Cu 1: Cc loi tin t c s dng trong thanh ton quc t?c im mi loi? 1.

Cn c vo phm vi s dng tin t( Trang 17 ) Tin t th gii:L tin t c cc quc gia ng nhin tha nhn lm phng tin TTQT , phng tin d tr QT m khng cn c s tha nhn trong cc hip nh.Hin nay tin t TG l Vng. o c im ca vng :

Khng dng vng th hin gi c cng nh tnh ton tng tr gi hp ng/hip nh. Khng dng vng thanh ton hng ngy ca cc giao dch pht sinh gia cc QG. Tin giy khng c i ra vng 1 cch t do thng qua hm lng vng ca tin t. Vng ch c dng lm tin t chi tr gia cc nc khi khng tm c cng c tr n khc thay th. Tin t quc t: VD: EURO l ng tin chung ca chu u). L tin t chung ca mt khi kinh t quc t. N c ra i t mt hip nh tin t k kt gia cc thnh vin Tin t quc gia: L tin t ca cc quc gia ring bit nh USD, GBP, JPY, VN Tin t c pht hnh, tn ti v lu thng l do Lut tin t ca tng nc quy nh Tn ti di cc dng:Tin mt, tin tn dng (Tin tn dng bng giy truyn thng, tin tin` dng in t)

o c im:

o c im:

Khng c i ra vng ( sau khi h thng tin t Bretton Woods sp ) =>Hm lng vng ca tin t do chnh ph cc nc tuyn b l khng c ngha kinh t. Hu ht tin t ca cc quc gia u tuyn b th ni (t sau khi h thng Bretton Woods sp ) tr cc nc ngho v ang b bao vy nh Cuba, Triu Tin Tin t quc gia tham gia vo thanh ton quc t ph thuc vo v tr ca tin t quc gia tn th trng TG+S la chn t do ca cc bn trong cc hip nh/hp ng. Mc qun l ngoi hi ca cc nc thng khng ging nhau( cc nc giu qun l t do , cc nc ngho qun l cht ch) Sc mua tin t ca cc quc gia bin ng theo chiu cnh ko Tin t t do chuyn i

2. Cn c vo s chuyn i ca ng tin -

lut tin t ca nc hoc khi kinh t c tin t cho php bt k ai c thu nhp tin t ny u c quyn yu cu h thng Ngn hng nc chuyn i t do chuyn i tin t ny ra tin t khc m khng cn phi c giy php

Tin t chuyn khon: L tin t m lut tin t ca mt nc hoc mt khi kinh t quy nh: Nhng khon thu nhp bng tin t ny s c ghi vo TK m ti cc NH ch nh s c quyn chuyn khon sang TK ch nh ca mt bn khc cng 1 NH hoc NH mt nc khc m khng cn giy php.

Tin t chuyn khon khng c t do chuyn i sang cc ngoi t khc m ch c chuyn quyn s hu tin t t ngi ny sang ngi khc . Tin t Clearing: L tin t quy nh trong H thanh ton b tr c k kt gia 2 quc gia. Khng c chuyn i sang tin t khc Khng c chuyn khon TK khc Ch c ghi C v N trn TK clearing.Cui nm tin hnh b tr . Bn no d n tr bng bng no(tr hng/ngoi t t do/chuyn sang TK vay n nm sau) ph thuc H k kt 2 quc gia.

Cu 2: Tin t t do chuyn i l g?Cho VD?( Trang 28 SGK)

Tin t t do chuyn i l nhng tin t m lut tin t ca nc hoc khi kinh t c tin t cho php bt k ai c thu nhp tin t ny u c quyn yu cu h thng Ngn hng nc chuyn i t do chuyn i tin t ny ra tin t khc m khng cn phi c giy php.

VD: Tin t t do chuyn i ton phn: USD,EURO,GBP,JPY,AUD,CHF,ATS,MYRTin t chuyn i tng phn: PHP, TWD, THB, KRW

Cu 3: T gi hi oi l g? C s hnh thnh t gi hi oi?

Khi nim t gi hi oi ( Slide T3) Theo gio trnh:

Trang 46: T gi hi oi l quan h so snh gia hai tin t ca hai nc vi nhau. Trang 47:Ga c ca mt n v tin t ny th hin bng mt s v tin t nc kia.

Theo PLNH 2005: TGH ca ng VN l gi ca 1 n v tin t nc ngoi tnh bng n v ca VN. C s hnh thnh t gi hi oi Ch bn v tin vng(trc nm 1914):Tin c bng vng c a vo lu thng v giy bc ngn hng c t do chuyn i ra vng thng qua hm lng vng ca n. iu kin ca ch ny:

-Vng m bo nhu cu c t do -Kh nng chuyn i 2 chiu ca tin v vng -Vng c t do XK v NK

Ch hi oi vng (1914-1944):

-TGH c xc nh da trn c s so snh hm lng vng m giy bc NH i din. - Pht hnh giy bc NH v cam kt i cc giy bc ra vng theo 1 t l nht nh. -Trong g ny,cc quc gia tch ly vng,nng sut lao ng tng cao,CNTB pht trin thnh Ch ngha quc.

Ch Bretton Woods (1945-1972):

-TGH c xc nh da vo c s so snh hm lng vng m cc ng tin i din vi hm lng vng ca USD. -Ch c usd c i trc tip sang vng -T l c nh: 35 USD/ounce vng =>Qua 3 thi k ny, hm lng vng l c s xc nh t gi H

Ch tin t hu Bretton Woods( T 1973-nay) C s: Da vo ngang gi sc mua theo quy lut 1 gi Ngoi t:L ng tin ca quc gia khc hoc ng tin chung ( EURO..) Cc phng php thanh ton bng ngoi t:Sc, K phiu, Hi phiu, Th NH Cc loi giy t c gi ghi bng ngoi t: Gm tri phiu Chnh ph,tri phiu cng ty, k phiu, c phiu v cc loi giy t c gi khc ( chng ch tin gi) Vng

Cu 4:Cc loi t gi phn loi theo quy nh trong Php lnh NH 2005?

+ThuC d tr ngoi hi ca nh nc, trn tk NC NGOI CA NGI C TR. +Di dng khi, thi, ht, ming nu c chuyn vo hoc ra khi VN

Tin Vit Nam

+Chuyn ra hoc vo VN +c s dng trong thanh ton QT. Cu 5 Cc loi t gi phn loi theo phng tin thanh ton quc t?

T gi chuyn tin bng in:L TG m NH bn cho KH km theo trch nhim l NH phi chuyn ngoi t cho ngi th hng bng phng tin chuyn tin in t. T gi th hi: L TG m NH bn cho KH km theo trch nhim chuyn lnh thanh ton ra bn ngoi bng con ng th tn thng thng.

T gi sc: L t gi m NH bn sc ngoi t cho KH km theo trch nhim chuyn sc n ngi th hng quy nh trn sc T gi hi phiu NH tr ngay:T gi m NH bn hi phiu ngoi t tr tin ngay cho KH l ngi th hng hi phiu. T gi HP ngn hng tr chm:t gi m NH bn hi phiu ngoi t tr chm cho KH l ngi th hng hi phiu.

Cu 6:Cc nhn t nh hng n t gi hi phiu

Chnh lch lm pht gia hai quc gia:

Gi mc chnh lch lm pht gia 2 nc l A( vd:A=lm pht ti VN-Lm pht ti M) -Nu A=0, tc khng c lm pht hoc cng mc lm pht th TGH khng i -Nu A<0( lm pht VN<Lm pht M) th ng tin yt gi ( USD) gim gi so ng nh gi (VND) - Nu A>0( lm pht VN>Lm pht M) th ng tin yt gi ( USD) ln gi so ng nh gi (VND)

Chnh lch li sut gia hai quc gia

- Vi cc yu t khc l khng i, khi li sut I tng -> vn s chy vo trong nc => cung ngoi t tng ln, cu ngoi t gim xung s lm t gi gim xung. - Ngc li, khi li sut I gim, dng vn s chy ra ngoi, cung ngoi t gim, cu ngoi t tng ln, t gi s tng ln

Cung v cu v Ngoi hi

- Khi cung > cu ngoi hi -> ng ni t tng gi, t gi hi hi oi gim. - Khi cung < cu ngoi hi -> ng ni t gim gi, t gi hi oi tng ln.

Cc yu t phi kinh t khc:Chnh sch quc gia, tnh hnh chnh tr

Cu 7:Thanh ton quc t l g?Cc ch th tham gia vo thanh ton quc t Thanh ton quc t:

Vic trao i cc hot ng kinh t v thng mi ca cc nc pht sinh cc khon thu v chi bng tin ca nc ny vi nc khc.V vy,cc nc phi cng nhau quy nh v cc yu t cu thnh c ch thanh ton gia cc quc gia nhu quy nh v ch th tham gia thanh ton, la chn tin t, cc cng c v cc phng thc i v chi tr tin t .Tng hp cc y t cu thnh c ch to thnh thanh ton quc t gia cc quc gia.

Cc ch th tham gia TTQT( Trang 1 SGK)

Ngn hng Trung ng Ngn hng thng mi

Cc ch th khc: gm cc php nhn,th nhn kinh doanh XNK hng ha, xnk lao ng, vn ti, bo him.(Ngi y thc cho NH thu h nhng khon phi thu v ra lnh cho NH chi cc khon phi chi cho nc ngoi)

Cu 8: Phng php xc nh TGH theo phng php t gi ( Cu ny bn cha r)

TGH ca 2 tin t v tr yn gi: Mun tm TGH ca hai tin t yt gi ca hai cp t gi khc nhau, ta ly t gi ca tin ca tin yt gi chia cho t gi ca tin nh gi.

-Mun tm t gi bn: -Mun tm t gi mua:

TGH ca 2 tin t v tr nh gi: Ta ly t gi ca tin t nh gi chia cho t gi ca tin t yt gi.

-Mun tm t gi bn -Mun tm t gi mua:

TGH ca 2 tin t v tr yn gi v v tr nh gi:Ta nhn 2 t gi vi nhau.

-Mun tm t gi bn : Ta nhn 2 t gi mua ca NH vi nhau. -Mun tm t gi mua: ta ly 2 t gi bn ca NH nhn vi nhau Tc dng : Xc nh t gi gia cc ng tin cha c nim yt t gi ( ngoi la M, Bng Anh, Euro l 3 ng tin c yt gi ch yu trn th trng NH ) Cu 9: Khi nim Cn cn thanh ton quc t? Kt cu ca cn cn thanh ton quc t? 1 cn cn thanh ton quc t - cn cn thanh ton quc t l bn cn i gia cc khon thu v chi 1 ng tin no gia ngi c tr v phi c tr trong mt thi hn nht nh. - khi nim khc: CCTTQT l mt bng tng hp i chiu 1 cch c h thng cc giao dch pht sinh t hot ng kinh t v phi kinh t ca 1 nc vi phn cn li ca th gii trong thi gian nht nh. *lu : - phi c thc o lng ha v so snh cc giao dch pht sinh thng l n v tin t ca 1 t chc quc t, khi kinh t hoc 1 quc gia. - thi hn: 1 nm dng lch. - cc khon thu v chi thuc lnh vc kinh t, khoa hc, x hi, quc phng ca 1 nc vi nc khc. 2. kt cu ca cn cn thanh ton:

- c lp trn nguyn tc 2 loi ca khon thu v chi ngoi t: tng hoc gim ti sn thuc quyn s ha ca 1 nc vi cc nc khc; c lp trn nguyn tc 2 loi ca khon thu v chi ngoi t: tng hoc gim ti sn thuc quyn s dng ca 1 nc vi cc nc khc. a. Hng mc thng xuyn cn cn ti khon vng lai. - L hng mc phn nh tt c nhng gia dch pht sinh thng xuyn ca t nc vi cc nc khc, lm tng hoc gim ti sn thuc quyn s ha ca nc nc khc. - Bao gm cc giao dch: +xut khu hng ha. C bng i chiu xut khu v nhp khu hng ha cn cn thng mi. Chim t trng ln. Tnh gi FOP v CIF nhp khu. Bng i chiu thu v chi t xut nhp khu dch v cn cn dch v. Cc nc pht trin thng thng d. Gm: dch v vn chuyn, bo him, du lch, ti chnh, bu chnh vin thng. Gm cc khon thu chi t hot ng cho vay, u t nh li ngn hng, c tc, tri tc, li nhun t th trng chnh khon, kinh doanh bt ng sn. Yu t nh hng: mc lng, s tin u t, mc li. + chuyn giao 1 chiu: Khon chi 1 chiu, ca chnh ph nh l vin tr khng hon li, qu tng, biu tng; ca t nhn nh: kiu hi, lng thng cho lao ng nc ngoi; ca cc t chc phi chnh ph nh ng gp vo hi ch thp quc t. b. Hng mc vn: - Phn nh cc giao dch pht sinh ca 1 nc i vi cc nc khc lm tng hoc gim quyn s dng ti sn ca nc nc ngoi. - Gm cc giao dch ch yu sau: +chuyn giao vn 1 chiu. +vin tr khng v c hon li vi mc ch u t. +Khon n ngi c tr v phi c tr. +ti khon ngi c tr di c ra nc ngoi v ca ngi phi c tr mang vo nc c lp bo co. + cc giao dch v ti sn phi ti chnh: Giao dch ti sn ti chnh v hnh nhm phc v u t tin t hoc tn dng trung v di hn, bn quyn, nhn hiu thng mi bng sng ch

+ dch v:

+ cc khon thu nhp yu t cn cn thu nhp.

+ u t trc tip: u t vn v bt k ti sn vo 1 nc khc kinh doanh. + u t gin tip: ngi phi c tr u t c phiu, tra phiu, cng c th trng tin t v cc cng c pht sinh khc. +tn dng: khon vay ngn, trung v di hn vi nc khc v ngc li. c. Hng mc d tr: + phn nh thy i v vng, ngoi t, ti sn d tr mak cc t chc tin t nm. +Gm: Vng tin t; vng tinh ch thuc s hu ca c quan qun l tin t (giao dch ch xy ra ti cc ngn hng trung ng). SDR: n v tin t ca IFM. Ngoi hi khc: phng tin c gi tr dng trong thanh ton, vd: ngoi t tin mt, tin gi, phng tin thanh ton ghi bng ngoi t.

Sai s thng k: sai st thng k v ghi chp

Cu 10: Th trng ngoi hi? c im ca th trng ngoi hi? Thnh vin tham gia th trng ngoi hi? - Th trng ngoi hi l ni din ra hot ng mua bn trao i ngoi hi (ngoi t v cc phng tin quc t c gi tr nh ngoi t). - l mt mng li ton cu lin quan ti cc thnh phn tham gia thanh ton vi nhau qua mng in tn, telex, fax, phone, my tnh v h thng giao dch t ng. *c im: - th trng ln nht ton cu (1.5 ngn t $/ngy). - th trng hot ng 24/24 - l mt th trng rt nhy cm. *thnh phn: - nhm 1: mc ch tha mn nhu cu ngoi t, vd: doanh nghip, cng ty a quc gia, t chc phi ngn hng. - nhm 2: nh m gii, nh u c, kinh doanh trn chnh lch gi ngoi t. - nhm 3: ngn hng trung ng: t chc kim sot iu chnh n nh th trng ngoi hi. Cu 11: Giao dch k hn? c im vn dng? - L 1 tha thun trong 1 ngi mua v 1 ngi bn chp nhn thc hin 1 giao dch xc nh ti thi im trong tng lai vi khi lng vi mc gi c n nh vo ngy hm nay.

