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N THC TP TT NGHIP
H NI 2012
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Thit k b ngun DC
N THC TP TT NGHIP
H NI 2012
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Thit k b ngun DC
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Mc lc
Trang
Phn I Tng quan v ngun mt chiu DC
6
I Gii thiu chung
...7
1.1, khi nin c bn v dng din
.7
1.2, ng in v in p mt chiu DC
...8
II Mt s mch ngun n p
..10
Phn II Ni dung thit k ..11
I S nguyn l
..11
1.1, Khi ngun ..11
1.2, Khi hin th ..11
II Gii thiu cc linh kin trong mch
11
2.1 bin p
..11
2.2 IC LM7805 ..11
2.3 IC LM7905 ..11
2.4 IC LM317 ..11
2.5 IC 7107
..11
2.6 diode
..11
2.7 led 7thanh ..11
2.8 t in
..11
III Mch in v sn phm thc t
.11
3.1 mch in
.......11
3.1.1 khi ngun
.11
3.1.2 khi hin th
.11
3.2 sn phm thc t ...11
IV Nguyn l hot ng
11
Phn III Hot ng ca b ngun
..11
I Gii thiu hot ng
11
II u im, nhc im
11
III Hng ci tin, pht trin ..11
Ti liu tham kho
11
H NI 2012
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Thit k b ngun DC
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Li ni u
Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin, th gii ca chng
ta v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht trin ca k
thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s
chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho
hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu cao.
in t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc cng nng
lm ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit trong hot ng i sng hng
ngy.
Mt trong nhng sn phm thit thc, ph bin, v khng th thiu trong lnh vc
in t v i sng hng ngy l b ngun. V vy, em quyt nh nhn lm
n thit k b ngun DC c u ra thay i hin th bng led 7 on.
Ni dung bo co gm 3 phn:
I Tng quan v ngun mt chiu DC
II Ni dung thit k
III Hot ng ca b ngun
H NI 2012
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Thit k b ngun DC
N THC TP TT NGHIP
Li cm n
n 1 ny hon thnh tt p v ng thi gian quy nh ca khoa in t. Kt
qu ny khng ch l s n lc ca c nhn em m cn c s gip ,ng gp
kin chn thnh v qu bo ca qu thy c v cc bn sinh vin.
Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c khoa in t c bit l thy L Vn Thi
gip v ng gp rt nhiu kin qu bo em c th hon thnh tt n
ln ny.
Xin cm n cc bn trong lp tn tnh gip , ng gp kin v cung cp
phng tin, ti liu, mnh thc hin tt n ln ny.
Gio vin hng dn:
Sinh vin thc hin:
H NI 2012
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L Vn Thi
o Trung Dng
Phm Hng H
Thit k b ngun DC
N THC TP TT NGHIP
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2.2. in p :
Khi mt cc in t tp trung khng u ti hai im A v B nu ta ni mt dy
dn t A sang B s xut hin dng chuyn ng ca cc in tch t ni c mt
cao sang ni c mt thp, nh vy ngi ta gi hai im A v B c chnh lch
v in p v p chnh lch chnh l hiu in th.
- in p ti im A gi l UA
- in p ti im B gi l UB.
- Chnh lch in p gia hai im A v B gi l hiu in th UAB
UAB = UA UB
- n v ca in p l Vol k hiu l U hoc E, n v in p c cc bi s l
Kilo Vol ( KV) = 1000 Vol
Mili Vol (mV) = 1/1000 Vol
Micro Vol = 1/1000.000 Vol
H NI 2012
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H NI 2012
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a,Chc nng:
Bin p c th thay i hiu in th xoay chiu, tng th hoc h th, u ra cho
mt hiu in th tng ng vi nhu cu s dng. my bin p c s dng quan
trng trong vic truyn ti in nng i xa. Ngoi ra cn c cc my bin th c
cng sut nh hn, my bin p dng n nh in p trong nh, hay cc cc
bin th, cc xc, dung cho cc thit b in vi hiu in th nh (220v sang 30v,
24v, 5v ,).
b,Cu to:
My bin p c cu to n gin gm c nhng phn sau:
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Trong : S l thit din ca phn gia li st (vung hay ch nht): S=a.b (cm2)
(y l thit din tthng mc vng xuyn qua cc b cun dy).
