Hng dn sa Mainboard

* Chun b ngh: - Card test main (khng th thiu) nu c iu kin th trang b mt card test main lai support port 80h v 84h, c lun cng LPT cng tt (hoc loi dng c cho desktop ln Laptop). Xem thm bi Card Testmainboard ton tp.

Dng P2 Ch c khe PCI h tr Port 80H v 84H

- CPU cc loi: thng dng nht l Sokket 478, v soket 775. - RAM cc lai: thng dng nht l SD-RAM, DDR, DDR2. - B ngun lai tt. - My kh nhit, m hn, ng h o VOM, my cp ngun. - Cc thit b khc c tin hn nn trang b khi bn l ca hng ln: my np chip BIOS ROM (khang 500-1000$), my hin sng, my ng chip (khong 2000$), lm chn chip (khong 150$), li lm chn chip cc lai (khang 15$/ci). - Linh kin thay th cc lai: Mosfet, Ic ngun, chipset, chip SIO, chip LAN, chip Sound, chip Bios ROM, t lc ngun cc lai 1. Li chn thng vt l: - Mt k thut IT kinh nghim khi cm mt mainboard nghi ng hng s quan st tht k xem c b chn thng vt l hay khng ??? Mt vt try xc, c th gy ra ngn mch hoc t mch. Cc slot ram, khe m rng PCI, AGP, PCIx c b chp mch hay khng. Nhiu bn my ang chy, tho ra th 1 thanh RAM th l my i lun li cho RAM git main. Nhng s tht do bt cn thao tc khng ng cch lm cc slot tip xc chp nhau dn n cht main.

- Li chy, n hay ph t th rt d pht hin bng mt thng v ti cp n trong bi vit Mainboard v cc pan cn bn - Cc vt bn do cn trng xm nhp li nh dn, chut s gy chp chn khng n nh thm ch chm chp v dn n cht mainboard. - Vic v sinh mainboard tht sch v quan st tht k ban u rt c ch cho cng vic sa cha mainboard. 2. Li kch ngun khng c: - Cc nguyn nhn chnh:

Cht Mosfet o ni ng PS-On vi chip SIO. Hng thch anh 32k cho chipset Nam. H chn hoc li chipset Nam. H chn hoc li chip SIO.

- Mch kch ngun thng dng c 3 dng chnh:

- Trc tin, cn kim tra mc ngun 5V (hoc trn 2.5V) ti chn cng tc (PWR nh trong hnh). Nu mt th d xem mc ngun ny do chip SIO hay chip NAM cp. Kh li hoc thay chip, kt thc bc ny phi c mc ngun 5V chn cng tc. - Kim tra xem mch kch ngun thuc dng no: D t chn mu xanh l n chip SIO (nh hnh minh ha). Nu c 1 ng o c =0 th s nm dng 2 hoc dng 3.

- Cn nu tt c cc ng u > 0 th s nm dng 1. Khi c gn tm 1 mosfet nh b li (thng l chp s gy ra cm ngun chy ngay, hoc t) khu vc gia dy xanh l v chip SIO.

- Nu nm dng 3 th phi kh li chip SIO hoc thay chip SIO. Nn nh phi thay ng tr s trn IC. Thng l Wxxxx hoc ITxxxx.

- Nu nm dng 2 th hi mt, v c 2 chip Nam v chip SIO phi OK ht th mi kch ngun c. - Ngoi ra nhiu trng hp thch anh ca chipset Nam b li cng l cho chip Nam khng hot ng. Nn thay th thch anh ny trc khi x l chipset Nam. 3. Kim tra cc ng cp Ngun cho RAM: (Cha cn cm CPU) - Gn cn thn Card test main vo khe PCI. Kch PS ON, quan st cc led trn Card TEST Main. - Cc led bo ngun chun +5V, -5V, +12V, -12V , 3.3V. - Lu ng 3.3V i vi main s dng SDRAM s s dng trc tip ngun ny nu mt, hy kim tra cc pin VDD (6, 18, 26, 40, 41, 49, 59, 73, 84) ca slot RAM (Tham kho bi vit Cc pinout cc giao tip my tinh) bit v tr ca cc pin. Hoc kim tra cc pin 3.3V ca khe cm PCI. - Ring DDRAM ch s dng ngun 2.5V nn trn mch s c mch n p 2.5V t ngun 3.3V hoc ngun

5V (Kim tra cc con FET xung quanh khe cm RAM v cc chn VDD tng tng (7, 15, 22, 30, 38, 46, 54, 62, 70, 77, 85, 96, 104, 108, 112, 120, 128, 136, 143, 148, 156, 164, 168, 172, 180).