- Thng c thc hin trn th trng OTC (th trng phi tp trung) . thng gia 2 t chc ti chnh hoc gia 1 t chc ti chnh vi 1 khch hng. - c s dng ngn nga ri ro ngoi hi. c im: - L tha thun gia ngi mua v ngi bn v ch c ngi mua v ngi bn tham gia vo k kt quy nh cc iu khon. - Thi im thc hin giao dch: ti 1 ngy xc nh trong tng lai do ngi mua v ngi bn tha thun. khi ti ngy thanh ton, ngi mua tr tin mua hng ha vi mc gi tha thun ban u cn ngi bn chuyn giao hng vi s lng n nh ban nh. - Gi c do 2 bn t tha thun vi nhau da trn c tnh c nhn. Gi hng trn th trng v thi im giao nhn c th thay i tng ln hoc gim xung so vi mc gi k kt trong hp ng. - Mt trong 2 bn s c li, nhng vn c ri ro thanh ton nu 1 trong 2 bn khng thc hin theo tha thun Cu 12: Giao dch swap? c im vn dng? - L giao dch m hai bn i tc trao i mt dng tin (cash flow) ny ly mt dng tin khc ca bn kia trong tng lai (ch c s tham gia ca 2 ng tin) vi t gi hoc li sut c n nh vo ngy k kt hp ng. Trong hp ng s quy inh ngy hai bn thc hin hon i dng tin v cch thc tnh dng tin. Thng th gi tr dng tin c tnh trn c s gi tr tng lai ca tin t. GIAO DCH HI OI HON I (CURRENCY SWAP) Nghip v giao dch hi oi hon i (Currency Swap) l giao dch hon i vn gc v tin li tnh bng ng tin ny sang tin li v vn gc tnh bng ng tin khc (ch c hai ng tin c s dng trong giao dch) trong thng th k hn thanh ton ca hai giao dch l khc nhau t gi ca hai giao dch c xc nh ti thi im k kt hp ng. c im: - Cc giao dch swap thng c dng phng nga cc loi ri ro ti chnh (nh ri ro v li sut thay i, ri ro v t gi, ri ro v gi c phiu), hng cc u i dnh cho cc cng ty trong nc, hoc nhm mc ch u c. - Giao dch c thc hin bn ngoi cc th trng giao dch tp trung thng qua hp ng swap mt loi cng c ti chnh phi sinh OTC (Over the counter). Hp ng Swap khng th c mua bn trao i nh l cc loi chng khon hay hp ng tng lai, m chng thc s l nhng hp ng c bit gia hai bn xc nh. Do , cch duy nht thot ra khi hp ng ny l bng tho thun song

phng vi pha i tc hu hp ng, hoc bng cch chuyn nhng n cho bn th ba vi iu kin c s ng ca pha i tc. - C rt nhiu loi hp ng hon i nh SWAP tin t, SWAP li sut, SWAP chng khon... mi loi SWAP c mt c im ring. Cu 13: Giao dch tng lai? c im vn dng? - Giao dch tng lai l mt tha thun trong c mt ngi mua v mt ngi bn chp nhn thc hin mt giao dch ti mt thi im trong tng lai vi mt khi lng xc nh v vi mc gi nh trc vo ngy k hp ng (ngy k khc ngy thc hin hp ng). - i tng ca hp ng: hang ha, ch s c phiu, li sut, tin t - Thng c giao dch trn cc s giao dch (khc vi hp ng tng lai). c im - Cc giao dch tng lai c nim yt v thc hin ch yu trn cc sn giao dch. C th mua i bn li m khng phi xc nh r pha i tc trong 1 hp ng c th. - Khng ghi r ngy c th m hai bn thc hin giao dch m ch quy nh v khong thi gian (thng) thc hin hp ng, bn bo quyt nh thi im c th trong thi gian thc hin giao dch. - Chi tit v giao dch c sn giao dch chun ha v s lng, cch thc yt gi, cht lng hng ha, a im giao hng ( vi giao dch hng ha) - Phn chia 2 v th trong hp ng tng lai: + bn bn: c nhiu li th v ngy, thi im thc hin hp ng +bn mua - Cc bn phi k qu ngn nga ri ro do cc bn khng thc hin giao dch thng qua vic iu chnh s d ti khon k qu ca nh u t da trn s bin ng gi ca giao dch. Cu 14: Giao dch quyn chn? c im vn dng? - Giao dch quyn chn: giao dch thng qua hp ng quyn chn mua hoc chn bn cho php ngi mua la chn quyn mua hoc quyn bn s lng hng ha c xc nh trc trong khong thi nht inh vi mc gi nh trc v mang tnh rng buc php l. + Quyn chn mua: l hp ng cho php ngi nm gi c quyn mua mt khi lng nht nh hng ha ti mt mc gi c xc nh trong mt thi gian nht nh. + Quyn chn bn: l hp ng cho php ngi nm gi c c quyn bn mt khi lng nht nh hng ha ti mt mc gi xc nh trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. c im

- Cc hng ha c th l c phiu, tri phiu, thng phm, dng tin hay ngoi t, hp ng tng lai. - Mi hp ng u bao gm 5 iu khon sau: Loi quyn (mua, bn) Tn hng ha c s v khi lng giao dch Ngy ht hn Gi thc hin Gi ca quyn (quyn ph) khon tin m ngi mua tr cho ngi bn c c quyn chn. - Giao dch quyn chn khng ch cho php nh u t n u xu th ca mt ng tin m n cn cho php gii hn ri ro thua l v kim c li nhun t hp ng quyn chn vi bt c chiu no ca bin ng gi: gi ln, gi xung hay thm ch l gi khng bin ng. - Ngi mua quyn: c quyn thc hin hay khng thc hin quyn. ngi bn c ngha v thc hin khi ngi mua yu cu. thay vo ngi mua phi tr cho ngi bn mt khon tin xem nh l gi ca quyn chn - Hai loi quyn chn Quyn chn chu u: cho php thc hin giao dch vo ngy ht hn ngy cui hn nh Quyn chn m: cho php ngi nm quyn thc hin giao dch vo bt k thi im no trong hn nh v cho ti tn ngy hn hn v bao gm c ngy ht hn. - p dng giao dch quyn chn nhm lm n by ti chnh cho php nh u t nng cao t sut li nhun trn vn u t, phng nga ri ro. Vd quyn chn bn gip phng nga ri ro khi gi c th trng i xung. Cu 15: Cc bin php iu chnh cn cn thanh ton quc t? - Cn cn thng mi quc t l cn cn d tha hoc b thiu ht tuy nhin ch iu chnh khi b thiu ht thng xuyn v c nh hng n chnh tr v t nc nguyn tc iu chnh tng thu v gim chi ngoi hi (t gi hi oi; li sut chit khu ngn hng; tng ngoi t bng cc khn vay; tc ng ca nh nc i vi thu chi ca cn cn). - Ty theo mi trng kinh t v ti chnh vai tr ca cc yu t khc nhau. a. Thay i TGHD iu chnh CCTT. - Chnh sch ph gi hoc gim gi tin t y mnh xut khu hng ha; khuyn khch u t nc ngoi.

- Tuy nhin mc iu chnh ph gi hay gim gi nh hng ln n hiu qu ca n v c v s mc iu chnh u mang li kt qu l s cn bng CCTTQT trong ngn hn. nu mc iu chnh qu ln s lm kch thch lm pht, bp nght sn xut trong nc.
b.

C ch a t gi linh hot: - T t gi c bn do ngn hng nh nc cng b, ngn hng thng mi, ngn hng u t, qu

u t, s p dng cc t gi khc nhau nhm tng thu ngoi t. - Nguyn tc p dng: + p dng t gi cao cc b. *hng xut khu ch lc. * hng nhp khu c th sn xut v hng khoog cn thit. *dch v du lch, khuyn khch du lch vo trong nc v hn ch du lch ra bn ngoi. + p dng t gi thp cc b: *hng nhp khu v t liu sn xut, nguyn liu c tnh chin lc, cng ngh k thut cao nhm gp phn gim chi ph sn xut y mnh xut khu tng thu ngoi t. *hng xut khu mang hiu qu thp (nguyn liu th, hang xut nhiu vo nguyn liu nhp khu). c. thc hin chnh sch chin khu cao: - t sut chit khu cao lm thu ht vn u t nc ngoi ngn hn vo Vit Nam. - tuy nhin ko theo s lm tng li sut cho vay dn n lu thng phc v sn xut gim nh hng m sn xut lm gim xut khu hay gim thu ngoi t. y l gii php ngn hn, khng th ko di ci thin CCXKQT. d.. cc bin php ti chnh khc: - vay tin t IMF, o n, thu hi vn u t, bn r cc loi chnh khon. - xut vng tr n. - tuyn b ph sn nh ch tr n nc ngoi Cu 16: So snh giao dich k hn v giao dch tng lai? Ging: L nhng tha thun trong c mt ngi mua v mt ngi bn chp nhn thc hin mt giao dch trong tng lai vi mt khi lng xc nh v vi mc gi nh trc vo ngy k hp ng (ngy k khc ngy thc hin hp ng). Khc Hp ng k hn K kt gia bn mua v bn bn. Hp ng tng lai c giao dch t do trn sn giao dch nn c tnh thanh

Ch th

Ni dung

khon cao. Do hai bn t tha c chun ha thng qua thun v quy inh. sn giao dch v s lng, cch thc yt gi, cht lng hng ha, a im giao hng ( vi giao dch hng ha) L mt ngy c th L mt khong thi gian hay trong tng lai. Thanh ton khi n hn. cha xc nh c th. C th c thanh ton trc k hn. Hn ch ri ro nh nghip v k qu.

Ngy thanh ton

Ri ro

Ri ro cao

Cu 17: So snh sc thng mi v sc du lich Tiu ch Ngi k pht Ngi tr tin Hiu lc Hnh thc K hu Ch k iu kin lp sc Sc thng mi Sc du lch C nhn, doanh nghip, t chc Ngn hng Ngn hng trch tin t TK ngi k pht Ngn hng tr cho ngi th hng C hn, tr tin ngay khi xut trnh Mi mi Sc trng, gm 2 phn: cung v thn sc. T giy c ghi sn mnh gi Ngi k pht s ghi s tin ln c Ch k ca ch TK hoc ch k y Phi c TK c s d C ti NH Khng Ch c ch k ca ngi th hng mi c lnh tin Khng cn c TK ti NH, mua sc trc tip ti NH Cu 18: Trnh by cc loi sc trong TTQT
1.

ng trn gc tnh chuyn nhng Sc ch danh: l loi sc ghi r tn ngi th hng, khng chuyn nhng c, ch c ngi Sc v danh: l loi sc khng ghi tn ngi th hng, ch ghi tr cho ngi cm sc, khi

th hng mi c lnh tin ngn hng

2.

chuyn nhng khng cn k hu m ch cn trao tay. Bt c ai cm sc u c th tr thnh ngi th hng

3.

Sc theo lnh: l loi sc c ghi tr theo lnh ngi th hng c tn trn sc, loi ny c th ng gc khc sc c th chia thnh cc loi khc nhau

chuyn nhng c bng cch k hu nh chuyn nhng hi phiu

1.

Sc gch cho: mt trc ca sc c 2 gch cho song song, dng chuyn khon( khng rt

tin mt), c chia lm 2 loi: -gch cho thng -gch cho c bit: gia 2 gch cho c tn ca 1 NH nht nh, ngi th hng nh NH ny thu h tin
2.

Sc chuyn khon: l loi sc ngi k sc ra lnh cho NH trch t ti khon tin ca mnh

chuyn sang mt ti khon khc ca mt ngi khc trong hoc khc NH, khng th chuyn nhng v khng th lnh tin mt
3.

Sc du lch: Do NH pht hnh v c ti bt c mt chi nhnh hay mt i l no ca NH . NH

pht hnh sc cng l NH tr tin. Trn sc phi c ch k ca ngi th hng. Khi lnh tin ti NH, ngi th hng phi k ti ch NH kim tra, nu ng NH mi tr tin. Thi gian hiu lc ca sc du lch l v hn. Trn sc c ghi r cc khu vc NH tr tin, ngoi khu vc , s khng c gi tr lnh tin
4.

Sc c nhn quc t: l sc ca ch ti khon( doanh nghip, c nhn, v hnh chnh,,,tr NH) m Sc NH quc t: l sc m NH ny pht hnh lnh cho NH i l trch tin t TK ca mnh chuyn

ti NH pht hnh. NH ch tr tin khi c s ng ca ngi k pht

5.

vo TK ngi th hng. khi xut trnh sc NH i l s thc hin lnh ngay khng cn s ng ca NH k pht
6. 7.

Sc bo chi: NH s m bo vic chi tr cho t sc, trnh sc khng Sc in t: thnh lp trn c s sc giy nhng s dng d liu v phng tin in t

Cu 19: Hi phiu l g? c im ca hi phiu? Theo lut CCCCN( 2005) ca VN hng 1. c lp 2. Hiu lc ca B/E khng ph thuc vo nguyn nhn sinh ra B/E=> B/E khng ( lut cc nc u Tnh bt buc tr tin Vic tr tin ca ngi b k pht l v iu kin, tr B/E k pht sai lut nghiem cm) c im Tnh tru tng c lp trn c s HTM gia ngi mua v ngi bn, nhng B/E tr thnh ngha v tr tin Hi phiu i n l giy t c gi do ngi k pht lp, yu cu ngi b k pht thanh ton khng iu kin mt s in xc nh khi c yu cu hoc mt thi im nht nh trong tng li cho nhi th

3. -

Ngi k pht l ngi chu trch nhim cui cng trong vic thanh ton cho ngi th Tnh lu thng L chng t c tnh tru tng, c tiwsnh bt buc tr tin nn B/E c tnh lu thng C th dng thanh ton tin mua hng/ tr n. chuyn nhng, cm c, th chp vay vn, chit

hng( nu chuyn nhng m ngi b k pht t chi thanh ton, chp nhn)

khu v ti chit khu Cu 20: Cc loi hi phiu trong TTQT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. Cn c vo thi hn hiu lc Hi phiu t ngay Hi phiu k hn Cn c vo chng t i km Hi phiu trn: dng i tin nhng nh NK tin cy( Phng thc m ti khon, nh thu trn) Hi phiu km chng t: ( D/A, D/P, CAD) Cn c vo tnh chuyn nhng Hi phiu ch danh Hi phiu theo lnh Hi phiu v danh Cn c vo ngi k pht hi phiu Hi phiu thng mi: ngi XK pht i ngi NK Hi phiu ngn hng: NH pht hnh yu cu NH i l trch tin t ti khon ca NH pht hnh Cn c vo trng thi chp nhn Hi phiu cha c k chp nhn Hi phiu c ngi b k pht chp nhn thanh ton: c 2 loi : chp phiu thng mi v Cn c vo tin ghi trn hi phiu Hi phiu ngoi t Hi phiu ni t Cn c vo c s hnh thnh hi phiu Hi phiu khng Hi phiu thc Tiu hi phiu

tr cho ngi th hng

chp phiu NH

Cu 21: Ni dung ca hi phiu

Phi ghi tiu cng vi ngn ng lp hi phiu Lut ULB 1930:, lut VN: bt buc nu khng s v hiu Lut Anh M: khng bt buc min l ni dung c din t t hi phiu hoc Bill of exchange S hiu hi phiu Cc hi phiu s c ghi s d dng khi dn chiu Do ngi k pht t ra, ( nu dng L/C th thng l s hiu qui nh trong L/C) Tuy nhin y l ni dung khng bt buc v khng nh hng n gi tr php l ca hi phiu S tin thanh ton Ghi c bng s v bng ch km theo v tin t Lut CCCCN Trung quc v ISBP: phi ghi c bng s v bng ch nu c sai khc th v hiu Theo ULB 1930: c th ghi bng s hoc bng ch

