1hoan Chinh-1326350544

Nguyn Ngc H
---------*****---------
Tp. H Ch Minh - 11/2011
M u
ORCAD l mt cng c thit k mch in t n gin v ph bin. Cng c rt nhiu phn mm thit k
mch in t khc, tuy nhin, ti chn s dng phn mm ny, v b cng c ny c nh gi l kh
mnh.
Cc th vin linh kin ca ORCAD c th coi l mnh nht cho n nay, v hu ht cc nh sn xut linh
kin in t u cung cp cc add-in th vin linh kin cho ORCAD.
c rt nhiu sch hng dn s dng ORCAD bng hnh, tuy nhin gi sch kh cao v thc cht
ORCAD khng c g l phc tp, v vy, ti mun thc hin ti liu hng dn ny mt cch n gin,
cung cp min ph cho sinh vin. Thnh thc m ni, cc sch d c hng dn t m ti u, th cng
khng th gip cc bn sinh vin nm bt ton b cc chc nng ca ORCAD, m ch yu, cc bn thc
hnh nhiu, my m nhiu, v hi han nhiu, cc bn s tm hiu v nm bt v ORCAD rt d dng.
Trong ti liu hng dn ny, chng ti s i tng bc n gin, cc bn c th thc hin mt mch
nguyn l bng ORCAD, sau hng dn cc bn tng bc xut ra thnh mch in, chy mch in,
iu chnh mch in, cui cng l vic lm mt mch in in t ti nh nh th no.
Ti liu ny c chia lm 5 phn:
-Phn 1. Ci t OrCAD 9.2
-Phn 2. Mt s thao tc v mt mch nguyn l vi ORCAD dng CAPTURE
-Phn 3. Cch chuyn t mch nguyn l sang mch in v cc thao tc trn LAYOUT PLUS
-Phn 4. Mt s mch in t l th cc bn nng cao kh nng v mch ca mnh
-Phn 5. Lm mch in 1 lp th cng
Cn v phn m phng bng OrCAD Pspice ti s hng dn sau
y ti chn s dng OrCAD 9.2 v tnh ph bin ca n, th vin kh y , chim t ti nguyn, t
li, s dng rt n nh. Hin nay c bn 16.5 nhng rt nng (10G tt c sau khi ci t ), vi li vic
ci t cng rt kh khn. K t bn 16.3 tr i Cadene b phn Layout m thay vo l PCB Editor,
v vy ti liu ca phn ny rt t ch yu l ti liu ting anh. Nhng nu mun tr thnh nh Design
PCB chuyn nghip th nn s dng ci ny.
Link dowload:
OrCAD 9.2 part1: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?cpp7hztxpquc094
OrCAD 9.2 part2: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?s5h0e49kv6orr87
Dng phn mm FFSJ ni file: http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?blnyug2582ebiqb
OrCAD 9.2 Protable : http://www.mediafire.com/download.php?o0z6sxoj672e11b
Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD
Mc lc
Mc lc
M u
............................................................................................................................. 03
Chng 1 . Ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 ............................................................................. 10

Chng 2. V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture Cis
2.1 Tng quan v OrCAD Capture .................................................................................................. 17
2.2 V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture ................................................................................ 17
2.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Capture ......................................................................................... 17
2.2.2 To mt project mi .................................................................................................. 18
2.2.2.1 To Project mi ........................................................................................ 18
2.2.2.2 Thit lp kch thc v ci t ban u cho bn v ................................ 20
2.2.2.3 Cc i tng lm vic ............................................................................ 24
2.2.3 Cc phm tt v t kha trong OrCAD Capture ......................................................... 24
2.2.3.1 Phm tt.................................................................................................... 24
2.2.3.3 T kha tm kim nhanh linh kin ........................................................... 25
2.2.4 V s nguyn l .................................................................................................... 25
2.2.4.1 Tm kim v chn linh kin ...................................................................... 25
2.2.4.2 V mch c th ........................................................................................ 29
2.2.4.3 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 34
2.2.5 Kim tra li s nguyn l ...................................................................................... 37
2.2.6 To file netlist ............................................................................................................ 39
2.3 To th vin linh kin mi trong OrCAD Capture .................................................................... 40
2.3.1 Gii thiu ................................................................................................................... 40
2.3.2 Cc bc to linh kin mi ........................................................................................ 40
2.3.2.1 Tm datasheet .......................................................................................... 40
2.3.2.2 Tin hnh to linh kin ............................................................................ 41
Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com
Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh B chnh Vin thng Tp. HCM
Mc lc
2.3.2 V ng bao v lu linh kin .................................................................................. 43

2.4 Chnh sa linh kin ................................................................................................................... 43
2.4.1 t vn .................................................................................................................. 43
2.4.2 Tin hnh chnh sa .................................................................................................. 44
2.4.3 Lu linh kin va chnh sa ....................................................................................... 45
Chng 3. V mch in vi OrCAD Layout
3.1 Tng quan v phn mm OrCAD Layout .................................................................................. 47
3.2 V mch in vi OrCAD Layout .................................................................................................. 47
3.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Layout ........................................................................................... 47
3.2.2 Mt s lnh c bn .................................................................................................... 48
3.2.2.1 File ............................................................................................................ 48
3.2.2.1.1 Open .......................................................................................... 48
3.2.2.1.2 Import ........................................................................................ 48
3.2.2.1.3 Export ........................................................................................ 48
3.2.2.2 Tools ......................................................................................................... 48
3.2.2.2.1 Library Manager ........................................................................ 48
3.2.2.2.2 OrCAD Capture .......................................................................... 48
3.2.3 To bn thit k mi.................................................................................................. 48
3.2.3.1 Lin kt Footprint..................................................................................... 51
3.2.3.1.1 Mt s footprint thng dng .................................................... 51
3.2.3.1.2 Lin kt n footprint ............................................................... 51
3.2.4 Footprint trn board mch ........................................................................................ 54
3.2.4.1 Chnh sa footprint .................................................................................. 54
3.2.4.2 To mi chn linh kin ............................................................................. 56
3.2.4.3 Nhng ch khi to mi chn linh kin .................................................. 64

Mc lc
3.2.5 Mt s thao tc cn thit trc khi v Layout .......................................................... 65

3.2.6 Thit lp mi trng thit k .................................................................................... 65
3.2.6.1 Thit lp n v o v hin th ................................................................. 65
3.2.6.2 o kch thc board mch ...................................................................... 66
3.2.6.3 Layer Stack ............................................................................................... 66
3.2.6.4 Thit lp khong cch gia cc ng mch .......................................... 67
3.2.6.5 Thit lp rng ng mch in ............................................................ 68
3.2.6.6 V ng bao .......................................................................................... 69
3.2.7 Sp xp linh kin trn board...................................................................................... 70
3.2.7.1 Sp xp linh kin bng tay ....................................................................... 70
3.2.7.2 Sp xp linh kin t ng ........................................................................ 71
3.2.8 V mch .................................................................................................................. 71
3.2.8.1 V t ng ............................................................................................... 72
3.2.8.2 V bng tay .............................................................................................. 72
3.2.9 Hon thin bn mch ................................................................................................ 73
3.2.9.1 Chn mt on text vo mch in............................................................. 73
3.2.9.2 Ph mass cho mch in.............................................................................. 74
3.2.10 In mch Layout ........................................................................................................ 75
Chng 4. Mt s bi tp
4.1 Mch ngun
.................................................................................................................. 77
4.1.1 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 77

4.1.2 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 78
4.1.2.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 78
4.1.2.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 79
4.2 Mch np STK200/300 ............................................................................................................. 80

Mc lc
4.2.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 80

4.2.2 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 80
4.2.3 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 81
4.2.3.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 81
4.2.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 81
4.3 Mch np AVR USB 910 ........................................................................................................... 83
4.3.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 83
4.3.2 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 83
4.3.3 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 84
4.3.3.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 84
4.3.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 84
4.4 Mch LED rt ui ................................................................................................................. 86
4.4.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 86
4.4.2 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 86
4.4.3 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 86
4.4.3.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 86
4.4.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 87
4.5 Mch ng h s n gin ...................................................................................................... 90
4.5.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 90
4.5.2 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 90
4.5.3 S mch in ............................................................................................................ 90
4.5.3.1 Sp xp linh kin ...................................................................................... 90
4.5.3.2 V mch ................................................................................................... 91
4.6 Mt s mch in t hay ......................................................................................................... 93
4.6.1 Mch iu khin ti bng m thanh .......................................................................... 93

