Bao Cao Thuc Tap

BO CO THC TP
CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH
LI CM N
Knh tha qu thy c Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thc Phm TP.HCM
cng tt c cc c ch, anh ch em hin ang lm vic ti cng ty TNHH sn xut v
thng mi Tn Quang Minh.
Nhm thc tp chng em xin gi li cm n n Ban gim hiu nh trng,
qu thy c khoa Cng Ngh Thc Phm, c bit l thy Vnh Long to iu
kin thun li cho chng em hc tp, hng dn tn tnh trong sut qu trnh thc
tp, gip chng em cng c li c nhng kin thc hc ti trng, ng thi
trang b thm kin thc c bn v ngnh Cng Ngh Thc phm.
Chng em cng xin chn thnh cm n Ban lnh o cng ty, tp th c ch,
anh ch em ti nh my Bidrico, c bit l: ng Nguyn ng Hin-Tng gim c
cng ty, ch Nguyn Th Kim Phng-cn b phng cng ngh ch bin, gip
chng em hiu c phn no cng vic ca mt nhn vin ngnh cng ngh thc
phm. Qua thy c s nhit huyt ca i ng cng nhn vin ti nh my,
chng em c th rt ra c nhng bi hc kinh nghim qu bu cho qu trnh lm
vic sau ny.
Xin knh chc qu cng ty ngy cng vn cao, vn xa hn na, ng thi t
c nhiu thnh cng trong sn xut v kinh doanh.
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!
Tp.HCM, ngy 12 thng 3 nm 2012
Nhm sinh vin trng H Cng Nghip Thc Phm Tp.HCM
GVHD: Vnh Long
BO CO THC TP
MC LC
NI DUNG
Trang
LI CM N ................................................................................................................. 1
LI M U ................................................................................................................ 9
PHN 1: TM HIU CHUNG V NH MY.......................................................... 10
1.1. Tng quan v nh my: ......................................................................................... 10
1.1.1. V tr nh my: ................................................................................................ 10
1.1.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca nh my ............................................... 10
1.2. Qu trnh pht trin cc sn phm ca nh my .................................................... 12
1.2.1. Tnh hnh sn xut ........................................................................................... 12
1.2.2. Chng loi sn phm ....................................................................................... 12
1.2.3. Mt s sn phm ca cng ty. ........................................................................ 12
1.3. Vn thu mua nguyn liu v tnh hnh tiu th sn phm: ............................... 21
1.4. Ngun nng lng ................................................................................................. 21
1.4.1. L hi:............................................................................................................. 21
1.4.2. Ngun nc: ................................................................................................... 22
1.4.3. Ngun in: ..................................................................................................... 22
1.5. C cu t chc v qun l ca nh my: ............................................................... 22
1.5.1. S t chc: ................................................................................................. 22
1.6. Nhim v v chc nng ca tng b phn: ........................................................... 24
1.6.1. Hi ng thnh vin: ...................................................................................... 24
1.6.2. Gim c cng ty: ........................................................................................... 24
1.6.3. Cc ph gim c chuyn mn: ..................................................................... 24
1.6.3.1. Ph gim c k thut: ........................................................................................... 24
1.6.3.2. Ph gim c cng ngh ch bin: ...................................................................... 24
1.6.3.3. Ph gim c ph trch v k hoch sn xut ................................................. 25
1.6.3.4. Ph Gim c kinh doanh- tip th: ................................................................... 25
1.6.3.5. Cc anh ch em tng khu: ................................................................................ 25
1.7. S mt bng tng th ca nh my: .................................................................. 25
GVHD: Vnh Long
BO CO THC TP
PHN 2. CNG NGH SN XUT .......................................................................... 28

2.1. Nguyn liu: .......................................................................................................... 28
2.1.1. Nc: .............................................................................................................. 28
2.1.2. ng: ............................................................................................................ 28
2.1.3. CO2: ................................................................................................................ 29
2.1.4. Hng liu thc phm: ................................................................................... 29
2.1.5. Cc cht mu: ................................................................................................. 31
2.1.6. Acid thc phm: ............................................................................................. 33
2.1.7. Cc cht bo qun: .......................................................................................... 33
2.1.8. Cc nguyn liu v ph gia khc: ................................................................... 35
2.2. Chun b nguyn liu ............................................................................................. 36
2.2.1. Nc: .............................................................................................................. 36
2.2.2. ng: ............................................................................................................ 40
2.2.3. CO2 .................................................................................................................. 41
2.2.4. Cc cht ph gia trong cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht c gaz ................. 41
2.3. Cng ngh sn xut nc ngt c gaz hng x x:.............................................. 42
2.3.1. Thuyt minh quy trnh ................................................................................................ 44
2.3.1.1. X l nc: ................................................................................................................ 44
2.3.1.2. X l CO2:.................................................................................................................. 52
2.3.1.3. Chun b siro. ............................................................................................................ 53
2.3.1.4. Lm lnh nc .......................................................................................................... 55
2.3.1.5. Phi trn - lm lnh .................................................................................. 55
2.3.1.6. Bo ha CO2 ............................................................................................................... 56
2.3.1.6. Chit rt sn phm .................................................................................................... 57
2.3.1.8. Lm m chai, lon ....................................................................................................... 57
2.3.1.9. Lm kh ....................................................................................................................... 58
2.3.1.10.Dn nhn, v thng ................................................................................................. 58
2.3.2. Tiu chun thnh phm:.................................................................................. 59
PHN 3: MY MC V THIT B CA NH MY ............................................. 60
3.1. H thng x l CO2 ............................................................................................... 60
3.1.1. Cu to h thng ............................................................................................. 60
GVHD: Vnh Long
BO CO THC TP
3.1.1.1. Tc cha CO2 lng: .................................................................................................. 60

3.1.1.2. Thp gia nhit: ........................................................................................................... 60
3.1.1.3. Nhm 3 bnh lc kh CO2: ...................................................................................... 61
3.2. Thit b trao i nhit ............................................................................................ 63
3.3. Thit b bo ha CO2 ............................................................................................. 64
3.4. Thit b hp ............................................................................................................ 65
3.4.1. Cu to ............................................................................................................ 65
3.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng ....................................................................................... 66
3.4.3. Cch vn hnh................................................................................................. 66
3.4.4. S c v cch khc phc ................................................................................. 66
3.5. Thit b nu siro ..................................................................................................... 67
3.5.1. S thit b h thng nu: ............................................................................ 67
3.5.2. Qu trnh nu sir ............................................................................................ 67
3.6. H thng sc ra thit b........................................................................................ 68
3.6.1. V sinh thit b. ............................................................................................... 68
3.6.1.1. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh ty ra v kh trng: ....................................... 68
3.6.1.2. V sinh thit b trong x l nc: ........................................................................ 69
3.6.1.3. V sinh my chit rt: ............................................................................................. 70
3.6.1.4. V sinh thit b lm sch CO2: .............................................................................. 70
3.7. Thit b ra, rt ng np chai lon nc c gas .................................................... 71
PHN 4. TM HIU MT S VN KHC ........................................................ 73
4.1. Cch t chc, iu hnh mt ca sn xut .............................................................. 73
4.1.1. Thi gian lm vic ca cng ty ....................................................................... 73
4.1.2 iu hnh sn xut ........................................................................................... 73
4.2. Cc quy nh v v sinh c nhn, v sinh thit b, phn xng nhm m bo cht
lng v v sinh v an ton cho ngi, sn phm........................................................ 73
4.2.1. Trong khu vc sn xut ................................................................................... 73
4.2.2. Trong cng ty: ................................................................................................. 74
4.3. H thng x l nc thi ....................................................................................... 74
4.3.1. Thuyt minh quy trnh .................................................................................... 75
4.3.2. Vn hnh: ........................................................................................................ 76
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4.3.3. S c v cch khc phc ................................................................................. 77

KT LUN .................................................................................................................. 79
NHN XT V KIN NGH ..................................................................................... 80
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................ 81
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DANH MC CC BNG
Bng 1.1 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc gii kht c gas ........................ 12
Bng 1.2 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong sa chua tit trng Yobi .................... 15
Bng 1.3 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc p tri cy A*nuta ................... 15
Bng 1.4 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc tng lc Red Tiger ................... 16
Bng 1.5 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc yn ngn nh............................. 17
Bng 1.6 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong rau cu .............................................. 19
Bng 1.7 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong tr b ao .......................................... 20
Bng 1.8 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong tr xanh A*nuta ................................ 20
Bng 2.1 Bng tiu chun Vit Nam 1695 -75 v cht lng ng ............. 29
Bng 2.2 Bng ch tiu cht lng nc x l ti cty Tn Quang Minh .. 39
Bng 2.3 Tiu chun cht lng ng .......................................................... 40
Bng 2.4 S c v khc phc khi x l nc .................................................. 50
Bng 3.1 Cc ha cht dng trong ty ra v kh trng ................................. 69
GVHD: Vnh Long
BO CO THC TP
DANH MC CC HNH
Hnh 1.1: Tng th cng ty Bidrico................................................................... 10
Hnh 1.2: Logo cng ty...................................................................................... 11
Hnh 1.3: Cc loi nc gii kht c gaz dng chai pet ca cng ty Bidrico. .. 13
Hnh 1.4: Cc loi nc gii kht c gaz dng lon ca cng ty Bidrico ........... 14
Hnh 1.5: Sa chua tit trng Yobi ................................................................... 14
Hnh 1.6: Nc p tri cy A*nuta vi cc loi hng .................................... 15
Hnh 1.7: Nc tng lc Red Tiger dng chai 200 ml v lon 240 ml .............. 16
Hnh 1.8: Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico............................................................ 17
Hnh 1.9: Nc yn ngn nh Bidrico. .............................................................. 17
Hnh 1.10: Rau cu Bidrico ............................................................................... 18
Hnh 1.11: Nc sm cao ly .............................................................................. 19
Hnh 1.12: Tr b ao A*nuta............................................................................ 19
Hnh 1.13 : Tr xanh A*nuta ............................................................................. 20
Hnh 1.14: Tr tho dc Tam Thanh ............................................................... 21
Hnh 2.1: H thng lc nc s b ................................................................... 45
Hnh 2.2: Ct lc v hnh ct ct lc vi bng ................................................. 45
Hnh 2.3: B lc tinh (lc ch)........................................................................... 46
Hnh 2.4: Ct lc trao i ion ............................................................................ 47
Hnh 2.5: Mt ct ng lc vi sinh ...................................................................... 48
Hnh 2.6: Dy chuyn nc ngt c gaz lon 330ml .......................................... 57
Hnh 3.1: Cu to thp ha kh CO2 lng .......................................................... 61
Hnh 3.2: Thit b trao i nhit dng tm ........................................................ 63
Hnh 3.3: M hnh dy chuyn bo ha CO2 .................................................... 64
Hnh 3.4: Cu to bung my hp chai, lon ...................................................... 65
Hnh 3.5: Thit b ra chai ................................................................................ 71
Hnh 3.6: Thit b chit rt ng np chai lon nc c gas .............................. 72
Hnh 4.1: H thng x l nc thi ................................................................... 74
GVHD: Vnh Long
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DANH MC CC S
S 1.1 S t chc v qun l ca nh my............................................ 23
S 1.2 S mt bng tng th nh my ................................................... 26
S 2.1 Quy trnh sn xut nc ngt c gaz hng x x .......................... 43
S 2.2 Quy trnh x l nc ....................................................................... 44
S 2.3 S ca thit b x l nc .......................................................... 49
S 2.4 Quy trnh x l CO2 ........................................................................ 52
S 2.5 Quy trnh sn xut siro .................................................................... 53
S 3.1 S h thng x l CO2 ................................................................ 62
S 3.2 S nguyn l thit b trao i nhit............................................... 63
S 3.3 S h thng my hp chai, lon .................................................... 65

S 3.4 S h thng nu ng ................................................................ 67
S 4.1 Quy trnh x l nc thi ................................................................ 75
S 4.2 H thng x l nc thi................................................................. 78
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LI M U
Di sc nng oi bc v ci nng chi chang ca ma h nh hin nay th
khng g c th gip cho c th cm thy sng khoi bng ung mt ly nc mt. Tht
vy, nc l mt nhu cu tt yu ca cuc sng. Vi xu hng ngy cng pht trin
nh hin nay th ngi tiu dng khng ch ung nc gii kht m cn c mc
ch cha bnh, gii c, tng sc khng nhm nng cao gi tr cuc sng.
Th trng nc gii kht Vit Nam c nh gi l th trng y tim nng,
rt thch hp cho cc nh kinh doanh u t v sn xut. Chnh v vy, ng vng
trong mi trng si ng, y hp dn ny cc nh kinh doanh khng ch cn tnh
quyt on m cn phi c s tnh ton cn thn a ra chin lc kinh doanh pht
trin thch hp c v k thut, cng ngh v th trng tiu th.
Nm bt c nhng xu hng y cng ty Tn Quang Minh hn 10 nm hnh
thnh v pht trin tri qua bao nhiu thng trm, kh khn gi y khng nh
c ch ng vng, vi n lc khng ngng sng to v nghin cu cho ra th
trng nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau mang thng hiu Bidrico. Tt c sn phm
u c sn xut trn dy chuyn, thit b hin i, khp kn v m bo v sinh an
ton thc phm: HACCP, ISO 9001:2008, cGMP. T cho ra i nhiu dng sn
phm t cht lng nh nc ngt c gaz v khng c gaz, sa tit trng Yobi, nc
yn ngn nh, nc tng lc Red Tiger, nc ung tinh khit, Anuta, rau cu,
Nhiu sn phm ca cng ty c a ra gp phn lm a dng v phong ph
hn cho th trng nc gii kht trong v ngoi nc. Nhng nm gn y cng ty
lin tc sng to, thay i mu m, hnh dng bao b, cht lng sn phm p ng
nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng ng thi nng cao tnh cnh tranh ca cng ty trn th
trng.
Mc d c s gip tn tnh ca cc thy c v c ch, cc anh ch
trong cng ty, song do thi gian c hn v vn kin thc v l thuyt v thc t ca
chng em cn hn ch nn bi bo co s khng trnh khi nhng thiu st rt mong
nhn c kin ng gp qu bu ca qu thy c cng qu cng ty bi bo co
ca chng em c hon thin hn.
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BO CO THC TP
CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH
PHN 1: TM HIU CHUNG V NH MY