2. 3. -

+ sai khc gia cc s hoc cc ch=> s tin nh hn + sai khc gia s tin ghi s v s tin ghi ch => bng ch Lut Anh M: nu c >< gia s v ch => bng ch Lut CCCCN( 2005)

+ Phi ghi bng s v bng ch + nu >< gia s v ch=> bng ch +nu s tin bng s hay ch nhiu ln v khng trng nhau th s thanh ton s tin nh hn 4. 5.

a im v thi gian k pht a im: nu khng ghi v khng xc nh c=> a ch ngi k pht=> xc nh lut iu Thi gian: bt buc nu khng => v hiu. y l yu t quan trng xc nh thi hn thanh Thi hn thanh ton: tr ngay hay c thi hn Tn ca ngi th hng C th l ngi k pht Hoc mt ngi khc do ngi k pht ch nh Hoc bt k ngi no c chuyn nhng bng th tc k hu Hoc ngi cm phiu Tn v a ch ngi b k pht L Nh pht hnh L/C nu thanh ton bng L/C L nh NK nu bng cc phng thc khc( nh thu, m s..) Phi ghi a dim thanh ton nu khng th s thanh ton ti a ch ca ngi b k pht

chnh hi phiu ton, gi tr php l, thi hn hiu lc 6. 7. -

8. -

Tn v a ch ngi k pht Phi ghi tn v a ch ca ngi k pht L ngi cui cng phi thanh ton cho ngi th hng trong trng hp B/Eddac c chuyn Ch k ca ngi c thm quyn Ngi k pht Quyn li To lp hi phiu i tin ngi b k pht hoc bt c ngi no do anh ta ch nh To lp hi phiu qui nh vic tr tin theo lnh ca ngi k pht hoc theo lnh ca bt k ngi Nhn tin t ngi b k pht hi phiu Xin chit khu hi phiu ti NH nhn c tin trc khi hi phiu n hn tr tin Xin th chp hi phiu ti NH vay tin Chuyn nhng quyn hng li hi phiu cho mt hay nhiu ngi khc hoc hy b t hi Cc quyn php l i vi cc li ch tng laikhasc ca hi phiu nh quyn khiu ni trc ta Ngha v Trong trng hp hi phiu c chuyn nhng cho mt ngi khc m ngi khc khng Ngi k pht k tn khng phi l tn ca chnh mnh s phi chu trch nhim nh th l k tn Ngi k pht c th ph nhn hoc hn ch trch nhim ca mnh bng li vn ghi trn hi phiu. Ngi b ki pht Quyn li Khng chu trch nhim i vi hi phiu trc khi k chp nhn thanh ton hi phiu Chp nhn hoc t chi tr tin hi phiu Thu li hi phiu hay hy b n sau khi tr tin hi phiu Thc hin ngha v qui nh trn hi phiu ch khi no hi phiu n hn thanh tn hay chp nhn

nhng nhng b t chi chp nhn Cu 22: Quyn v ngha v ca ngi k pht v ngi b k pht hi phiu? phiu n hoc trng ti khi b vi phm

no do ngi k pht ch nh

thu c tin ca hi phiu, th ngi k pht hi phiu c ngha v tr tin cho ngi ca mnh Tuy nhin, iu ny ch c gi tr rng buc ring i vi ngi k pht hi phiu -

thanh ton

Chuyn tra dy chuyn k hu chuyn nhng xem c hp thc hay khng trc khi thc hin Ngha v Tr tin hi phiu i vi hi phiu tr ngay khi xut trnh Chp nhn tr tin i vi hi phiu tr chm khi hi phiu c xut trnh Thc hin ngha v khc do Lut hi phiu qui nh Chp nhn tr tin hi phiu:l hnh vi th hin bng ng ng cua ngi b k pht ng tr tin Ti sao: V hi phiu nu c bn b k pht chp nhn thanh ton th hi phiu mi tin C 2 hnh thc chp nhn hi phiu: chp nhn trn mt trc ca B/E hay chp nhn bng mt Ngi b k pht l ngi k chp nhn( l nh NK hay NH ca ngi NK) Ghi ngy chp nhn l bt buc hay ty Chp nhn phi trong thi hn thanh ton ca B/E

ngha v tr tin hi phiu

Cu 23: Chp nhn tr tin hi phiu? ti sao phi chp nhn? cc hnh thc chp nhn hi phiu?

hi phiu v iu kin

cy=> lu thng d dng hn

vn th ring bit. C th chp nhn ton b hay mt phn nhng phi l chp nhn v iu kin. phiu?

Cu 24: Bo lnh thanh ton hi phiu? Hnh thc bo lnh? Nguyn tc bo lnh thanh ton hi Bo lnh hi phiu l vic ngi th 3 cam kt vi ngi th hng hi phiu s thc hin ngha

v tr tin thay cho ngi b k pht( l ngi c bo lnh) nu khi n hn m ngi dc bo lnh khng thanh ton ng hn hoc khng y s tin hi phiu Hnh thc bo lnh Bo lnh bng mt vn th ring bit Bo lnh trn mt trc/ mt sau hi phiu Nguyn tc bo lnh Bo lnh l v iu kin Bo lnh phi ghi tn ngi c bo lnh, s tin( tin b hay mt phn), TN, CH K, A Nu khng ghi tn ngi c bo lnh th hiu l bo lnh cho ngi k pht Ngi c bo lnh l ngi k pht hoc ngi chp nhn hi phiu Sau khi bo lnh xong, ngi bo lnh c tip nhn quyn ca ngi c bo lnh

CH ca ngi bo lnh

Cu 25. Lu thng hi phiu tr ngay? Lu thng hi phiu tr chm? Lu thng hi phiu tr tin ngay nh ngha: l loi hi phiu m khi nhn thy hi phiu, ngi tr tin phi thanh ton ngy s tin ghi trn hi phiu cho ngi hng li. Quy trnh: iii iv

Ngn hng ngi k pht iii i. ii. iii. iv. iv

Ngn hng ngi tr tin iv

Giao dch c s Ngi k pht Thc hin giao dch c s

i ii

Ngi b k pht

K pht HP tr tin ngay i tin Ngi b k pht Tr tin ngay sau khi xut trnh hi phiu Lu thng hi phiu tr chm

nh ngha: Vic thc hin tr tin c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nht nh Quy trnh: Ngn hng ngi k pht iii iv i Ngi k pht ii Cng on chp nhn thanh ton hi phiu: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Giao dch c s Thc hin ngha v K pht HP tr sau v yu cu Ngi b k pht k chp nhn thanh ton Hon tr HP chp nhn cho ngi k pht Cng on Nh ngn hng thu tin khi HP o hn: tin hnh nh nh thu HP tr tin ngay iii iv Ngn hng ngi tr tin iv Ngi b k pht

Cu 26. Lu thng sc? nh ngha: sc c chuyn t a im pht hnh sc n a im tr tin sc gi l lu thng sc.

 ngha: Lu thng chuyn giao sc Lu thng chuyn nhng sc

c im: khng lm thay i quyn s hu sc ca ngi th hng sc

i
Ngi nhp khu

ii.

Ngi xut khu

v.
Ngn hng nc ngi xut khu i. ii. iii. iv. v. Ngi xut khu giao hng

iii. iv.
Ngn hng nc ngi xut khu

Ngi nhp khu k pht sc (private Check) v trc tip giao sc cho NNK NXK y thc cho ngn hng XK thu h tin Ngn hng nc XK y thc cho ngn hng nc NK thu h tin Ngn hng nc NK xut trnh sc cho ngi NK yu cu tr tin

Cu 27. Ni dung ca sc?

1.

Theo Lut thng nht v sc thuc cng c Geneva 1931 Tiu Sc mt trc t sc Mt mnh lnh VK tr 1 s tin nht nh Tn ca ngi b k pht a im tr tin (Nu ko xc nh c a ch tr tin th a ch u tin ghi bn cnh tn

Ngi b k pht c coi l a im tr tin. Trong trng hp, ko c bt k a ch no ghi bn cnh tn Ngi b k pht, sc c th c thanh ton ti a ch kinh doanh chnh ca Ngi b k pht) a im v ni pht hnh sc (Nu ko xc nh c a im pht hnh sc th a im ghi bn Ch k ca ngi pht sc cnh tn Ngi k pht l a im pht hnh) Nu sc thiu nhng ni dung bt buc trn s tr nn v hiu

2.

Theo Lut Cng c chuyn nhng Vit Nam nm 2005: tng t nh Lut thng nht v sc

thuc cng c Geneva 1931 ch hi khc v ni dung suy on i vi sc c ghi thiu 1 vi ni dung bt buc: Nu sc ko ghi a im thanh ton, th sc phi c xut trnh thanh ton ti a ch ca Nu ko r a ch ca Ngi b k pht th s xut trnh ti a im kinh doanh chnh ca Ngi Cc t chc cung ng sc c th a thm cc yu t khc m ko lm pht sinh thm cc ngha v Ngi b k pht b k pht php l ca cc bn. (v d s hiu ti khon) * Yu cu php l i vi ni dung sc Tiu SC: phn bit sc vi cng c tn dng khc. Nu khng c tiu , sc s b v hiu lc. Ngn ng ca tiu phi cng ngn ng ca ni dung sc => nu ko, v hiu Lnh rt tin VK V sc l lnh nn khi ngn hng nhn c sc phi chp hnh lnh ny v iu kin, tr trng hp ti khon pht hnh sc khng c tin (tc ngi pht hnh sc ko c s d C trong ti khon) hoc t sc khng tnh cht php l S tin ca sc l 1 s tin nht nh: Ghi r rng, n gin, s tin ca sc bng s v bng ch (phi thng nht vi nhau). Nu c s khng thng nht gia hai cch ghi th cn c vo s tin ghi bng ch a im tr tin l ni Ngi th hng xut trnh sc nhn tin hoc l ni m Ngi th hng ch nh ngn hng nh thu xut trnh sc nhn tin. (Nu ko c a im tr tin ghi trn sc => xem cu cu 27) Thi hn tr tin: tr tin ngay khi xut trnh v sc c gi tr thanh ton trc tip nh tin t Ngi b k pht: tn ngn hng hoc t chc tn dng cung ng dch v thanh ton. Ngy v a im pht hnh

Ngy pht hnh sc phi c nu ko s b v hiu - Theo Lut CCCN 2005 ca Vit Nam: 30 ngy k t ngy k pht v khng vt qu 6 thng k t ngy k pht. - (ULC1931):Sc pht hnh v thanh ton trong cng mt quc gia: phi xut trnh trong vng 8 ngy k t ngy pht hnh.

~ cng chu lc: 20 ngy ~ khc chu lc: 70 ngy C th thiu vng a im pht hnh v coi a ch ghi bn cnh tn Ngi k pht sc l a ch pht hnh Ch k ca Ngi k pht: tn i vi t chc, h tn v ch k i vi c nhn. 28. K phiu l g? Ni dung ca k phiu nh ngha: K phiu l mt loi chng khon, trong ngi k pht cam kt s tr mt s tin nht nh vo mt ngy nht nh cho ngi hng li c ch nh trn lnh phiu hoc theo lnh ca ngi hng li tr cho mt ngi khc. Ni dung: nu thiu th k phiu s coi nh v hiu Tiu K phiu ghi mt trc Cam kt tr mt s tin nht nh mt cch v iu kin Thi hn K phiu r rng, c th a im tr tin (nu ko xc nh c th a ch ghi bn hoc a ch kinh doanh ca Ngi to lp s l a im tr tin ca k phiu. Ty theo qui nh ca php lut). Tn, a ch ca Ngi to lp, Ngi th hng a im, ngy to lp (nu ko xc nh c th a ch ghi bn hoc a ch kinh doanh ca Ngi to lp s l a im tr tin ca k phiu. Ty theo qui nh ca php lut). Ch k ca Ngi to lp Cu 29: So snh hi phiu v k phiu Ging Hi phiu - L ti sn ti chnh v hnh K phiu

- Hnh thnh t cc hp ng giao dch c s - Cc quy nh php l i vi HP c th p dng cho KP nh: k hu, thi hn thanh ton, truy i ko thanh ton, thanh ton bi ngi th 3, bo lnh - Tnh tru tng - Tnh bt buc - Tnh lu thng Khc -Bn cht Cng c i tin Cng c ha tr tin

Ngi b k pht c ngha v tr Ngi lp phiu (c th l 1 hoc tin cho ngi th hng tc nhiu ngi) l ngi c ngha v ngi k pht hi phiu tr tin cho ngi th hng ghi trn k phiu (c th ko l ngi to lp) -Nghip v chp nhn (theo CCCNVN2005) C k pht HP tr chm: 1 nm k t ngy k pht -S bn -Thi hn tr tin Thng l 2 bn Sau 1 k hn Ch c 1 bn Ghi r thi hn Ko -Thi hn xut trnh HP tr ngay: 90 ngy k t ngy 90 ngy k t ngy k pht

Trong TMQT, ngi ta chu yu dung hi phiu, vi: Hi phiu do chu n ki phat oi n, con ki phiu lai do con n ki phat nhn n. Do chu n ki phat hi phiu trn c s co 1 tai san Co nn vic thanh toan c am bao hn. T o, hi phiu c lu thng d dang hn, c bit trong cac nghip vu chuyn nhng, cm c, th chp, vay vn, chit khu tai NHTM Cu 30. Cc loi k hu hi phiu p dng trong thanh ton quc t? Trong trng hp no ngi th hng phi k hu hi phiu? Cc loi k hu K hu trng Ni dung Ko ch nh tn ngi th hng k tip. 2 cch ghi: + Ngi k hu ch k tn + Ngi k hu k tn v km cu: K danh K lnh hu hu pay to, pay to the other of any ch Ghi r tn Ngi th hng k tip Cch ghi: "Pay to Mr. X, only" theo Vi loi k hu ny,ngi hng li hi thng phiu cha c th, cng phi suy on trong dng thanh An ton u Nhc D dng lu Ri ro ln (ai thng nht c HP s tr thnh ngi th hng) Ko linh hot Ko th chuyn nhng

ca ngi hng li ch nh trong ton quc t vic k hu trn. Nu ngi ny ra lnh Linh hot, d tr cho ngi khc th ngi tr thnh dng chuyn

ngi hng li hi phiu, cn nu ngi nhng ny im lng th h chnh l ngi hng li hi phiu. Vi cch k hu ny , HP s c chuyn nhng k tip nhau n khi no ngi hng li cui cng khng k hu chuyn nhng n nhng phi trc khi hi phiu n hn tr tin Cch ghi: "Pay to order of Mr. X" v k tn K hu min try l vic k hu m ngi k hu ghi thm c s dng Bt i cu "min truy i" cng vi mt trong ba nhiu loi k hu nu trn. i v k tn. Trong trng hp ngi tr tin t chi tr tin hp php, ngi hng li tip theo khng c quyn truy i ngi k hu trc tip cho mnh m ch c quyn truy i nhng ngi khng k hu min truy i trc v ngi k pht. K hu l mt th tc php l dng chuyn nhng hi phiu. Ngi hng li mun chuyn nhng hi phiu cho ngi khc th phi k vo mt sau ca t hi phiu ri chuyn hi phiu cho ngi . Ngi k hu khng cn phi nu l do ca s chuyn nhng v cng khng cn phi thng bo cho ngi tr tin bit v s chuyn nhng . Ngi k hu khng nhng m bo rng ngi tr tin hi phiu c mc n s tin ghi trn hi phiu m cn m bo rng mnh s tr tin hi phiu cho nhng ngi c chuyn nhng, nu nh ngi tr tin t chi thanh ton hi phiu . Cu 31. K hu Sc? Yu cu v ni dung v hnh thc k hu sc? nh ngha: Ngi hng li mun chuyn nhng sc cho ngi khc th phi k vo mt sau c im: C gi tr thanh ton nh tin t Yu cu v ni dung k hu: ca t sc ri chuyn hi phiu cho ngi thanh Cch ghi: tr theo lnh ng X, min truy quc t trong NXK ton li cho

