt ca mnh?
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square df Sig. .718 429.515 3 .000

Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Total % of Variance Cumulative % 2.504 83.477 83.477 .351 11.711 95.187 .144 4.813 100.000 Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % 2.504 83.477 83.477

Component 1 2 3

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

a Component Matrix

Component 1 oss1 Noi chung, toi a cam thay hai long ve chat lng cua khoa hoc oss2 Khoa hoc a ap ng c nhng c nhng hy vong cua toi oss3 Hien nay, trng la "ni hoan hao ve ao tao thac s " theo suy ngh cua toi Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 1 components extracted. .941 .929 .869

a Rotated Component Matrix

a. Only one component was extracted. The solution cannot be rotated.

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4. Nhn s Khi EFA, trong hp thoi Factor Analysis, bn c th chn nt Scores, sau nhp chn Regression lu li nhn s ca nhn t mt cch t ng. Nhn s tnh theo cch ny c chun ha (khng c n v). N thch hp nht nu bn s dng cc nhn s phn tch hi quy, v kim nh mi quan h nh hng ca cc bin c lp n bin ph thuc; v rt thch hp nu cc bin quan st c n v tnh khc nhau. Nu bn s dng cc nhn s ny thc hin cc thng k m t, t-test, ANOVA th khng nn v gi tr trung bnh ca n bng 0, v kh gii thch; trng hp ny, bn nn tnh nhn s ca nhn t bng cch tnh trung bnh cng ca cc bin quan st thuc nhn t, hoc bng cch tnh tng ca cc bin quan st cng nhn t (ch s dng cch ny khi cc items c cng n v o lng). Hnh 13 Cc bin mi c t ng to ra lu li nhn s

Cu hi thc hnh 2: bn hy tnh h s tng quan cp gia FAC1_1, FAC2_1, FAC3_1, FAC4_1_1, FAC5_1, FAC6_1, FAC7_1, FAC_8, h s tng quan cp gia cc cp bin ny bng bao nhiu?

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Gi s bn mun tnh nhn s bng phng php trung bnh cng ca cc bin quan st thuc nhn t. V d, bn bit rng nhn t th t -ging dy tt - gm c 6 bin quan st t gts1 n gts6. Tnh nhn s ca nhn t ny v lu vo bin F4. Bin F4 c th s dng i din cho 6 bin quan st gts1, gts2, gts3, gts4, gts5, gts6. T thanh Menu ca SPSS, chn transform\compute variable sau khai bo nh Hnh 14 Hnh 14. Tnh nhn s ca nhn t th t - ging dy tt

Hnh 15. Nhn s ca nhn t bn c tnh bng cch trung bnh cng

Tng t, bn s tnh nhn s ca nhn t 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 v lu vo cc bin tng ng F1, F2, F3, F5, F6, F7, F8. Kt qu EFA trong phn cu hi thc hnh cho thy cho oss1, oss2, oss4 c nhm thnh 1 nhn t. Gi s rng bn lu nhn s ca nhn t s hi lng trong bin OS Hnh 16. Nhn s tnh bng phng php trung bnh

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5. Cc phn tch khc sau khi thc hin phn tch nhn t T kt qu ca EFA, bn c th tip tc thc hin nhiu phn tch khc. V d nh Cronbachs Alpha, T-test, ANOVA, Hi quy, o lng a hng, phn cm Su bin F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6 c th i din c cho rt nhiu bin quan st o lng cht lng kho hc thc s. Sau khi thc hin phn tch nhn t, bn c th s dng cc bin F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, OS thc hin cc phn tch khc. Hnh 17.