Mc lc
4.6.2 Mch n ging sinh ................................................................................... 93

4.6.3 Mch to xung 1kHz.................................................................................... 94
4.6.4 Mch bo v qu p.................................................................................... 94
4.6.5 Mch kha s in t ................................................................................. 94
4.6.6 Mc relay bo v dng 1 pha ...................................................................... 95
4.6.7 Mch relay bo v dng 3 pha .................................................................... 95
4.6.8 Mch ng h vn nin .............................................................................. 95
Chng 5. Lm mch in th cng
5.1 Dng c cn thit ................................................................................................................ 100
5.2 Chun b bn in ..... ................................................................................................................ 100
5.3 i mch ................ ................................................................................................................ 100
5.4 Ngm mch ........... ................................................................................................................ 100
5.5 Khoan board.......... ................................................................................................................ 101
5.6 Bo v mch.......... ................................................................................................................ 101

Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
Phn 1: Ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2

ci t OrCAD 9.2 bn thc hin cc bc sau:
-
Cho a CD ci t OrCAD vo my hoc c th chy trc tip trn cng:

Nhp chut phi vo file setup.exe , chn Run as administrator nh hnh di

Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh BCVT Tp.HCM
10
Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
i vi giy chng ta s thy hp thoi xut hin nh hnh di v yu cu chng ta nn tt ht

cc chng trnh dit virut , nu khng th trong qu trnh ci t c th xy ra vi li khng
mong mun. Click vo OK tip tc thc hin cng vic ci t.
Mt hp thoi mi hin ra, chn Next tip tc:

11
Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
Chn Yes trong hp thoi Software License Agreement:
Chn Next tip tc trong hp thoi tip theo:
hp thoi tip theo yu bn nhp key codec l A B E F G H I J K ( Enter xung dng sau mi k
t) chn Next v nhp 17 ch s 1 hp thoi tip theo nh hnh di. Next tip tc

12
Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
Nhp thng tin ca bn vo phn Name v Company. Next tip tc. Chn Yes ca s tip
theo:
hp thoi tip theo, c 2 ty chn: Typical nu ci t cc thnh phn chung ca OrCAD,

Custom setup cc ng dng cn dng. Chn Next tip tc

13

-
Qu trnh ci t bt u,
Chn Yes 2 hp thoi tip theo
V cui cng nhn Finish hon

tt .

Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
14
Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
Qu trnh ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2

xong. Nhng ng vi m phn mm ln, n
vn cha chy c, ta phi tin hnh Crack
:
-
Tm n file PDXOrCAD.exe trong th

mc Crack ca CD
Click chut phi v chn th Properties,
chuyn qua Tab Compatibility v chn
nh hnh di
( nu l win 7, cn
win XP th b qua bc ny ). Click
Appy hon xc nhn
Xut hin hp thoi ca phn mm Crack PDXOrCAD

Chn ng dn n th mc ci t OrCAD , y ti ci ln C c ng dn l
C:\Programm Files\Orcad\. Nhp chn Apply thc hin. Nu xut hin dng thng bo
Fixed Patch Success: All patches applied nh hnh th qu trnh ci Crack thnh cng, nu
xut hin thng bo li th hy kim tra li cc bc trn xem ng cha.

15
Chng 1. Ci t OrCAD
Vy l ci hon tt ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 ( Lu : Mi phin bn c mt cch ci t v Crack

khc nhau ). Khi ng chng trnh OrCAD ln v khm ph.

16
Chng 2. OrCAD Capture
Chng 2: V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture

2.1 Tng quan v OrCAD Capture
OrCAD Capture l phn mm v mch nguyn l rt mnh , vi th vin phong ph, thao tc n gin,
d chnh sa v tm kim.
Trong phn ny ti s hng dn khi qut mi ngi c th tip cn v s dng phn mm ny. T
khi ng , to mt bn thit k, ly linh kin, thay i thng s linh kin, i dy, hon thnh mch
nguyn l n vic to th vin linh kin c nhn tin cho vic s dng v sau.
2.2 V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture
2.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Capture
Khi ng OrCAD vi chng trnh Capture( hoc Capture Cis ):
C1. Start -> AllPrograms-> Orcad Family Release 9.2 -> Capture ( Capture Cis )
C2. Click vo biu tng
trn mn hnh Desktop
Mn hnh lm vic ca Capture nh sau:

17
2.2.2 To mt Project mi
2.2.2.1 To Project mi:
to mt project bn c th lm nh sau:
Chn menu File -> New -> Project.
Hoc chn nt lnh Create document
Hp thoi New project hin ra, nhp tn project trong phn Name ( Theo ti mi 1 Project bn nn lu
vo 1 th mc ring v trong orcad 1 project c th to ra rt nhiu file )v ng dn n v tr lu
project trong phn Location

18
Click vo nt Browse chn ng dn cho project

Nu mun to mt th mc con cha cc file trong project ca bn, nhp chut vo Create Dir...
Nhp tn th mc mun to vo phn Name trong hp thoi Create Directory. OK xc nhn
Mn hnh ca OrCAD Capture nh sau:

19
2.2.2.2 Thit lp kch thc v ci t ban u cho bn v:

Khi bt u v mt Schematic chng ta
nn chn menu Options -> Preference
t cc thuc tnh ty chn ring chi
ngi thit k v mu sc hin th ca
Wire, Pin ta li v trong trang
thit k. Hp thoi Preferences nh
sau:
-Chn lp Color/Print: hin cc gam

mu gn cho tng i tng trong
trang s mch nguyn l nh: mu
nn ca background, pin linh kin, tn
linh kin, bus, ng kt ni cc thnh
phn, li v, gi tr linh kin, text,

20
-Chn lp Grid Display: Hin/

khng hin li c th
hin bng nhng du chm
trong cc trang thit k hoc
sa i linh kin. Mc ch
ca li l gip chng ta t
linh kin & sp xp so cho hp
l & chnh xc nht
-Chn lp Pan and Zoom:

hin khung thoi cha cc gi
tr thay i t l thu phng
hay thu nh cc i tng
trong trang thit k s
mch.

21
-Chn lp Select: hin th khung

thoi lin quan n vic la chn
cc thnh phn trong trang s
nguyn l.
-Lp Miscellaneous: cha nhng

thnh phn h tr cho vic gn cc
thuc tnh cc i tng trong trang
thit k. Ngoi ra n cn c chc
nng rt quan trng l t ng hin
th s th t ca loi linh kin c
ly ra ( Automatic reference placed
part ) & bt tay cho vi Layout ( th
Intertool Communication ) rt hu
dng trong vic sp t cc footprint
linh kin ty thch ca ngi thit k
nhm trnh trng hp cc linh kin
sp xp khng theo mun. Chc
nng ny ch c tc dng khi m c
Capture & Layout v x l cng chung
thit k.