- Ngi k hu l Ngi th hng ghi trn sc

- K hu c hiu lc khi Ngi th hng k tip nhn sc - Ngi k hu chuyn nhng sc cho Ngi th hng k tip tr n nhng nu Ngi th hng cha nhn c tin t Ngn hng th ngha v ny vn cha kt thc - Ngi th hng hin hnh c th k hu chuyn nhng cho bt c ai k trn t sc - Th hin bng ngn ng ch chuyn nhng (sc ch danh, sc v danh, sc theo lnh) - K hu phi v iu kin. Nu km theo iu kin th k hu vn c hiu lc ngoi tr cc iu kin nu - K hu phi chuyn nhng ton b quyn li ca sc. Khng th thc vic chia s quyn li pht sinh ca sc cho nhiu ngi th hng - K hu min truy i. (ghi thm vo ch chuyn nhng l ko c i li tin Ngi k hu). Nu sc ko c thanh ton, Ngi th hng ang cm sc vn c quyn i li tin Ngi k pht sc. - Ngi th hng sc quc t y quyn cho ngn hng thu h tin theo phng thc thanh ton nh thu (ko lm thay i quyn s hu sc) Yu cu v hnh thc k hu: - K hu vo mt sau ca sc (mt trc dnh cho k hu bo lnh thanh ton sc) - C th k hu vo 1 tip phiu. Tip phiu phiu phi c gn vi sc v l 1 b phn cu thnh ni dung ca sc. - Ngi k hu chuyn nhng sc phi k bng tay. Ch k ca ngi k pht sc phi l ch k ca ngi ch ti khon sc hoc ch k y quyn Cu 32. a) BO LNH THANH TON SC (trang 148): l vic ngi th 3 cam kt vi ngi th hng sc s thanh ton v iu kin ton b hay tng phn s tin ca sc nu khi xut trnh m sc khng c tr tin.

b) 5 Yu cu v NI DUNG bo lnh: Ngi bo lnh l ngi th 3, khng th l ngi k pht hay ngn hng tr tin. Phi ghi r l bo lnh cho ai: ngi k pht sc hay ngi k hu sc. Khng th hy b trong thi hn hiu lc ca sc tr sc v hiu. L bo lnh c lp, tc l ngi bo lnh thc thi ngha v thanh ton ca mnh nh cam kt, ngoi ra khng b chi phi bi cc yu t, ni dung khc.

Nu khng ghi r l bo lnh cho ai th hiu l bo lnh cho ngi k pht sc.

Bo lnh sc ch gii hn v ngha v thanh ton sc, khng bo lnh vic thc thi cc quyn khc ca sc. (sc cha ng cc quyn hp php i vi li ch tng lai ca sc mang li cho ngi th hng sc).

c) 3 Yu cu v HNH THC bo lnh: Bo lnh thanh ton sc c ghi ngay vo MT TRC ca sc, bng t nhn bo lnh, bo lnh cho ai v k tn. Khng ghi bo lnh MT SAU trnh nhm ln vi k hu sc. Nu khng th ghi bo lnh vo mt trc ca sc, c th bo lnh bng mt TIP PHIU. tuy nhin, tip phiu phi th hin l mt b phn cu thnh ni dung ca sc. Bo lnh bng mt vn th c bit th bo lnh (Letter of guarantee) c p dng kh ph bin trong thanh ton quc t. im khc nhau gia bo lnh bng th ring bit v bo lnh trn mt trc ca sc: Bo lnh bng mt th ring bit: ngi bo lnh ch b rng buc trch nhim i vi ngi Th hng ca th bo lnh. Bo lnh trn mt trc ca sc: Ngi bo lnh phi b rng buc trch nhim vi tt c nhng ai c lin quan c ch nh trn sc: Ngi th hng u tin, ngi k hu, ngi k pht, ngi b k pht. Cu 33. (trang 149) a) Thi hn xut trnh sc: Khi sc c chuyn giao n a im thanh ton quy nh trn sc th sc phi c xut trnh i tin. Theo Lut cng c chuyn nhng Vit Nam 2005: 30 ngy nhng khng th chm qu 6 thng k t ngy k pht sc. Lut thng nht v sc theo cng c Geneva 1930: (8-20-70) Sc lu thng trong nc: 8 ngy Sc lu thng ra nc khc nhng cng chu lc: 20 ngy Sc lu thng khc chu lc:70 ngy.

Sau thi hn thanh ton: sc c thanh ton khi: Phi c l do chnh ng, xc thc.

Khng c l do chnh ng, xc thc: p dng nguyn tc; xp nhu cu thanh ton loi sc ny vo trt t thanh ton u tin v khng c Thng bo nh ch thanh ton bi Ngi k pht (Thng bo nh ch thanh ton ch c hiu lc nu n c k pht sau thi hn xut trnh do lut nh).

b) a im xut trnh: c ghi trn sc. Nu khng c ghi: ly a ch ghi bn cnh tn Ngi k pht sc.

Lut cng c chuyn nhng Vit Nam 2005: Ly a ch kinh doanh ca ngi k pht. c) Thc hin tr tin Ngi th hng sc c th yu cu: Tr tin ton phn hay tng phn s tin ghi trn sc. S tin tr tng phn phi c th hin trn b mt ca sc hoc trong mt vn th ring bit. Tr tin sc trc hn xut trnh. Khi tr tin cn kim tra tnh hp thc ca dy chuyn k hu. Vic k hu chuyn nhng sc ch c th c thc hin trong thi hn xut trnh sc. Nu qu khong thi hn xut trnh l khng hp thc v nhng ngi th hng sc khng th Ngn hng nm gi ti khon ca ngi k pht tr tin. i vi sc c nhiu k hu:

Cu 34. trang 95) HI PHIU: cch thc quy nh: 1. thi gian thanh ton (thi hn tr tin tr tin hi phiu) : Mt mc thi gian m ngi b k pht phi thc hin ngha v tr tin ca mnh. K hn tr tin hi phiu l v iu kin, nu c iu kin th hi phiu s v hiu. c 2 loi: thi hn tr tin ngay v thi hn tr tin v sau. Trn hi phiu phi ghi r l hi phiu tr ngay hay hi phiu tr sau. Nu khng ghi r: C lut quy nh hi phiu nh th s v hiu. Cng c nhiu nc (Vit nam) coi l hi phiu tr tin ngay.

Cch ghi thi hn hi phiu tr tin ngay: Ngay sau khi nhn thy bn th ca hi phiu ny. Ngay sau ngythngnmca bn thca hi phiu ny Cch ghi thi hn hi phiu tr tin v sau: X ngy sau khi nhn thy bn th ca hi phiu ny X ngy k t ngy k pht bn th ca hi phiu ny n ngythngnm ca bn thca hi phiu ny Nhng cch ghi m h, ti ngha khin khng th xc nh c thi hn ca hi phiu th lut hu ht cc nc u quy nh hi phiu v hiu. 2. S tin hi phiu l mt s tin nht nh c ghi mt cch n gin v r rng, c th nhn dng ngay s tin l bao nhiu m khng cn phi tnh ton d l php tnh n gin. S tin va c ghi bng s va c ghi bng ch v phi thng nht vi nhau. Nu c s khc nhau gia s tin ghi bng ch v s tin ghi bng s: Trung Quc: hi phiu v hiu. Hu ht cc nc chu u, M, Vit Nam: chn s tin ghi bng ch l s tin thanh ton. Cc nc l thnh vin ca cng c Geneva 1930: cho php hi phiu c ghi nhiu hn mt ln s tin bng ch hoc bng s, khng nht thit va bng s v bng ch. Nu c s khc nhau gia cc s tin ghi bng s hoc cc s tin ghi bng ch: chn s tin nh hn l s tin thanh ton.

Cu 35. SO SNH HI PHIU DNG CHO PHNG THC NH THU V HI PHIU DNG CHO PHNG THC TN DNG CHNG T Hi phiu dng trong phng thc nh thu: - Ngi b i tin l khch hng (l cng ty giao dch vi ngn hng) - Cn c vo ha n v hp ng. - Dng trong thanh ton bng D/A

2. Hi phiu dng trong phng thc tn dng chng t: - Ngi b i tin l ngn hng pht hnh (ngn hng m L/C) - Cn c vo L/C. - Ghi s, ngy lp L/C - c dng vi L/C tr chm V d: Mu hi phiu cho phng thc NH THU HI PHIU S: H Ni, ngythngnm S tin: Ngay sau khi nhn thy bn th nht ca hi phiu ny(bn th hai c cng ni dung v ngy thng khng tr tin) tr theo lnh Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam mt s tin l.chn. Gi: Cng ty TNHH Kaichi, Tokyo, Nht Bn Tng cng ty XNK H Ni, Vit Nam (k)

Mu hi phiu cho phng th TN DNG CHNG T: HI PHIU S: H Ni, ngythngnm S tin: Ngay sau khi nhn thy bn th nht ca hi phiu ny(bn th hai c cng ni dung v ngy thng khng tr tin) tr theo lnh Ngn hng Ngoi thng Vit Nam mt s tin l.chn. Thuc ti khon ca Tng cng ty XNK H Ni. K pht cho ngn hng hu hn Sumitomo theo L/C s .m ngy . Gi: Ngn hng hu hn Sumitomo, Tokyo, Nht Bn Tng cng ty XNK H Ni, Vit Nam (k)

(Phn t mu vng l s khc nhau gia hi phiu cho phng thc nh thu v hi phiu cho phng thc tn dng chng t) Cu 36. (trang 209) TH NGN HNG L mt cng c tn dng Do t chc ti chnh pht hnh v cp cho khch hng (ch th) Khch hng c th dng th nhiu ln rt tin mt hoc ra lnh rt mt s hay tt c s tin hin c trn ti khon m mt t chc pht hnh th thanh ton tin hng ha, dch v. SO SNH TH NGN HNG V SC GING NHAU: u l ti sn ti chnh v hnh Gi tr ca n khng ph thuc vo hnh thi vt cht, m ph thuc vo cc quyn php l i vi li ch tng lai cha ng trong sc/th s mang li cho ch s hu chng quyt nh c x hi tha nhn v php lut bo v Phi c nhn dng mt cch d dng, nhanh chng v chnh xc. u thc hin chc nng phng tin thanh ton, lu thng ca tin t.

KHC NHAU: TH NGN HNG SC L mt lnh v iu kin ca ch ti khon ra lnh cho ngn hng rt mt s tin nht nh t ti khon ca mnh : Tr cho ngi c tn trn sc Tr theo lnh ca ngi ny tr cho ngi khc Tr cho ngi cm sc Lm bng nha theo mu ring ca tng t Lm bng giy theo mu thng nht ca t chc pht hnh, c gn kt t tnh hay chp in t chc pht hnh v cung ng sc trng cho khch hng

- Do t chc pht hnh th chuyn giao cho ch th - Ch th dng n thanh ton cho n khi ht s tin trong ti khon

Do mt ngi k pht lp ra - Trao cho mt ngi th hng - Chuyn nhng sc cho mt ngi khc - Xut trnh sc n ngn hng nhn tin khi n thi hn xut trnh do lut nh. n y chc nng phng tin lu thng ca sc kt thc. C thi hn xut trnh, thi hn hiu lc Ngi k pht sc ch c dng sc mt ln trong thi hn sc. Sc theo lnh: Ngi th hng c th: Nhn tin bng cch nhn tin hoc K hu chuyn nhng sc cho ngi khc thanh ton. c k hu chuyn nhng lin tc cho ngi khc trong thi hn hiu

Khng c thi hn xut trnh cho n khi ht s tin trong ti khon n v chp nhn th: Ch c th nhn tin t th tin cho ngi khc Khng th chuyn nhng bng th tc k hu L th ch danh

Ch th c quyn s dng th nhiu ln (tr sc du lch)

Khng th chuyn nhng quyn nhn -

lc - Cc thng tin c nhn c ghi trn th: Ni dung sc: s tin hin c, m PIN ch th m bo bo mt - Vic nhn dng c my ti cc im chp nhn th thc hin - Ch th c th tip cn trc tip vi ti khon ca mnh c th hin bng ngn ng sc K bng tay ging nh mu ch k ng k ti ngn hng khi m ti khon, khng c thay i. Khi tr tin, ngn hng kim tra bng mt thng, ch k ng, khng ty xa mi c chp nhn thanh ton. - Ch k in t c th thay i lin tc bi -

Thng qua h thng lin ngn hng, c - Phi chuyn giao t ni pht hnh sc th thanh ton bt c ni no m lch n im tr tin - S dng sc yu cu dng nhiu giy t lin quan khng cn mang theo tin mt/ sc du - Thi gian di mi nhn c tin

Khng ph thuc vo quy m s tin

cn thanh ton

Cu 37. (trang 213) PHN LOI TH NGN HNG 1. theo cng ngh sn xut th khc ch ni: Trn b mt th c khc ni nhng thng tin cn thit (hin khng cn c s dng). th t tnh: k thut gn kt bng t tnh pha sau th. Nhc im l d b l thng tin c nhn ca ch th do ngi ta c th c c bng cng ngh computer. Th thng minh: c gn chp in t (k thut hin i nht ca cng ngh thng tin computer) nh c tnh an ton, bo mt rt cao. Rt kh lm gi nhng gi thnh cao. 2. Theo tnh cht thanh ton th Th tn dng: cho php ch th s dng vi hn mc tn dng nht nh Th ghi n: do ngn hng pht hnh cho ngi c ti khon tin gi ti ngn hng, cho php ch th dng th thanh ton cho ch hng ton b hay mt phn s d ca ti khon. vic thanh ton c tin hng trn c s chuyn khon (t ti khon ca ch th sang ti khon ca ngi bn hng). Th rt tin mt: c chc nng CHUYN BIT rt tin mt ti cc my ATM hoc cc ngn hng. Ch th phi chuyn tin vo ti khon m ngn hng hoc c cp tn dng thy chi mi c s dng th. Th thanh ton: khch hng b tin ra mua th thanh ton. Mi mt loi th c mt mnh gi chun (100, 200, 500 USD). Mi ln s dng th th s tin trn th c tr dn, thng mua nhng hng ha c gi tr nh.

Cu 38. (trang 214): cc ch th tham gia trn th trng th 6 ch th tham gia trn th trng th:

1. Ch th (gm: ch th chnh v ch th ph) C th l c nhn hay ngi c cng ty y quyn nu l th cng ty c Ngn hng pht hnh cp th s dng. Ch c ch th mi c quyn s dng th ng tn mnh : Thanh ton tin hng ha, dch v Rt tin mt

Ch th chnh: Ngi ng tn xin cp th v c ngn hng chp nhn cp th s dng. Ch th ph: ngi c cp th theo ngh ca ch th chnh. 2. ngn hng pht hnh th - NHPHT c Ngn hng nh nc cho php thc hin nghip v pht hnh th. Yu cu: i vi th ni a: Phi c nng lc ti chnh Khng vi phm php lut m bo h thng trang thit b ph hp tiu chun an ton cho hot ng pht hnh v thanh ton th C i ng nhn vin nng lc chuyn mn vn hnh v qun l. c ngn hng nh nc cp php hot ng ngoi hi v cho php thc hin dch v thanh ton quc t L thnh vin ca t chc th quc t. i vi th quc t:

3. Ngn hng thanh ton th - NHTTT Ch lm chc nng trung gian thanh ton gia ch th v NHPHT NHTTT nhn thanh ton th qua cc mng li cc n v chp nhn th m n k hp ng thanh ton th. Khi tham gia thanh ton th, NHTTT thu c cc khon ph chit khu i l, ng thi cung cp cc dch v i l khc cho cc n v chp nhn th nh: dch v thu chi, x l tng kt, gii quyt khiu ni, thc mc cho cc n v chp nhn th. 4. n v chp nhn th - VCNT

L n v bn hng ha, dch v C k kt hp ng thanh ton th vi NHTTT hay NHPHT C th l nh hng, khch sn, sn bay, ca hng, siu th, cc n v nhn ng tin mt, ngn hng i l.