K=0,9 i vi l thp E c b dy l 0,35mm
K=0,93 i vi l thp E c b dy l 0,5mm
K=0,8 0,85 nu l thp b han r v li lm
Cng sut ca bin p theo thit din thc: P=(So/1,1)2 So= sqst(P)/1,1
Thong thng mi ngi hay chn li hnh vung hay ch nht nn ta c rng
ca bn: c=sqrt(So)
T ta chn cng sut bin p cn qun xc nh c kch thc ca li st.
Tnh s vng/von :nv
Ci ny ta phi chn cm ng t B hay t thong v da theo cng thc tnh sc
in ng ta s tnh dc s vng/von: nv=45/B.So (v/von)
y th 45 l h s ph thuc vo tn s v bn cht li c gi tr t 30 n 45
nhng thng trn 45.
B l cm ng t, n c chn theo l thp k thut in ty thuc vo lng silic
trong thp nhng thng gi tr ca B t 1T n 1,2T v c khi 1,4T n 1,6T.
Xc nh s vng dy qun.
N1=U1.nv
N2=1,1.U2.nv
Trong :
1,1 :l gi tr chnh lch cng sut do tn tht.
N1: s vng cun dy s cp.
N2: s vng cun dy th cp.
U1: in p u vo.
U2: din p u ra.
Tnh ton tit din ca dy cun th cp v s cp.
Tit din ca dy cun c chn theo mt dng in J. mt dng in J
c chn ph hp ph hp vi iu kin lm vic v nhit ca dy dn
trong khong cho php.
Mt s cch chn mt dng nhit theo cng sut:
vi J=4 (A/mm2) cng sut t (0- 50 va).
vi J=3,5 (A/mm2) cng sut t (50- 100 va).
vi J=3 (A/mm2) cng sut t (100- 200 va).
vi J=2,5 (A/mm2) cng sut t (200- 250 va).
vi J=2 (A/mm2) cng sut t (500- 1000 va).
Vi bin p cng sut thp ta c th chn J= 5-10 (A/mm2)
T ta tnh c thit din ca cun dy s cp v th cp.
thit din ca dy s cp: S1=I1/J
thit din ca dy th cp: S2=I2/J
ng knh ca dy
cun s cp: d1=2.sqrt(S1/3,14)
cun th cp: d2=2sqrt(S2/3,14)
H NI 2012
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Thit k b ngun DC
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2.2, LM7805.
LM7805 l Ic n p u ra +5v
Thng s k thut ca IC 7805
-Dng cc i c th duy tr 1A.
-Dng nh 2.2A.
-Cng sut tiu tn cc i nu khng dng tn nhit: 2W.
-Cng sut tiu tn nu dng tn nhit ln: 15W.
-in th max :20v
Nu vt qu ngng 4 trn 7805 s b chy.
+Thc t ta nn ch dng cng sut tiu tn =1/2 gi tr trn. Cc gi tr cngkhng
nn dng gn gi tr max ca cc thng s trn. Tt nht nn dng <=2/3max. Hn na cc
thng s trn p dng cho iu kin chun nhit 25 C.
+Ta nn hn ch p li vo 7805 gim cng sut tiu tn trn tn nhit+Thc t
p li ra c th t gi tr no trong khong 4.8--5.2 V.
+ tri nhit ca 7805 xp x: 1mv/1 C. N c h s tri nhit m, nn nhit
tng, in p ra s gim.V d: nu 25 C, in p li ra l 4.98V, th rt c th ti 65 , ta
o c th li ra c: 4.94 C.
2.3, LM7905
LM7905 l Ic n p u ra -5v
-Dng cc i c th duy tr 1A
-Dng nh 2.2A.