22
Chn menu Options > Design Templace gn cc tham s mc nh cho

bn thit k & cc trang s nguyn l mi. Nhng gi tr c gn theo
khung tham s ny khng nh hng n nhng thit k ca mch in c. Ti
hp thoi Design Template ta c th ty chnh thin th kiu k t, size ca cc
k t hin th tn, gi tr , ca linh kin. Ngoi ra chng ta c th t tnca
thit k, size ca thit k, n v o,
Chn font hin th kiu k t

thit lp kch thc bn v
23
2.2.2.3 Cc i tng lm vic
Thanh cng c
Chn i tng
Th vin linh kin
Chy dy
t nhn ng mch
V ng ni bus
t im ni
Ni vi ng bus
Ngun
Mass
im khng ni
2.2.3 Cc phm tt v t kha trong OrCAD Capture
2.2.3.1 Phm tt:
Vic s dng cc phm tt s gip cho thao tc ca chng ta c nhanh hn, v trong ti liu ny ti
ch yu hng dn bng cc phm tt
Phm
R
I
P
J
T
F
Y
Chc nng
Xoay linh kin
Phng to mn hnh
Ly linh kin
To im ni
Thm vn bn cho bn v
Ly cc khi ngun
V khi ch nht
Phm
W
O
N
B
X
G
ESC
Chc nng
Ni cc ng mch
Thu nh mn hnh
nh nhn
V ng bus
nh du chn linh kin ko s dng
Ly cc khi mass, ni t
Thot ch ang chn

24
2.2.3.2 T kha tm kim nhanh linh kin

thao tc c nhanh v ly linh kin chnh xc th bn phi nh tn ca cc linh kin, y ti ch
nu mt s t kha c s dng nhiu
K hiu
Tn gi
K hiu
Tn gi
K hiu
Tn gi
R
in tr
RESISTOR VAR Bin tr
CAP
T in
CAP NP
T khng phn cc
RELAY
R le
LED
n led
FUSE
Cu ch
DIODE
i t
DIODE ZENER
i t n p
NPN
Transistor ngc
PNP
Transistor thun CRYSTAL
Thch anh
BRIDGE
Cu diode
SW
Nt nhn
HEADR
Chn cm
Khi lm vic vi OrCAD cc bn ch l phi tt cc trnh g ting vit i th mi s dng c cc phm
tt , v trnh li khi s dng cc phm tt, n gin l phn mm n khng bit ting Vit.
2.2.4 V s nguyn l
Mun v c mch nguyn l th cc bn phi c s nguyn l{ 1 t giy hay trong u bn
ri. Bn phi bit l s dng nhng linh kin no.
2.2.4.1 Tm kim v chn linh kin
ly linh kin ra bn nhn phm P ( hoc Shift + P hoc chn Place Part

). 1 ca s hin ra nh sau :
25
khung Part cho php chng ta gi ra cc linh kin, vy linh kin c ly u? linh kin c ly
Libraries. Nhng chng ta ang thy Libraries trng trn th kia th ly lm sao c linh kin? Vy ta
phi Add library s hin ra 1 ca s nh sau :
Theo ti th nn Add tt c cc th vin vo. V mi 1 th vin cha cc linh kin khc nhau m ta khng
th nh c linh kin no nm trong th vin no. Th l Add th vin xong

26
T hp thoi Libraries, cc bn ch chut vo bt kz mt trong cc th vin c add ( hoc Ctrl + A

chn tt c th vin ) th danh sch cc linh kin trn ca s Part List s xut hin
Bn nh tn linh kin vo khung Part chn linh kin ph hp vi mch nguyn l
Nhp OK chn linh kin, lc ca s ny s mt i v linh kin dnh vo chut ca bn
Chn v tr thch hp v nhp chut tri t linh kin

27
Nhp chut tri tip tc t linh kin vo cc v tr khc, nhn ESC trn bn phm ngng vic t
linh kin
Chn v t y linh kin vo trang v trc ri tin hnh i dy ni mch
ni dy bn nhp vo
bn thanh cng c phi hoc s dng phm W
Nhp chut vo linh kin v ko n v tr khc nu mun di chuyn chng

Cc thao tc Rotate ( R ) xoay linh kin, Vertical ( V ) lt linh kin theo chiu dc hoc Horizontal (
H ) lt theo chiu ngang
2.2.4.2 V mch c th
cc bn d hiu th chng ta s i vo v mch c th, y ti chn mch iu chnh v n nh tc
ng c. Mach nguyn l{ nh hnh di:
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch: Khi ng c c ni n J1 quay s cho ra in p cm ng t vo chn s

1 ca Triac. Nu ng c b gim tc ( c th do ti tng ln) lm V1 gim, D2 s dn in to dng kch
cho Triac. Dng in qua triac tng ln s lm tng tc ng c tng ln nh c. Nu ng c b tng tc
( c th do ti gim xung ) lm V1 tng, D2 b phn cc ngc s ngng dn, gim dng in cp cho
ng c, tc ng c gim xung nh c.

28
Cc linh kin trong mch: 5 in tr, 1 bin tr, 2 t khng phn cc, 3 diode chnh lu, 2 transistor
ngc , 1 triac, 2 chn cm, cng tc 3 cc 1
By gi quay tr li ca s Place Part (

Shift + P hoc P ). Ly ra 1 con tr no
khung Part ta g vo R s c hnh
nh nh sau
Enter ly R. sau R s i theo chut ca ta, nhp chut vo 5 v tr ly 5 in tr. Mun thot
ly linh kin khc th n ESC,hoc nhp chut vo biu tng Select
trn thanh cng c kt thc.
chn chn cm cho linh kin ta

cng lm tng t, khung Part cc
bn g CON2, sau nhp OK tr
v mn hnh lm vic.

29
G RESISTOR VAR khung

Part ly bin tr:
ly t in khng phn
cc chn CAP NP ti
khung Part ca th vin
sau OK tr v mn
hnh lm vic

30
Tip theo, bn chn DIODE

ti khung Part ly i t,
nhp OK tr v mn
hnh lm vic. Nhp chut
tri vo 3 v tr khc nhau
ly 3 diode
Chn cng tc 3 chu bng

cch g SW MAG-SPDT
trong khung Part, sau
nhp OK tr v mn
hnh lm vic. Ti trang v
nhp chut tri vo mt v
tr bt k chn cng tc

31
ly Triac, ti khung Part

ca hp thoi Place Part
g TRIAC, sau nhp OK
v nhp chut tri vo v
tr bts k chn Triac
Chn cun dy bng cch

ti khung Part g
INDUCTOR FERITE. OK
tr v mn hnh lm vic

32
Tip theo chn transistor

NPN bng cch g NPN
vo khung Part. OK
Cui cng, chn chn

Mass bng cch nhp vo
biu tng Place Ground
bn thanh cng c. Ti
khung Libraries chon
SOURCE, ti khung Symbol
chn 0, sau nhp OK
tr v mn hnh lm vic

33
Kt thc vic ly linh kin, ta c hnh sau :
2.2.4.3 Sp xp linh kin

34
Cc linh kin vn nm ngn ngang th, c th xoay c cc linh kin dc, ngang, quay ngc xui
cc bn chn vo linh kin cn xoay ri n phm R, hoc phm H, hoc V( c th chn vo linh kin kch
phi chut chn Rotate = R, Mirror Horizontally = H, Mirror Vertically = V ) v sp xp linh kin sao
cho gn chun b ni dy.
ni dy cc bn n phm W ( Place Wire ), con tr chut s thnh du cng v chng ta bt u ni

dy. Xong ta c hnh sau:

35
Mun thay i gi tr cho linh kin, hy nhp p chut

vo linh kin, khi hp thoi Display Properties xut
hin. Ti khung Value ca hp thoi nhp vo gi tr ca
linh kin mun thay i, sau nhn OK hon tt thay
i.

36
y l mch hon chnh
2.2.5 Kim tra li s nguyn l

Nhp vo biu tng minimize trn gc phi hoc biu tng
page 1

, xut hin mn hnh nh sau. Chn
37
Nhp vo biu tng design rules

check
Hp thoi Design Rules Check xut
hin, check vo Scope, Action &
Report nh hnh bn v nhp Ok
kim tra.
Nu c thng bo li bn hy kim
tra v tr c khoanh trn nh mu
xanh v tin hnh sa li ri tip
tc.