5. T chc th quc t - TCTQT Cp php thnh vin cho cc NHPHT v NHTTT 6. cc ch th khc: a) Ngn hng nh nc NHNN L c quan qun l nh nc v lnh vc ti chnh ngn hng ni chung. Nhim v: a ra cc vn bn php quy c lin quan Tip nhn h s, xem xt, cho php cc NHTM pht hnh th Kim tra, gim st hot ng ca cc ngn hng m bo khng tri php lut To s cnh tranh lnh mnh trn th trng th Do cc NHPHT v NHTTT thnh lp Trao i nhng vng mc trong hot ng pht hnh v thanh ton th Cng phi hp, tm ra gii php.

b) Hip hi cc ngn hng thanh ton th:

Cu 39: diu kin thnh lp sc? khi thnh lp sc NH phi kim tra nhng g? 1.iu kin thnh lp sc: Ngi pht hnh sc phi c tin trong ti khon m ti ngn hng, s tin pht hnh sc khng Sc c gi tr thanh ton trc tip bng tin t nn sc phi c lm bng vn bn c y ghi c vt qu s d trn ti khon, nu khng c tin ngi pht hnh sc c th vay ngn hng. ch theo lut nh. Thng thng sc c in theo mu, ngi pht hnh sc ch cn in vo nhng dng trng theo yu cu ca mnh bng bt mc khng phai hoc bng my nh ch. 2.Khi thanh ton sc, ngn hng c trch nhim kim tra: Ngi yu cu c thanh ton l ngi th hng hp php ca t sc Sc c lp trn mu trng do NH cung ng, in y cc yu t theo quy nh

Thi hn xut trnh ca t sc Ch k v du( nu c) ca ngi k pht sc hoc ngi c y quyn k pht sc khp ng vi mu ng k ti ngi b k pht Khng k pht sc vt qu thm quyn quy nh ti vn bn i din k pht sc Tnh lin tc ca dy ch k chuyn nhng ( nu sc qua chuyn nhng) trn t sc i chiu m bo khp ng s sc, s tin trn t sc, tin bng ch phi khp ng vs tin bng s Cc yu t khc theo quy nh c lin quan.

Cu 40: So snh sc v hi phiu Ging: u c tiu , s tin, a im tr tin, ngy k pht. c im: u c tnh tru tng, tnh bt buc v tnh lu thng. Khc Tiu ch Bn cht Thi hn Thanh ton Lut quc t Hi phiu L lnh i tin v iu kin Tr tin ngay, tr tin sau Cng c Geneve 1930 (ULB1930) Vn kin y ban lut thng Lut quc gia mang tnh quc t Lut VN mi quc t LHQ 1982 Lut hi phiu Anh 1982 Sc L lnh rt tin v iu kin Thanh ton ngay khi xut trnh Cng c Geneve 1931 (ULC 1931) Lut v sc quc t ca y ban Lut thng mi ca ICC 1982

Lut thng mi Hoa K 1962 Php lnh thng phiu 8/1992 Lut CCCCN 2005 Lut CCCN 2005 Quy ch cung ng v s dng sc Da trn c s tn dng NH Sc c pht hnh m trn ti khon khng c s d hoc vt qu hn ngch thu chi c gi l sc khng Loi sc gch cho, sc chuyn khon, sc in t ch c thng qua chuyn khon khng ( c thanh ton bng tin mt) Sc du lch khng c thi hn

S hnh thnh v lu thng

Hnh thnh t cc giao dch c s l giao dch HTM Nhng hi phiu khng c hnh thnh t giao dch c s gi l hi phiu khng Tt c cc hi phiu u c th thanh ton bng tin mt hoc thng qua chuyn khon NH

Cch thanh ton

Thi hn hiu lc

Tt c cc hi phiu u c

thi hn hiu lc Cu 41 Cc iu kin v tin t: 1.Phn loi tin t: 1.1 Cn c vo phm vi s dng:

hiu lc, hiu lc mi mi.

Tin t quc gia: do NHTW pht hnh, l ng tin php nh, ni t, c 2 hnh thi l cash v credit money. Tin t quc t: l tin t chung ca 1 khi KT, tin hip nh ( SEV, EU, Jamaica) Tin t th gii: l tin t c tt c cc quc gia trn th gii tha nhn v s dng lm cng c thanh ton quc t.

1.2 Cn c vo s chuyn i ca tin t: Tin t t do chuyn i 1 phn Hon ton

Tin t chuyn khon: ch c chuyn t TK ny sang TK khc m k c chuyn sang hnh thi tin t. Tin t clearing: ghi trn TK b tr, k c chuyn qua li gia cc TK, cng k c i sang cc hnh thi khc ca tin t.

1.3 Cn c vo hnh thc tn ti ca tin t: Tin mt: tin giy, tin kim loi. Tin tn dng: tin TK, tin ghi s Tin t tnh ton Tin t thanh ton Tng quan lc lng 2 bn V tr ng tin trn TTTG Tp qun s dng ng tin TT ng tin TT thng nht trong khu vc ng tin mnh ng tin yu

1.4 Cn c vo mc ch s dng tin t:

Cc yu t nh hng n vic la chn ng tin thanh ton:

1.5 Cn c vo mc d tr v thanh ton quc t:

2.iu kin m bo hi oi: 2.1 iu kin m bo bng vng: C 2 hnh thc Gi c hng ha v tng tr gi ca H c quy nh trc tip bng 1 s lng vng nht nh. Gi c v tng tr gi ca H c quy nh bng 1 ng tin v xc nh gi tr bng vng ca ng tin => quy nh gin tip. Gi tr vng ca tin c biu hin qua hm lng vng v gi vng trn th trng. 2.2 iu kin m bo ngoi hi L vic la chn 1 ng tin tng i n nh, xc nh t gi vi ng tin thanh ton m bo gi tr ca tin t thanh ton. C 2 cch quy nh: H quy nh ng tin thanh ton v tnh ton l 1 loi tin, xc nh t gi vs ng tin khc ( l ng tin tng i n nh) H quy nh ng tin tnh ton ( l ng tin tng i) n nh v thanh ton bng ng tin khc. 2.3 iu kin m bo hn hp: Kt hp 2 k m bo bng vng v m bo bng ngoi hi m bo gi tr tin t. Gi c c tnh theo ng tin t bin ng v xc nh hm lng vng ca ng tin ny n lc tr tin m hm lng thay i=> gi c ca hng ha cng s c xc nh li. Xc nh t gi gia ng tin thanh ton v ng tin tnh ton ( trung bnh cng ca 2 t gi cao v thp ti nc c ng tin tnh ton vo ngy hm trc hm thanh ton) 2.4 iu kin m bo theo r tin t: Hin nay, khng tn ti hm lng vng ca cc ng tin. khng c ng tin no l t bin ng=> t gi bin ng lin tc

Do vy, phi da vo nhiu ngoi t ca nhiu nc. C 2 cch tnh s bin ng ca r tin t iu chnh gi tr hp ng: Cn c vo trung bnh cng s bin ng ca tng t gi trong r Cn c vo s bin ng ca c r tin t vi ng tin hp ng Gi tr H s iu chnh cn c vo mc chnh lch gia t gi ca SDR/EUR vi ng tin hp ng. p dng ging iu kin m bo ngoi hi (coi SDR/EUR l nhng ng tin tng i n nh)

2.5 iu kin m bo cn c vo tin t quc t: SDR, EUR

Cu 42 iu kin v thi gian: Nu ly thi im giao hng lm mc, thi gian thanh ton c th: - Tr tin trc - Tr tin ngay - Tr tin sau - Kt hp c 3 cch trn 1. Tr tin trc Ngi NK phi tr cho ngi XK ton b hoc mt phn tin hng sau khi k H/H c ph duyt nhng trc khi ngi bn giao hng. Mc ch: (1) cp tn dng ngn hn cho ngi XK (2) m bo thc hin hp ng 1.1 Cp tn dng xut khu ng trc cho ngi XK Quy nh: x ngy k t ngy k H hoc H c hiu lc Thi hn c cp tn dng, s tin ng trc ph thuc vo nhu cu vay ca ngi XK v kh nng ca ngi nhp khu Gi hng ha s r hn so vi tin tr ngay (li cho vay c khu tr vo gi hng) Cng thc gim gi trn 1 n v hng ha DP = PA[(1+R)N 1] / Q

ong : DP: s tin gim trn 1 n v hng ha

: s tin ng trc

li sut

thi hn cp tn dng ng trc

s lng hh ca H Thi gian tr trc ngn ( 10 15 ngy) Quy nh: x ngy trc ngy giao hng Trng hp p dng: bun bn ln u, nB nghi ng kh nng thanh ton ca nM Thng khng tnh li

. t cc m bo thc hin H

TH1: nB s nM mt kh nng thanh ton => khon t cc bng s tin nB vay NH u t vo SXKD + pht vi phm H

PA = TA [(1+R)N 1] + D PA: s tin ng trc TA: tr gi H ( = tin vay NH) R: li sut vay NH N: thi hn vay NH D: tin pht vi phm H 2. Tr tin ngay 2.1. Ngay sau khi NB giao hng xong KHNG TRN PHNG TIN VN TI ti ni giao hng ch nh k c s giao hng: EXW, FAS, DAF, FCA Cash on delivery/Cash against documents Cc chng t Ha n xut kho (EXW) B/L nhn xp Ha n TM c xc nhn ca ngi NK AWB, RWB, post receipt

2.2. Ngay sau khi nB giao hng xong TRN PHNG TIN VN TI ti ni giao hng ch nh. PTVT: toa xe la, t, x lan, tu bin. Thc tin TMQT: p dng cho PTVT l tu bin. Cc chng t vn ti Shipped on board B/L Received for shipment B/L c ghi ch on board, shipped on board hay laden on board nM s tr tin cho nB ngay sau khi cc chng t c xut trnh cho nM. Shipping documents, commercial documents: Commercial invoice B/L, AWB, RWB, Ocean Bill Insurance policy/ certificate Certificate of Quality/ Quantity/ Origin Test/ Inspection certificate Packing list .

2.3. Tr tin ngay sau khi chng t c xut trnh (at sight L/C, DP,)

Cn quy nh s lng, s loi chng t, cch chuyn, ni xut trnh v iu kin giao chng t.

Cch chuyn: Km hng ha, thng qua ngi chuyn ch HH thng qua ngi chuyn ch, chng t qua bu in HH thng qua ngi chuyn ch, chng t chuyn cho nB nc nB HH: chng t qua ngn hng, ph bin v an ton nht

iu kin nhn chng t: V iu kin: B/L ch danh C iu kin: D/P, D/OTC Thi im xut trnh: B chng t: Commercial invoice B/L, transport documents Insurance policy C/O, C/Q, packing list, inspection certificate

2.4. Tr tin sau khi nhn c chng t v kim tra chng t (D/P x days) Ging cch tr tin 2.3, nhng thay v D/P => D/P x days. TH p dng: HH phc tp v quy cch phm cht, s lng, chng loi NH c th trao chng t gi hng cho nM (tr B/L) nM kim tra chng t S dng B/L theo lnh. a im nhn hng Nc ngi XK Nc ngi NK (da vo bin bn gim nh HH ti cng n). Trn phng tin vn ti (ca ngi NK)

2.5. Tr tin sau khi nhn hng xong (Cash on receipt)

Ch c li cho ngi NK

3. Thi gian tr tin sau 3.1. Tr tin x ngy sau ngy giao hng Ngy giao hng: Q.nh trong H (nu TT k da vo c.t) Vo c.t vn ti (nu TT da vo c.t).

B/L: on board/ shipped on board: ngy pht hnh B/L B/L: received for shipment: ngy ghi ch on board B/L khc: ngy pht hnh cc chng t vn ti

3.2. Tr tin x ngy sau ngy xut trnh (D/A) 3.3. Tr tin x ngy sau ngy nhn hng 3.4. Tr tin x ngy sau ngy kt thc thi hn bo hnh 4. Thi gian tr tin hn hp TH p dng: my mc thit b phc tp, gi tr ln. Tr trc 5%: 30 ngy k t ngy k H 5%: trc ngy giao hng u tin 5%: sau ngy giao hng cui cng 80%: sau khi lp my xong 5%: ht thi hn bo hnh

Cu 43 Nu cc phng thc chuyn tin: 1.Khi nim: l phng thc m trong khch hng (ngi yu cu chuyn tin- Applicant) yu cu Ngn hng ca mnh chuyn mt s tin nht nh cho mt ngi khc (ngi hng li Beneficiary) mt a im nht nh bng phng tin chuyn tin do khch hng quy nh. 2.Cc bn tham gia: Ngi yu cu chuyn tin (Applicant) Ngi hng li (Beneficiary) Ngn hng chuyn tin (Remitting bank) Ngn hng trung gian (Intermidiary bank) = NH tr tin (Paying bank)

3. Cc chng t phi xut trnh: ( k chc lm nha, c g xem li dm t) - Hp ng nhp khu hng ho, dch v - Giy php nhp khu (i vi hng ho nhp khu phi c giy php) - T khai hi quan, ho n thng mi - Phiu ng gi - B/L - Chng t bo him - Hi phiu - Cc chng t khc c lin quan: giy chng nhn xut x, giy chng nhn phun trng, kim dch

4.Trng hp p dng: Nn p dng trong TTQT phi thng mi p dng TTQT thng mi th nn p dng mt s bin php nga ri ro cho nM Vn bn php l iu chnh C th dng c lp hoc l mt b phn ca cc phng thc thanh ton khc

Cu 44 Nu phng thc thanh ton m ti khon 1.c im Khng c s tham gia ca Ngn hng vi chc nng l ngi m TK v thu tin cho ngi ghi s Ch m TK n bin Ch c 2 thnh phn tham gia: ngi ghi s v ngi c ghi s Gi hng thng cao hn so vi gi hng tr tin ngay. C 60% bun bn gia Anh v EU: thanh ton bng ghi s Ngi ghi s Ngi c ghi s Ngn hng chuyn tin Ngn hng trung gian ( ngn hng i l) Tin cy ln nhau p dng trong mua bn hng i hng, gi bn, i l kinh tiu, nhiu ln, thng xuyn C li cho ngi c ghi s Gi hng c th s cao hn Dng trong thanh ton phi thng mi

2.Cc bn lin quan

3.Trng hp p dng

Cu 45.Phng thc thanh ton nh thu: 1.Khi nim: L phng thc thanh ton, theo , nB (nXK) sau khi giao hng hay cung ng dv, y thc cho NH phc v mnh xut trnh b chng t thng qua NH i l cho nM (nNK) c thanh ton, chp nhn hi phiu hay chp nhn cc iu kin v iu khon khc. 2.Cc bn lin quan: Ngi y thc thu/ngi hng li (Principal) NH chuyn (Remitting bank)