1.1. Tng quan v nh my:
1.1.1. V tr nh my:
Cng ty TNHH Sn xut v Thng mi TN QUANG MINH c t ti
ng 2F khu cng nghip Vnh Lc-huyn Bnh Chnh-Tp.HCM.
Hnh 1.1 Tng th cng ty Bidrico

1.1.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca nh my
Cng ty Tn Quang Minh tin thn l c s sn xut Quang Minh c thnh
lp 1992 v c t ti Bc Bnh Thnh. n 1995 c s c chuyn ln Phan Vn
Tr, qun G Vp. Trc y, ngnh ngh kinh doanh ca cng ty ch yu sn xut
trn dy truyn th cng v bn th cng. Hng ha sn xut ch yu tiu th th
trng Vit Nam, Lo, CamPuChia. n nm 2001 cng ty TN QUANG MINH
c thnh lp theo ng k kinh doanh s 210200681 ngy 28/08/2001.
Nm thnh lp: 2001.
Tng gim c: ng Nguyn ng Hin.
a im tr s: L C21/1, ng 2F, khu cng nghip Vnh Lc, huyn
Bnh Chnh, TP. H Ch Minh
T: (84.8) 37652567 - 37652568 - 37652569 - 37652570 - 37652980
Fax: (84.8) 37652979
Email: bidrico_company@yahoo.com.au.
bidricocompany@vnn.vn.
Website: www.bidrico.com.vn.
Tn giao dch TAN QUANG MINH manufacture and tracding Co, Ltd.
Tn vit tt: TAN QUANG MINH Co, Ltd
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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Logo:
Hnh 1.2 Logo cng ty

Loi hnh: Cng ty TNHH
Th trng: Ni a v xut khu
Tng din tch ca cng ty l 15.000 m2 kp thi a vo sn xut, cng ty
khn trng xy dng vo u thng 5/2002 v hon tt vic xy dng vo
thng 12/2002 gm nhng hng mc sau:
-
Kho nguyn liu: 2760m2
Kho thnh phm: 5.000m2
Nh xng sn xut: 2.550m2
Vn phng: 234m2
Khu phng th nghim KCS lu mu: 98m2
ng ni b v cy xanh: 3.500m2
Nh n: 320m2
Nh xe: 320m2
Cng trnh ph khc: 100m2
Din tch d phng: 4.530m2
Cng ty TN QUANG MINH v ang lp t nhng thit b my mc, t

ng phc v cho cc mt hng:
-
Cc loi nc ngt c gaz
Cc loi nc ngt khng gaz
Cc loi nc c ch bin t hoa qu tho mc
Cc sn phm sa chua, sa ti.
Rau cu
Nc yn ngn nh
Nc sm cao ly
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1.2. Qu trnh pht trin cc sn phm ca nh my

1.2.1. Tnh hnh sn xut
Hin ti cng ty TN QUANG MINH lun lun i mi v khng ngng pht
trin cng vi s n lc ca ton th ban lnh o, cn b cng nhn vin nn nng
sut nh my cng gia tng. Trong nhng nm gn y cng ty TN QUANG MINH
khng ngng tm kim, v nghin cu cho ra nhng sn phm p ng nhu cu th
trng.
1.2.2. Chng loi sn phm
Sn phm ca cng ty rt a dng v phong ph v c ng k ti s Y t
TP.H Ch Minh. Cc sn phm ca cng ty c mang 2 thng hiu l Bidrico,
Yobi. y hai thng hiu tng t cc danh hiu:
- Huy chng vng ti cc k hi ch Quc t hng cng nghip Vit Nam.
- Sn phm cht lng cao v sc khe cng ng.
- Bng khen Top 100 sn phm tiu biu ng dng Khoa Hc v Cng
Ngh nm 2008 do B Khoa Hc v Cng Ngh c quan i Din pha Nam trao
tng nm 2008.
- Giy chng nhn ISO 9001 2008; HACCP; cGMP do t chc Qun l
cht lng NQA cp nm 2010.
- Giy chng nhn Top 30 web vng doanh nghip do Bo Ngi Lao
ng cp nm 2009
- Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao do ngi tiu dng bnh chn nm 2002
2003 2004.
1.2.3. Mt s sn phm ca cng ty.
Thnh phn
Ch tiu
ng tinh luyn
70 g/l
Acid citric
2 g/l
Cht bo qun
1g/l
Hng tng hp
Mu thc phm
Bng 1.1 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc gii kht c gaz
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- Nc gii kht c gaz: Gm nhiu sn phm khc nhau vi nhiu hng

v nh: Cam, Du, Vi, Cola, Cream Soda, Chanh
S x
Vi
Du
Tng lc
X x
Vi
Cam
Cola
Chanh
Cola
Cream soda
Cam
B ao
To
Me
Hnh 1.3 Cc loi nc gii kht c gaz dng chai pet ca cng ty Bidrico.
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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BO CO THC TP
- Nc ngt c gaz Bidrico: Vi cc hng v: Cam, Cola, X x, Vi,

Chanh ng trong lon 330ml.
Vi
Cam
Chanh
Cola
X x
Hnh 1.4 Cc loi nc gii kht c gaz dng lon ca cng ty Bidrico
-
Sa chua tit trng Yobi: vi cc hng v: Cam, Du, Mng cu ng
trong hp 180ml v chai nha 110ml .
Hng du
Hng cam
Hng mng cu
Hnh 1.5 Sa chua tit trng Yobi
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Thnh phn
Ch tiu
Sa bt 28% bo
Bo/lipit 10g/l
ung tinh luyn
m/protein 10g/l
Cht to chua ( acid citric khong
ng/carbonhydat 80g/l
0.3-0.6 g/l )
Cht bo qun 211
chua/ acid citric 2g/l
Hng tng hp
Cht bo qun 0.05 g/l
Mu tng hp
Bng 1.2 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong sa chua tit trng Yobi.
- Nc p tri cy A*nuta : vi cc hng v: Cam, To, Thm C Chua,
Me, Chanh dy,...ng trong lon 330ml.
Chanh dy
To
Me
Cam
Xoi
Khm
Khm C chua
Hnh 1.6 Nc p tri cy A*nuta vi cc loi hng

Thnh phn
Ch tiu
ng tinh luyn
ng 80g/l
Cht to v ( acid citric )
3g/l
Cht bo qun 211
1g/l
Bng 1.3 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc p tri cy A*nuta.
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Nc tng lc Red Tiger: ng trong chai 180ml v lon 240ml.
Chai 200 ml
Lon 240 ml
Hnh 1.7 Nc tng lc Red Tiger dng chai 200 ml v lon 240 ml
Thnh phn
Ch tiu
ng tinh luyn
98 g/l
ng glucose
30g/l
Acid citric
7g/l
Taurine
4 g/l
Inossitol
0.2 g/l
Vitamin B1
5g/l
Vitamin B6
50 g/l
Vitamin B12
1g/l
Natribenzoat
1g/l
Hng
10/00
Bng 1.4 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc tng lc Red Tiger
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Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico: ng trong bnh 21 lt, 0.5 lt v 0.35 lt
Hnh 1.8 Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico.

- Nc yn ngn nh Bidrico: ng trong lon 240ml
Hnh 1.9 Nc yn ngn nh Bidrico.

Thnh phn
Ch tiu
Hm lng ung
77 g/l
X th
0-3 g/l
Ngn nh
5-10 g/l
Natribenzoat
0.6 g/l
Bng 1.5 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc yn ngn nh

-
Rau cu Bidrico: ng trong bch 0.5 kg, 1kg, vi nhiu hng v tri cy:
Cam, Vi,Da Gang, Da, Chui, To, Vi, Xoi, Mng Cu, Khm, i, Khoai Mn.
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- Rau cu Bidrico: ng trong bch 0.5kg v 1kg.
Bch 0.5 Kg
Bch 1Kg
H 600gr
H 610 gr
H 1Kg
Hnh 1.10 Rau cu Bidrico
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Thnh phn
Ch tiu
Nc tinh lc
Cht to chua 3-4 g/l
ng tinh luyn
ng tng 200 g/l
Bt rau cu
Cht bo qun 1 g/l
Acid citric
Mu tng hp
Cht bo qun 211
Bng 1.6 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong rau cu Bidrico.
- Sm cao ly Bidrico: ng trong lon 240 ml.
Lon 240 ml
Khay 24 lon
Hnh 1.11 Nc sm cao ly
Tr b ao A*nuta: ng trong lon 330ml.
Hnh 1.12 Tr b ao A*nuta
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Thnh phn
Ch tiu
Nc ct b ao
Hm lng ng 77 g/l
ng tinh luyn
Hm lng cht kh 100 g/l
Acid citric
Acid citric 2 g/l
Cht bo qun 211
Cht bo qun 1 g/l
Bng 1.7: Thnh phn v ch tiu trong tr b ao
Tr xanh A*nuta ng trong chai 365ml v 500ml.
Chai 365 ml
Chai 500 ml
Hnh 1.13 Tr xanh A*nuta

Thnh phn
Fitered water, Fresh Brewed,
Green tea, Crystalline
fructose, Acid citric, sugar,
Natural Lemon, Flavors and
Artifical color, Sodium
Benzoat
Ch tiu
Total fat:0g
Sodium:41mg
Total carbonhydrat:13g
Sugar:9,8g
Protein:0,031g
Bng 1.8 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong tr xanh A*nuta
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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- Tr tho dc Tam Thanh c ng trong chai PET 500ml, 365ml v ng

lon 330ml.
Hnh 1.14 Tr tho dc Tam Thanh

1.3. Vn thu mua nguyn liu v tnh hnh tiu th sn phm:
Vn thu mua nguyn liu: c c hng liu ng mc ch, ng tiu
chun nh sn xut phi nhp trc tip t nhng nh cung cp mi chuyn nghip v
yu cu km theo phiu kim nghim, giy chng nhn, cng thc ha hc.
Tnh hnh tiu th sn phm: 15 nm qua cng ty a ra nhiu sn phm
mang thng hiu Bidrico tr thnh sn phm cao cp khng ch cht lng m cn
hnh thc mu m ca sn phm. Va qua cng ty sn xut thnh cng dng thc
ung dinh dng mang thng hiu Anuta t tri cy thin nhin: Cam, To, Thm
- C Chua, Nc Me, Chanh Dy v d nh s cho ra th trng cc loi nc p tri
cy khc nh: Xoi, Bi, Lu, Mng Ct Ngoi nguyn liu chnh t tri cy thin
nhin, cc sn phm cn cung cp Vitamin v cc cht b dng cn thit cho c th,
c bit trong nc p tri cy c cht x, c tc dng h tr cho ng tiu ha.
Sn phm Bidrico c ngi tiu dng bnh chn hng Vit Nam cht lng
cao 6 nm lin, thng hiu mnh, thng hiu ni ting ti Vit Nam.
1.4. Ngun nng lng
1.4.1. L hi:
Cc thng s c bn ca l hi:
Nhit hi: 1800C
p sut: 10 at
Lng hi cung cp: 1000 kg/gi
Nhin liu chnh: Du FO
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Hi c cung cp cho b phn nh my nh nu ng, nu sa, thanh trng,

hp lon, tit trng cng ty ny s dng l hi LHD1-10. T hp ng l v ng
la, l c kt cu t mt ng l, thn l v 2 dn ng la. Bung t c b tr
trong ng l.
1.4.2. Ngun nc:
c ly t trm cp nc khu cng nghip Vnh Lc v nc thy cc t
su 100m, t tiu chun s dng cho cng ty do cng ty s dng cc b phn (lc
th, trao i ion, lc tinh).
1.4.3. Ngun in:
c ti t li in thuc trm pht in ca khu cng nghip Vnh Lc.
1.5. C cu t chc v qun l ca nh my:
1.5.1. S t chc:
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HI NG THNH VIN
I ISO
TNG GIM C
I HACCP
TR L TG
BAN ISO
I cGMP
I THM TRA
TP. HC
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S 1.1 S t chc v qun l ca nh my

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1.6. Nhim v v chc nng ca tng b phn:

1.6.1. Hi ng thnh vin:
L c quan cao nht, quyt nh phng hng v ng li pht trin ca
cng ty. Hi ng thnh vin bu Ch Tch, b nhim Gim c, k ton trng. Ch
tch hi ng kim nhim gim c cng ty.
1.6.2. Gim c cng ty:
L ngi iu hnh ton b hot ng ca cng ty. C quyn b nhim cc Ph
Gim c, Trng Phng, Qun c, i Trng, T trng v l ngi iu hnh
trc tip:
Phng ngn qu: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng k ton: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng vt t: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng KCS: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng hnh chnh nhn vin do 01 Trng phng ph trch v iu hnh
trc tip cc b phn: Hnh chnh vn th, dch thut, nhn s, nh n v bp n (v
sinh, an ninh trt t, hnh chnh), t v sinh, i bo v (an ninh, cy xanh) v ni tr.
1.6.3. Cc ph gim c chuyn mn:
1.6.3.1. Ph gim c k thut:
Ph t k thut cho gim c. Mi Ph Gim c k thut iu hnh trc tip
mi n v:
T sa cha bo tr nh xng
Xng sa cha ot, c kh , in my
Phng c in
1.6.3.2. Ph gim c cng ngh ch bin:
Ph t cho gim c v cng ngh ch bin v iu hnh:
Phng k hoch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng pha ch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
T nu sa: Do 01 T trng ph trch
T nu ng: Do 01 T trng ph trch
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1.6.3.3. Ph gim c ph trch v k hoch sn xut