38
2.2.6 To file netlist

Sau khi kim tra khng thy li , chng ta tin hnh to file .mnl chuyn
sang Layout , chn
Netlist
trn thanh cng c, hoc chn Tool=> Create
Ca s Create Netlist xut hin, chn Layout, trong th Options chn User Properties are in inchers
t chn chn linh kin footprint, Browse duyt n ni cha file, nhp chn OK
Chon OK trong hp thoi xut hin tip theo hon tt qu trnh to file netlist

39
Vy l hon tt qu trnh v mch bng Capture, bn hy dng file .MNL va to v mch in bng
OrCAD Layout Plus
2.3 To th vin linh kin mi trong OrCAD Capture
2.3.1 Gii thiu
Vic to ra linh kin mi trrong Capture rt quan trng, cc linh kin in t u c sn xut theo
mt s tiu chun nht nh. Trong Layout th mt s chn linh kin nu khng bit th c th tm mt
linh kin khc c chn tng t, cn trong Capture th cng vic khng th thc hin c. Hn na
vic to ra mt th vin mi ca ring bn s gip bn qun l{, cng nh thao tc nhanh hn trong vic
tm kim linh kin
2.3.2 Cc bc to linh kin mi
Mt project bao gm vic to ra linh kin mi , to ra bn v nguyn l hoc xut ra mch in,...Khi
vic to ra linh kin mi l vic lm phc v cho schematic no .
to thm linh kin mi, cc bn phi nhn din c linh kin l g, hot ng nh th no. Phi
tra datasheet ca linh kin . Sau khi bit r v linh kin, hy hnh dung trong u s b tr cc
chn linh kin sao cho vic v mch nguyn l c d dng v p nht.
Tip theo l to ra mt th vin linh kin cha linh kin m cc bn s to ra. V c tnh cc ti l
khc nhau v nhng ngi lm vic vi mch in t cng khc nhau nn vic t tn cng c nhng
c th khc nhau. Cui cng l vic to ra linh kin bn, t vo cc th vin ph hp. C th ti s
hng dn cc bn to ra con MAX232.
2.3.2.1 Tm datasheet
Vic u tin l phi tra cu datasheet ca con MAX232. tra datasheet bn c th search trn mng
http://google.com hoc tm trc tip t cc trang web v datasheet:
www.alldatasheet.com
www.datasheetcatalog.com

40
y l hnh nh ca con MAX232 trong datasheet
2.3.2.2 Tin hnh to linh kin

Trong mn hnh lm vic ca Capture.
Chn File > New > Library
T rong ca s qun l, nhp chut phi

vo library.olb ti th mc Library, chn
New Part to linh kin mi
Nhp tn linh kin vo

khung Name ( tn ny s
c hin th khi bn chn
linh kin). Chn kiu linh
kin trong Part
Reference Prefix.
y chn l U
Nhp OK vo trang
thit k

41
Ca s lm vic nh sau:
Trc ht chng ta cn to ra nhm chn, sau sa cha thng s, nhng nhm chn c cng chc
nng ta ta thit k chung.
Chn Place Pin Array

trn
thanh cng c to nhm chn cho
linh kin
Starting Name ( tn chn) :
Starting Number ( Chn bt u): 1

Number of Pins ( s chn c to ra
trong cng nhm chn):
8
Increment ( s n v tng ln) : 1
OrCAD h tr vic to ra cc nhm
chn bng cch t ng tng th t
tn chn Starting Name, Starting
Number ln Incrment n v, nu nh
chn tn cng l 1 s.

42
Khi nhn OK, con chut s to thnh 1 dy 8 chn linh kin. Trn khi U
vung, cc bn t n cnh no, n s nm cnh .Nhp chut hon
tt.
T ip tc to cc chn cn li. Chn Place pin array

Starting Name : 16
Starting Number: 16
Number of Pins : 8
Increment: -1
OK v chn v tr t chn
Nhp p chut vo chn linh kin sa i cc thng s: tn,

s chn linh kin
Tip tc cho cc chn cn li. Nhp chut tri v ko gi chut sp xp

li v tr cc chn linh kin cho hp l & thm m.
2.3.3 V ng bao v lu linh kin
Chn Place rectangle

trn thanh cng c to ng
bao, v hnh vung va kht trn hnh.Chn Place Text nhp tn
cho linh kin.Nh vy l lm xong 1 linh kin mi, nhn Save
lu li linh kin.
2.4 Chnh sa linh kin
2.4.1 t vn

43
Khi ly linh kin trong th vin, c mt vn l a s vi con IC th b n chn VCC v GND, nhng cc
bn yn tm khi xut ra mch in chn VCC mc nhin ni vi Power v chn GND th ni t. Ti s ch
cho cch lm cho n hin ln
2.4.2 Tin hnh chnh sa
y ti chn con IC nh thi 555
Bn nhp phi chut vo linh kin, chn Edit Part
Xut hin ca s lm vic mi gip bn chnh sa cc thng s ca linh kin:
Phn 2 du cng trong vng trn mu l 2 chn VCC v GND, bn nhp p chut vo n chnh
kiu chn

44
Hnh dng chn ca n trong ca s Shape, trong ca s ny chn c la chn l zero length chnh v
vy m bn khng nhn thy n, bn c th chn Line hoc Short hin th chn. Tick vo Pin Visible
hin th tn ca chn linh kin
Tng t nh trn hin th chn GND. B tr li s chn cho
hp l v thm m, Sau khi chnh sa ta c hnh bn
Trong ca s ny bn cng c th thc hin chnh sa, thm bt chn, thay i kch thc hnh dng
ca linh kin.
2.4.3 Lu linh kin va chnh sa
Nhp chut vo nt Close
trong ca s lm vic hoc nhn Ctrl + W, xut hin hp thoi
Chn Update
Current lu
thay i, Update All thay i tt c linh kin c trong Project, Discard hy b thay i, Cancel
quay li hy b thao tc, Help c tr gip.

45
Vy l hon tt c bn phn Capture, tip theo ta chuyn sang phn Layout thit k mch in.
( lun Ctrl + S lu bn project , phng s c xy ra ngoi mun )

46
Chng 3. OrCAD Layout
Chng 3: V mch in vi OrCAD Layout

3.1 Tng quan v phn mm v mch in OrCAD Layout
thi cng board mch thc t cn phi xut mch nguyn l trong Capture sang file mch in c h
tr bi Layout. Phn ny s hng dn cc bn xut file .mnl trong mch nguyn l sang Layout v
mch in hon chnh, cch chn chn linh kin footprint, to th vin chn linh kin mi,...
3.2 V mch in vi OrCAD Layout
3.2.1 Khi ng OrCAD Layout
Khi ng OrCAD vi chng trnh Layout Plus
-
Start -> AllPrograms-> Orcad Family Release 9.2 -> Layout

Click vo biu tng
trn mn hnh Desktop
Mn hnh lm vic ca Layout Plus nh sau

Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCm
47
3.2.2 Mt s lnh c bn
3.2.2.1 File
Cha cc lnh lin quan n vic to mi, m, nhp v xut ra cc tp tin i tng va Layout hay sang
cc thnh phn khc ( s dng trong mt s phn mm thit k mch khc nh Protel, PCAD PCB, ...)
3.2.2.1.1 Open
Lit k tt c cc tp tin .MAX ang nm trong th mc hin hnh.
3.2.2.1.2 Import
Cho php m hay nhn mt file c to t cc phn mm khc nh Protel PCB, CadStar PCB,...
3.2.2.1.3 Export
Cho php xut file .MAX c to t OrCAD Layout sang cc phn mm thit k mch in khc nh
Protel PCB, CadStar PCB,...
3.2.2.2 Tools
3.2.2.2.1 Library Manager
Cho php bn chnh sa hay to mi mt footprint ca linh kin no . T y bn c th to hay su
tp mt th vin footprint linh kin m bn hay s dng cho cc thit k v sau.
3.2.2.2.2 OrCAD Capture
Cho php m chng trnh thit k mch nguyn l OrCAD Capture t chng trnh v board mch
OrCAD Layout
Ngoi ra trong Tools cn cc chc nng khc nh SmartRout cho php bn v mch thng minh, Edit
App Settings, Reload App Settings,...
3.2.3 To bn thit k mi
to mt bn thit k mi, vo menu File -> New hoc t biu tng
trn thanh cng c. Xut
hin hp thoi Load Template File, ta nhp vo file Template theo ng dn mc nh:
C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Data
File template l file nh dng mt s thng s mc nh cho board mch, nh s lp board mch,
khong cch i dy, kch thc ng mch, quy nh thit k,... c s dng xuyn sut trong qu
trnh v mch vi Layout. Nu l mt board bnh thng th bn chn file default.tch ( hoc
jump6238.tch s gip qu trnh chy mch hiu qu hn , cc jumper s khng ct ngang IC,). Cn nu

48
bn mun thit k board mch ring theo hnh dng c th, nh Sound Card, Lan card,... th load cc file
template khc. Nhn Open thc hin load file .TCH
Xut hin hp thoi Load Netlist Source yu cu bn chn file netlist c ui .MNL c to trong
OrCAD Capture. Nhp Open chn m file Netlist

49
Ti hp thoi Save File As bn nhp vo ng dn v tn file m bn mun lu thit k ca mnh. Mc

nh Layout Plus s t tn file mc nh trng vi file netlist v lu trong th mc cha project .
Nhp Save tin hnh lu.