NH thu (Collecting bank) Ngn hng xut trnh (Presenting bank): Ngi tr tin (hay ngi th tri) Ngi xut khu Chc chn rng b chng t ch c trao cho nh NK sau khi ngi ny thanh ton hay chp nhn thanh ton Nh XK c quyn a nh NK ra ta nu ngi ny khng tr tin hi phiu C th ch nh ngi i din nc nh XK thay mt mnh gii quyt trng hp nh NK khng thanh ton hoc khng chp nhn thanh ton NH thu h khng th hoc chm tr thanh ton do cc bin php kim sot ngoi hi cm chuyn ngoi t ra ngoi lnh th quc gia Ngn hng gi nh thu chm tr, mt kh nng thanh ton Nh NK khc t thanh ton khi hng ha c gi i t trc Ri ro t gi Nh NK t chi thanh ton chi ph pht sinh lin quan n nh thu hay chi ph li sut m nh NK phi chu Ngi nhp khu Nh nhp khu thng c c hi kim tra b chng t ti ngn hng xut trnh trc khi thanh ton hay chp nhn thanh ton

3.u nhc im: u

Nhc

Hng ha c th k c kim nh, cha c bo him y , hay k ph hp vs hp ng B chng t gi, c sai st hay c tnh gian ln thng mi Sau khi chp nhn thanh ton hi phiu k hn ( hay pht b nh XK kin ra ta nu k thanh ton khi n hn Ri ro t gi

hay chp nhn thanh ton trong hnh k phiu) nh NK c th

Cu 46. Nu khi nim, ngun lut iu chnh v c im ca phng thc thanh ton nh thu a. Khi nim: l phng thc thanh ton theo , nxk sau khi giao hng hay cung ng dch v, y thc cho ngn hng phc v mnh xut trnh chng t thng qua ngn hng i l cho nh nhp khu c thanh ton, chp nhn hi phiu hay chp nhn cc iu kin v iu khon khc. b. Ngun lut iu chnh: Quy tc thng nht v nh thu c pht hnh ln u bi ICC nm 1956 Sa i vo cc nm 1967, 1978 v mi nht vo thng 6/1995 vi tiu ICC Uniform Rules L tp qun quc t, do vy ko c tnh cht bt buc cc bn phi p dng, ch mang tnh cht

for Collections, Publication No522 ( vit tt URC 522 1995 ICC) khuyn khch, khuyn nh nn phi yu cu trong n yu cu nh thu v trong Lnh nh thu. c. c im Cn c ca nh thu l chng t (documents), ko phi hp ng. Chng t ti chnh: Hi phiu, sc, k phiu hoc cc chng t khc m mc ch l thu tin Chng t thng mi: ha n, chng t vn ti, cc chng t ni v s s hu vi hng ha hoc Vai tr ca ngn hng ch l ngi trung gian Nh thu trong thng mi ch xy ra sau khi ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng.

Lu : Chng t nh thu gm c:

bt k chng t no ko phi chng t ti chnh u l chng t thng mi.

Cu 47. Hy trnh by tnh cht ty ca URC URC 522 1995 ICC mang tnh cht php l ty th hin nhng im sau: Tt c cc phin bn URC cn nguyn gi tr, cc phin bn sau ko ph nhn cc phin bn trc. Ngi mua v ngi bn t do tha thun p dng hay ko p dng URC u chnh nh thu. C th tha thun loi tr (ko p dng) 1 hay 1 s iu khon ca URC, b sung hoc a thm 1 Thang bc php l ca URC l di lut quc gia.

Nu p dng phi ghi r p dng URC no s iu khon khc m URC khng iu chnh.

Cu 48. Nhng ni dung c bn ca Lnh nh thu v trch nhim ca ngn hng chuyn nh thu a. Ni dung c bn ca Lnh nh thu Cc chi tit v ngn hng nhn lnh nh thu, ngi nh thu, ngi tr tin ngn hng xut trnh S tin v loi tin t nh thu iu kin tr tin l D/A, D/P hay D/TC. 1 lnh nh thu m ko ch r iu kin tr tin no th c Chi ph nh thu do ai chu? C th phn b theo nguyn tc nxk chu ph ca ngn hng chuyn, Quy nh phng thc thu chi ph nh thu Tin li s c thu nu c Cc ch dn trong trng hp ko thanh ton hoc ko chp nhn thanh ton. Trch nhim ca ngn hng chuyn nh thu: chu trch nhim vi ngi y thc chuyn nguyn

(nu c)

coi l D/P ngi nk chu chi ph ca ngn hng thu b.

vn chng t v cc ch th ca ngi y thc cho NH thu; chu trch nhim tr mi chi ph pht sinh cho ngn hng thu. Cu 49. Khi nim, cc bn lin quan, quy trnh thanh ton nh thu
a.

Khi nim: l phng thc thanh ton theo , nxk sau khi giao hng hay cung ng dch v, y

thc cho ngn hng phc v mnh xut trnh chng t thng qua ngn hng i l cho nh nhp khu c thanh ton, chp nhn hi phiu hay chp nhn cc iu kin v iu khon khc. b. Cc bn lin quan: Ngi y thc thu/ Ngi hng li (principle): L mt xch u tin trong dy chuyn nh thu L ngi quy nh ni dung giao dch nh thu L ngi pht ra cc ch th cho tt c cc bn thc hin L ngi hng li nh thu L ngi chu chi ph cui cng v giao dch nh thu (bt k c thu c tin hay ko) Nh chuyn ( Remitting bank) l ngn hng theo yu cu ca ngi y thc, chp nhn chuyn nh

thu n ngn hng thu (collecting bank) nc ngi nhp khu thun tin cho vic thu h.

 tin

NH thu ( collecting bank) L ngn hng i l hay chi nhnh ca ngn hng chuyn c tr s nc ngi tr tin NH thu nhn lnh nh thu t nhn hng chuyn v thc hin thu tin t ngi tr tin theo cc NH thu s phi chu trch nhim v nh thu vi ngn hng chuyn. NH xut trnh ( presenting bank) c ngha v xut trnh chng t ti ngi tr tin Nh xut trnh s l ngn hng thu nu NH ny c quan h ti khon vi ngi tr tin. NH xut trnh l NH khc vi ngn hng thu nu NH thu ko c quan h ti khon vi ngi tr Ngi tr tin (ngi hng th tri) l ngi m nh thu c xut trnh thanh ton hay chp

iu kin ghi trong Lnh nh thu

nhn thanh ton c. Quy trnh thanh ton nh thu C1. Nh thu trn: Nh thu phiu trn l phng thc m ngi xut khu ch a hi phiu hoc ho n nh ngn hng thu h tin hng, cn cc chng t hng ho th ngi xut khu gi thng cho ngi nhp khu khng thng qua ngn hng. Quy trnh thanh ton (Nh hnh ca nh thu km chng t) (1): Ngi y thc (ngi XK) gi hng ha v b chng t thng mi trc tip cho nNK. (2): Ngi XK gi n yu cu nh thu cng chng t ti chnh cho NH chuyn thu tin t nNK. (3) NH chuyn lp v gi Lnh nh thu cho NH thu (4): NH thu xut trnh chng t cho nNK (5) Nh NK tr tin ngay hoc chp nhn tr tin (6) NH thu h chuyn tin nh thu, hoc hi phiu k hn chp nhn cho NH chuyn. (7) Ngn hng chuyn s chuyn tin hoc hi phiu k hn c chp nhn cho ngi y thc (ngi xut khu). C2. Nh thu km chng t Nh thu km chng t l mt phng thc thanh ton m ngi xut khu sau khi hon thnh vic giao hng, lp b chng t thanh ton nh thu (gm chng t hng ho v hi phiu), nh ngn hng thu h s tin trn t hi phiu o, vi iu kin ngi nhp khu tr tin hoc chp nhn th ngn hng mi trao chng t ngi nhp khu i nhn

Quy trnh thanh ton

Remitting bank NH chuyn 7 2

Collecting bank NH thu 6 4 5

Principle Nxk (1): ngi XK giao hng cho ngi nhp khu.

Drawee Nnk

(2): Ngi XK gi n yu cu nh thu cng chng t thng mi v hoc ti chnh cho NH chuyn (3) NH chuyn lp v gi Lnh nh thu cho NH thu (4): NH thu h xut trnh hi phiu i tin v yu cu thc hin cc iu kin nh thu: D/P, D/A, D/TC. (5) Nh NK thc hin cc iu kin nh thu (6) NH thu h chuyn tin nh thu, hoc HP k hn chp nhn cho NH chuyn (7) NH chuyn s chuyn tin hoc hi phiu k hn c chp nhn cho ngi xk hoc chuyn thng bo t chi thanh ton cho ngi xk Cu 50. Phn loi v so snh cc loi nh thu, trng hp p dng C 2 loi l Nh thu trn v nh thu km chng t (D/A, D/P, D/TC) Trng hp p dng 1. Nh thu trn: ri ro nu i tc l ngi ko ng tin cy, v vy ch nn p dng trong trng hp Tin cy ln nhau hoc c quan h lin doanh vi nhau gia cng ty m, cng ty con hoc chi Thanh ton cc dch v: tin cc ph vn ti, bo him, pht bi thng...

nhnh ca nhau

Phng thc nh thu phiu trn khng c p dng nhiu trong thanh
ton v mu dch, v n khng m bo quyn li cho ngi bn, v vic nhn hng ca ngi mua hon ton tch ri khi khu thanh ton, do ngi mua c th nhn hng v khng tr tin hoc chm tr tr tin. i vi ngi mua p dng phng thc ny cng c iu bt li, v nu hi phiu n sm hn chng t, ngi mua phi tr tin ngay

trong khi khng bit vic giao hng ca ngi bn c ng hp ng hay khng. 2. Nh thu km chng t: dng tng i ph bin trong thng mi quc t, khi 2 bn c quan h thn thit. So snh nh thu trn v nh thu km chng t Ging nhau: S dng khi nh xut khu c cc khon phi thu t cc cng c thanh ton nhng khng th t p dng khi cc bn c mi quan h thn thit v thi gian thu hi vn chm v vic thanh ton mnh thu c nn phi y thc cho ngn hng thu h hon ton ph thuc vo thin ch ca nh nk. Khc nhau Trch nhim ngn hng Nh thu trn Vai tr ca ngn hng ch n thun l thu h Chng t thanh ton Nh thu km chng t Ngn hng ngoi vic thu tin h cn c trch nhim khng ch

chng t vn ti i vi ngi mua Nh thu chng t ti chnh Chng t ti chnh km ko km chng t thng mi chng t thng mi Chng t thng mi ko km chng t ti chnh Ko gi trc tip chng t cho nh nk m nh ngn hng khng ch

Quy trnh thanh ton

Nh xk gi trc tip chng t hng ha cho nnk, ko thng qua ngn hng Ri ro cho nh xk bi ngi mua c th nhn hng nhng ko thanh ton hoc chm tr thanh ton Vic nhn hng tch ri khi khu thanh ton

Quyn li nxk

Quyn li nh nk c m bo hn

Thanh ton v nhn hng

D/P: nh xk giao hng

nhng cha giao chng t, nh NH khng ch chng t, giao chng t khi thanh ton D/A: ging D/P nhng giao D/TC: nh xk giao hng chng t khi chp nhn thanh ton

nhng yu cu nh nk k k phiu hoc NH bn nk ha tr tin th s giao chng t

Cu 51. Nu trch nhim cc bn theo URC 522, ICC, trch nhim tr cc loi ph Nu lnh nh thu quy nh c th rng mi chi ph nh thu l do nnk chu nhng ngi ny li

khng chu tr th ngn hng c th giao chng t theo cc k D/P, D/A hay D/TC m ko cn thu chi ph nh thu v bn a ra lnh nh thu s chu nhng chi ph ny hoc c th tr vo s tin thu c. Nu lnh nh thu quy nh r rang l cc chi ph nh thu ko th b qua, phi thu v Ngi nk t chi thanh ton th ngn hng thu s ko giao chng t v ko chu trch nhim i vi bt c hu qu no sinh ra t s chm tr trong vic giao chng t. Trong mi trng hp, nu lnh nh thu quy nh r rang rng mi chi ph v tin ng chi do ngi xk chu th ngn hng thu s c php thu li ngay cc chi ph ny t ngn hng chuyn, v ngn hng chuyn s c php thu li ngay bt c s tin no m n chi cho ngi nh thu m ko cn bit c thu c tin hay ko. Cu 52. Phng thc tn dng chng t: khi nim, ngun lut iu chnh v phm vi p dng a. Khi nim: phng thc tn dng chng t l 1 s tha thun, trong 1 ngn hng (ngn hng m L/C) theo yu cu ca khch hng (ngi yu cu m th tn dng) s tr 1 s tin nht nh cho 1 ngi khc (ngi hng li s tin ca th tn dng) hoc chp nhn hi phiu do ngi ny k pht trong phm vi s tin khi ngi ny xut trnh cho ngn hng b chng t ph hp vi cc quy nh ca th tn dng b. Ngun lut iu chnh Quy tc v cch thc hnh thng nht v tn dng chng t UCP 500 1993ICC, sau 6 ln sa i Tp qun ngn hng tiu chun quc t kim tra chng t theo L/C s 645 nm 2003 ISBP 645 Bn ph trng UCP 500 v vic xut trnh chng t in t eUCP 1.0 2002 ICC. Phm vi p dng Trong bun bn vi i tc mi

th tn gi thng nht l UCP 600 2007 ICC 2003 ICC c.

Do quy nh hay tp qun thng mi v thanh ton Do yu cu ca cc nh bo him tn dng Do cc yu cu v qun l ngoi hi

Cu 53. Nu cc bn lin quan, quy trnh thanh ton tn dng chng t v trng hp p dng. Cc bn lin quan: Ngi yu cu m th tn dng l Ngi nhp khu hoc l Ngi nhp khu y thc cho mt Ngn hng m th tn dng (Issuing Bank) thng l Ngn hng ca ngi NK. Ngi hng li th tn dng l ngi xut khu hay bt c ngi no khc m Ngi hng li Ngn hng thng bo th tn dng (Advising Bank) : kim tra tnh chn tht b ngoi ca L/C ngi khc (Applicant).

ch nh.( Beneficiary) thng bo l L/C c tht khng, sau thng bo cho ngi hng li v ch chuyn L/C gc cho ngi hng li. Ngn hng xc nhn (Confirming Bank) Ngn hng tr tin (Paying Bank) Ngn hng thng bo th tn dng (Advising Bank)

Quy trnh thanh ton tn dng chng t Ngn hng m th tn dng (Issuing Bank) (6) (3) (9)

(7)

(2)

(8) (1)
(2)

(9)

(4)

(6)

Ngi yu cu m th tn dng (Applicant)

(5)

(2)

Ngi hng li th tn dng (Beneficiary)

(1): Gia ngi yu cu v ngi hng li th tn dng k kt mt hp ng (2): Ngi yu cu m th tn dng s gi n yu cu m th tn dng cho ngn hng m th tn dng, Ngn hng s yu cu k qu, t l ph thuc vo 2 bn. (3):Ngn hng m th tn dng pht hnh L/C thng qua Ngn hng thng bo (pht hnh bng in, bng th,)

(4): Ngn hng thng bo s kim tra tnh chn tht b ngoi ca L/C, thng bo cho ngi hng li v chuyn L/C gc cho ngi hng li. (5): Ngi hng li giao hng cho ngi yu cu m th tn dng. (6): Ngi hng li xut trnh chng t i tin Ngn hng pht hnh L/C (7):Ngn hng m th tn dng(Issuing Bank) thng bo kt qu kim tra chng t cho Ngi yu cu (8): Ngi yu cu Applicant chp nhn hay t chi thanh ton (9): Ngn hng m th tn dng( Issuing Bank) thng bo chp nhn hay t chi nhn chng t cho ngi hng li. Trng hp p dng: Trong bun bn vi cc i tc mi. Do quy nh hay tp quan thng mi v thanh ton. Do yu cu ca cc nh bo him, tn dng. Do cc yu cu v qun l ngoi hi.