-Cng sut tiu tn cc i nu khng dng tn nhit: 2W.
-Cng sut tiu tn nu dng tn nhit ln: 15W.
-in th max :20v
Nu vt qu ngng 4 trn 7805 s b chy.
H NI 2012
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Thit k b ngun DC
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2.4, LM317.
y c coi l mt linh kin chuyn i kh l tin dng. Dng chuyn i
in p dng t +1.25 n +37V. V c kh nng cung cp dng qu 1.5A
Hnh dng v xc nh chn ngoi thc t
Thng s ca LM317:
+ in p u vo Vi 40V
+ Nhit vn hnh t = 0 - 125
+ Cng sut tiu th ln nht l 20W
+ Dng in u ra ln nht Imax = 1.5A
+ m bo thng s Vi - Vo 3V
2.5, ICL7107
ICL 7107 l dng IC c nhim v chuyn i t tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s
hin th ln LED 7 vch. i vi mch ny th ta c th o c dng in rt ln
vi 3 gii o : 10A,5A, 2A.
Tn hiu u vo l tn hiu tng t (Nh ngun 1 chiu) tn hiu ny khi vo ICL
7107 s c bin i thnh tn hiu s (0,1) hin th ln m LED 7 vch. IC
ny c dng kh nhiu trong cc b thit b o lng nh o nhit , m ...
H NI 2012
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ICL7107 s dng ngun nui l ngun i xng 5v (+5v: chn 1, -5v: chn 26,
mass: chn 21)
Chn o tn hiu in p vo :
Chn 31: o in p dng
Chn 30: o in p m
H NI 2012
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2.6,Diode bn dn
2.6.1, Cu to diode.
a. Tip gip P - N v Cu to ca Diode bn dn.
Khi c c hai cht bn dn l P v N , nu ghp hai cht bn dn theo mt tip
gip P - N ta c mt Diode, tip gip P -N c c im : Ti b mt tip xc, cc
in t d tha trong bn dn N khuych tn sang vng bn dn P lp vo cc l
trng => to thnh mt lp Ion trung ho v in => lp Ion ny to thnh min
cch in gia hai cht bn dn.
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trn l hnh dng LED7 ngoi thc t v trong mch nguyn l v cu to.
Cu to ca LED chng ta nhn trn rt n gin chng ch gm cc LED n c
xp li vi nhau thnh hnh nh trn hnh v. Cc LED n ny ch chung nhau
Anot hoc Katot v ring nhau cc chn con li Anot hc Katot. Nhim v ca
chng ta l cho sng cc LED n cho n thnh s hay k t n gin.
Hin nay LED 7 c sn xut theo 2 kiu l Anot chung v Katot chung v c
iu khin lm vic tng t nh bm dng hay nut dng ca cc LED n c
trong LED7 (Thng hay thit k theo kiu bm dng cho LED). Thng thng
trong cc mch thit k thc t ngi thit k thng hay s dng loi Anot chung.
Phng php ghp ni l cp dng, o trng thi thng qua m v qut LED
ghp ni vi LED7 c th c nhiu cch, nhng phi m bo sao c th iu
khin tt m ring tng LED n trong to ra cc s v cc k t mong
mun.Cc ICs iu khin u kh kh nng sinh dng km tc l dng u ra ca
cc chn ICs nh hn kh nng nut dng. Do vy, nu ghp ni trc tip cc net
vi cc chn cng IC th loi Anode chung l thch hp hn c. Cn phi ch
dng dn v ICs qu mc chu c th cng khng c v lm nng v dei ICs
iu khin
2.8, in tr.
2.8.1, Khi nim v in tr.
in tr: l s cn tr dng in ca mt vt dn in, nu mt vt dn in tt th
in tr nh, vt dn in km th in tr ln, vt cch in th in tr l v cng
ln.