Nghin cu ca Ostergaard v Kristensen (2005) cho thy mc hi lng chung ca sinh vin chu nh hng bi nhiu yu t, trong c cht lng phn cng, v cht lng phn mm ca chng trnh hc. Trong lnh vc gio dc i hc4, cht lng o to nh hng n s hi lng (Thurau, 2001). Kabanoff (2003) cng cho rng 5 nhn t cc k nng chung, ging dy tt,
4

Bao gm c bc o to i hc, thc s, tin s

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mc tiu v tiu chun r rng, khi lng cng vic hp l, nh gi hp l nh hng t l thun n mc hi lng. Gi s bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh bi, bn mun xem xt trong cc yu t t F1 n F6, yu t no thc s tc ng n OS mt cch trc tip. Kt qu hi quy sau cng nh sau:
Model Summary
Model 1 R .856a b. Dependent Variable: OS R Square .732 b Std. Error of the Estimate .68894

Adjusted R Square .727

a. Predictors: (Constant), F7, F3, F2, F1

ANOVA b
Model 1 Regression Residual Total b. Dependent Variable: OS Sum of Squares 267.611 97.776 365.387 df 4 206 210 Mean Square 66.903 .475 F 140.954 Sig. .000a

a. Predictors: (Constant), F7, F3, F2, F1

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Ti liu pht thm

Coefficients a
Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) F1 F2 F3 F7 a. Dependent Variable: OS B -.313 .211 .177 .437 .189 Std. Error .213 .067 .068 .055 .057 .188 .151 .436 .193 Standardize d Coefficients Beta t -1.469 3.148 2.616 7.882 3.293 Sig. .143 .002 .010 .000 .001 .214 .179 .481 .224 .113 .094 .284 .119 2.736 2.575 2.356 2.639 Collinearity Statistics VIF

Correlations Partial Part

Cu hi thc hnh 3: Vi kt qu hi quy trong phn ny, m hnh hi quy c du hiu b vi phm cc gi nh ca hi quy tuyn tnh khng? Trong cc nhn t nh hng n OS, nhn t no nh hng quan trng nht, nh, ba, t?

Scatterplot
Histogram

Dependent Variable: muc do hai long


Dependent Variable: Mc o hai long
50

Regression Standardized Residual

40

Frequency

30

20

-2

10 Mean =1.04E-16 Std. Dev. =0.99 N =211 -4 -2 0 2

-4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3

Nu bn c nh s dng kt qu phn tch nhn t khm ph EFA thc hin cc phn tch nh CFA (Confirmatory Factor Analysis), SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) th trong qu trnh thc hin EFA, bn nn chn phng php trch Principal axis factoring vi php xoay Promax. Phn tch nhn t ngy cng c s dng nhiu trong cc lnh vc nghin cu: t qun tr, marketing, tm l hc, x hi hc, mi trng, khoa hc hnh vi, chnh sch cng v kinh t pht trin. Hy vng rng, ti liu ny s h tr bn mt phn no trong qu trnh hc tp.
Ti liu tham kho
AUN_The Australian National University (2005), Graduate Destination Survey And Course Experience Questionnaire 2004 SPSS Inc (2006), SPSS 15.0 Base Users Guide Nguyn Khnh Duy, Nguyn Vn S, V Th Phng Anh, L Thnh Nhn (2007), Kho st s hi lng ca hc vin trng H Kinh t TPHCM v cht lng o to thc s, ti NCKH, Trng H Kinh t TPHCM. Hair, Anderson, Tatham, black (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentical-Hall International, Inc. Harris K.L, James R. (2006) The Cource Experience Questionnaire, Graduate Destinations Survey and Learning and Teaching Performance Fund in Australia higher education, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, sn c ti www.unc.edu/ppaq/docs/CEQ-final.pdf (20/09/2006)