L ngi ph t ca Gim c v k hoch vt t, sn xut v iu phi sn
xut, iu hnh trc tip:
- Phng k hoch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
- Phng pha ch: Do Ban Qun c ph trch
- T chc v qun l kho thnh phm: Do 01 th kho ph trch
- T chc v qun l kho nguyn liu: Do 01 th kho ph trch
1.6.3.4. Ph Gim c kinh doanh- tip th:
L ph t Gim c v hot ng kinh doanh, qung co tip th ca cng ty
v iu hnh trc tip:
Phng kinh doanh: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng tip th, qung co: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
i vn chuyn: Do 01 i trng ph trch
1.6.3.5. Cc anh ch em tng khu:
L nhng ngi trc tip sn xut di s lnh o ca ban qun c cc phn
xng. Gia cc phng ban chc nng tuy c nhim v c th khc nhau nhng c
mi quan h mt thit vi nhau trong qu trnh hot ng.
1.7.
S mt bng tng th ca nh my:
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W
C
Kho
ng
&&
Kho
nguyn liu
ph gia
Kho bao b
X l
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cp
Khu vc
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Kho bao b
* Ch thch:
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Khu sn xut bao b
Khu x
l nc
thi
Nh xe
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Ch thch:
A: Phng bo v
B: Cng
C: H cha nc
E: Hng cy xanh
G: B cha nguyn liu
S 1.2 S mt bng tng th nh my
u v nhc im:
u im:
Nh my c t trong khu cng nghip Vnh Lc nn c thun li v ng
giao thng, a th a hnh thun li cho v kinh doanh.
a im xy dng nh my khng b nh hng bi tc ng bn ngoi nh
bi, ting n, mi l bi vt nui.
Cch b tr kho nguyn liu, khu sn xut v kho thnh phm hp l ph hp
v thun li cho vic vn chuyn v sn xut kinh doanh.
Nhc im:
Cch b tr kho cha chai cha ph hp khi cch xa kho nguyn liu v khu
vc sn xut, tn km chi ph sn xut.
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PHN 2. CNG NGH SN XUT

2.1. Nguyn liu:
2.1.1. Nc:
Nc l thnh phn ch yu ca nc gii kht ni chung v nc pha ch ni
ring. Thnh phn ho hc v tnh cht ho l, cht lng ca nc nh hng trc
tip n k thut sn xut v cht lng ca sn phm.
Trong sn xut nc gii kht ngi ta dng nc mm pha ch. cng
cc ngun nc t nhin rt khc nhau v ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: a l, thi
gian trong nm, su ca ngun nc V vy cn phi x l nc trc khi a
vo pha ch nc gii kht.
2.1.2. ng:
ng l thnh phn chnh quan trng nh hng n cc ch tiu cht lng v
dinh dng ca nc gii kht pha ch. Hm lng ng trong nc gii kht chim
8-10% trng lng. ng ng vai tr quan trong trong cng ngh nc gii kht,
thng cung cp nng lng v cht dinh dng cho c th.
Ngoi ra, ng cn l cht lm du v to v hi ho gia v chua v v ngt to
cm gic sng khoi v thch th cho ngi s dng.
Trong cng nghip sn xut nc gii kht, ngi ta thng dng ng
Saccharoza sn xut. Phn t Saccharoza gm mt phn t glucoza v mt phn t
fructoza lin kt vi nhau nh nhm hydroxyl (-OH) glucozit ca chng.
Ngoi ra, cht ngt tng hp a vo pha ch nc gii kht phi nm trong
danh mc cho php ca B Y T v vi mt hm lng cho php. Cht ngt thng
c s dng cho ngi n king, gim bo nh:Aspartame, Acesunfarme - K.
ng dng trong nc gii kht Bidrico l ng tinh luyn, c mua t
nh my sn xut trong nc. ng trc khi em i sn xut cn phi kim tra cc
ch tiu cm quan (nh: trng ng nh, ht ng tng i ng u, khng c tp
cht hay mi v l, khng vn cc) v cc ch tiu ho (nh: m, hm lng
ng Saccharoza, hm lng tro, hm lng kim loi nng) v ch tiu vi sinh
(tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh, nm men, nm mc, Ecoli).
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Theo tiu chun Vit Nam 1695 -75 v cht lng ng nh sau:
Ch tiu
ng knh loi 1 (%)
ng knh loi 2 (%)
Hm lng Saccharoza
99,67
99,45
0,07
0,07
Hm lng tro
0, 10
0,15
Hm lng ng kh
0,15
0,17
Bng 2.1: Bng tiu chun Vit Nam 1695 -75 v cht lng ng
2.1.3. CO2:
Trong cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht c gas (CO2), CO2 l yu t to nn s
c trng ca sn phm. Trong thin nhin CO2 c to ra t s h hp ca ng vt,
thc vt cng nh con ngi. CO2 cng c to ra t phn ng chy, nung vi vi,
phn ng ln men hoc t cc ging nc cha CO2.
Vai tr ca CO2 trong sn xut nc gii kht:
To bt, the u li lm tng gi tr cm quan.
Hn ch hot ng ca tp khun, gi cho nc gii kht lu b h.
Khi ho tan CO2 vo trong nc s to thnh acid cacbonic c v chua du.
Khi ta ung nc gi kht c cha CO2 vo c th th c H2CO3 ta nhit gii phng
v bay hi CO2 gy cm gic mt d chu v v cay nng cho ngi s dng.
Yu cu cht lng CO2:
CO2 phi tinh khit 99,5%, mu trng khng c mi v l.
cng ty Tn Quang Minh dng CO2 dng lng c cung cp t cc
nh my sn xut t nguyn liu ma r ng v c nn trong bn ln bng thp
300C v p lc 60-70 at.
CO2 trc khi a vo sn xut cn phi lm sch mi, v, tp cht
khng gy hi n cht lng sn phm.
2.1.4. Hng liu thc phm:
Mc d ch ng gp mt t l nh trong thnh phn to thnh sn phm v hu
nh khng c gi tr dinh dng, hng liu nh s h tr ca ng v cc cht ph
gia khc ng vai tr chnh to nn mi v c trng ca nc ngt, v l im ct
yu hp dn ngi tiu dng.
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Hng liu l im ni bt quan trng ca nc ngt, v n l yu t c trng

ca sn phm, m t ngi ta qung co bn sn phm.
Thng rt kh phn bit gia mi (odor) v v (taste). V c mi v v u
c nhn bit nh s kt hp ca khu gic v v gic.
S phi hp mi v v ca cc sn phm l iu b mt ca mi nh my cho
ra mt sn phm tt v c th trng u thch. Cc hng liu c dng sn
xut nc gii kht gm c: cht trch ly trong cn, cht trch ly khng c cn, nc
qu c c, nh tng. V c bn, hng liu gm hai thnh phn: hng l thnh
phn quan trng to ra mi v dung mi (solvent), thng l cn, nc, glycerine,
glycol.
Phn loi: trong cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht ngi ta thng s dng 2 loi
hng l hng t nhin v hng nhn to.
Hng liu t nhin:
Hng liu t nhin c chit xut t thc vt (qu, l, r) to ra hng
nh cam, chanh, s x, bc h thng c dng trch ly trong cn, hay t tht qu (ct
cam, da) ct qu thng thm acide, cht bo qun gi cho sn phm n nh
trong mt thi gian.
Hng liu t nhin c thu nhn t cc loi nguyn liu t nhin ban u
c tch ra bng phng php vt l:
Phng php chng ct hi nc: tinh du.
Phng php chng ct cn: Alcolat.
Phng php nghin: cht nghin.
Phng php trch ly v bay hi: cht trch ly.
Phng php bo v bay hi: nc p thng hoc c c.
Ngoi ra cn thu nhn bng phng php vi sinh.
c im ca hng t nhin l sn phm cui cng c th t 100% t nhin,
mi ca sn phm y n, di hn mi tng hp. Tuy nhin, sn phm d b oxy ha
bi oxy ca khng kh v b phn hy bi nh sng mt tri.
Hng liu nhn to (tng hp)
Hng liu nhn to c sn xut vi nhiu gc ha hc phi hp li. V d
tinh du chui, l, du, to, da
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Hng liu hn hp gm c hng liu t nhin v hng liu tng hp.

Thng thng ngi ta pha thm hng liu tng hp vo hng liu t nhin c
mi thm mnh hn.
Cc hng liu thng dng cht lng, khng mu hoc mu vng hoc mu
sm, c thnh phn ha hc rt a dng (aceton, aldehyt, cc este phc tp v cc
nhm cht hu c khc nhau).
c im ca chng l d bay hi cao, ngay 00C. Do c mi thm mnh.
T trng t 0,80 0,98; ha tan nhiu ete, cn etylic, aceton Tinh du d b oxy ha
do tc dng ca khng kh.
Bidrico thng s dng hng dng lng (du, vi ) dng nh nh cam
nhp t Chu u.
Nng s dng thng 1 2%.
Hng c th ho tan trc tip vo sn phm hoc ho tan vo sn phm qua
mt dung mi nh cn, propylene
Hng khi mua cn phi kim tra k cng v tnh php l, chng loi, cc
thnh phn ho l, cc tp cht hoc cc cht gy hi cho c th con ngi.
Do cc tnh cht c bit ca hng liu nn hng liu phi c bo qun tt
khng b bin i mi v, tch lp hoc oxi ha v nhim vi sinh vt.
Hng liu c ni kh ro, thong mt, ti, khng c nh nng mt tri
trnh b oxi ha.
Cc bnh cha phi c np y kn, v nn cha trong cc bnh ca chnh nh
sn xut, khng nn dng bnh kim loi.
Cc hng liu d khng c tr li bnh cha. Vi ct qu khi m np
bnh cha, phi dng ht. Khng nn s dng hng liu qu lu. Trong ngnh
NGK, cc hng liu phi tan c trong nc. Cc hng liu dng du cha nhiu
tecpen v secquitecpen khng tan trong nc, phi c ha tan trong cn etylic trc
khi a vo pha ch siro.
2.1.5. Cc cht mu:
Mc ch s dng: trng thi ngoi quan ca sn phm c mu sc tng t
cc loi qu hoc thc phm chng mang tn (nh cam, chanh, du) ngi ta thm
mu thc phm vo trong thc phm to mu sc hp dn ngi tiu dng.
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Phn loi v yu cu:

Gm c hai loi: mu t nhin v mu nhn to
Mu t nhin: c trch ly t l (mu xanh l da, mu tm l cm),
c (mu ta ca c dn, mu vng ca c ngh), qu (mu cam ca qu gc, mu
ca ht iu mu). Chng thng c gi tr cao v liu dng ln nn thch hp
vi cc sn phm cao cp, sn phm b dng, sn phm cho tr em, sn phm
dc
Mu tng hp: c to bng phng php ho hc t cc nguyn
liu nhn to. Mu tng hp thng r, s dng vi hm lng thp v kh bn.
Mu trc khi s dng phi c nh gi cm quan v kim tra mu
theo tiu chun chn, phi c s cho php ca B Y T.
Mu caramen: l sn phm nhn c t sacaroza khi un ti 180 1900C,
l cht lng c mu sm ti, v hi ng. Khi sacaroza b nng chy tip tc b mt
nc to thnh caramen.
S to thnh caramen xy ra qua 3 giai on:
Giai on 1: nhit 102 - 1500C saccharoza b nng chy v b mt
nc khong 10% to thnh caramenlan.
Giai on 2: caramenlen tip tc b mt nc ti 14% to thnh
caramenlen.
Giai on 3: caramenlen tip tc b mt nc ti 25% to thnh
caramenlin.
Trong caramenlan v caramenlen ha tan hon ton trong nc, cn
caramenlin hu nh khng ha tan nn trong sn xut caramen phi dng li giai
on to thnh caramenlen.
Trong cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht Bidrico thng dung cc loi mu
sau:
Mu caramen cho nc gii kht cola, x x.
Mu sunset yellow (102) cho nc cam, cream soda.
Mu ponceaux 4R cho nc du.
Mu apple green, Brilliant blue (133) cho nc to.
Mu Tatrazin cho nc cream soda, to.
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2.1.6. Acid thc phm:

Mc ch s dng:
To v chua du cho nc gii kht, tng hi ho v hng thm cho sn
phm, tng kh nng chuyn ho saccharoza thnh glucoza v fructoza.
To mi trng pH thp (3-4) c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt,
c tc dng bo qun.
Cc loi acid thng dng trong sn xut nc gii kht:
Acid citric: c nhiu trong chanh nn thng gi l acid chanh, l mt tinh th
mu trng, c chua cao, c ngm mt phn t nc, d tan trong nc, gi r hn
cc loi acid khc.
Cng thc phn t: C6H8O7.H2O
cng ty Bidrico thng s dng acid citric di 2 dng: acid citric anhydro
v acid citric monohydro.
Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng ca acid citric: chua, hm lng tp
cht, hm lng kim loi nng (Pb, As), m
Acid tartaric (C6H4O6): c nhiu trong nho nn thng gi l acid nho, c
s dng trong nc gii kht t hn
Acid malic:c nhiu trong to, c chua cao, s dng trong sn phm nc
gii kht to.
Acid photphoric: nay l acid v c, to cho sn phm c pH thp ko di
thi gian bo qun, s dng nhiu cho sn phm cola, x x..
2.1.7. Cc cht bo qun:
Mc ch s dng:
Ngn chn s pht trin ca vi sinh vt trong nc gii kht, c bit l nm
men, nm mc.
Cht bo qun thng c s dng ph bin nht l acid benzoic v
natribenzoat (k hiu quc t: 211). pH cng thp (pH=3) th hiu qu s dng
natribenzoat cng tt, ko di thi gian bo qun.
Mt s cht bo qun thng s dng
Acid benzoic, benzoate natri:
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Acide benzoic c tm thy trong thin nhin nhiu loi thc vt khc nhau,
acid benzoic v mui ca n c dng bo qun thc phm t rt lu. V acid
benzoic tan t trong nc, nn ngi ta thng dng benzoate natri bo qun thc
phm nht l ngnh nc gii kht.
Benzoate natri l cht kt tinh dng bt hay tinh th, mu trng, gn nh khng
mi, v hi ngt, tan tronh nc.
Tc dng ca acid benzoic l ngn cn s pht trin ca nm men > nm mc.
Vi khun t c tc dng bo v thc phm khi h hng. Phn ln cc vi khun b
c ch hay tiu dit nng 0,01 0,02 %. Benzoate natri hot ng tt pH (2,5
4,0).
Hin nay, c xu th s dng nhiu cc dn xut t acid benzoic l paraben.
u th ca cc paraben ny l tc dng ln mt khong pH rng, c tc ng
mnh i vi nm men, nm mc, bn nhit cao.
Mun m bo hiu qu tc dng nng natribenzoat (C6H5COONa):
- Trong sn phm phi t 0,5 -1 g/lit. nng ny chng khng c hi
cho sc kho con ngi.
- Trc khi a benzoat vo s dng cn pha chng bng nc si vi nng
0,2 - 0,3 kg/lit ri lc sch.
- Tuy vi nng s dng thp khng gy hi cho sc kho con ngi
nhng natri benzoat li d v trong sn phm, lm gim gi tr cm quan ca sn
phm.
Acide sorbic, sorbate.
Acide sorbic v cc mui ca n c s dng lm cht bo qun thc phm,
n c tc dng st trng mnh vi nm mc, nm men.
Acide sorbic dng bt, ht tinh th mu trng, t tan trong nc, mui sorbate
kali tan tt trong nc, t tan trong du. Acide sorbic v cc mui ca n khng c
vi c th, khng to ra mi hay v l v khng lm mt mu ca sn phm.
Liu lng cho php s dng l 0,2%.
mi trng c pH = 4 6: sorbate hot ng tt hn benzoate.
pH = 3: sorbate hot ng km hn benzoate.
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Cht chng oxi ha:

Cc loi nc gii kht chanh, cam thng kh bo qun v cc hng liu c
khuynh hng kt hp vi oxy c trn mt sn phm v di nh sng mt tri s
bin i mi v v mu sc.
ngn chn phn no s oxy-ha, ngi ta thng dng cc loi chai c mu
v cc cht chng oxy- ha loi b hu ht lng oxy trn mt sn phm, gip cho
sn phm gi bn c mi v v mu sc.
Cc cht chng oxy ha thng c s dng l men Glucose-oxydasecatalase. Cht ny khng nh hng n cht lng ca sn phm. Men enzyme ny
hot ng nh sau:
Glucose-oxidase-catalase
Glucose + O2
Gluconic acid
Acid ascorbic cng c dng nh mt cht chng oxy ha.

Yu cu cht chng oxy ho:
Tng c kh nng n nh v cht lng thc phm, hn ch hoc loi
b qu trnh oxy ha cc cht d b oxy ha trong thc phm.
Cc gi tr dinh dng c bn trong thc phm phi c bo tn.
Cc gi tr cm quan nh mu, mi, trng thi thc phm cng phi c
bo tn.
Phi l cht c kh nng ha tan hoc phn tn ng u trong khi thc
phm.
Khng gy c.
2.1.8. Cc nguyn liu v ph gia khc:
Cafein, natricitrat:
C tc dng tng v cho sn phm, s dng cho cola v x x.
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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BO CO THC TP
2.2. Chun b nguyn liu

2.2.1. Nc:
Nc dng trong pha ch nc gii kht l nc qua cc qu trnh x l k
thut v t c yu cu cht lng v ch tiu vt l, ha hc, sinh hc
Cc ch tiu vt l:
Nhit : nhit ca nc ph thuc vo iu kin mi trng v kh
hu, s thay i ca nc ph thuc vo tng loi nc. i vi ngun nc ngm
nhit tng i n nh t 17 270C.
Mu sc: mu ca nc c gy ra bi cc cht hu c trong giai on
phn hy ca cc loi thc vt nh: tannin, axithumix, cc cht glumid, cc hp cht
keo, nc thi cng nghip hoc do s pht trin ca rong ru, to. Nc cng trong
th cht lng nc cng cao. n v o mu sc ca nc l TCU.
c: c ca nc l do cc cht l lng bao gm nhng loi c
kch thc nh nh ht keo n cc h phn tn th nh cc ht huyn ph, cc ht
cn t ct, cc vi sinh vt. n v o c ca nc l NTU.
Mi v: mi v v l hai cm gic khng ging nhau. Mi thng do cc
hp cht ha hc, ch yu l cc hu c c trong nc hay sn phm ca qu trnh
thy phn cc cht v cc cht kh gy nn. V ca nc l do cc mui khong ha
tan trong nc to thnh nh: ng, mn, ngt, chua hay cay nh. Mi v c xc
nh bng phng php cm quan (th nm) v thng chia ra nm ngng:
+ Rt yu
+ Yu
+ R
+ R nh
+ Rt r
Cht rn: l thnh phn cn li sau khi lm bay hi nc v sy 103
1050C. Cht rn phn thnh cc loi: cht rn ha tan, l lng, bay hi, khng bay
hi. n v tnh mg/l.
dn in: dn in lin quan n lng ion v cc loi ion c
trong nc. Ngoi ra, n cn ph thuc vo thnh phn v s lng cc cht kh ha
tan trong nc nh: CO2, NH3. V vy, khng th cn c vo dn in tnh ton
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
36
BO CO THC TP
lng mui khong c trong nc. Nhng khi trong nc c lng nht nh cc loi
ion, tng nng ion cng ln th dn in cng cao. Do , trong thc t ngi
ta c th da vo dn in nhn xt hm lng mui khong.
Cc ch tiu ha hc
pH: c trng bng nng ion H+ c trong nc. pH= -[H+]. Tnh
cht ca nc c xc nh theo cc gi tr pH khc nhau:
+ pH 5.5: nc c tnh acid mnh.
+ 5.5< pH< 6.5: nc c tnh acid yu.
+ 6.5< pH < 7.5: nc trung tnh.
+ 5< pH < 10.5: nc c tnh kim yu.
+ pH 10.5: nc c tnh kim mnh.
acid: l kh nng nhng proton ca nc. acid ca nc c o
bng mg/l theo CaCO3. acid ca nc c to thnh bi cc acid yu nh:
H2CO3, H2S, CH3COOH, cc mui ca acid mnh v baz yu nh mui NH4+, Fe3+,
Al3+ v cc acid mnh. Khi nc c pH nh hn 4.5 th acid cn to ra do cc
acid mnh nh HCl, H2SO4, HNO3.
cng ca nc: c xc nh bi mui canxi v magie ha tan trong
nc. L mt trong nhng ch tiu quan trng c biu din bng mg ng lng
(k hiu: mg-E) ca ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong mt lt nc. C 3 loi cng:
+ cng chung = cng tm thi + cng vnh cu
+ cng tm thi: ch tng lng mui bicacbonat ha tan trong nc
v d tch ra khi nc bng un si nh:
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2
Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3 + H2O + CO2
+ cng vnh cu: ch cc mui ha tan trong nc thng l s kt
hp gia ion Ca2+, Mg2+ vi cc ion ca acid mnh nh Cl-, SO42-. Cc mui ny kh
tch bng nhit m phi dng phng php ha hc hay ct nha trao i ion, MgCl2,
CaCl2, CaSO4, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2.
cng ca nc chia lm 5 mc:
+ >10 mg E: nc rt cng.
+ 6 10 mg E: nc cng.
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BO CO THC TP
+ 3 6 mg E: nc hi cng.
+ 1 3 mg E: nc mm.
+ <1 mg E: nc rt mm.
Trong sn xut thc phm ngi ta thng dng nc mm. cng ca
ngun nc t nhin rt khc nhau v ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: v tr a l,
thi gian trm nm, su, ngun nc V vy, cn phi x l cng trc khi
a vo sn xut. cng l ch s quan trng ca nc dng trong sinh hot v cc
ngnh cng nghip khc nhau c bit l cng ngh ch bin nc gii kht.
oxi ha: L lng oxi cn thit oxi ha ht cc hp cht hu c c
trong nc. Ch tiu oxi ha tan l i lng nh gi s b mc nhim bn ca
nc. oxi ha cng cao th ngun nc cng b nhim bn v cha nhiu vi sinh
vt.
cn ton phn (mg/l): bao gm cc cht v c v hu c c trong nc,
khng k cc cht kh, cn ton phn c xc nh bng cch un cho ht mt dung
tch nc ngun nht nh v sy kh nhit 105 1100C n khi trng lng
khng i. Hm lng cn cng cao th vic x l cng phc tp.
kim: c trng cho kh nng ca nc kt hp vi cc acid mnh.
c biu din bng mg E ca cc ion OH-, CO32-, HCO3- v mt s ion khc ca
acid yu c trong mt lt nc.
kim c chia ra: kim bicacbonat, cacbonat, hydrat. y l mt
ch s quan trng v cht lng ca nc. Nu qu ln s nh hng n qu trnh
ha hc, sinh hc khi ng ha v khi ln men Ngoi ra s tiu tn nhiu acid thc
phm khi sn xut nc ngt pha ch.
Ch tiu vi sinh:
Vi sinh vt khng nhng gy hi n sc khe con ngi m cn nh hng rt
ln n cht lng sn phm, lm h hng sn phm trong qu trnh bo qun.
Ch s sinh hc: l ch s c trng cho s xm nhp v pht trin ca cc loi
vi sinh vt c trong nc. c biu din bng s lng vi sinh vt trong 1ml nc.
+ Ch s Ecoli: l s vi trng ng rut ti a cho php trong 1ml nc.
+ Chun s Ecoli: l th tch nc t nht cho php pht hin mt vi trng
ng rut.
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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BO CO THC TP
Qui nh chung:
+ Chun s Ecoli 300.
+ Ch s Ecoli 3.
Bng 2.2: Ch tiu cht lng nc x l cng ty TN QUANG MINH
Tn tiu chun
Cm quan
Ha l
Mu
n v tnh
TCU
Nc x l
Khng mu
Mi
Khng mi
Khng v
NTU
0.02
6.5 7.5
pH
cng tng cng
mgCaCO3/l
oxi ha
mgCO2/l
0.3
St tng cng
mg/l
0.1
NH4+
mg/l
0.02
Cl-
mg/l
NO2-
mg/l
NO3-
mg/l
SO42-
mg/l
Mn2+
mg/l
Vt
Cu2+
mg/l
Vt
Pb2+
mg/l
Vt
Zn2+
mg/l
Vt
Cd2+
mg/l
Al3+
mg/l
Hg2+
mg/l
H2 S
mg/l
Tng cht rn ha mg/l
150
tan
Vi sinh
Coliform
MPN/100ml
Ecoli
MPN/100ml
Streptococcus
CFU/00ml
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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BO CO THC TP
Feacalis
Psedo aeruginusa
CFU/00ml
Ct perfringens
CFU/00ml
2.2.2. ng:
ng dng trong sn xut nc gii kht thng l ng saccharose. Phn
t saccharose gm mt phn t glucose v mt phn t fructose lin kt vi nhau nh
nhm hydroxyl (-OH) glucozit ca chng.
Saccharoe l tinh th mu trng, d ha tan trong nc. ha tan saccharose
tng dn theo nhit ca nc. Dung dch saccharose c ngt v nht ln hn.
T trng ca dung dch saccharose ph thuc vo hm lng v nhit ca dung
dch. Nng tng th t trng tng, nhit tng th nng gim. Nhit si ca
dung dch saccharose p sut thng ph thuc vo nng saccharose c trong
dung dch, nng tng th nhit si tng. Nhit nng chy ca saccharose l
1600C v hm nhit ca n l 3995 kcal/kg. Saccharose d b phn hy to thnh
ng nghch o hay ng hon nguyn.
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Mc ch s dng:
+ Lm tng hm lng cht kh.
+ Tng ngt du, thanh.
+ Lm tng n nh dch saccarose.
Bng 2.3: Tiu chun cht lng ng theo TCVN 1695 75
Tn ch tiu
ng knh loi I(%)
ng knh loi II(%)
Hm lng saccharoza (%)
99.65
99.45
m (%)
0.07
0,12
Hm lng cht kh (%)
0,15
0,17
Hm lng tro (%)
0,1
0,15
Cht khng tan (mg/kg)
170
200
Trng ng, sng
Trng sng
Mu sc
Bnh thng, khng c mi v l
Mi v
V
Ngt thanh, khng c v l