Cu 54. Ni dung ca n yu cu m L/C v cc bn lin quan. Mu n yu cu pht hnh th tn dng ca ngn hng in sn da trn mu Standafo v Standaci thng dng trn quc t.Cc n v nhp khu n ngn hng xin mua n k trn v ch in vo ch trng nhng ni dung cn thit v xa i nhng ni dung khng cn thit. Cng vi n ny, n v nhp khu phi c 2 giy y nhim chi : 1 tr th tc ph m L/C, 1 k qu m L/C. Ni dung ca n : v. Cch vn ti giao nhn, ni giao hng, ni bc hng trong hp ng quy nh nh th no th Cc iu kin khc : y l cc iu kin m ngi nhp khu ra i vi ngi xut khu v ghi vo giy yu cu m L/C nh th y. yu cu thc hin. S hiu ngy k hp ng. Tn a ch ca ngi yu cu m L/C ( ngi nhp khu) Tn a ch, ngn hng pht hnh L/C ca ngi nhp khu v ngn hng i l Tn a ch ca ngi hng li L/C S tin ca th tn dng cn phi ghi r k hiu tin t, loi ngoi t bng s v bng ch Phng thc thanh ton : thanh ton bng hi phiu tr tin ngay th xa ch b trng gia ch Tn v s lng chng t yu cu. Nhng ni dung v hng ha nh tn hng, trng lng, quy cch phm cht, k m hiu, gi n

atsight cn thanh ton bng hi phiu tr chm th in ch v s vo ch b trng .

Ch k ca gim c cc n v kinh doanh nhp khu. Ngi yu cu m th tn dng (nh xut khu) Ngn hng pht hnh L/C. Ngn hng xc nhn L/C nu c Ngi hng li L/C.

Cc bn lin quan :

Cu 55. Nu cc ni dung ca th tn dng : ngy m, ngy ht hn, s tin, iu kin giao hng, iu kin chuyn ti, thi gian giao hng, cc loi chng t xut trnh (B/L, cc chng t vn ti, C/O, B/E, chng t bo him, ha n ) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. S hiu L/C : a ch pht hnh L/C : l ni ngn hng pht hnh L/C vit cam kt tr tin Ngi hng li, c Ngy pht hnh L/C:Bt u cam kt ca NHPH i vi ngi th hng Tn, a ch ca nhng ngi c lin quan n L/C : Cc thng nhn, cc ngn hng S tin ca th tn dng : Khng nn ghi con s tuyt i, nn c dung sai

ngha trong vic chn lut gii quyt tranh chp, nu L/C khng dn chiu n lut p dng.

Cc t about, approximately c s dng c lin quan n s tin ca th tn dng hoc s lng hoc n gi ghi trong th tn dng ph c hiu l cho php mt dung sai 10% hn hoc km ca s tin, hoc ca s lng, hoc ca n gi m chng ni n. Mt dung sai khng vt qu 5% hn hoc km v s lng hng ha l c php, min l th tn dng khng quy nh s lng tnh bng 1 s n v kin hoc n v chic v tng s tin ca th tn dng V d :

About 100MT,100bao 90 110MT, 90 110bao 100MT, 100bao 95 105MT, 100bao 100MT 5%, 100bao 5% 95 105MT, 95 105bao Thi hn hiu lc ca L/C : L thi hn m ngn hng pht hnh cam kt tr tin cho ngi hng li, nu ngi hng li Bt u tnh t ngy ngn hng pht hnh m L/C cho n ngy ht hiu lc ca L/C Ngy giao hng phi nm trong thi hn hiu lc ca L/C v khng c trng vi ngy ht hn

6. -

xut trnh ph hp trong thi gian ny. Nguyn tc khi xc nh thi hn hiu lc ca L/C : ca L/C

7.

Ngy pht hnh ca L/C phi trc ngy giao hng 1 thi gian hp l khng c trng vi ngy Ngy ht hn hic lc L/C phi sau ngy giao hng 1 thi gian hp l Thi hn tr tin : C th l thi hn tr tin ngay hoc tr tin v sau, ph thuc vo quy nh ca

giao hng

hp ng. Thi hn tr tin c th nm trong (hi phiu thanh ton ngay) hoc sau thi hn hiu lc ca L/C (Hi phiu k hn), nhng hi phiu phi c xut trnh chp nhn trong thi hn hiu lc ca L/C. 8. Thi hn giao hng : c quy nh trong hp ng mua bn v cng c ghi li trong L/C. Thi hn giao hn c quan h cht ch vi thi hn hiu lc ca L/C. Thi hn giao hng c th quy nh chm nht l vo ngy no , khng c ghi m h trnh vic suy on sai dn n tranh chp. 9. 10. Nhng ni dung v hng ha (Tn hng, s lng, trng lng, cht lng, gi c, quy cch phm Nhng ni dung v vn ti giao nhn hng ha (Ni dung ny bao gm iu kin c s giao hng, cht, bao b, k m hiu ) ni gi v ni giao hng, cch vn chuyn v cch giao hng tng phn hay ton phn, c c php chuyn ti hay khng ) 11. Cc chng t phi xut trnh : Cc chng t trong L/C s bng ti thiu cc chng t quy nh trong hp ng c s, v chng loi, s lng, cch k pht mi loi: -Hi phiu thng mi (Commerial Bill of Exchange) -Ho n thng mi (Commercial Invoice) -Vn n hng hi (Ocean Bill of Lading) -Chng nhn bo him (Insurance Policy) -Chng nhn xut x (Certificate of Origin) -Chng nhn trng lng (Certificate of quality) -Danh sch ng gi (packing list) -Chng nhn kim nghim (Inspection Certificate) 12. 13. 14. S cam kt tr tin ca ngn hang pht hnh L/C. Nhng iu khon c bit khc. Ch k ca ngn hng pht hnh.

Cu 56. Cch k pht, cch xut trnh v xut trnh li cc chng t trong thanh ton bng L/C (Theo UCP600, ISBP681 ,) v d : S lng bn, cch ghi ngy thng, ai l ngi k pht,... - S lng bn gc xut trnh : * Nu s lng bn gc quy nh khng r rng trong L/C th t nht 1 bn gc ca mi loi chng t phi c xut trnh, s cn li l bn sao. * S lng bn gc xut trnh t nht phi bng s lng m L/C, UCP600 yu cu hoc nu chng t ch r xut hnh bao nhiu bn gc th s lng phi bng s lng ghi trn chng t - Cch ghi ngy thng: - Ngi k pht: Cu 57. Nu quy trnh sa i v hiu lc ca cc sa i th tn dng theo UCP600. Tt c cc giao dch c lin quan n ni dung sa i hay b sung L/C c th trc tip gia 2 ngi xut khu v nhp khu, song kt qu cui cng phi c s xc nhn ca ngn hng pht hnh L/C v ngn hng xc nhn L/C, nu c. C th l : -Khi ng sa i L/C, n v kinh doanh nhp khu phi gi giy iu chnh th tn dng c ch k ca gim c n ngn hng pht hnh L/C.(bng vn bn, bng in v trong thi hn hiu lc ca L/C) -Trn c s ny ngn hng pht hnh L/C mi tin hnh sa i L/C. -Thng qua ngn hng thng bo, truyn t trc tip n ngi c yu cu Lu : -Hiu lc sa i L/C tnh t ngy thng bo. -Chp nhn sa i tng phn s khng c gi tr -Ph sa i l do ngi yu cu sa i chu:nu ngi mua m L/C tri hp ng v ngi bn yu cu sa i th ngi mua chu;ngi mua thc hin ng hp ng m ngi bn yu cu sa i th ngi bn chu;sa i vo cc ln sau th ai ngh sa i th ngi phi chu. V hiu lc sa i:

Cu 58. Cc loi chng t, cch xut trnh b chng t ph hp vi L/C v thi hn xut trnh. Cc loi chng t: Cc chng t trong L/C s bng ti thiu cc chng t quy nh trong hp ng c s, v chng loi, s lng, cch k pht mi loi: -Hi phiu thng mi (Commerial Bill of Exchange) -Ho n thng mi (Commercial Invoice)

-Vn n hng hi (Ocean Bill of Lading) -Chng nhn bo him (Insurance Policy) -Chng nhn xut x (Certificate of Origin) -Chng nhn trng lng (Certificate of quality) -Danh sch ng gi (packing list) -Chng nhn kim nghim (Inspection Certificate) Cch xut trnh b chng t ph hp vi L/C: -B chng t phi ph hp v loi chng t, s lng chng t, ng ni dung m L/C yu cu. -Ni dung gia cc chng t khng c mu thun ln nhau, phi nht qun vi nhau -Cc chng t lp ra phi ph hp vi lut l, tp qun ca mi loi chng t Thi hn xut trnh Gia hn ngy xut trnh Ngy xut trnh chng t chm nht v ngy ht hn hiu lc ca L/C l ngy th 7. Chng t xut trnh ng vo ngy , nhng ngn hng ngh cui tun, UCP cho php c gia hn xut trnh n ngy lm vic u tin sau ngy ngh tc l ngy th 2. Khng gia hn ngy giao hng chm nht. Cu 60: So snh u nhc im ca phng thc thanh ton tn dng chng t vi cc phng php khc v trng hp p dng Phng thc thanh ton bng tn dng chng t c s dng rt rng ri trong kinh doanh XNK ca doanh nghip v n bo m tnh an ton.L v : Cc i tc k kt hp ng thng c tr s nhng quc gia khc nhau nn gia cc bn vn tn ti s thiu tin tng ln nhau, phng thc tn dng chng t gip 2 bn yn tm v quyn li ca mnh. u im: m bo quyn li ca tt c cc bn tham gia (k c Ngn hng) Li ch i vi ngi xut khu: - NH s thc hin thanh ton ng nh qui nh trong th tn dng bt k vic ngi mua c mun tr tin hay khng. - Chm tr trong vic chuyn chng t c hn ch ti a. - Khi chng t c chuyn n NH pht hnh, vic thanh ton c tin hnh ngay hoc vo mt ngy xc nh (nu l L/C tr chm). - KH c th ngh chit khu L/C c trc tin s dng cho vic chun b thc hin hp ng Li ch i vi ngi nhp khu: - Ch khi hng ha thc s c giao th ngi nhp khu mi phi tr tin. - Ngi nhp khu c th yn tm l ngi xut khu s phi lm tt c nhng g theo qui nh trong L/C

 m bo vic ngi xut khu s c thanh ton tin (nu khng ngi xut khu s mt tin). Li ch i vi Ngn hng: - c thu ph dch v (ph m L/C, ph chuyn tin, ph thanh ton h - M rng quan h thng mi quc t Nhc im l hi rm r trong thc hin. i vi nh nhp khu: V l do v bng cch no o m nh xut khu a ra, xut trnh cho ngn hng c b chng t hp l, nhng hng ha khng m bo cht lng hay khng ng nh trong Th tn dng --> B chng t hp l--> bt li cho nh NK i vi nh XK: C th do nghip v cn yu km v hnh thc thanh ton ny m khng xut trinh c BCT hp l hay chm so vi L/C --> lc ny ngn hng c th s t chi thanh ton Cu 61.Nu cc loi th tn dng v trng hp p dng Th tn dng c th hy ngang (Revocable L/C) Th tn dng khng th hy ngang (Irrevocable L/C) Th tn dng xc nhn (Confirm L/C) NH xc nhn ch phi chi tr cho ngi bn ng s tin m h xc nhn nu Nh pht hnh khng c kh nng chi tr, d s tin pht hnh c sa i cao hn. an ton cao hn v c 2 NH cam kt tr tin cho Th tn dng min truy i (Without Recourse) ngi hng li. Khi Bener nhn tin th Nh pht hnh LC khng c quyn i li tin H ngh l trong trng hp hng hc hay b chng Th tn dng c th chuyn nhng (transferable L/C) t c vn , khng m bo. Ngi hng li k kt hp ng XK nhng khng hng. Nh kinh doanh XK(Trung gian) tm c th trng tiu th, nhng khng c vn or khng c NH cp vn mua bn HH hay m LC gip lng NH pht hnh c th sa i b sung hay hy b m khng cn c s ng ca ngi hng li L/C Khng s dng

Th tn dng tun hon (Revolving)

L ngi mi gii hay i l, bao tiu sn

phm. Cc bn tin tng ln nhau. Bun bn thng xuyn, nh k, s lng ln, giao nhiu ln trong mt thi gian nht nh v hng ha ng nht v chng loi phm cht cc ng gi bao b. LC gc l loi khng th chuyn nhng c trong khi ngi trung gian khng th t mnh cung cp HH
-

Th tn dng gip lng (back to back)

Khi chng t c xut trnh khng th Ngi trung gian mun giu tt c thng tin

khp.( chc l gia HH v chng t) lien quan Th tn dng i ng (Reciprocal) Khi cc kin ca hp ng mua bn l

khc nhau Gia cng hay phng thc hng i hng. Gia cng hay lm hng m khng cn tn vn. Nh NK cng khng lo nc gia cng ly hng ca mnh v thng khng ph hp vi khch hng nc gia cng.

Th tn dng thanh ton dn v sau (Deferred payment) Th tn dng iu khon ng trc tin cho nh xut khu

(Red Clause) BN NHIU CH CN HI M H!!! Cu 62: Nu khi nim v nhng lu khi p dng th tn dng chuyn nhng( phm vi p dng, chng t c th thay th, trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan th tn dng chuyn nhng) Th tn dng chuyn nhng: Khi nim:

- L LC khng th hy ngang, trong quy nh quyn ca Ngi hng li th 1 c th yu cu NH pht hnh LC hoc NH ch nh chuyn nhng ton b hay mt phn thc hin LC cho mt hay nhiu ngi khc. Phm vi p dng: + Chuyn nhng LC ti nc ngi hng li: C nh NK xin m LC, ngi hng li th 1, ngi hng li th 2 v NH pht hnh. + Chuyn nhng LC ti nc th 3: Nh NK, Ngi hng li th 1, th 2, Nh pht hnh, NH chuyn nhng (NHTB LC gc), NH ngi bn (Bener 2) + Chuyn nhng LC ti nc ngi NK. Trch nhim ca cc bn: + Nh NK: chp nhn m LC c th chuyn nhng, ng s tham gia ca mt nh cung cp khc. + Ngi hng li th 1 phi chi tr ton b chi ph. Vic vn chuyn LC khng c ngha l chuyn nhng HP NG MUA BN, 1 vn l ngi chu trch nhim chnh vi nh NK. + Ngi hng li th 2 ng chp nhn LC chuyn nhng v tin hnh giao hng trc tip cho nh NK theo a ch quy nh trong LC. Ch c th chuyn nhng 1 ln, v vy Bener 2 khng c php chuyn nhng cho ngi khc. + NH phi ghi r l LC c th chuyn nhng. Ch nh r NH no l NH chuyn nhng LC. -

Chuyn nhng c cho php tu chnh hay khng, nu c phi quy nh r trong lnh chuyn CHNG T THAY TH: Ha n, Hi phiu.

nhng. Cu 63. Th tn dng d phng( nu khi nim, tp qun, phm vi p dng, trch nhim ca cc bn) L cam kt khng hu ngang, c lp, bng vn bn v rng buc khi c pht hnh Ngi pht hnh cam kt vi ngi hng li thanh ton chng t xut trnh trn b mt ph hp vi cc iu khon v iu kin ca th tn dng d phng theo ng cc quy tc ny v Ngi pht hnh phi thanh ton chng t xut trnh bng vic chuyn s tin theo phng thc tr tin ngay, hoc chp nhn hi phiu ca ngi th hng, hoc cam kt tr tin sau hoc chit khu.. (theo ISP 98, ICC) Phm vi s dng: nh mt bo lnh ca NH pht hnh nhm m bo vic thc hin HTM, G cng, Lin doanh, hp Bo lnh khon vay cho cc hp ng vay n trong nc. m bo kh nng thanh ton. Chng t i tc lm n c s tin tng ln nhau, vic thanh ton tc hay m bo d thu.

bng th tn dng d phng ch l bt c d tng an ton. Thng s dng kt hp vi cc phng thc bo lnh v thanh ton khc. m bo nhng ngha v ti chnh theo phn quyt ca ta trong H thu mua ti chnh.