Regression Standardized Residual

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Cc phng php phn tch

Ti liu pht thm

Ostergaard Dean Peder, Kristensen Kai (2005), Drivers of student satisfaction and loyalty at different levels of higher education (HE) cross-institutional results based on ECSI methodology, The Aahus School of Business, Denmark, sn c ti http://forskningsbasen.deff.dk/ddf/rec.external?id=hha9903 (01/03/2006) Ramsden (1991), A performance indicator of teaching quality in higher education: the Course Experience Questionnaire, Studies in Higher Education, 16, 129-50 Ramsden (1999), The CEQ-looking back and forward. In: The Course Experience Questionnaire Symposium 1998, eds T Hand and K Treambath, DETYA, Canberra. Roger Gabb (2004), The CEQ, SES, and SET questionnaires, Victoria University. Sn c ti: http://ceds.vu.edu.au/set/pdf/CEQ%20SES%20and%20SET.pdf (28/04/2006) Schumacker Randall E. & Lomax Richard G. (2006), A biginners guide to Structural Equation Modeling, Lawrence Erlbaum associates, publisher, London Nguyn nh Th, Phm Xun Lan, NguynTh Bch Chm, Nguyn Th Mai Trang (2005), iu tra nh gi thc trng mi trng u t tnh Tin Giang v xut cc gii php huy ng ngun lc x hi u t pht trin, ti NCKH, S Khoa hc & cng ngh Tnh Tin Giang Hong Trng & Chu Nguyn Mng Ngc (2005), Phn tch d liu nghin cu vi SPSS, NXB Thng K Thurau T. H., Langer M., F. Hansen U. (2001), Modeling and Managing student loyalty an approach based on the concept of relationship quality, Journal of Service Research, Vol 3, No.4, May 2001

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Cc phng php phn tch

Ti liu pht thm

Ph lc

BN PHNG VN HC VIN CAO HC


Thn gi qu anh/ch hc vin, Chng ti l nhng thnh vin nhm nghin cu v cht lng o to thc s ca nh trng, rt mong anh/ch dnh t thi gian in vo bn phng vn ny. Nhng thng tin m anh/ch cung cp s gip ch cho nh trng rt nhiu trong vic nng cao cht lng o to thc s. Xin chn thnh cm n; v cho php chng ti c gi n qu anh/ch li chc sc khe, thnh cng, v hnh phc!

I. CHT LNG KHA HC THC S


Anh/ch vui lng nh gi mc mc ng ca anh/ ch i vi mi pht biu di y. Quy c rng i t ti trong cc cu hi (cc pht biu) l anh/ch, v im ca cc thang o nh sau:
Thang o mc ng 1. Rt khng ng 2. Khng ng 3. Hi khng ng 4. Phn vn, khng bit c ng hay khng (trung lp) 5. Hi ng 6. ng 7. Rt ng (pht biu hon ton ng) Ging dy tt (Good Teaching Scale) i ng ging vin (GV) ca kha hc ng vin, thc y ti thc hin tt nht cng vic hc tp nghin cu ca mnh i ng GV dnh nhiu thi gian bnh lun, gp v vic hc tp nghin cu ca ti i ng ging vin n lc hiu c nhng kh khn m ti c th gp phi trong qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu i ng GV thng cho ti nhng thng tin hu ch v vic ti nn lm g tip tc Cc ging vin gii thch iu g u rt r rng, d hiu i ng GV lm vic tn ty, nghim tc lm cho cc ch ca h tr nn hng th Pht trin nhng k nng chung (Generic Skills Scale) Kha hc pht trin k nng gii quyt vn ca ti Kha hc lm cho k nng phn tch ca ti c su sc hn Kha hc gip ti pht trin kh nng lm vic nhm Nh tham d kha hc, ti cm thy t tin trc nhng vn ang cn tr, hay nhng vn mi Kha hc ci thin k nng vit trong khoa hc ca ti Kha hc pht trin kh nng lp k hoch cng vic ca bn thn ti Kha hc pht trin k nng s dng ngoi ng ca ti Kha hc pht trin k nng tin hc ca ti Mc ng
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Cht lng tt nghip (Graduate Qualities Scale) Trng khuyn khch ti say m, am m trong vic hc su hn na, vi bc hc cao hn na Kha hc cung cp cho lnh vc kin thc ca ti mt quan im rng hn Qu trnh hc khuyn khch ti nh gi c nhng th mnh, nhng kh nng ca ti Ti hc p dng nhng nguyn tc, kin thc c hc vo nhng tnh hung mi Kha hc gip ti t tin khm ph nhng vn mi Ti cho rng nhng g ti c hc c gi tr cho tng lai ca ti

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7

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Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright Nin kha 2007-2008