Bng 2.3: Tiu chun cht lng ng
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
40
BO CO THC TP
Ngoi ra, ty theo chc nng ca cc sn phm m ngi ta c th b sung hay

thay th bng mt cht to ngt khc m khng gy nh hng n sc khe ca
ngi tiu dng. Cht to ngt tng hp c a vo pha ch nc gii kht phi
nm trong danh mc cho php ca B y t. Mt s cht to ngt thay th nh:
Acessulfame K: Mui K ca 6-methtl 1, 2, 3 oxathizin 4 (3) 1 2, 2 dioxid
(C4H4NO4KS). ngt gp 150 200 ln ng saccarose, hu v ngt ngn, dng
bt mu trng, d tan trong nc, bn trong khong pH= 2 10.
Aspartame: Dng bt tinh th, mu trng, khng mi, v ngt gp 200 ln
ng saccarose, d tan trong nc, lng dng 400 mg/kg th trng.
2.2.3. CO2
Carbon dioxide (CO2) l kh khng mu, khng mi v, khng duy tr s chy
v hon ton khng c hi. Ty theo p sut v nhit CO2 c th tn ti dng
kh lng rn. Ti nhit v p sut thng CO2 dng kh tr.
Khi em np vo nc gii kht c gaz, bo ha CO2 trong nc gii kht c tc dng
st khun: CO2 + H2O H2CO3
Khi ha tan CO2 vo trong nc s to thnh acid cacbonic c v chua du.
Tnh acid ca CO2 c tc dng km ch s gia tng ca vi sinh vt c hi, gip ko di
thi gian bo qun sn phm, gp phn to nn mi v c trng cho sn phm, gip
c th tiu ha thc n mt cch tt hn.
Yu cu cht lng: CO2 phi tinh khit 99.5%, mu trng khng c mi v l.
cng ty TN QUANG MINH dng CO2 dng lng c cung cp cc
nh my sn xut t nguyn liu ma r ng v c nn trong bn ln bng thp
300C v p lc 60 70at. CO2 trc khi a vo sn xut cn phi qua h thng lm
sch bng than hot tnh v KMnO4 lm sch mi, v, tp cht khng gy hi
n cht lng sn phm.
2.2.4. Cc cht ph gia trong cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht c gaz
Hng
S dng hng x x dng lng. Nng s dng 0.1- 0.2%. Hng c th
c ha tan trc tip vo sn phm hoc ha tan trong mt s dung mi trung gian
nh cn, propylene
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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BO CO THC TP
Cht mu
S dng cht mu caramen.
Cc loi acid thc phm
- Acid citric (C6H8O7.H2O)
tinh khit 99%
Tp cht 0.5%
Acid sunfuric 0.05%
Asen 0.00014%
-
Acid tartaric (C6H4O6)

tinh khit 99%
Kim loi nng 0.0005%
Acid sunfuric 0.05%
Asen 0.00014%
HCl 0.02%
Cht bo qun
Acid benzoic v Natri benzoat (k hiu quc t l 211). Nng cht bo qun
trong sn phm phi t 0.5 1g/lt. Trc khi a benzoat vo s dng pha chng
bng nc si vi nng 0.2 0.3 kg/lt ri lc sch.
2.3. Cng ngh sn xut nc ngt c gaz hng x x:
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
42
BO CO THC TP
CO2
Nc
ng
X l
X l
Ha tan
CO2 sch
Lm lnh (5-80C)
Gia nhit
Phi trn
Lc
Lon nhm
Lm lnh (1-30C)
Nc
Acid
thc
phm
hit
Lm ngui
Sc ra
Bo ha CO2
Pha ch
Lon sch
Chit rt chai
Siro mi
Hng
x x,
mu
caramen
ng np
Lm m
Thi kh
In date
Dn nhn
V thng
Thnh phm
S 2.1 Quy trnh sn xut nc ngt c gaz hng x x

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2.3.1. Thuyt minh quy trnh

2.3.1.1. X l nc:
Quy trnh x l nc:
Nc
Lc s b
Lc th
Lc tinh ln 1
Trao i ion
Lc tinh ln 2
X l UV
Nc x l
S 2.2 Quy trnh x l nc
Thuyt minh quy trnh:
Nc: cng ty Tn Quang Minh s dng hai ngun nc mt t thy cc khu
cng nghip Vnh Lc ( c thp, pH n nh) v ngun nc ngm c su
100m (nhit n nh 23 270C).
Lc s b:
Mc ch: loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln nh ct, t, rc... v cc tp
cht gy mi l nh Clo, H2S... Nc c bm vo b lc dng phun ma
kh st v oxy ha cc cht c trong nc nh Cl...
H thng lc c 3 lp:
- Lp trn cng l ct, si.
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44
BO CO THC TP
- Lp gia l than (ngn cch gia lp trn v lp gia l lp vi ln nc

v than).
- Lp di cng l trng.
Cu to:
Ch thch:
(1): Gin ma
(1)
(2): Lp ct
(2)
(3): Lp than
(3)
(4): Lp trng
(4)
Hnh 2.1: H thng lc nc s b

B cha vt liu lc cao 1,2m, 80% th tch b l vt liu lc, pha trn b l h
thng phun ma bng cc ng nha c l v c ng h o nhit nc vo. Pha
di b lc l b cha nc lc.
Nguyn l hot ng: Nc phun t dn phun xung kh mi v oxi ha
Fe2+ thnh Fe3+, Fe3+ kt hp vi nc to thnh Fe(OH)3 kt ta bm trn b mt vt
liu lc. Cc tp cht nh bn, phn, cc cht gy mi cng c gi trn b mt lp
vt liu lc. Nc s c chy vo b cha.
Lc th
Mc ch: loi cc tp cht l lng dng keo, huyn ph.
Cu to:
Truc inox uc lo
Va
i bo
ng
Va
i xoa
Va
i thun
Hnh 2.2: Ct lc v hnh ct ct lc vi bng
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Bn lc c dng hnh tr, pha trn c ng h p sut, bn trong c 4 tr

nh v bng inox di l =70 cm, ng knh d = 2 cm, tng ng vi 4 cy inh lc.
Cy lc l mt ng rng hnh tr c c l, ng knh cy lc 5 cm. Bn
ngoi qun mt lp bng dy 5 cm, thm t bng nc v bc bn ngoi bng mt
lp vi v buc cht bng dy thun. Mi ngy thay lp bng gn mi v ra sch vi,
dy thun bng nc.
Lc tinh
Mc ch: loi b tp cht c kch thc > 1 m .
Cu to:
Hnh 2.3: B lc tinh (lc ch)

H thng x l c 3 bn lc tinh bng inox, trn bn c ng h o p
sut. S lng vy nh v trong 3 bn ln lt l 24, 30, 60 cy. Chiu di cc cy
nh v l 51 cm, cy lc l 50 cm. ng knh trong cy nh v l 3 cm, ngoi ra l 7
cm, ng knh l lc l 1 m .
V sinh: mi ngy tho ng lc ch ngm trong dung dch H2O2 15%, dng
nc ra sch trong v ngoi ng.
Trao i ion
Mc ch: lm mm nc v a nc v pH = 6-8 ph hp cho sn xut.
Cu to:
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
46
BO CO THC TP
O
ng loc
Hat nha trao o
i ion
Hnh 2.4: Ct lc trao i ion

Thit b trao i ion c 2 ct trao i anion v cation, chiu di mi ct l
l = 2m, ng knh l d = 50 cm, bn trong l cc ht nha cationit v anionit c
gi li nh hai mt bch. Mi mt bch c 12 ng nh c chiu di l 20 cm, ng
knh l 4,2cm. Trn mi ng u c cc rnh nh dn nc vo, kch thc cc l ca
cc rnh nh hn kch thc ht nha nhm gi cc ht nha, pha di mi ng c l
dn nc vo.
Ht cationit v anionit c kch thc rt nh mu vng nht (trong ht
cationit mu sm hn). Nh my c 3 h thng trao i ion.
Nguyn l hot ng: Nc c di chuyn ln lt t ct cation n ct
anion.
Ti ct trao i cation: nc i t di ln tip xc vi ht nha cationit
R[H+], cc cation nh Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ ... Tc dng ha hc vi catinoit v c gi
li, nc i ra c hm lng ion kim loi thp nhng c tnh axit.
Ti ct trao i anion: loi b cc ion OH-, Cl- ... Nc ra khi ct anion
mm, t tp cht.
Tit trng UV
Mc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt v bo t bng nh sng cc tm.
Cu to:
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
47
BO CO THC TP
e
n cc tm
O
ng thu
y tinh
Vonha
Hnh 2.5: Mt ct ng lc vi sinh

L mt ng hnh tr di 50cm ng knh d = 12cm, bn trong l ng thy tinh
ngn khng cho nc thm vo bng n v trong cng l n cc tm.
Nguyn l hot ng: dng nc qua h thng ny di tc dng ca tia cc
tm t nh sng ca n cc tm c bc sng 2500 2600 A0 tiu dit vi sinh vt
v bo t. nc ra t h thng tiu dit UV l nc sch.
Cc yu t nh hng ti mc kh trng ca n UV:
Cng bc x ca tia UV.
S lng vi sinh vt trong nc v thi gian lu thit b.
c ca nc (tp cht hu c v tp cht l lng), cc tp cht ny
phn tn tia t ngoi nn tia t ngoi khng i xuyn ht lp nc. Hiu qu kh
trng cao hn khi nc c c thp.
y l l do h thng x l nc tit trng UV t cui cng sau cc qu
trnh lc v trao i ion.
Tin hnh:
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
48
BO CO THC TP
S 2.3 S ca thit b x l nc
10
10a
1
4
Hot cht
ti sinh
3
10b
6a
6b
7b
7a
8
ng x nc
Nc
x l
11
Ghi ch:
1. Lc s b.
7a, 7b. Ct trao i ion.
2. B cha.
8. Bn cha.
3. Bm.
9. Lc.
4. Lc vi bng.
10a, 10b. H thng n cc tm.
5. Lc.
11. Bn iu.
6a, 6b. Ct lc vi bng.
12. Gin ma
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BO CO THC TP
Nc c bm t b cha ln lt qua bn lc th loi b tp cht c

kch thc > 1 m , qua bn lc tinh loi b tp cht nh hn. Tip nc qua ct
cation ca h thng trao i ion loi cc ion kim loi, qua ct anion loi cc ion
m nh Cl- , SO42-
Nc tip tc qua bn 100 ml, ti y nc c ly mu kim tra, nu t
yu cu th chuyn tip qua bn lc tinh ln hai gi li cc ht c kch thc rt
nh (<1 m ) nc tip tc vo h thng lc vi sinh bng n cc tm loi b vi sinh
vt v cc bo t c trong nc.
Cui cng nc c dn qua bn 200 lt c ly mu kim tra. Nu t
yu cu th c bm i sn xut. Nc s dng tha c hi lu v bnh cha.
KCS x l nc:
Sau mi gi KCS tin hnh ly mu kim tra nc. Mi ln ly 4 mu: 3 bnh
1000 lt v mt bnh 2000 lt.
Cc ch tiu ca nc:
- Cm quan: trong sut khng mu, khng mi, khng v.
- Ha l:
pH = 6.5 7.5
dn in: 0 50
cng: cc ion kim loi cn xt li khng ng k.
- Vi sinh: Ch s Ecoli: < 3; Vi khun k kh trong 1ml H2O l 0; Vi khun hiu
kh trong 1 ml H2O < 10 khun lc sau 24 h 370C.
S c v cch khc phc:
Thit b
B lc s b
S c
Cch khc phc
+ Ct c kch thc nh lt qua l + Thng xuyn sc

li, lng xung y.
ra b.
+ Vt liu gim kh nng lc lm + Thay lp ct, ra

nc c.
sch v ti s dng.
+ B lc b nght do tp cht, bn, + Sc ra b nh

ct,
Ct lc bng
k.
+ Vi lc v dy thun v sinh khng + Lm v sinh tht
GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long
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BO CO THC TP
sch hoc dy thun qun khng cht sch vi lc v qun
Ct lc ch
lm nc lc khng trong.
dy thun cht.
+ V sinh cy lc khng sch.
+ V sinh tht k.
+ Do ti s dng nhiu ln nn kch + nh k phi thay

thc l mao qun ln, dn dn gim cy lc mi.
kh nng gi cc ht keo l lng v
cn nh.
Ct trao i + Cc ht nha gim kh nng hp + nh k ti sinh
th theo thi gian, nu khng nh cc ht nha.
ion
k ti sinh th pH nc khng t
lm nc b chua.
+ Mi hn ca ct lc b x lm nc + Kim tra cc mi
chy ra ngoi.
hn thng xuyn.
+ B cc ct chn nha lm ht nha + Thay cc ct nha

bung ra ngoi.
ng
sinh
lc
mi.
vi + Mi hn b h, nc chy qua ng + Phi hn li mi

thy tinh lm n chy.
hn v thay bng
n mi.
Cc
ng + B b hoc b x do lu lng nc + iu chnh lu
ng
khng n nh.
Bm
+ Bm b hng do lu lng nc + Kim tra thng

qu ln.
lng nc.
xuyn
lu
lng
nc, cc van hi
lu gim p lc
bm.
+ Thay bm mi
hoc sa cha.
Bng 2.4 S c v khc phc khi x l nc
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BO CO THC TP
2.3.1.2. X l CO2:
Mc ch:
+ Lm sch CO2.
+ Loi b tp cht v mt s cht gy mi l ln trong kh cacbonic.
+ Dit khun v oxy ha cc hp cht gy mi.
Tin hnh:
Quy trnh x l:
CO2 nguyn
liu
X l bng Na2CO3
X l bng than hot

tnh
X l bng thuc tm
CO2 sch
S 2.4 Quy trnh x l CO2

Gii thch quy trnh:
Nguyn liu l CO2 tn ti dng lng hoc kh cha trong bn CO2 lng vi th
tch 17000 lt. Trc khi vo bn cha bt tr lc (Na2CO3 c pha long), CO2
c chuyn v dng kh nh dng kh nng ca ng ng dn hi p sut vi
ng ng dn CO2 lng. CO2 c sc t y bn ln i vo cc bn lc tip theo
nh s chnh lch p sut, p sut trong bn cha Na2CO3 l 8 kg/cm2.
Bt tr lc Na2CO3 c tc dng loi cc tp cht cn c ln trong kh CO2 cng
nghip
Na2CO3 + 2HCOOH = 2HCOONa + CO2+H2O
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Than hot tnh c tc dng loi i cc kh khng mong mun nh aldehyt,

aceton, diacetylvi mc ch kh mi CO2. (P= 8kg/cm2)
Dung dch thuc tm tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt trong CO2 cng nghip.
KMnO4 dng bt mu tm, nh vng, kch thc nh ht ct, l mt cht c tnh oxy
ha mnh, c pha theo t l 150 lt nc/1,5 mung thuc tm.
[ ]
HCHO
HCOOH
Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh lm sch:

Cht lng gaz nhp v.
kn ng ng v thit b lm sch
tinh khit v thi gian thay cc cht lm sch.
p sut ca bn lm sch.
2.3.1.3. Chun b siro.
Quy trnh sn xut siro.
ung knh trng
Nc
Acid thc
phm
Ha tan
(60-750C)
Gia nhit
(90-920C)
(80-850C)
Lc
Lm ngui
(30-400C)
Pha ch
Siro c bn
(670Bx)
S 2.5 Quy trnh sn xut siro

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Thuyt minh quy trnh

Ha tan, gia nhit
Mc ch
+ Ha tan cc cu t ng vo hn hp.
+ Tiu dit vi sinh vt, tng thi gian bo qun sn phm.
+ To iu kin saccharose chuyn ha thnh ng nghch o lm tng v
ngt du ca ng.
+ Tng n nh ca sn phm.
Tin hnh:
+ u tin ta bm nc x l vo ni, m cnh khuy, m van hi cp nhit
cho nc.
+ Nng nhit nc trong ni t 65- 750C, bt u cho ng vo sau
nh mc nc theo quy nh. T l c s dng l 700kg ng/100 lt siro.
+ Tin hnh cho mt lng acid citric vo khong 1,5- 2g/1kg ng v tip
tc khuy, gia nhit n 90- 920C v gi nhit ny trong thi gian 10 pht to
iu kin cho qu trnh chuyn ha ng saccharose thnh ng hon nguyn
khong 20-30%. Lc ny hm lng cht kh tng ln, nhit trung bnh ca ng
kh cng cao hn ng saccharose.
+ Cho vo dung dch mt lng nht nh natri benzoat (2g/1lit siro) bo
qun siro ngn chn s pht trin ca nm men, nm mc.
+ Tin hnh khuy u v em siro i lc sch nhit 80- 850C.
Lc, lm ngui siro:
Mc ch:
+ Tch chit cc tp cht c hc ln vo trong ng trong qu trnh vn
chuyn v bo qun.
+ Lm ngui dch siro xung 30- 400C chun b cho phi ch hng liu,
mu, acid to siro bn thnh phm t yu cu cng ngh v gim s tn hao ca
chng do nhit gy ra.
Tin hnh:
+ H nhit siro n 80-850C gim nht ca siro to thun li cho qu
trnh lc.
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+ Bm dch siro t bn cha qua ti lc bng vi th. Ti ny c gn

ming bn lm ngui.
+ Dch ng khi t nhit 30-400C th c a vo bn trung gian
chun b cho phi ch.
Dch siro sau lm ngui cn t nhng yu cu sau:
+ Siro c mu vng nh, trong sut khng ln tp cht.
+ Siro khng ln mi l, ch c th c mi nh ca natri benzoate.
+ Siro c v ngt thanh chua nh.
+ Siro khng cha vi sinh vt gy bnh.
+ Nng cht kh 670Bx.
Phi ch
Mc ch:
+ Ha tan cc cu t vo siro to hn hp ng nht chun b cho chit rt.
+ To hng v c trng cho sn phm.
Tin hnh:
+ Chun b cc thnh phn pha ch iu kin ti u nht.
+ Dch siro t nhit 30-400C, nng 670Bx.
+ Cht mu, acid c pha thnh dung dch.
+ Hng liu s dng dng nguyn
+ Cc cht ph gia khc u a v dng dung dch
+ Phi ch cc nguyn liu theo th t nht nh: cu t no c lng nhiu
nht phi ch trc ri cho cc cu t c s lng t hn. Sau mi ln cho mt cu t
cn khuy o k n khi ha tan hon ton mi cho cc cu t tip theo. Hng liu
cho vo sau cng.
+ Cm quan bn thnh phm trc khi chit rt.
+ Lm lnh siro xung 250C trc khi em chit rt.
2.3.1.4. Lm lnh nc x l
Mc ch:
+ Lm lnh nc 5-80C tng kh nng ha tan ca CO2 v gi CO2 trong
nc.
+ Gim tn tht CO2 khi chit rt.
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+ Trnh nhim vi sinh vt trong qu sn xut.

Nguyn l: da vo s tip xc gin tip gia tc nhn lm lnh (glycol) vi
nc h nhit ca nc xung.
Tin hnh:
+ Nc x l c bm qua thit b lm lnh dng tm kiu khung bn
trao i nhit gin tip vi glycol h nhit xung 120C. Nc ny c tr
bn trung gian, nc c bm qua thit b lm lnh th 2 h nhit xung 580C, ri i vo 3 bn cha 1,2,3.
+ Nu nhit nc cha t yu cu th s dn qua mt thit b lm lnh th
3 ri mi vo cc bn cha.
+ Ti mi bn cha m bo nhit lun t yu cu th c b tr thm
h thng lm lnh kiu ng xon rut g nm pha trong lp bo n.
+ Nc v dung mi ti lnh i ngc chiu nhau qua b mt trao i nhit
dng gn sng tng din tch tip xc.
2.3.1.5. Phi trn Lm lnh
Nc sau khi x l c phi trn vi siro mi c chun b t trc.
H nhit hn hp xung cn 1-30C. Cho hn hp nc pha ch chy qua ng
ng nn CO2. Dung dch nc pha ch sau khi nn CO2 s c hm lng CO2 trong
sn phm t 3-4g/l.
2.3.1.6. Bo ha CO2
Mc ch:
+ Tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm, to v cay t u li khi ung.
+ CO2 bay hi lm gim nhit c th, gy cm gic mt d chu.
+ Bo qun, hn ch s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt.
Tin hnh:
+ Ti bn bo ha nc c bm qua b phn dng chp nn tng din
tch tip xc vi CO2.
+ CO2 sch c o lu lng v i vo thit b bo ha.
+ Nc v CO2 c phun vo nhau ri i vo bn cha.
+ CO2 u tin ha tan, sau lin kt t bo ha. Lc ny, p sut to
trn b mt l 3-4 kg/cm2.
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+ CO2 d c thi b ti bn bo ha ny.

+ Nc bo ha c y qua phng chit rt nh p sut y ca CO2.
2.3.1.7. Chit rt sn phm
Mc ch:
+ Ko di thi gian bo qun nh trnh tc ng bn ngoi.
+ Thun li cho qu trnh phn phi, vn chuyn sn phm.
+ Hon thin sn phm.
Tin hnh:
+ Chit rt vo lon, chai
Lon ra bng nc sch v chlorine trn h thng my ra. Sau lon c
a vo h thng my chit rt t ng.
Nc gii kht c phi ch trong thit b bo ha CO2 s i qua b phn
chit rt bng cch dng CO2 to lc y v nc gii kht i vo bn cha ca my
chit rt t ng
u tin lon c chy theo bng chuyn n my chit rt, tip theo my s
gi v a lon ln bn cha lon v nc gii kht t thng cha c rt vo lon.
Tip theo lon nc s n b phn ng np t ng. Np c a n t 1 bng
chuyn khc. Sau lon s qua cng on kim tra ri qua qu trnh hp.
Hnh 2.6: Dy chuyn nc ngt c gaz lon 330ml

2.3.1.8. Lm m chai, lon
Mc ch
+ Nng nhit ca chai, lon n nhit thng chai cng cng ln
thun li cho qu trnh dn nhn, n nh hnh dng chai, lon.
Tin hnh
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Chai, lon sau chit rt c nhit 5-100C i vo thit b hp. Thit b hp

gm 3 bung:
Bung 1: t0 = 48-500C
Bung 2: t0 = 50-570C
Bung 3: t0 = 45-470C
Chai, lon i qua thit b hp s tip xc trc tip vi nc m c nhit tng
dn mi bung hp. Khi , nhit sn phm cng tng dn n nhit thng.
Chai sau lm m c lm sch bng nc lnh trc khi ra khi bung hp. Nc
sau truyn nhit c bm hon lu tr li.
2.3.1.9. Lm kh
Mc ch: lm kh hon ton chai chun b cho qu trnh indate v dn
nhn.
Tin hnh:
+ Chai sau khi ra khi bung hp c nhit t 30-330C i qua cc qut thi
gn dc bng ti. Khng kh nng c thi t cc qut s lm bay hi nc trn chai.
+ Chai sau khi lm kh i qua my indate. Ti y, h thng cm ng s pht
hin v phun mc in ln np chai i vi chai PET v phun y i vi lon.
+ Chai sau khi indate c a i dn nhn.
2.3.1.10. Dn nhn, v thng
Mc ch:
+ Tng gi tr cm quan.
+ Cung cp thng tin v sn phm.
+ Thun li cho qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun sn phm.
+ Qung b thng hiu.
Tin hnh:
+ Nhn c lm bng giy v ph PE. Trn nhn ghi y thng tin v sn
phm.
+ Khi sn phm chy trn bng ti, ngi cng nhn s a nhn vo chai
ng v tr quy nh.
+ Chai c a n mm xoay c xp vo thng.
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2.3.2. Tiu chun thnh phm:

Kim tra bao b:
+ Hnh dng: khng c mp mo.
+ kn: chai khng b thng, khng b x gaz.
+ Nhn: dnh cht vo chai.
+ cng: chai phi t cng nht nh, cn loi b nhng chai mm.
Cm quan:
+ Mu sc, mi v: c trng cho sn phm.
+ Trng thi: lng, ng nht.
+ trong: ty c tnh sn phm.
+ ngm gaz: phi t yu cu t 3,5-4 g/l.
Ha l
+ Hm lng CO2: 3-4 g/l.
+ Hm lng natri benzoat, kim loi nng: theo TCVN.
+ Bx: 110Bx.
+ Hm lng acid citric: 1.5 2.5 g/l.
Vi sinh
+ Tng vi sinh vt hiu kh: 10 khun lc/ml
+ Coliform, E.coli: 0/1ml
+ Tng s bo t nm men, nm mc: 0/1ml
+ Cc vi khun gy bnh khc: 0/1ml
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PHN 3: MY MC V THIT B CA NH MY
3.1. H thng x l CO2
3.1.1. Cu to h thng
H thng bao gm 3 thit b chnh: Tc cha CO2 lng, thp ha kh CO2 lng,
nhm cc bnh lc.
3.1.1.1. Tc cha CO2 lng:
- Tn thit b: Tc cha CO2 lng.
- K hiu: L CO2 - 40/22 0707
- Tiu chun ch to: TCVN 6513 6156/96
Dung tch: 40.000 lt
Trng lng rng:
p sut (P) lm vic: 22 bar
p sut thit k: 23 bar
Nhit lm vic: -400C
Nm ch to: 2007
- V chn khng:
p sut lm vic: -1 bar
p sut mng phng n: +0,5 bar
Nhit lm vic: +350C
3.1.1.2. Thp gia nhit:
Dng thp ng chm thng ng c cnh trao i nhit, bn trn c vi nc.
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Vi nc
Kh CO2
CO2 lng
Hnh 3.1: Cu to thp ha kh CO2 lng

3.1.1.3. Nhm 3 bnh lc kh CO2:
Bnh th nht cha dung dch Na2CO3: ha 150g Na2CO3 trong 250 lt nc.
Bnh th hai cha than hot tnh cha trong cc bao ti.
Bnh th ba cha dung dch KMnO4: liu lng ha thuc tm nh sau: ha tan
khong 3 mung c ph trong 500 lt nc.
Nguyn tc hot ng:
CO2 lng c nhit -400C t tc cha c p sut cao s theo ng dn n thp
ha kh v i vo cc ng chm c cnh trao i nhit. Ti y, CO2 lng c nhit
thp s nhn nhit ca lp khng kh xung quanh cnh trao i nhit lm tng nhit
v theo chiu di ng ng n s dn chuyn sang trng thi kh. n on cui
ng ng ca thp ha kh th ton b CO2 lng chuyn ht sang trng thi kh v
theo ng ng dn n cc bnh lc.
Lp khng kh xung quanh cnh trao i nhit s trao i nhit i lu vi cnh
trao i nhit lm nhit gim xung nhanh chng, m trong lp khng kh s
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ha tuyt v bm ln cnh trao i nhit lm gim hiu qu trao i nhit ca thit b.