50
Nu cc linh kin trong mch thit k l cc linh kin mi v cha tng c lin kt n th vin footprint
ca Layout Plus ln no th s xut hin hp thoi yu cu bn phi lin kt n footprint. y l bc
kh khn i hi bn phi cn thn, nu nh chn sai chn th mch coi nh b i, ttos nht bn hy
xem k hnh nh thc t ca linh kin vic chn hnh dng v kch thc ca footprint c chnh
xc. Kinh nghim cho thy s tt hn nu bn tc hin vic gn footprint cho tt c cc linh kin trong
sut qu trinh v mch bng Capture.
3.2.3.1 Lin kt Footprint
lm tt phn ny bn phi thng xuyn lm mch, c kinh nghim th vic tm kim cc footprint
c nhanh hn.
3.2.3.1.1 Mt s footprint thng dng
- Th vin TO : TO92 ( transistor: C828, C1815, C535,...), TO202 ( Transistor: H1061, IC n p h 78xxx,
79xxx,... )
- Th vin DIP100T: /W.300 ( cc IC cm t 14-20 chn ) /W.600 ( cc IC cm t 24-40 chn )
- Th vin TM_CAP_P l footprint ca cc loi t in
- Th vin JUMPER l footprint ca cc loi in tr, quang tr, bin tr,..
- Th vin TM_DIODE l footprint ca cc loi diode hay led
3.2.3.1.2 Lin kt n footprint
Quay li mn hnh lm vic ca Layout s xut hin hp thoi sau:
Trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng tm thy chn ca D1 c tn l

DIODE. V th nn tm chn cho linh kin ny bng cch nhp chut vo lin kt Link existing fooprint to
component...
51
Hp thoi Footprint for DIODE xut hin , nu l ln u tin s dng th bn phi add th vin vo
bng cch nhp chut tri vo nt Add...
Bn chn ng dn n th vin Layout mc nh l C:\Program Files\Orcad\Layout_Plus\Library.

Bn nn add tt c vo tin cho qu trnh s dng

52
Ti khung Libraries nhp chn mc JUMPER. Ti khung Footprints nhp chn mc JUMPER200 ( khong
cch gia 2 chn l 200 mils = 5 mm ) chn chn diode. OK thc hin
Tip theo trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng th tm thy chn ca
chn cm J1 c tn CON2. Nhp chut vo Link existing fooprint to component...
Trong hp thoi Footprint for CON2, ti khung Libraries chn JUMPER, ti khung Footprints chn
JUMPER100. Xong nhp chn OK.
Trong hp thoi Link Footprint to Component c thng bo l khng th tm thy chn linh kin Q3 c
tn T2801

53
Nhp vo Link existing fooprint to component...Trong hp thoi Footprint for T2801, ti khung
Libraries chn TO, khung Footprints chn TO202AB chn chn cho Triac
Tip tc chn lin kt chn linh kin cho cc chn cn li ( transistor Q1, Q2 tng ng l TO - > TO126,
cun dy L1 l th vin JUMPER chn JUMPER100, cng tc 3 chu v bin tr chn ln lt l TO->
TO202AB v TO-> T126, t in chn JUMPER - > JUMPER100,...) cho n khi no khng cn xut hin
hp thoi Link Footprint to Component na. Khi hon thnh lin kt n cc footprint vi linh kin,
OrCAD Layout t ng load cc footprint nh hnh v:
3.2.4 Footprint trn board mch

Khi cc fooprint c load, nu khng ng vi yu cu thit k th phi chnh sa hoc to mi chn
linh kin cho ph hp
3.2.4.1 Chnh sa fooprint
Chn linh kin cn thay i trn board mch va load, sau nhp chut phi chn Properties hoc
nhp i chut vo linh kin
Hp thoi Edit Component xut hin, y bn c th sa li tn v gi tr linh kin, Nhp chut vo
Footprint... thay i footprint
54
T hp thoi Select Footprint ta c th la chn cc footprint thch hp. Tuy nhin nu khng tm thy
footprint ph hp th ta phi to mi fooprint cho ph gip vi linh kin

55
3.2.4.2 To mi chn linh kin

Ta c th to mi chn linh kin bng cch trong chng trnh Layout Plus, vo menu Tools -> Library
menager
to mt footprint mi hon ton bn bm Create New Footprint

V d:
To footprint cho mt pushbutton (Panasonic part EVQ-PAG04M) bn cn mt s thng tin v kch
thc ca n:

56
hp thoi Create New Footprint

Nhp tn linh kin mi mc Name of
footprint, v d l PB
Bm chn English. Mc d kch c cc b
phn ca linh kin c cho h mt nhng
hu ht kch thc ch to PCB vn bng n
v inches ( hay mils = 1/1000 inch).
dng theo h mt bn phi thay i systems settings. (vo Options -> System Settings) xut hin
hp thoi bn.
Nhp OK. By gi bn ang lm vic theo h mt.
Switch c tt c 4 chn nhng ta ch cn nh dng cho 1 padstack v cc chn du c c im ging

nhau.
u tin vo View -> Spreadsheet ->Padstacks. Ta thy xut hin hp thoi padstacks, ta double click
vo padstack c tn T1 s xut hin hp thoi Edit Padstack cho tt c cc lp ca T1.

57
Bn thay i tn ca padstack ny, thng th

t tn theo tn footprint. iu ny lm cho
vic tm kim n d dng hn trong Layout khi
c nhiu padstack. Tip nhp chn
Undefined trong mc Pad Shape
Nhp OK. Xut hin hp thoi padstacks. Bn
thy padstack tn PB vi tt c cc lp ca n
khng c nh dng
Da vo Datasheet bn nh dng cho cc lp ca padstack PB. Nu chn nhiu lp cng mt lc th

nhn chn tn cc lp ng thi gi phm Ctrl. Bn ch cn nh dng cho nhng lp cn thit .
u tin bn cn nh dng kch thc cho chn l khoan, theo datasheet ng knh chn l khoan l 1
mm.
Ta chn 2 lp DRLDWG, DRILL.
Click phi chut chn Properties , xut hin hp thoi Edit Padstack Layer , nhp chn Round, sau
nhp gi tr 1(=40 mils) vo Height v Width.
Nhp OK

58
Bn thy trong hp thoi padstacks lp DRLDWG, DRILL c nh dng:
Tng t bn nh dng cho cc lp TOP, BOTTOM, INNER. Thng th kch thc ca vng xuyn bao
quanh l chn khoan ln hn l khoan khong 20 mils(=0.5 mm). Do nhp gi tr 1.5mm vo Height
v Width.
V lp gia ca mch l ming ng dnh cho power v ground, trnh hin tng ngn mch ngi
ta thng to ra xung quanh cc l khoan mt khong trng, ln hn kch thc l khoan l 35
mils(=1.75 mm). Bn nhp gi tr 2 mm vo Height v Width v chn pad dng round cho lp PLANE.
Cui cng bn cn nh dng cho mt hn chn linh kin, thng th n ln hn vng xuyn bao
quanh chn l khoan khong 5 mils(=0.125 mm). Do bn chn pad hnh round v nhp gi tr
1.625mm vo Height v Width cho lp SMTOP and SMBOT.