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in tr ca dy dn :
in tr ca dy dn ph thc vo cht liu, di v tit din ca dy. c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
R = .L / S
Trong l in tr xut ph thuc vo cht liu
L l chiu di dy dn
S l tit din dy dn
R l in tr n v l Ohm
2.8.2, in tr trong thit b in t.
a, Hnh dng v k hiu : Trong thit b in t in tr l mt linh kin quan
trng, chng c lm t hp cht cacbon v kim loi tu theo t l pha trn m
ngi ta to ra c cc loi in tr c tr s khc nhau.
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Cch c in tr 4 vng mu
Vng s 4 l vng cui lun lun c mu nh vng hay nh bc, y l vng ch
sai s ca in tr, khi c tr s ta b qua vng ny.
i din vi vng cui l vng s 1, tip theo n vng s 2, s 3
Vng s 1 v vng s 2 l hng chc v hng n v
Vng s 3 l bi s ca c s 10.
Tr s = (vng 1)(vng 2) x 10 ( m vng 3)
C th tnh vng s 3 l s con s khng "0" thm vo
Mu nh ch c vng sai s hoc vng s 3, nu vng s 3 l nh th s m ca
c s 10 l s m.
* Cch c tr s in tr 5 vng mu : ( in tr chnh xc )
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2
2
x10
2%
3
Cam
3
3
x10
Vng
4
4
x104
Lc
5
5
x105
Lam
6
6
x106
Tm
7
7
x107
Xm
8
8
x108
Trng
9
9
x109
Nh vng
x10-1
5%
-2
Nh bc
x10
10%
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2.9, T in
T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc mch in
t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu, mch truyn tn hiu
xoay chiu, mch to dao ng.
Cu to ca t in :
Cu to ca t in gm hai bn cc t song song, gia c mt lp cch in gi
l in mi.
Ngi ta thng dng giy, gm , mica, giy tm ho cht lm cht in mi v t
in cng c phn loi theo tn gi ca cc cht in mi ny nh T giy, T
gm, T ho.
Cu to t gm, t ha
* Hnh dng ca t in trong thc t
T in trong thc t c rt nhiu loi hnh dng khc nhau vi nhiu loi kch
thc t to n nh. ty vo mi loi in dung v in p khc nhau nn c nhng
hnh dng khc nhau.
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T ha
T gm
* in dung : L i lng ni ln kh nng tch in trn hai bn cc ca t in,
in dung ca t in ph thuc vo din tch bn cc, vt liu lm cht in mi
v khong cch gi hai bn cc theo cng thc
C=.S/d
Trong C : l in dung t in , n v l Fara (F)
: L hng s in mi ca lp cch in.
d : l chiu dy ca lp cch in.
S : l din tch bn cc ca t in.
* n v in dung ca t : n v l Fara (F) , 1Fara l rt ln do trong thc t
thng dng cc n v nh hn nh MicroFara (F) , NanoFara (nF), PicoFara
(pF).
1 Fara = 1000.000 Fara = 1000.000.000n F = 1000.000.000.000 p F
1 Fara = 1000 n Fara
1 n Fara = 1000 p Fara
+ T ho ( l t c hnh tr ) tr s c ghi trc tip trn thn . VD : 10 Micro, 100
Micro , 470 micro vv...
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1, Khi ngun
in p xoay chiu 220v c a vo u dy s cp ca cun bin p v cho
u ra in p xoay chiu 12v. in p xoay chiu ny c a qua diode cu
chnh lu thnh dng in DC12v. dng DC12v c cho qua LM7805 v
LM7905 ly ra in p +5v v -5v cho ta u ra ngun i xng 5v. mt khc li
cho dng DC12v qua IC LM317 ly in p u ra bin i t 1,5v 12v(nh
iu chnh chit p vo chn 1_ADJ ca IC).
2, Khi hin th
Dng ngun i xng 5v nui IC7107. in p ra t IC LM317 c a vo
chn tn hiu vo ca IC 7107 chuyn i tn hiu in (tng t) sang s
(ADC) v hin th gi tr in p o c ra led 7thanh.
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