khc phc tnh trng ny ngi ta cho vi nc chy t trn xung di thp
lm tan chy lp tuyt bm, tng hiu qu trao i nhit.
Kh CO2 dn trc tin qua bnh cha dung dch Na2CO3 nhm mc ch loi tp
cht, tng cng ion Na+ cho nc s a. Sau CO2 c dn qua bnh lc bng
than hot tnh. Than hot tnh s ng vai tr l lp lc c tc dng hp th cc cht
mi v cc tp cht bi bn khc. Cui cng kh CO2 c dn qua bnh cha dung
dch KMnO4. Dung dch ny c tnh oxy ha rt mnh s oxy ha cc cht mi, kh
mi bi than, tiu dit vi sinh vt. Kh CO2 sch c dn theo ng ng n ni s
dng.
Vi phun nc
Kh CO2 sch
Thp
ha
kh
CO2
lng
Bnh
cha
dd
Na2
CO3
Bnh
cha
than
hot
tnh
Bnh
cha
dung
dch
KMn
O4
Tc cha CO2 lng
S 3.1: H thng x l CO2
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3.2. Thit b trao i nhit

Cht ti lnh ra
(Glycol)
1 2 34 5 6 7 8
Cht ti lnh
vo (Glycol)
Nc ra
Nc vo
TN
S 3.2: Nguyn l
thit b trao i nhit
Thit b c cu to dng cc tm c ghp song song vi nhau thnh nhng hp
rng v c ni vi nhau to thnh li chuyn ng cho nc v cht ti lnh. Gia
tm bn c cc tm m kn m bo ngn cch hai lp cht chuyn ng. Bn ngoi
c cc gi p cht cc tm bn li vi nhau.
Nc v cht ti lnh chuyn ng ngc chiu do tc trao i nhit cao,
nng sut ca thit b ln. Thit b c s dng tt vi nhng thc phm dng lng,
cc loi ung, nc p tri cy, cc sn phm sa....
Hnh 3.2 Thit b trao i nhit dng tm

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3.3. Thit b bo ha CO2:

3.3.1. Nguyn l hot ng ca thit b bo ha:
Nc t cng xng pha ch i qua bn nc lc. Nc trc khi vo bn
nc lc loi O2 v N2 ( trnh vi khun vi sinh vt hiu kh xm nhp vo cn

tr CO2 lu thng).
Sau bm vo bn bi kh cho qua h thng Alfalaval (thit b truyn v
gi nhit m y nc c lm lnh (lm lnh cp 1 4-50C) v c chuyn qua

bn nc. Sir t phn xng ca phng th nghim cho vo bn xir, CO2 cn c
a xung nh van in t theo 2 ng:
+
Mt ng bm vo trong bn sir dn p.
Mt ng bm nh lng bm qua bo ha CO2 (tin CO2) ti y
H2O c nh ti qua qu cu trn H2O v dung dch sir li vi nhau (t= 15-170
C). Bt u ra sn phm tip tc b vo bn bo ha v cho dung dch c trn
vo qua thit b Alfalaval lm lnh thm mt ln na.
1- Thit b bi kh
8- Bn cha syrup
2, 3- Thit b bo ha CO2
9- Bm nh lng
4- Bm chn khng
10- Thit b phi trn
5- Thit b cha nc c bi kh
11- Bm
6- Bm nc
12- Bn cha sn phm
7- Bn trung gian cha nc

Hnh 3.3. M hnh dy chuyn bo ha CO2
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3.4. Thit b hp
3.4.1. Cu to
Hnh 3.4 Cu to bung

my hp chai, lon
S 3.3: H thng my hp chai, lon

- My hp gm:
Bung 1: nhit t 24-260C
Mi bung u c cu to ging nhau l c 4 ng rut g dn hi nng,
nhit hi nng bng 1200C .Nc c phun t trn gin xung nh 1 my bm
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130 m3/h. di y bung hp c li lc lc cn ct trong nc trnh hin tng

lm nght cc u phun v nght bm.
- Bng ti chai lon c chia lm 3 on:
on 1: T my chit rt n ca bung vo ca my hp, c bi x
phng lm trn gim ma st:
on 2: Dn chai, lon i t bn trong cc bung ca my hp, c kch
thc ngang rng m bo cha c lng chai lon trong bung hp v tc
bng ti rt chm m bo thi gian hp.
on 3: T ca ra ca bung hp n mm xoay, sn phm c di
nc lnh nhm lm sch chai lon ln cui trc khi dn nhn. Ngoi ra cn c my
thi kh chai, lon v my in date.
3.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng
Chai lon sau khi chit rt c nhit khong 8- 100C s c bng ti chuyn
vo my hp. Ti y chai, lon s c tip xc trc tip vi nc lm ngui c nhit
tng dn mi bung hp. Khi xy ra s trao i nhit lm gim nhit ca
nc v lm tng nhit ca chai, lon. Nc c bm hi lu, sn phm chai pet
c di sch bng nc lnh ri a qua cng on thi kh in date, dn nhn. Cn
lon s c thi kh in date.
3.4.3. Cch vn hnh
- Bc 1: Kim tra van hi, hi nn, van nc.
- Bc 2: M cu dao, m van bm nc ngn 1, 2, 3 khi nc , cho
cc bm 1, 2, 3 hot ng.
- Bc 3: Chuyn cc bm 1, 2, 3 hot ng t ng.
- Bc 4: M van hi nng t t, iu chnh nhit hp l, bung 1, 2, 3,
canh ch t ng qua ng h nhit k cm ng.
- Bc 5: Cho bng ti chy, tip cht bi trn (x phng).
3.4.4. S c v cch khc phc
- Nhit ca chai sau khi hp vn cha t yu cu (nhit cn qu thp)
do nhit ca nc thp hoc tc bng ti bn trong my hp nhanh - tng lu
lng hi nng nc phun, gim tc bng ti.
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- Chai lon b tc, khng di chuyn hay di chuyn rt chm trn bng ti do ma
st ln - tng lng x phng trn bng ti gim ma st.
- Chai lon b nght bn trong bung hp - dng thit b ly sn phm ra.
- Nhit chai lon sau khi hp qu cao- gim lng hi nng.
3.5. Thit b nu siro
3.5.1. S thit b h thng nu:
1
2
4
3
3
S 3.4: H thng nu ng
1. Ni nu ng
2. Bn lm ngui
3. Bn trung gian
4. Bm
3.5.2. Qu trnh nu sir

u tin nc c bm vo thit b nu l ni 2 v (1), m van hi, un nc
ln n nhit 60-700C. Sau , cho ng vo tip tc gia nhit nc ln n
90-950C, duy tr nhit ny trong thi gian khong 10-15 pht. Trong qu trnh cho
cnh khuy hot ng lin tc nhm trnh hin tng gia nhit cc b gy hin tng
caramen lm xu mu sir. Qu trnh nu lng acid c b sung vo nhm to mi
trng acid cho cc phn ng chuyn ho din ra d dng hn to ra v thanh du cho
nc gii kht, ng thi c th thm cht bo qun nhm tng thi gian bo qun sn
phm.
Sau khi ho tan ta em lc v c lm ngui (2) l ni 1 v, bn trong c ng
xon rut g qua thit b ny nc s lm gim nhit ca dch c lm ngui
xung 30- 450C.
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Siro trng c h thng bm (4) bm vo ni cha (3) v chun b cho qu

trnh tip theo. y ta cng cho cnh khuy hot ng trnh hin tng ng b
kt lng y bn.
Thit b ni nu ng:
Cu to: l ni 2 v gia 2 lp l lp bo n c tc dng gi nhit cho ni
nu ng, ng thi hi cng c cp vo gia 2 lp ny. Bn trn ni c gn mot
n c gn vi cnh khuy trn ho tan ng vo trong nc, trnh hin tng
ng b chy v vn cc nh hng n cht lng ca sn phm sau ny. Tc
cnh khuy trung bnh 50-60 vng/pht.
Thit b lm ngui
Cu to l ni 1 v bn trong l ni 1 v, bn trong c ng xon rut g nc
c lm ngui xung 30- 400C. Bn trong thit b cng c cnh khuy cu to ging
nh ni nu ng, cnh khuy c tc dng o trn nhm lm ngui dch ng
nhanh hn, u hn. Bn ngoi c ng thu tinh nhm quan st dch ng cha bn
trong.
Bn cha:
Cu to l ni 1 v, tc dng l sau khi dch ng c lm ngui s a qua
y chun b cho qu trnh pha ch giai on tip theo. Thit b cng c cnh
khuy, cnh khuy hot ng nhm trnh cho dch ng b lng di y bn. Bn
ngoi bn c ng thu ging thit b lm ngui nhm mc ch gip cho cng nhn
quan st mc dch cn li trong bn. Bn di y bn c van x cn nh c van ny
cn s c loi b ra ngoi.
3.6. H thng sc ra thit b
3.6.1. V sinh thit b.
3.6.1.1. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh ty ra v kh trng:
Ty ra: L qu trnh ly cc vt bn ra khi h thng sn xut.
Kh trng: L qu trnh tiu dit vi sinh vt: Vi khun, nm mc, bo t cn li
trong qu trnh sn xut.
Mc ch ca qu trnh ty ra v kh trng:
+ Lm sch b mt thit b nh xng.
+ Loi tr vi sinh vt nhim tp.
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+ m bo cht lng sn phm.

+ m bo cho sc kho ngi tiu dng.
Cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh:
+ Cht lng nc
+ B mt ty ra.
+ Nhit ty ra
+ Thi gian ty ra
+ Nng cht ty ra.
Bng 3.1: Cc ha cht dng ty ra v kh trng
TT
Tn ho cht
Cng dng
u im
Cn
Ty ra, st trng.
Hiu qu ra tt
H2 O2
Ngm ty ra ng lc tinh
R c kh nng
St trng hp
st trng cao
Bn d s dng
Cloramin B
St trng cc bao b nha
NaOH
Ti ch Anion
v sinh thit b bo ho
CO2
V
5
6
V sinh my
HCl
Ti ch cation
HNO3
V sinh thit b tit trng
C kh nng
UHT
loi tt cc cn
v c
3.6.1.2. V sinh thit b trong x l nc:

+ Lc s b: Sau 3 thng v sinh 1 ln bng cch: Thay lp ct mi, than v
ti ch s dng li.
+ Bn cha: mi tun v sinh 1 ln bng cch ra bng nc sch, ra
cloramin B, ri ra li bng nc sch.
+ Lc th: V sinh mi ngy sau ca sn xut.
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Ly ct lc ra khi bn
Tho dy thun, vi qun v lp bng gn.
Dng vi nc c p sut cao ra sch dy thun, vi, bng gn.
ro
Trc inox cng c ra sch bng vi nc trn.
V sinh xong tin hnh qun li cy ct lc.
+ Lc tinh: V sinh sau mi ca lm vic:
Ly ct lc ra khi thit b lc.
Ngm cy lc trong H2O2 5-6 %, trong 7-8 gi.
Sau dng vi nc sch.
+ Trao i ion:
1 tun ti sinh ht nha 1 ln.
i vi ct cation: S dng dung dch HCl 1-1,5% (30 lt + 170 lt nc).
i vi ct anion: S dng dung dch NaOH 1-1,5% (7kg + 300 lt nc).
Tin hnh x ngc dung dch HCl, NaOH vo 2 ct cation v anion.
Ri x ngc bng nc.
Sau x thun bng nc 1 ln na.
Thi gian ti sinh l 4 gi.
+ Lc than hot tnh: 2- 3 ln/tun. Than c ly ra phi ro nc ri em
rang tht kh.
+ ng lc vi sinh: Mi ngy v sinh 1 ln bng cch ngm trong dung dch
H2O2 trong thi gian 1 ngy. Cc ng ng phi c ngm nh k bng H2O2 cui
mi tun.
3.6.1.3. V sinh my chit rt:
Thng cha c v sinh bng nc nng 800C.
H thng thit b bn ngoi c v sinh bng nc x l
3.6.1.4. V sinh thit b lm sch CO2:
Bn cha bt tr lc v thuc tm: 1 ngy/ln vo cui ngy. V sinh bng
nc sinh hot. u tin, x y cc dung dch trong bn, ng li ri bm nc sinh
hot vo y bn ri x y n khi sch.
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Bn cha than hot tnh: 2-3 ngy/ln. Sau 1 thi gian lm vic kh nng hp
ph mi ca than hot tnh gim do cn phc hi kh nng hp ph mi ca than
bng cch ly than ra khi bn v ngm than trong nc khong 24h, sau phi
nng cho ro nc ri em i rang tht kh bng trng rang.
3.6.1.5. V sinh my bo ho CO2:
V sinh nh k: 1 tun/ln. qua 4 ln:
Ln 1: 1000 lt nc nng 800C pha vi 2,5 kg NaOH.
Ln 2: ra bng nc nng 800C.
Ln 3: ra bng nc nng 800C.
Ln 4: ra bng nc lnh.
Bn ngoi thit b c ra bng x phng ri ra li bng nc sinh hot.
My hp: My hp s c v sinh mi tun 1 ln.
Bng ti v sinh bng nc x l sau 1 ca lm vic.
3.7. Thit b ra, chit ng np chai nc c gas
Hnh 3.5 Thit b ra chai

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Hnh 3.6 Thit b chit rt, ng np chai lon nc c gas