59
Sau khi nh dng xong cho cc lp ca padstack ny, ta s lu tn ca footprint mi to vo th vin, ta

nn to th vin mi d dng tm kim sau ny.
Bng cch click Save As trong hp thoi Library manager.
in tn footprint mi to, sau click vo Create New Library to th vin mi.
Nhp OK th footprint mi to s c lu vo th vin.

60
Sau chn Text tool

xa bt
cc ch khng cn thit i, ch li
&Comp v &Value. Nhp vo text cn
xa v bm phm Delete (trn bn
phm).
Thm cc chn linh kin vo bng cch
chn cng c Pin Tool
Click chut phi vo nn en, chn

New
t chn mi v tr thch hp
Chn thuc tnh cho 2 text cn li bng ko chut bi n, xong click chut phi, chn Properties
(phm tt Ctrl+E).
Chn Layer l SSTOP.
Chn OK.

61
Sau bn sp xp li v tr cho cc chn, bn lun lun t v tr ca pad1 ti

(x,y) = (0, 0) > double click vo pad1 xut hin hp thoi EDIT PAD.
Bn da vo Datasheet bit khong cch gia cc chn xc nh v tr cho cc chn cn li. Pad2 = (0,
6.5)

62
Cc chn khc tng t: Pad4 = (4.5, 0), Pad3 = (6.5, 4.5)
Bn c th dng cc cng c o c nh: Dimension, Measurement trong menu Tool c th to

khong cch chnh xc gia cc chn.
Ngoi ra bn cn c th v thm cc ng bao (Obstacle) cho linh kin, y l ng ranh gii gia cc
footprint khi sp xp chng khng b chng cho nhau.
v ng bao bn click vo biu tng Obstacle Tool
, sau click phi chut chn New, gi
chut tri ng thi ko n cc gc chn pad, ng bao bao quanh cc chn pad.

63
u tin bn t tn cho ng bao, sau chn Place Outline ti Obstacle Type. dy width ty
.
Thng bn chn ng bao ny nm lp Global Layer, tc thuc tnh Obstacle Layer l Global Layer.
Cui cng click OK lu li cc nh dng cho footprint mi to.
Bn hon thnh vic to 1 footprint mi khng c sn trong th vin ca layout.
nhanh hn bn c th lt qua th vin ca layout tm nhng footprint tng t footprint m bn
cn to sa cha cho ph hp vi thc t ri Save As n li, lu li trong th vin mi m bn to
cho d tm kim.
3.2.4.3 Nhng ch khi to mi chn linh kin
Khi thit k footprint, ngoi vic bn cn bit chnh xc kch thc thc gia cc chn linh kin thit
k k ng, cn phi bit kch thc ca c linh kin c th b tr khong cch gia cc linh kin cho
hp l.
Mt s kinh nghim chn kch thc cho chn linh kin:
64
Vi cc linh kin thng nh in tr, t, diode bn chn chn hnh trn (Round), ng knh
l 1.8 n 2.1, ty loi linh kin
- Chn 1 ca IC hay cc linh kin c cc tnh nh t hoc diode bn nn chn kiu chn l hnh
vung hoc hnh ch nht
- Vi IC ta nn chn chn hnh Oval (vi cc chn 2 tr ln) v hnh ch nht (i vi chn 1). Kch
thc thng l 1.7mm Width v 2.2 mm Height.
- Vi cc chn linh kin to nh chn ca cc JACK cm, chn ca IC c cn th nn chn b
Width(b ngang) to ra mt t, c 1.8mm.
Thc t vic to ra linh kin trong Capture quan trng hn rt nhiu ln so
vi vic to ra linh kin trong Layout (hay Layout Plus). bn ch cn s dng cc chn layout c nh
dng ging vy s dng, khng nht thit phi to ra cc nh dng chn cho tng linh kin ring bit.
3.2.5 Mt s thao tc cn thit trc khi v Layout
u tin, bn s tt DRC (Design Rule Check), bn s cn dng chng sau, nhng khng phi by gi.
Sau khi tt, khung ch nht nt t s bin mt.
Nhng k hiu xut hin bn cnh cc linh kin c th khng cn thit nhng chng s lm cho mn
hnh ca chng ta ri hn. C 2 cch xa chng i:
-
Chn Text Tool

trn thanh cng c, click chut vo on k hiu m bn mun xa i, sau
click chut phi v chn delete.
Hoc nu bn mun xa hon ton cc k hiu i km, bn lm nh sau: Chn lp 23 AST nh
hnh v, sau tt n i.(s dng phm -)
3.2.6 Thit lp mi trng thit k

3.2.6.1 Thit lp n v o v hin
th. y cng l n v th hin
rng ca ng mch in trong board
mch. Mc ch ca vn ny l gip
cho ngi thit k qun l c kch
thc ca cc nets trong board mch
cng nh kch thc ca board
outline. Cch lm nh sau: Vo
Options -> System settings. Bn s
thy hp thoi sau xut hin: y
bn nn chn n v l
Millimeters(mm). Ngoi ra ta cn c
th thit lp li v, t li nu cn
thit khung Grids.
65
3.2.6.2. o kch thc board mch

Vo Tool -> Dimension -> Select Tool.
Sau o di v rng ca ng bao. Mc ch ca cch lm ny l cho ngi thit k bit c
board mch mnh thit k c kch thc tht bao nhiu, t c nhng iu chnh hp l trong vic
sp xp cc linh kin trong ng bao cho ph hp vi board mch in m mnh ang c.
3.2.6.3 Layer Stack
nh ngha Layer Stack, bn chn View Spreedsheet t Toolbar

66
Nhp Layers chn lp v, y bn chn lp BOTTOM, click chut phi chn Properties.
Chn nh sau v OK
3.2.6.4. Thit lp khong cch gia cc ng mch

thit lp nhng lut v khong cch cho pads, tracks v vias. Bn chn View Spreedsheet t Toolbar.
Chn Strategy -> Route Spacing.

67
T menu pop up chn Properties:
Xut hin hp thoi: Edit Spacing
y bn c th iu chnh cc thng s cho ph

hp. Cn ch n v o m bn thit lp trn.
Chn OK.
3.2.6.5 Thit lp rng ng mch in

Bn lm iu ny iu chnh rng ca cc nets trong mch khc nhau ty theo chc nng ca
chng. Thng th: cc ng ngun, mass phi ln hn cc ngun tn hiu, hay cc ng ng vi
mch cng sut th b rng cng phi ln hn bnh thngMun iu chnh cc thng s ny bn c
th lm nh sau: Vo View Spreedsheet Nets. Bi en tt c, chn Properties
68
Hp thoi Edit Net cho php ta chnh cc thng s ca Nets
Min Width, Conn Width, Max Width l rng ca nets mch in. Khng nn 3 gi tr ny bng nhau,
v khi i mch my s t ng iu chnh rng ca nets. Khi t t th n chn Min, khi nhiu s chn
Max, nh vy s linh hot hn.
3.2.6.6 V ng bao
l ng bao ngoi cho tt c cc linh kin v cc ng mch trong mch in. v bn tin hnh nh
sau:
Click chut vo Obstacle Tool, sau click vo mt gc m bn mun v Outline, con chut chuyn
thnh du cng nh, click phi, chn Properties s hin ra hp thoi sau:
69
Bn chn nh hnh v. Sau chn OK.

Click vo 4 gc ca khung m bn mun v, sau nhn ESC.
3.2.7. Sp xp linh kin ln board mch

Vic b tr linh kin ln board mch l mt trong nhng yu t quan trng quyt nh
n n nh, d v v thm m,v.vca board mch.
Bn c th sp xp linh kin bng tay hoc s dng chc nng t ng sp xp ca
Layout Plus.
3.2.7.1. Sp xp linh kin bng tay
Nhp chut vo biu tng Component Tool trn thanh cng c. di chuyn linh kin no ta nhp
chut vo linh kin , sau , khi nh chut ra v di chuyn th linh kin cng s di chuyn theo. n v
tr cn t linh kin th nhp chut mt ln na, v linh kin s c c inh.