L/C d phng l mt tn dng chng t hay l dn xp tng t, th hin ngha v ca ngn hng pht hnh ti ngi th hng trong vic: - Thanh ton li khon tin m ngi yu cu m L/C d phng vay hoc c ng trc. - Thanh ton khon n ca ngi m L/C d phng. - Bi thng nhng thit hi do ngi m L/C d phng khng thc hin ngha v ca mnh. - Do L/C d phng c xem nh l phng tin thanh ton th yu. S khc nhau v L/C thng mi v L/C d phng l L/C thng mi hot ng trn c s thc hin hp ng ca ngi bn. Ngc li, L/C d phng m bo cho ngi th hng trong trng hp ngha v khng c thc hin. Trong L/C d phng, ngn hng m ghi r L/C ny ch c gi tr thc hin khi c s vi phm ngha v ca ngi xin m L/C ngc li nu khng c s vi phm y, L/C d phng s khng c thc hin.L/C d phng c s dng nh mt hnh thc bo lnh trong mt phm vi rt rng bao gm cc hat ng thong mi , ti chnh. BN CH TM C NGHA V CA NGN HNG THUI !!! Cu 64: nu khi nim v nhng lu khi s dng L/C Back to back L/C gip lng (back to back L/C): l loi L/C c m ra cn c vo L/C khc lm m bo, lm vt th chp. L/C ban u c gi l L/C gc, L/C mi l L/C gip lng. V i th L/C gc v L/C gip lng ging nhau, nhng : - Chng t ca L/C gip lng phi nhiu hn L/C gc - Kim gch L/C gip lng phi nh hn L/C gc, khon chnh lch ny do ngi trung gian hng chi tr ph m L/C gip lng v phn hoa hng ca h. - Thi gian giao hng ca L/C gip lng sm hn vi LC gc. - Hai L/C gc v gip lng l hon c lp vi nhau. - n gi HH trong LC gip lng cng thng nh hn trong LC gc - Thi hn hiu lc LC gc di hn ca LC gip lng. Nghip v th tn dng gip lng rt phc tp, n i hi phi c s kt hp kho lo v chnh xc cc iu kin ca L/C gc vi L/C gip lng, nht l cc vn c lin quan n vn ti v cc chng t hng ha khc. Thng s dng khi nh mi gii khng mun cho khc hng bit ngun hng ca mnh. Cu 65. nu khi nim v nhng lu khi s dng LC iu khon

Ngi NK c th ng trc tin hng cho ngi XK thng qua cc phng thc thanh ton tn dng chng t bng L/C iu khon ( Red Clause L/C) , l loi L/C trong quy nh ngn hng pht hnh ng trc mt khon tin nht nh cho ngi hng li trc khi ngi bn thc hin vic giao hng v xut trnh chng t. Cn gi l L/C ng trc Mt s lu trong p dng L/C iu khon : + Quy nh s tin ng trc + Ngi XK phi k pht 1 hi phiu trn i tin NHPH. Tr gi hi phiu bng s tin ng trc. + S tin s c khu tr khi NHPH thanh ton cho ngi hng li + Ngi m LC l Nh XK. Cu 66.nu khi nim v nhng lu khi s dng LC i ng: L lai L/C ch c hiu lc khi c 1 L/C khc i ng vi n c pht hnh. L/C ny c s dng trong giao dch hng i hng v gia cng hng xut khu. C 2 bn u l ngi mua , ngi bn ca nhau. c im ni bt ca LC ny l iu khan thanh tan. Trong quy nh vic chp nhn hoc thanh tan ca LC ny ch c hiu lc sau khi ngn hng pht hnh nhn s tin theo LC s ngy do ngn hng pht hnh (the acceptance and or payment under this L/C is valid only after our receipt of full proceeds under L/C Nodated issued by) n gin hn c th trong 2 L/C ny u ghi ch c thanh tan khi 1 L/C khc i ng vi n c m ra. L/C i ng xt v bn cht ch l mt na L/C do s cam kt c iu kin ca ngn hng. cc nc khac, t lu khng cn s dng L/C ny , song Vit Nam lai L/C ny vn cn c s dng, c bit trong quan h gia cng ti xut, v n gip cc nh kinh doanh VN c th gia cng hng xut khu m khng cn vn. Khc vi nhng LC thng thng c thanh ton, chp nhn thanh ton khi chng t xut trnh ph hp, LC i ng l LC thanh ton c iu kin, theo NHPH LC i ng cam kt thanh ton ch sau khi nhn c y tin hng theo L/C khc i vi L/C do NHPH pht hnh. V d sau y c th gip bn hiu r hn v L/C i ng: Shingbang Ltd., Co (Hn Quc) k mt hp ng gia cng hng may mc vi Garment Company No. 5 (Vit Nam), theo Shingbang Ltd., Co m L/C nhp thnh phm (Master L/C) cho ngi hng l Garment Company No. 5 v L/C Garment Company No. 5 m L/C nhp nguyn liu tr chm 90 ngy cho ngi hng l Shingbang Ltd., Co. Khi nhn c L/C, v d, L/C No. 123 dated 20/2/2008 c pht hng bi Korex Bank Seoul, Garment Company No. 5 yu cu ngn hng ca mnh (Vietcombank Da Nang) pht hnh L/C tr chm (deferred payment L/C) 90 ngy i ng vi L/C trn cho ngi hng l Shingbang. L/C i ng do Vietcombank Da Nang pht hnh c th quy nh v iu kin thanh ton nh sau: This L/C is reciprocal to L/C No.

123 dated 20/4/2008 issued by Korex Bank, Seoul. Upon receipt of the documents complying with the L/C terms, we shall incur a deferred payment undertaking but the payment hen due shall be effected only after our full receipt of the proceeds under L/C No. 123 dated 20/4/2008. L/C i ng ph bin ch yu mt s nc Chu . Vit Nam loi L/C ny c pht hnh ph bin nhng nm 90 khi cc cng ty dt may Vit Nam gia cng hng may mc cho cc cng ty Hn Quc. Hin nay loi L/C hu nh khng cn c s dng rng ri. Cu 67: Nu khi nim, phn loi v trng hp p dng th tn dng tun hon (Revolving L/C) KN: L loi L/C khng th hy b, sau khi s dng xong hoc ht thi hn hiu lc th n li t ng c gi tr nh c, v c tun hon nh vy n khi no tng gi tr hp ng c thc hin. VD: Tng gi tr hp ng 1,2 t USD, thc hin trong 12 thng. trnh thit hi do phi m L/C c gi tr ln, thi hn di, gy ng vn khng cn thit, ngi mua c th m 1 L/C tr gi 300.000 USD thi hn hiu lc l 3 thng vi iu kin tun hon 4 ln trong nm. Lu : L/C tun hon khng tch ly l khng cho php s d ca L/C trc cng dn vo nhng L/C k tip v ngc li. Phn loi: tun hon t ng, bn t ng v hn ch Tun hon t ng: l L/C t ng c gi tr nh c, ngn hng m L/C khng cn thng bo cho Tun hon hn ch: ch khi ngn hng m L/C thng bo cho ngi xut khu bit th L/C k tip Tun hon bn t ng: sau khi L/C trc s dng xong hoc ht hn hiu lc, nu sau 1 vi ngy ngi xut khu bit. mi c hiu lc. m ngn hng m L/C khng c kin g v L/C k tip v thng bo cho ngi hng li L/C th n t ng c gi tr nh c. Thng c dng khi cc bn tin cy nhau, mua hng thng xuyn, nh k, khi lng ln v trong thi hn di, hng ha phi ng nht v chng loi, phm cht, cch ng gi bao b. Cu 68: Nu khi nim L/C c xc nhn v vai tr ca Ngn hng xc nhn. Tr li: + L L/C khng th hy ngang, c 1 NH th 3 xc nhn, cng cam kt vi NH pht hnh l s thanh ton chp nhn thanh ton cho ngi th hng khi xut trnh ph hp, theo yu cu ca NHPH. + vai tr NHXN: Trch nhim nh NHPH, khi yu cu NHXN th NHPH phi tr 1 khon ph rt cao v c khi k qu n 100% tr gi L/C i vi th xc nhn, mi sa i phi c s ng NHXN th mi c gi tr, cn nu NHXN khng ng th phi bo ngay cho NHPH.

cu 69. so snh th tn dng gip lng v th tn dng i ng. cu 70. lnh nh thu quy nh ph nh thu bn no th bn y chu, nhng ngi nhp khu t chi thanh ton. Hi ngn hng thu h phi lm g? Tr li: nu NH ny chuyn tin cho ngn hng nh thu trc khi nh NK chp nhn thanh ton th phi chu ri ro nu nh nh NK ko nhn chng t v khng thanh ton. cu 71. ngn hng pht hnh c th pht hnh L/C c ni dung khc vi ni dung ca hp ng hay khng? Tr li: c, trong trng hp L/C c th hy ngang. L L/C m ngi NK c quyn ngh NHPH sa i b sung m khng cn s chp thun v thng bo trc ca ngi th hng. cu 72. mt ngn hng nhn c L/C thng bo cho khch hng, nhng khng sn sng thng bo L/C ny. Hi ngn hng ny phi lm g? Tr li: tr li b chng t cho khch hng cu 73. c th thng bo L/C qua mt ngn hng, cn thng bo sa i L/C qua 1 ngn hng khc c khng? Tr li: c th. V trong thanh ton L/C c th c 4 loi ngn hng l ngn hng pht hnh,thong bo,thng lng,thanh ton. Nhng nu cc ngn hng pht hnh ng thi cng ng vai tr l cc cng vic ca cc ngn hng kia th ko dc Cu 74: Hy ch ra ngy xut trnh chng t mun nht trong cc trng hp sau: Thng thng mi L/C u quy nh ngy ht hn xut trnh chng t tnh t ngy giao hng. Nu khng quy nh, th theo iu 14c UCP 600: Ngn hng s t chi chng t xut trnh sau 21 ngy k t ngy giao hng. Trong mi trng hp, chng t phi c xut trnh trong thi hn hiu lc ca L/C. Mi quan h gia thi hn L/C v thi hn xut trnh chng t Trng hp 1: L/C ch quy nh ngy ht hn hiu lc ca L/C m khng quy nh thi hn xut trnh chng t, th vic xut trnh chng t phi tha mn ng thi: Trong thi hn hiu lc ca L/C, Khng mun hn 21 ngy sau ngy giao hng.

Trng hp 2: L/C quy nh ngy ht hn hiu lc ca L/C v ng thi quy nh chng t xut trnh trong vng X ngy sau ngy giao hng, vic xut trnh chng t phi tha mn ng thi:

Trong thi hn ca L/C Khng mun hn Xngy k t ngy giao hng.

1. Shipment date: 2/8/2011 Expiry date of L/C: 02/9/2011 Ngy xut trnh chng t mun nht: 23/8/2011 2. Shipment date: 2/8/2011 Expiry date for presentation: 2/9/2011 Ngy xut trnh chng t mun nht: 2/9/2011 3. Shipment date: 2/8/2011 Expiry date for presentation: 20/8/2011 Xut trnh chng t mun nht: 20/8/2011 Cu 75: Cc ngn hng c chp nhn thanh ton b chng t trong c ha n thng mi c pht hnh trc ngy m L/C? ti sao? C. Theo iu 14i v tiu chun kim tra chng t mt chng t c th ghi trc ngy pht hnh tn dng nhng khng c ghi sau ngy xut trnh chng t Cu 76: Cc ngn hng c chp nhn thanh ton b chng t trong c ha n thng mi c pht hnh sau ngy giao hng? C. Nu ha n thng mi c pht hnh trc ngy xut trnh chng t. Cu 77: L/C quy nh chng t vn ti a phng thc v yu cu cm chuyn ti, ngi th hng xut trnh vn ti gm hai phng thc vn ti v tu ha v c ghi ch l chuyn ti. Ngi th hng xut trnh chng t vn ti th c c coi l ph hp vi L/C hay khng? Ngn hng ch chp nhn thanh ton khi xut trnh c b chng t ph hp vi iu kin iu khon ca tn dng. Theo tp qun ngn hng tiu chun quc t: nu vn ti b cm cc ngn hng s chp nhn b chng t vn ti a phng thc chng minh rng chuyn ti xy ra, min l ton b hnh trnh vn chuyn ch dng mt chng t vn ti a phng thc duy nht m thi. Trong trng hp ny, ngi th hng chng minh chuyn ti xy ra, nu ton b hnh trnh vn chuyn ch dng mt chng t vn ti a phng thc duy nht, th ngn hng s chp nhn thanh ton. iu ny c ngha Ngi th hng xut trnh chng t vn ti th c c coi l ph hp vi L/C.

Cu 78: Xc nh ngy giao hng i vi mt B/L in sn cm t Shipped On Board ghi ngy pht hnh 5/8/2011 trong cc trng hp sau: a. Trn B/L khng ghi g c: 5/8/2011 b. Ghi ch Shipped On Board date 8/8/2011: 8/8/2011 c. Ghi ch Shipped On Board date 3/8/2011: 3/8/2011 Theo tp qun ngn hng tiu chun quc t ISBP 2007 ICC trong ghi ch bc hng ln tu: 119-nu vn ti n theo hp ng thu tu c in sn t bc hng c xut trnh, th ngy pht hnh vn ti n c coi l ngy giao hng. Tr khi trn vn n c ghi ch v hng bc, trong trng hp ny ngy trong ghi ch v hng bc c coi l ngy giao hng d ngy trc hay sau ngy pht hnh vn n. Cu 79: Xc nh s lng bn gc v bn sao cn xut trnh trong cc trng hp sau: Invoices in 3 coppies: Ha n 3 bn yu cu c tha mn bng xut trnh t nht mt bn gc ha n v s cn li l cc bn sao. Invoices in 3 triplicates 3 bn gc nh nhau yu cu c tha mn bng xut trnh 3 bn gc nh nhau. Invoices in 3 originals Invoice in once copy: Ha n 1 bn yu cu c tha mn bng xut trnh 1 mt bn gc ha n. One of coppy invoice: mt bn ha n yu cu c tha mn bng xut trnh 1 mt bn gc ha n hoc 1 bn sao. Cu 80: Nu cch xc nh thi hn hiu lc L/C cho ph hp. Nu khng quy nh thi hn xut trnh L/C th thi hn c xc nh nh th no? Thi hn hiu lc ca L/C chnh l thi hn ngn hng pht hnh cam kt tr tin cho ngi hng li, nu ngi hng li xut trnh ph hp trong thi hn ny. Thi hn hiu lc ca L/C tnh t ngy ngn hng pht hnh m L/C (date of issue) cho n ngy ht hiu lc ca L/C (expiry date) Nguyn tc xc nh thi gian hiu lc ca L/C: Ngy giao hng phi nm trong thi hn hiu lc ca L/C v khng c trng vi ngy ht hn ca L/C. Ngy pht hnh L/C phi trc ngy giao hng mt khon thi gian hp l. Khng c trng vi ngy giao hng. Ngy ht hn ca L/C phi sau ngy giao hng mt khon thi gian hp l. Nu khng quy nh, th theo iu 14c UCP 600:

Ngn hng s t chi chng t xut trnh sau 21 ngy k t ngy giao hng. Trong mi trng hp, chng t phi c xut trnh trong thi hn hiu lc ca L/C.