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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP H NI

N THC TP TT NGHIP

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN


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H Ni, Ngy ...Thng....Nm 2012
Ch K Ca Gio Vin Hng Dn

H NI 2012

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Thit k b ngun DC

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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN


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H Ni, Ngy ...Thng.... Nm 2012


Ch K Ca Gio Vin Phn Bin

H NI 2012

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Mc lc
Trang
Phn I Tng quan v ngun mt chiu DC
6
I Gii thiu chung
...7
1.1, khi nin c bn v dng din
.7
1.2, ng in v in p mt chiu DC
...8
II Mt s mch ngun n p
..10
Phn II Ni dung thit k ..11
I S nguyn l
..11
1.1, Khi ngun ..11
1.2, Khi hin th ..11
II Gii thiu cc linh kin trong mch
11
2.1 bin p
..11
2.2 IC LM7805 ..11
2.3 IC LM7905 ..11
2.4 IC LM317 ..11
2.5 IC 7107
..11
2.6 diode
..11
2.7 led 7thanh ..11
2.8 t in
..11
III Mch in v sn phm thc t
.11
3.1 mch in
.......11
3.1.1 khi ngun
.11
3.1.2 khi hin th
.11
3.2 sn phm thc t ...11
IV Nguyn l hot ng
11
Phn III Hot ng ca b ngun
..11
I Gii thiu hot ng
11
II u im, nhc im
11
III Hng ci tin, pht trin ..11
Ti liu tham kho
11

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Li ni u
Ngy nay, vi nhng ng dng ca khoa hc k thut tin tin, th gii ca chng
ta v ang ngy mt thay i, vn minh v hin i hn. S pht trin ca k
thut in t to ra hng lot nhng thit b vi cc c im ni bt nh s
chnh xc cao, tc nhanh, gn nh l nhng yu t rt cn thit gp phn cho
hot ng ca con ngi t hiu qu cao.
in t p ng c nhng i hi khng ngng t cc lnh vc cng nng
lm ng nghip cho n cc nhu cu cn thit trong hot ng i sng hng
ngy.
Mt trong nhng sn phm thit thc, ph bin, v khng th thiu trong lnh vc
in t v i sng hng ngy l b ngun. V vy, em quyt nh nhn lm
n thit k b ngun DC c u ra thay i hin th bng led 7 on.
Ni dung bo co gm 3 phn:
I Tng quan v ngun mt chiu DC
II Ni dung thit k
III Hot ng ca b ngun

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Li cm n
n 1 ny hon thnh tt p v ng thi gian quy nh ca khoa in t. Kt
qu ny khng ch l s n lc ca c nhn em m cn c s gip ,ng gp
kin chn thnh v qu bo ca qu thy c v cc bn sinh vin.
Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c khoa in t c bit l thy L Vn Thi
gip v ng gp rt nhiu kin qu bo em c th hon thnh tt n
ln ny.
Xin cm n cc bn trong lp tn tnh gip , ng gp kin v cung cp
phng tin, ti liu, mnh thc hin tt n ln ny.
Gio vin hng dn:
Sinh vin thc hin:

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L Vn Thi
o Trung Dng
Phm Hng H

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Phn I: Tng quan v ngun mt chiu DC


I, Gii thiu chung
1 Khi nim c bn v dng in
1.1, Cu trc nguyn t :
hiu v bn cht dng in ta bit rng tt c cc nguyn t u c cu
to ln t cc nguyn t v mi nguyn t ca mt cht c cu to bi hai
phn l
- Mt ht nhn gia cc ht mang in tch dng gi l Proton v cc ht
trung ho in gi l Notron.
- Cc Electron (in t ) mang in tch m chuyn ng xung quanh ht
nhn.
- Bnh thng cc nguyn t c trng thi trung ho v in ngha l s
Proton ht nhn bng s electron bn ngoi nhng khi c tc nhn bn
ngoi nh p sut, nhit , ma st tnh in, tc ng ca t trng .. th cc
in t electron lp ngoi cng c th tch khi qu o tr thnh cc
in t t do.
- Khi mt nguyn t b mt i mt hay nhiu in t, chng b thiu in t
v tr thnh ion dng v ngc li khi mt nguyn t nhn thm mt hay
nhiu in t th chng tr thnh ion m.
1.2, Bn cht dng in v chiu dng in .
Khi cc in t tp trung vi mt cao chng to ln hiu ng tch in
- Dng in chnh l dng chuyn ng ca cc ht mang in nh in t , ion.
- Chiu dng in c quy c i t dng sang m ( ngc vi chiu chuyn
ng ca cc in t i t m sang dng )
2 Dng in v in p mt chiu
2.1. Cng dng in :
L i lng c trng cho mnh yu ca dng in hay c trng cho s lng
cc in t i qua tit din ca vt dn trong mt n v thi gian K hiu l I
- Dng in mt chiu l dng chuyn ng theo mt hng nht nh t dng
sang m theo quy c hay l dng chuyn ng theo mt hng ca cc in t t
do.