70
Sau khi sp xp mt lc ta c nh sau: nhp chut vo Reconnect Mode
n /hin dy ni
3.2.7.2. Sp xp linh kin t ng

u tin bn cn phi c nh mt s linh kin m bn mun n c t mt v tr xc nh, trnh b
thay i v tr trong qu trnh auto. Di chuyn linh kin n v tr xc nh, nhp chut phi chn Lock.
Sau khi c nh c cc linh kin theo yu cu, chn Auto -> Place -> Board.
3.2.8 V mch
Layout Plus h tr c 2 chc nng v t ng v v bng tay. Thng thng nn kt hp c 2 chc nng
ny, v khi v t ng i khi s c nhng ng mch rt phc tp, lc ta nn iu chnh li bng
tay.
71
3.2.8.1. V t ng
Vo Auto -> Auto Route -> Board, Layout Plus s t ng v mch.
3.2.8.2. V bng tay
Chn Edit Segment Mode

. Kch vo dy mun v, lc dy s gn vi con tr, r
chut to ng mch, kch tri chut c nh ng mch.
i hng ng i ca mch: kch vo cui on dy, sau i theo hng m bn mun v.
Sau khi v xong, nhn ESC kt thc.
Nhp F5 refresh bn mch.
Sau khi v, bn s c nh sau:

72
3.2.9. Hon thin bn mch

V c bn, chng ta hon thnh vic v mch in. Trong phn ny bn s tin hnh mt s thao tc
cui cng trc khi xut mch in
3.2.9.1. Chn mt on text vo mch in
Chn Text Tool t thanh cng c.

New.
Click phi vo mn hnh chn
Hp thoi Text Edit hin ra, trong khung Text String g ni dung cn chn.
Lu : nu bn lm mch in th cng th click chn Mirrored khi i khng b ngc. Chn lp hin th
trong khung Layer ( thng th chnTOP v BOTTOM ), v kch thc ch . chn OK hon tt
Di chuyn on text n v tr cn chn, click chut.

73
3.2.9.2. Ph mass cho mch in

Mc ch ca vn ny l chng nhiu cho mch in.
Cch lm nh sau:
Chn Obstacle Tool.

thnh du cng nh th click phi, chn Property.
Mn hnh s xut hin hp thoi Edit Obstacle.
Nhp chut vo khung mch, con chut co
Trong khung Obstacle Type chn: Copper Pour.

Trong khung Obstacle Layer chn lp cn ph Copper Pour: c th l TOP hay BOTTOM.
Trong khung Net Attachment th chn l GND hoc POWER, ty theo bn mun ph theo GND
hay POWER. Nu khng th ta du
Nhn OK.

74
Bn mch hon chnh:
Nu v mch nhiu lp th trong lc v, nhn phm Backspace v cc phm s hin th mt s lp

nht nh,1: TOP, 2:
BOTTOM, ...
3.2.10. In mch Layout
in mch va v, bn
thc hin cc bc sau:
-
Chn Option ->

Post Process
Settings
Nhp chut phi
vo lp mun in
(vd: lp
BOTTOM), chn
Preview

75
Vo menu File, chn Print/Plot ( Ctrl + P )

Chn nh hnh di ri nhp OK
Kt qu:
Vy l hon chnh 1 board PCB , ti s hng dn cc bn lm mch in th cng ti nh phn sau.

76
Chng 4. Bi tp
Chng 4: Mt s bi tp v d
Phn ny s gii thiu cc bn mt s mch tham kho v bng OrCAD 9.2
4.1 Mch ngun
4.1.1 S nguyn l:
cho mch c gn khi i dy cc bn s dng chc nng t nhn ng mch bng cch nhp
chut vo biu tng Place net alias
bn thanh cng c phi

Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng Tp. HCM
77
Chng 4. Bi tp
t tn cho nhn trong khung Alias, mu ch trong khung Color, v mun thay i nh dng ch th
nhp vo nt Change... trong khung Font
t nhn vo v tr i dy ph hp, lm tng t cho u dy cn li, cc ng mch c chung nhn s
c t ng ni vi nhau khi chuyn qua Layout Plus
Chc nng ny rt hu dng, nht l khi thit k mch phc tp, s dng nhiu IC,... To nhn ng
mch s cho mch nguyn l gn hn v thm m hn
4.1.2 S mch in
Cc bn c th sp xp linh kin theo hnh di
4.1.2.2 V mch ( y s dng ch Autoroute )

Cc thng s v rng ng mch ca mch trn c cho nh hnh:

78
Chng 4. Bi tp
Chn ch chy mch in mt lp ( BOTTOM )

vo Auto Autoroute, ta c nh hnh di
Kim tra cc ng mch v chnh sa li

nu mun. Sau chn Text v ph mass
cho mch
S mch hon chnh

79
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.2 Mch np STK200/300

4.2.1 Gii thiu
Mch np loi ny s dng cho cc board STK200/300 ca Atmel nn thng c gi l STK200/300.
Mch ny giao tip vi my tnh qua cng LPT (cng song song). C 2 phin bn ph bin ca mch
STK200/300 l phin bn thu gn v phin bn s dng IC m dng 74xxx. y s dung mch c
IC m 74HC245, mch ny np rt n nh v an ton. Mch ny c h tr bi rt nhiu chng
trnh np v s dng c cho hu ht cc loi chip AVR. Mch ny c cc linh kin rt d kim v chi
ph r nn c dng nhiu trong gii SV
4.2.2 S nguyn l
Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh:

80
S dung chc nng place no connect
nng
Chng 4. Bi tp
nh du vo cc chn khng i dy. Chc
to ng bus
4.2.3 S mch in
Linh kin trong mch c th c sp xp nh hnh di
4.2.3.2 V mch
Cc thng s rng ng mch tham kho

81
Chng 4. Bi tp
Chy dy lp BOTTOM
Kim tra mch, chn Text v ph mass cho mch

82
Chng 4. Bi tp
Mch hon chnh:
4.3 Mch np AVR USB 910

4.3.1 Gii thiu
Np c hu ht cc dng AVR v mt s chp 89S ca Atmel bng cng USB tin li

Kim tra li sau khi np
H tr kha chp v lp trnh fuse bit
Header chun ISP cho kt ni thun tin
Tc np cao, s dng c vi hu ht cc trnh bin dch
Mch siu nh gn, bc cch in thun tin cho di chuyn, s dng
Cc k n gin trong kt ni, ci t v s dng.
Tng thch vi Windows XP, Vista, Windows7.
4.3.2 S nguyn l
Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh

83
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.3.3 S mch in
C th sp xp linh kin nh hnh:
4.3.3.2 V mch
Bng thng s rng ng mch tham kho

84
Chng 4. Bi tp
Chy dy v hon thin
Kim tra mch v ph mass, ta c mch hon chnh nh sau:

85
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.4 Mch n LED rt ui

4.4.1 Gii thiu
y l mch n trang tr ng dng IC 555 v 4017 rt n gin nhng hiu ng kh p mt.
IC 555 ng vai tr lm xung kch cho 4017 thc hin m. Tc chuyn ng ca n c quyt
nh da vo tn s ca 555
4.4.2 S nguyn l
Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh di
4.4.3 S mch in
S b tr linh kin

86
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.4.3.2 v mch
Chn lp BOTTOM, thay i rng ng mch ph hp ri chn ch chy dy t ng
Sau khi chy dy t ng, vn cn mt s ng mch cha chy c, ta phi tin hnh v bng tay ,
to jumper cho ng mch cn li
Chn ch v tay Edit Segmaent Mode

, nhp chut vo ng mch cn v, di
chuyn n v tr ph hp, chy ht cc ng mch cn li nh l cc ng mch khng ct nhau
Tr v ch Component Tool
thoi sau
, nhp chut phi, chn th New... Xut hin hp

87
Chng 4. Bi tp
Nhp chut vo khung Footprint... tm chn linh kin cho via

88
Chng 4. Bi tp
Nhp chn OK
t vo v tr cn to VIA, cc jumper ny khi lm mch chng ta phi tin hnh hn dy
Mch sau khi to cc jumper, v chnh sa ph hp nh hnh di
Tin hnh ph mass cho mch to bn mch hon chnh, chn text nu mun