- Cc chn ngun cho DDR2:

- Cc chn ngun cho DDR3:

- Nu mt th tip tc kim tra cc con FET xung quanh chn RAM, hoc IC dao ng ngun cp cho cc con FET ny. Thay IC hoc thay FET. - T lc ngun cho RAM ph hay kh n n main chp chn lc chy lc khng v thng bo li RAM v c. 4. Mch cp ngun cho RAM, chip cu Nam, chip cu Bc, khe AGP, PCIx: - Dng cho RAM:

- Dng cho chipset:

- Dng 1:

Dng 2:

Dng 3:

Dng 4:

- Dng 5:

- Dng 6:

- Dng 7:

- Dng 8:

5. Kim tra ng ngun cp cho chip Nam v AGP hoc PCIx: - Tng t nh RAM, xung quanh chip Nam c 1 hoc vi con FET cp ngun cho chip Nam. - Tng t vi AGP v PCIx. Mt s trng hp AGP dng chung ngun vi chip Nam. - i vi a s mainboard, ta ch cn cm ngun m khng cn cm CPU l c th kch ngun kim tra. Khi ta s o ngun cp cho RAM. Nu ngun cp cho RAM cha OK th phi sa phn ny trc n khi OK mi lm bc tip theo. 6. Kim tra ngun cp cho CPU: - Ngun RAM OK, th ta s cm CPU vo v kch ngun. - Lu , khi cha lp CPU vo th ngun cp cho CPU s bng 0v. - Kim tra cc ng cp ngun cho CPU. (Cc con FET to xung quanh socket gn CPU, o ti chn cc cuc dy ng to qun quanh 1 li hnh vng s c mc ngun tng ng vi ngun cp cho CPU).

- Hin tng ngn mch dn n mt ngun cp cho CPU rt thng xy ra. 70-80% main cht u do bnh ny. Nu con FET no b ngn mch khi bt my r tay s rt nng. - K l cc IC dao ng ngun rt thng xy ra, IC driver cp cho chn G cc con FET. - Mt s trng hp ngun c nhng khng n nh s dn n kn CPU do ngun khng cp ra c ng ngun nui CPU lm CPU khng chy. Li ny a phn do cc t lc ngun CPU b ph hoc kh, thay ht l tt nht. - Xem thm bi Mch cp ngun cho CPU trn mainboard ti phn tch k hn v mch ny. - Xem thm bi Kinh nghim thay Mosfet tng ng dnh cho mainboard. 7. Kim tra tn hiu xung RESET: - Sau khi tt c cc ng ngun u tt: Ngun RAM, ngun CPU, ngun Chipset, ngun AGP ta lu n tn hiu xung reset (lu n led RESET trn card test mainboard). - Sau khi kim tra cc led bo ngun OK, led RESET s sng ln 0.5s ri tt l xung Reset tt. Mt xung reset l n reset khng sng hoc sng hoi. - Khi mt xung reset cn lu cc nguyn nhn:

Jumper CLEAR CMOS khng cm vo Main Mt ngun 1,8V cp cho Chipset Hng mch Clock Gen (cha c xung Clock) Mt ngun 1,5V cp cho Chipset Mt tn hiu P.G t ngun ATX cp xung Main qua dy mu xm Mch VRM c s c (khng c tn hiu VRM_GD) Cha gn CPU vo Mainboard mch VRM khng hot ng Hng mch n p cho RAM hoc cho Card AGP

- Lu thm: nu cc php kim tra trn u cho kt qu Tt th chip Nam c th h chn hoc b li. Kh li hoc thay chip Nam. 8. Kim tra xung clock chnh cp cho mainboard v CPU: - n led Clk trn card test sng cho thy mch dao ng chnh cho mainboard tt. - Sau khi ngun cho CPU ok th kim tra ic dao ng (nm gn thch anh). Bc ny cn phi c my hin sng nu khng th thay th thch anh, kh li hoc thay ic dao ng.

- V tr ca chp xung clock chnh cho mainboard v CPU:

9. Chip BIOS ROM b li:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

sau cc bc kim tra trc: xung Clock, ngun CPU, ngun RAM, ngun chipset, xung Reset OK m mainboard vn cha chy th hi gy go. V cc li sau y a s l do kinh nghim c t kt: CPU khng tng thch (mainboard khng support ti) CPU tip xc khng tt (tho ra gn li, v sinh mt tip xc i vi socket 775) H socket gn CPU (do hat ng lu ngy v nhit cao) Li chip BIOS ROM (tho chp BIOS ROM ra v sinh, nu khng th np li th) H chp cu Bc (phi hp chip hoc ng li chip, ci ny phi c my ng chip mi Nu mainboard chy nhng li treo ngay mn hnh CMOS th a phn l do h chip cu NAM .

lm c)

10. Tra thng s bo trn card test main: - Nu cc bc trn u OK nht nh card test main s hin th qu trnh POST v hin th cc m lnh POST. Bng tra y nht ti y: http://www.postcodemaster.com/ 11. Cc kh khn trong khi sa main: - Linh kin thay th nh cc IC dao ng, chip IO, chipset rt kh mua hoc l phi mua s lng ln v mua t Trung Quc. Nu mua li VN th rt c tin. Tt nht l t su tm cc main h ly dt. - Thit b chuyn dng rt c tin (nh nu phn u) - Trn y cng ch l mt vi kinh nghim thc t ca lqv77 ti trong qu trnh lm vic. Bi vit c tham kho ti liu v s dng mt s hnh nh ca hocnghe.com.vn Thc mc v sa cha mainboard, vui lng gi vo forum. L Quang Vinh