Cc phng php phn tch

Ti liu pht thm

Mc tiu &tiu chun r rng (Clear Goals and Standards Scale) Cc tiu chun, yu cu ca vic hc tp/nghin cu c bit n mt cch d dng Ti thng bit r nhng k vng ca ti v kha hc, v iu m ti cn lm Ti tch cc khm ph v thc hin nhng g ngi ta mong i ti trong kha hc i ng ging vin lm r nhng g h k vng v yu cu hc vin t bui hc u tin ca mn hc Khi lng cng vic hp l (Appropriate Workload Scale) Ti lng hc tp khng qu nng n Ti khng ch thi gian hiu nhng iu ti buc phi hc, m cn c th dnh thi gian nghin cu thm cc ti liu tham kho khc Khng c qu nhiu p lc trong hc tp, nghin cu Khi lng cng vic trong kha hc hp l c th lnh hi c kin thc Ngun lc hc tp (Learning Resources Scale) Ngun ti liu trong th vin p ng c nhu cu ca ti Thit b cng ngh thng tin phc v ging dy &hc tp hot ng c hiu qu Nh trng lm r nhng ti liu no sn c h tr vic hc tp ca ti Ti liu hc tp r rng v sc tch Cc ti liu hc tp ca kha hc thch hp, v c cp nht Cng ng hc tp (Learning Community Scale) Ti cm thy mt b phn hc vin, ging vin, nhn vin cam kt thc hin tt vic vic hc tp, nghin cu, ging dy v phc v vic dy - hc Ti c th tm hiu nhng vn hng th trong khoa hc vi i ng ging vin, v cc hc vin trong trng Ti cm thy tin tng nhng ngi khc trong trng khi cng h khm ph nhng tng Nhng tng v nhng ngh ca hc vin c s dng trong qu trnh hc Ti cm thy mnh cng thuc v cng ng i hc Thc y tri thc khoa hc (Intellectual Motivation Scale) Ti nhn thy qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu ca ti rt hng th v mt tri thc khoa hc Ti cm thy c ng c hc tp tt khi tham d kha hc Kha hc khin ti hng th hn trong lnh vc khoa hc Ni chung qu trnh hc tp, nghin cu ca ti rt ng gi

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 7 7 7 7

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 7 7 7 7

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7

T chc kha hc (Course Organisation Scale) Nhng hot ng lin quan n vic t chc kha hc c thc hin tt Ti nhn c nhng thng tin, li khuyn hu ch ln k hoch hc tp nghin cu ca mnh Cc mn hc trong chng trnh c t chc mt cch c h thng Kha hc c s linh hot, mm do hp l p ng c nhu cu ca ti Ti c cc la chn v cc mn hc m ti mun hc Cc mn hc hin i, nng cao trong chng trnh rt a dng S lng cc mn hc trong chng trnh rt ph hp Cc mn hc trong chng trnh t c su v kin thc Khoa sau i hc p ng c cc yu cu ca ti

Mc ng
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 7

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Cc phng php phn tch

Ti liu pht thm

II. MC HI LNG CHUNG


Anh/ch vui lng nh gi mc ng ca mnh vi cc pht biu sau. Quy c: 1 l Rt khng ng , , 7 l Rt ng
Mc hi lng chung (Overall Satisfaction Scale) Ni chung, ti cm thy hi lng v cht lng ca kha hc Kha hc p ng c nhng c nhng hy vng ca ti Hin nay, trng l ni hon ho v o to thc s theo suy ngh ca ti
Mc ng
1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 4 5 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 7

III. THNG TIN C NHN. Anh ch vui lng cho bit cc thng tin c nhn sau:
1.Gii tnh: Nam N 2.Tui: 26 27-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50 51 3.Mc thu nhp trung bnh mt thng (triu ): 3,0 3,1- 5,0 5,1-7,0 7,1- 10,0 >10 4.C quan cng tc: Cha i lm Doanh nghip nh nc Trng THCN, Cao ng, i hc Doanh nghip ngoi quc doanh trong nc Vin nghin cu Doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi C quan qun l nh nc Khc (xin ghi r): 5. V tr cng tc (nu anh/ch i lm) nhn vin Trng/ph phng hoc tng ng Gim c/ph gim c hoc tng ng Khc (xin ghi r) .

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