89
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.5 Mch ng h s n gin

4.5.1 Gii thiu
Mch ng h s dng Led 7 on hin th gi pht giy, s dng VDK AT89C52 lp trnh iu
khin v IC thi gian thc DS1307. Thch hp cho nhng ai mun t lm mch cho ring mnh hoc tng
bn b
4.5.2 S nguyn l
Mch c s nguyn l nh hnh di
4.5.3 S mch in
S b tr linh kin

90
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.5.3.2 V mch
Chn v mch 1 lp ( BOTTOM ), chnh kch thc rng ng mch ph hp
Autoroute mch in ta c kt qu nh hnh

91
Chng 4. Bi tp
Kim tra mch, to via cho cc jumper, ph mass v ta c mch hon chnh nh sau
b tr linh kin trn board

92
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.6 Mt s mch in t hay

phn ny s gii thiu cho cc bn mt s mch in l th ( su tm ) cc bn c th nghin cu
v v lm board tht.
4.6.1 Mch iu khin ti bng m thanh
4.6.2 Mch n ging sinh

93
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.6.3 Mch to xung 1kHz
4.6.4 Mch bo v qu p
4.6.5 Mch kha s

94
Chng 4. Bi tp
4.6.6 Mch relay bo v dng 1 pha
4.6.7 Mch relay bo v dng 3 pha
4.6.8 Mch ng h vn nin

Mch ny gn v thm m th cc bn nn thit k board 2 lp ( TOP, BOTTOM ).

95
Chng 4. Bi tp
Khi iu khin
Khi hin th

96
Chng 4. Bi tp
y l s mch in tham kho, v trn EAGLE. Trn OrCAD mi ch v mch 2 lp cn mch mt lp

ang hon thin khi hin th na l xong nn s up sau
Khi hin th
Cc jumper

97
Chng 4. Bi tp

98
Chng 4. Bi tp
Khi iu khin
Cc jumper

99
Chng 5. Lm bord th cong
Chng 5: Lm mch in th cng

Phn ny s gii thiu cc bn cch lm board 1 lp th cng ti nh t cc s mch in v trn
OrCAD Layout Plus
5.1 Dng c cn thit
- Panel: tm ng , ty theo board xc nh kch thc ( mua ch Nht To ).
- Dung dch n mn: FeCL3 mua ch, hoc HCL, H2O2.
- Ph kin: Km, khoan (cc mui thng dng 0.6mm 0.8mm 1mm 3mm), giy rp hoc r ra bt hoc
c xoong
5.2 Chun b bn in
Sau khi thit k bn chun b in, nu nh c my in th tt, khng c th phin y ! Nu bn ci Adobe
Acrobat, MS Office 2003 hay FinePrint th c mt tin ch my in o, bn s in ra my in o ny ri em
ra ngoi in v tp tin c cc my in to ra l pdf hoc file nh. Nh th ca hng bn em in khng c
OrCAD cng khng sao. Vn y l bn phi thuyt phc ch tim cho bn in thi.
Hin nay c mt s ca tim cho php bn in mch file .MAX, nhng hi mc. Khng th cc bn chp ci
OrCAD protable trong USB v em ra tim m ci OrCAD chn m file cn in ln v in thi.
Nu bn dng giy can th in ln mt bng (mt bng ca n ging nh mt sau ca ci nhn v dnh
(phn b i)). Loi ny dc nh gi cao nht, n i c nhng ng mch 10mil. Cn giy hng h
cng c, nhng bn nn ng mch phi c 15mil tr nn.
i vi nhng my in mi HP1100 hay Canon LBP 800 tr nn, bn phi chn kiu giy nh nht nu
khng mt giy rng chu. Khi chn giy nn chn loi giy mu vng, nh vy khi i th s thy r hn
5.3 i mch
Trc tin bn nh sch b mt tm ng, cng sch cng tt, em ra sch ri lau kh, bn ct tm
ng thnh tm c kch thc bng vi board bn thit k. Cn giy bn phi ct to hn khung l
xong c ch m bc.
nhit bn l ch max. Sau khi t bn in ln bo ng bn t bn l, l trong khong 5-10
pht, ch l k phn mp. ngui. Nu l giy can th c th bc, cn giy hng h th phi em
ngm nc cho giy mc ra ri bc i.
Khng nn i lu v nh vy s lm nhe ng mch, lm cong board,...
Lm cng nhiu th bn s t rt ra kinh ngim cho ring mnh
5.4 Ngm mch
Bn ly mt t FeCL3 pha vi nc tt nht l nc si. Pha n khi n bo ha. cho vo mt ci a. t
tm ng vo a, nghing a nh ngi ta i vng nu bn pha vi nc si th khong 1 pht l
Nguyn Ngc H. Email : hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh B chnh Vin thng Tp.HCM
100
Chng 5. Lm bord th cong
xong. Cn nc ngui th khong 5 pht. Bn thy ng phn khng c ng mch bong ht ra l

c. Sau dng c xoong nh sch.
5.5 Khoan board
Mi 0.6 khoan chn c chn nh nh diode zener, mi 0.8 l tr, 1 l diode chnh lu. 3 l khoan l
bt vt.
Bn t mi khoan vung gc vi board, bm cng tc, cho khoan qua th tt, tip tc chuyn sang l
khc.
5.6 Bo v mch
trnh cho mch khi b oxi ha bn phi qut ln mch mt lp bo v. Sau khi hn xong, bn ph
lp bo v. Dung dch bo v: RP7 (hng sa xe my, ch tri cng c), Sn bng , nha thng (c bn
ch Nht To).
Vi RP7 hoc sn bng bn phun trc tip vo phn c ng mch.
Cn vi nha thng bn em p nh, em ha tan bng xng hoc axeton (hiu thuc hoc hng
mnh), c mt dung dch dng keo, sau ly bt lng qut ln. Khi axeton hoc xng bay hi th lp
nha thng s bo v mch.
Nguyn Ngc H. Email : hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Lp D10CQDT01_N Hc vin Cng ngh B chnh Vin thng Tp.HCM
101

1hoan Chinh-1326350544

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Nguyn Ngc H

Tp. H Ch Minh - 11/2011

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Chng 1 . Ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 ............................................................................. 10

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

2.3.2 V ng bao v lu linh kin .................................................................................. 43

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

3.2.5 Mt s thao tc cn thit trc khi v Layout .......................................................... 65

4.1.1 S nguyn l ......................................................................................................... 77

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

4.2.1 Gii thiu .................................................................................................................. 80

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

4.6.2 Mch n ging sinh ................................................................................... 93

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Phn 1: Ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2

Cho a CD ci t OrCAD vo my hoc c th chy trc tip trn cng:

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

i vi giy chng ta s thy hp thoi xut hin nh hnh di v yu cu chng ta nn tt ht

Mt hp thoi mi hin ra, chn Next tip tc:

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Chn Yes trong hp thoi Software License Agreement:

Chn Next tip tc trong hp thoi tip theo:

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

hp thoi tip theo, c 2 ty chn: Typical nu ci t cc thnh phn chung ca OrCAD,

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Chn Yes 2 hp thoi tip theo

V cui cng nhn Finish hon

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Qu trnh ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2

Tm n file PDXOrCAD.exe trong th

Xut hin hp thoi ca phn mm Crack PDXOrCAD

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Vy l ci hon tt ci t phn mm OrCAD 9.2 ( Lu : Mi phin bn c mt cch ci t v Crack

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Chng 2. OrCAD Capture

Chng 2: V mch nguyn l bng OrCAD Capture

trn mn hnh Desktop

Mn hnh lm vic ca Capture nh sau:

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Chng 2. OrCAD Capture

Chn menu File -> New -> Project.

Hoc chn nt lnh Create document

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Chng 2. OrCAD Capture

Click vo nt Browse chn ng dn cho project

Nhp tn th mc mun to vo phn Name trong hp thoi Create Directory. OK xc nhn

Mn hnh ca OrCAD Capture nh sau:

Nguyn Ngc H. Email: hanguyen92205@gmail.com

Hng dn s dng phn mm thit k mch in t OrCAD

Chng 2. OrCAD Capture