Cng sut: 7200 chai/h
i vi chai nha, thng khng cn phi ra bng cc loi ho cht m ch cn
sc trng bng tia nc mnh, bi v chai nha ch s dng mt ln khng quay vng,
nn bn trong chai tng i sch. My ra loi ny c hai dng: dng my thng v
dng bn quay. Dng thng thch hp cho cc qui trnh nng sut nh, cn dng bn
quay p dng cho nng sut ln.
3.7.1. Phm vi s dng:
Dy chuyn ny dng hnh thc chit ng p nn uc s dng chnh trong cng
ngh ng chai cc loi ung nh nc ung tinh khit, nuc hoa qu, nc c gas.
3.7.2. c im my:
Tt c cc qu trnh u uc t ng ho. My c th chit uc c nuc nng
nu c trang b thit b iu khin nhit .
My s dng chung trnh iu khin tin tin PLC ca OMRON iu khin
my chy t ng trong khi s vn hnh ca cc bng chuyn a chai vo my vi
tc iu chnh uc v khong cch cc chai u nhau vi vic vn hnh ca my
ch.
3.7.3. Thng s k thut:
- S u ra: 18
- S u chit: 18
- S u ng np: 8
- Kh nng sn xut: 5000 chai/ h (chai 500 ml)
- Cng sut: 4 Kw
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PHN 4. TM HIU MT S VN KHC

4.1. Cch t chc, iu hnh mt ca sn xut
4.1.1. Thi gian lm vic ca cng ty
Thi gian lm vic ca cng ty c chia lm 2 ca:
Ca ban ngy: T 7h sng n 16h, thi gian ngh gia ca t 11h30-12h30.
Ca ban m: T 8h ti n 6h sng, thi gian ngh gia ca t 1h-2h.
4.1.2 iu hnh sn xut
Cng nhn trong cng ty c qun l bi qun c v c chia lm nhng t
sn xut nh. Ngi ng u mi t l t trng.
Hot ng ca cng nhn c gim st bi t trng, v KCS.
4.2. Cc quy nh v v sinh c nhn, v sinh thit b, phn xng nhm m bo
cht lng v v sinh v an ton cho ngi, sn phm.
Trc khi vo trong phn xng lm vic, cng nhn phi nhng chn qua bn
c cha nc chlorine v bn nc sch kh trng. Ngoi ra, phi mang y
dng c bo h lao ng: khu trang, gng tay, ng, o Blouse ty thuc vo yu cu
ca mi khu sn xut.
Sau mi ca sn xut, cng nhn tin hnh v sinh nh xng, my mc
chun b cho ca sn xut tip theo.
4.2.1. Trong khu vc sn xut
Nhng ngi tip xc trc tip.
Thc phm (b ra nguyn liu), bn thnh phm.
Cc b mt tip xc vi thc phm.
Cc nguyn liu bao gi.
Phi thc hin nghim tc cc quy nh sau:
Mc trang phc bo h lao ng c cp sch s, i m trm u tc,
eo khu trang, i ng hay dp (c cp), man knh bo h (cc v tr quy nh)
mang gng tay mu sng hoc vt liu khng thm nc hoc khng n mn ( cc v
tr quy nh).
Khng eo trang sc (nhn, vng, ng h) mng tay phi c ct
ngn, khng c sn mng tay.
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Ra tay k bng x phng lau kh sau khi ra v trc khi mang bao tay
lm vic, sau khi i v sinh hoc sau khi tip xc vi d trong bao b d.
Tt c mi ngi iu phi chp hnh ng quy nh, mc trang phc bo
h lao ng c dng s dng, dng c nhn bn ngoi khu vc sn xut.
Khng mang cc thc n ung vo tronh phn xng, khng c n
ungnh ko cao su, ht thuc, ngm tm trong khu vc sn xut.
Khng c vt rc, bao nilng, giy, dc phm, m phm trong khu vc
sn xut.
Tuyt i khng c khc nh trong khu vc sn xut.
Khch thm khu vc sn xut phi mc o chong, i m chp hnh quy
nh v sinh chung trong khu vc m h thm quan.
4.2.2. Trong cng ty:
Chp hnh ng quy nh mc trang phc bo h lao ng.
Khng c khc nh vt rc, tn thuc xung mc bng cng ty.
Phi b rc ng ni quy nh.
Khng c ht thuc khng ng ni cho php.
4.3. H thng x l nc thi
H thng x l nc thi ti cng ty Tn Quang Minh c cng sut 120
m2/ngy m.
Hnh 4.1: H thng x l nc thi
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Nc thi
Loi tp cht
NaOH
Trung ha
Kh mu, mi
Bn vi sinh
Lng
Nc x l
S 4.1: Quy trnh x l nc thi

4.3.1. Thuyt minh quy trnh
Nc thi s c lc s b bng cch b tr cc song chn rc ti ng cng
cn cc vt c kch thc ln nh: bao nilng, hp, ba cactng, Sau nc
thi s c bm ln b 1 l b x l s b v trung ha vi p lc ln. Song song vi
ng dn nc thi l ng dn dung dch NaOH 0,25% vo b trung ha pH
= 7.00.2, theo tiu chun ca B y t. Hai ng ny hot ng ng thi khi ngng
nc thi th dung dch NaOH cng ngng cung cp. Ti y c b tr cc ng ng
sc kh nc c khuy trn gip phn ng trung ha c din ra mt cch trit ,
ng thi y cc tp cht kh ln trn b mt, cc tp cht ny s c vt ra ngoi
bng vt li trnh nght ng ng. b ny c b tr mt phao v tr c nh,
khi nc dng ln ti phao th bm s bm nc t b ny sang b 2 l b kh mu v
kh mi bng bn vi sinh.
Ti b 2 c cha bn vi sinh ng thi b tr nhiu ng ng sc khng kh
vo nc nui bn. Lng bn vi sinh khong 400ml bn/l nc. Khi thy bn kt
lng c mu vng l kh tt. Khi mc nc s t chy trn vo cc ng ng dn
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qua b (3) l b lng. Cc ng ng ny cch y ca b (3) khong 1,5m to

dng nc vo nh nhng trnh b khuy ng gy nh hng n qu trnh lng.
B lng c dng cn, di y c hai l hnh chp nn ng knh 50cm
cha bn lng. Trn mi l c b tr cch gt gom bn vo l, vn tc ca cnh gt
rt chm: 1 vng/10pht to trng thi tnh cho cc thnh phn l lng c th lng
c. Bn hai l s c bm tr v b (2).
Nc b (3) c x l c pH=7- 8 (o bng giy qu), nc c mu xanh
l cy. Ti b (3) c b tr 1 ng kn hai u, trn ng c c nhiu l khi mc
nc dng ln s chy trn vo cc l ny v i ra ngoi. Mc ch l trnh khuy
ng nc, ng thi gi li mt t bn chn rc nu cn st li.
4.3.2. Vn hnh:
Trn t iu khin:
M bm nc thi t hm cha ln b (1): bm ch t hot ng theo
phao.
M bm nc thi t b (1) qua b (2) tip xc: bm ch t hot ng
theo phao.
M my thi kh, sc kh vo b (2): m my lin tc ch cho my ngh khong
3 gi bo qun my.
M bm nh lng NaOH t ng theo bm
Trm x l thc hin cc thao tc:
+ iu chnh cc van kh u vo b (2).
+ Dng vt li vt cc tp cht ni ln trn.
+ M van sc kh vo b (3).
Kim tra bn hot tnh: hng ngy kim tra bn hot tnh bng cch ly becher
1000ml mc y bn hot tnh trong b (2), sau lng trong khong mi pht.
Quan st bn trong becher khong 200ml l bn hot tnh tt.
Nu bn di vch 200ml cn b sung bn.
Nu bn trn vch 200ml cn x bn ra b cha bn.
Bo tr my mc thit b:
+ Thng xuyn theo di, kim tra cc my mc thit b, nu pht hin h
hng phi sa cha ngay.
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+ nh k 3 thng thay du m cho bm lng ha cht.

+ nh k 2 thng thay du m cho my thi kh.
+ Thng xuyn kim tra cc ng dy in pht hin h hng, r r
in, nu pht hin h hng phi sa cha ngay.
+ Lun v sinh sch xung quanh trm x l.
4.3.3. S c v cch khc phc
Rc lm nght ng ng ta phi thng ng bng cch dng bm c cng sut
ln bm nc vo ng ng y rc ra ngoi.
ng dn b nt v do p lc ln, do thi tit ta phi thay i ng ng.
Lng khng kh sc vo b thiu do ng ng dn b x lm qu trnh tng
sinh khi ca khi bn chm, hiu qu hot ng ca bn km ta phi hn li ng
ng hoc thay ng ng mi.
M van hi bn ln, bn s khng c hi lu v (2) m phng vt ln cao ra
ngoi do lc ht lownsthif phi m van t t.
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S 4.2: H thng x l nc thi

Ghi ch:
1. ng dn nc thi.
6. ng nc t b (2) chy trn
2. ng dn dung dch NaOH
vo ng ng qua b (3).
0,25%.
7. ng dn khng kh.
3. ng dn nc t b (1) sang b
8. L cha bn lng.
(2).
9. Cnh gt bn.
4. ng hi bn.
10. ng sc kh vo nc.
5. Nc t b (3) chy trn vo ng

ra ngoi.
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KT LUN
Sau khi hon thnh chng trnh hc trng v kt thc thi gian thc tp b
ch ti cng ty, chng em hc c nhiu kin thc sn xut c bn lin quan n
chuyn ngnh cng ngh thc phm, c bit l cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht.
Trong qu trnh thc tp chng em c c hi tip xc thc t t cng c v
nng cao kin thc, tm hiu thc t sn xut c th l dy chuyn sn xut nc gii
kht ca cng ty.
Chng em tin tng rng, cng ty s ngy cng pht trin v a ra th trng
nhiu dng sn phm mi hn p ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng.
Mt ln na chng em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c, qu cng ty to
iu kin gip chng em hon thnh tt kha thc tp ny.
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NHN XT V KIN NGH

Qua qu trnh trc tip tham gia sn xut ti cng ty cng nh qua vic tm
hiu tnh hnh hot ng sn xut ca cng ty trong nhng nm gn y cho thy cng
ty TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH l mt doanh
nghip ln trong ngnh sn xut nc gii kht, cng ty c h thng my mc v thit
b hin i, c i ng cn b k thut vi trnh cao, c b my t chc qun l tt.
Chnh iu ny a cng ty ngy cng pht trin vng mnh, nng sut nh my
gia tng, to cng n vic lm cho hng trm cng nhn.
Tuy nhin y mnh sn xut v c nhiu ngi tin dng cng ty cn phi
thng xuyn o to, bi dng i ng cn b k thut. Tng bc t ng ha
my mc, dy chuyn thit b nhm gim lng cng nhn v tng nng sut nh my.
Ngoi ra cng ty cng nn lu n vn an ton lao ng cho cng nhn, c bit
l cng nhn t c in, cng nhn vn hnh my. Song song l xy dng phng
nghin cu v pht trin sn phm mi, m rng th trng, t chc qung b thng
hiu cng ty vi ngi tiu dng trong v ngoi nc.
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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Ngc Dung, X l nc cp, Nh xut bn Xy dng, nm 1999.
2. L Vn Vit Mn, Cng ngh sn xut thc ung tp 2, NXB HQG Tp.
HCM, nm 2006.
3. Nguyn nh Thng, Cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht, NXB Khoa hc K
thut, H Ni, nm 1986.
4. http://www.bidrico.com.vn.
5. Bo co thc tp tt nghip.
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BO CO THC TP

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

GVHD: Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

PHN 2. CNG NGH SN XUT .......................................................................... 28

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

3.1.1.1. Tc cha CO2 lng: .................................................................................................. 60

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

4.3.3. S c v cch khc phc ................................................................................. 77

GVHD: Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

GVHD: Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

GVHD: Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

S 3.3 S h thng my hp chai, lon .................................................... 65

GVHD: Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT & THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

GVHD: Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

PHN 1: TM HIU CHUNG V NH MY

Hnh 1.1 Tng th cng ty Bidrico

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

Hnh 1.2 Logo cng ty

Kho nguyn liu: 2760m2

Kho thnh phm: 5.000m2

Nh xng sn xut: 2.550m2

Khu phng th nghim KCS lu mu: 98m2

Cng trnh ph khc: 100m2

Din tch d phng: 4.530m2

Cng ty TN QUANG MINH v ang lp t nhng thit b my mc, t

Cc loi nc ngt c gaz

Cc loi nc ngt khng gaz

Cc loi nc c ch bin t hoa qu tho mc

Cc sn phm sa chua, sa ti.

GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

1.2. Qu trnh pht trin cc sn phm ca nh my

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

- Nc gii kht c gaz: Gm nhiu sn phm khc nhau vi nhiu hng

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

- Nc ngt c gaz Bidrico: Vi cc hng v: Cam, Cola, X x, Vi,

Sa chua tit trng Yobi: vi cc hng v: Cam, Du, Mng cu ng

trong hp 180ml v chai nha 110ml .

GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

ung tinh luyn

Cht to chua ( acid citric khong

chua/ acid citric 2g/l

Cht bo qun 0.05 g/l

Hnh 1.6 Nc p tri cy A*nuta vi cc loi hng

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

Nc tng lc Red Tiger: ng trong chai 180ml v lon 240ml.

Bng 1.4 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc tng lc Red Tiger

GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico: ng trong bnh 21 lt, 0.5 lt v 0.35 lt

Hnh 1.8 Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico.

Hnh 1.9 Nc yn ngn nh Bidrico.

Bng 1.5 Thnh phn v ch tiu trong nc yn ngn nh

GVHD: Th.s Vnh Long

CNG TY TNHH SN XUT V THNG MI TN QUANG MINH

- Rau cu Bidrico: ng trong bch 0.5kg v 1kg.