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M u
nhng nm qua, c ph lun gi vai
tr l mt trong s t nhng mt hng
trng yu ca nn kinh t quc dn.
C ph ng vai tr rt quan trng trong
ngnh nng nghip ni ring v kinh t
quc dn ni chung ca nhiu quc gia
trn th gii.
Ti Vit Nam, c ph l mt hng xut
khu quan trng th hai sau go, to sinh
k v cng n vic lm cho hng triu
ngi tham gia vo cc khu khc
nhau trong chui ngnh hng c ph.
Trong
I. GII THIU VI NT V CY C PH
1. Lch s cy c ph
Khong 1000 nm trc,1 ngi thiopi ngu
nhin pht hin ra hng v tuyt vi ca 1 cy
l mc lng Capfa gn th Ethiopi.
T th k VI, do tc dng kch thch mnh m
m thi c coi l hin tng thn k, cy
c ph lan c sang Yemen, cc ncTrung Cn
ng v nhanh chng sang ARp (Arabica) do
c loi c ph tn l Arabica.
Th k XVI c ph vo Chu u, Chu , Chu
i Dng. Ging c ph Arabica do ngi H
Lan a vo Xrilanca, Clmbia v Java
(Innxia) nm 1670. Cui th k XVII, cy c
ph ng vng chc trn th gii.
2. Cc loi c ph
C
-
l:
C ph ch (Coffee Arrabica L) (65%)
C ph vi (Coffee canephora pirre) (35%)
C ph mt (Excelsa) : pht hin 1902 Ubangui
Chari.
3. ch li ca cy c ph
1992 /93
140.000
1993/94
150.000
10.000
1994/95
215.000
65.000
1995/96
295.000
80.000
1996/97
350.000
55.000
1997/98
410.000
60.000
1998/99
460.000
50.000
1999/00
520.000
60.000
2000/01
500.000
-20.000
2001/02
540.000
40.000
Nm
Nng
14
sut(t/ha
)
14,4
15
15,2
16
20
21
Ngun: VINACAFE
22
3.3. Sn lng
Vit
Sn lng (tn)
1992/93
140.400
1993/94
181.200
40.800
1994/95
211.920
30.720
1995/96
236.280
24.360
1996/97
242.300
6.020
1997/98
1998/99
413.580
404.206
171.280
- 9374
1999/00
700.000
295.794
2000/01
900.000
200.000
2001/02
1.050.000
150.000
Ngun: Bo co VICOFA
Nguyn liu qu ti
Phng php
t
Phn loi trong b
phng php kh
phi kh hoc sy
Xt ti
c ph qu kh
Phn loi c ph
Ngm ln men
Ra sch
Lm ro nc
Phi kh hoc sy
C ph thc kh
Lm sch tp cht
Xt kh
nh bng c ph nhn
Phn loi c ph
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
1998
2002
2004
1998
1.60
1.40
2002
2004
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Ngho
nht
Ngho
Trung
bnh
Kh
Giu
Chung
TP HCM
1200
H Ni
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Khngbao
gi
V i
cc/nm
13
cc/thng
14
cc/tun
46
cc/tun
1cc/ngy
23
cc/ngy
Khc
Vit
9T/02
9T/03
Tng KN
(%)
Tng KN
(USD)
Lng
(tn)
Kim ngch
(USD)
Lng
(tn)
Kim ngch
(USD)
81.399
33.014.535
78.983
54.243.273
+64,3%
+21.228.738
66.559
25.752.903
65.976
45.215.560
+75,6%
+19.462.657
Ty Ban Nha
32.892
12.671.088
41.125
27.613.772
+117,9%
+14.942.684
Italia
33.981
14.064.795
34.353
24.195.740
+72,0%
+10.130.945
Php
21.260
8.681.738
28.451
19.492.391
+124,5%
+10.810.653
Anh
33.820
12.503.316
25.669
17.311.128
+38,5%
+4.807.812
Ba Lan
19.756
8.157.572
24.498
16.627.686
+103,8%
+8.470.114
Hn Quc
17.876
7.161.964
23.682
16.210.982
+126,3%
+9.049.018
Nht Bn
31.448
13.541.898
18.373
13.996.500
+3,4%
+454.602
H Lan
23.964
9.202.421
20.259
13.771.287
+49,6%
+4.568.866
32.857
13.886.988
17.390
12.057.395
-13,2%
-1.829.593
Philppin
19.004
8.262.620
17.222
11.434.963
+38,4%
+3.172.343
Thy S
30.672
11.048.129
14.837
10.142.167
-8,2%
-905.962
Singapo
13.091
5.082.728
9.729
6.577.232
+29,4%
+1.494.504
Cc th trng khc
35.223
13.840.828
77.722
54.127.481
+291,1%
+40.286.653
Tng cng
543.945
213.891.206
498.269
343.017.557
+60,4%
+129.126.351
a.
Kt lun
C ph l mt hng xut khu ch lc ca
Vit Nam.Vic y mnh sn xut v xut
khu c ph lun l mi quan tm, l mc tiu
lu di ca chng ta.
Tuy nhin vic pht trin sn xut c ph
mt cch qu nhanh, ng thi vi s bin ng
mnh ca gi c th trng c ph th gii, lm
cho chng ta ang gp rt nhiu kh khn.
Thc t i hi chng ta phi c nhng chnh
sch, cng c marketing, k hoch ng n
nhm hn ch nhng kh khn, a ngnh c
ph Vit Nam thc s tr thnh mt ngnh hng
kinh t mi nhn trong thi k u ca s
nghip CNH-HH t nc.