n v ca cng dng in l Ampe v c cc bi s :


Kilo Ampe = 1000 Ampe
Mega Ampe = 1000.000 Ampe
Mili Ampe = 1/1000 Ampe
Micro Ampe = 1/1000.000 Ampe
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2.2. in p :
Khi mt cc in t tp trung khng u ti hai im A v B nu ta ni mt dy
dn t A sang B s xut hin dng chuyn ng ca cc in tch t ni c mt
cao sang ni c mt thp, nh vy ngi ta gi hai im A v B c chnh lch
v in p v p chnh lch chnh l hiu in th.
- in p ti im A gi l UA
- in p ti im B gi l UB.
- Chnh lch in p gia hai im A v B gi l hiu in th UAB
UAB = UA UB
- n v ca in p l Vol k hiu l U hoc E, n v in p c cc bi s l
Kilo Vol ( KV) = 1000 Vol
Mili Vol (mV) = 1/1000 Vol
Micro Vol = 1/1000.000 Vol

in p c th v nh cao ca mt bnh nc, nu hai bnh nc c cao khc


nhau th khi ni mt ng dn s c dng nc chy qua t bnh cao sang bnh thp
hn, khi hai bnh nc c cao bng nhau th khng c dng nc chy qua ng
dn. Dng in cng nh vy nu hai im c in p chn lch s sinh ra dng
in chy qua dy dn ni vi hai im t in p cao sang in p thp v nu
hai im c in p bng nhau th dng in trong dy dn s = 0.

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II, Mt s mch ngun n p


Ngun my tnh

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Phn II: Ni dung thit k.


I, S nguyn l.
1.1, Khi ngun.

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1.2,khi hin th.

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II, Gii thiu cc linh kin


2.1, Bin p.

a,Chc nng:
Bin p c th thay i hiu in th xoay chiu, tng th hoc h th, u ra cho
mt hiu in th tng ng vi nhu cu s dng. my bin p c s dng quan
trng trong vic truyn ti in nng i xa. Ngoi ra cn c cc my bin th c
cng sut nh hn, my bin p dng n nh in p trong nh, hay cc cc
bin th, cc xc, dung cho cc thit b in vi hiu in th nh (220v sang 30v,
24v, 5v ,).
b,Cu to:
My bin p c cu to n gin gm c nhng phn sau:

cun dy s cp: y l cun dy u vo. in p u vo c a vo cun dy


ny.
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Cun dy th cp: y l cun dy u ra. in p u ra c ly t cun dy


ny.
Li st hay ferit: y cng l gong cho bin p v l phn cm ng gia hai
cun dy s cp v th cp.
Ch : ch c in p xoay chiu mi truyn c qua bin p v chun nht l
in p hnh sin.
Tnh ton cc thng s ca my bin p.

Xc nh thit din thc ca li st (tr): So (cm2)


Cc l thp hnh ch E ghp li c lp cch in nn do ta phi tr i ci lp
cch in do th thit din thc ca li st s l: So= k.s
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Trong : S l thit din ca phn gia li st (vung hay ch nht): S=a.b (cm2)
(y l thit din tthng mc vng xuyn qua cc b cun dy).
K=0,9 i vi l thp E c b dy l 0,35mm
K=0,93 i vi l thp E c b dy l 0,5mm
K=0,8 0,85 nu l thp b han r v li lm
Cng sut ca bin p theo thit din thc: P=(So/1,1)2 So= sqst(P)/1,1
Thong thng mi ngi hay chn li hnh vung hay ch nht nn ta c rng
ca bn: c=sqrt(So)
T ta chn cng sut bin p cn qun xc nh c kch thc ca li st.
Tnh s vng/von :nv
Ci ny ta phi chn cm ng t B hay t thong v da theo cng thc tnh sc
in ng ta s tnh dc s vng/von: nv=45/B.So (v/von)
y th 45 l h s ph thuc vo tn s v bn cht li c gi tr t 30 n 45
nhng thng trn 45.
B l cm ng t, n c chn theo l thp k thut in ty thuc vo lng silic
trong thp nhng thng gi tr ca B t 1T n 1,2T v c khi 1,4T n 1,6T.
Xc nh s vng dy qun.
N1=U1.nv
N2=1,1.U2.nv
Trong :
1,1 :l gi tr chnh lch cng sut do tn tht.
N1: s vng cun dy s cp.
N2: s vng cun dy th cp.
U1: in p u vo.
U2: din p u ra.
Tnh ton tit din ca dy cun th cp v s cp.
Tit din ca dy cun c chn theo mt dng in J. mt dng in J
c chn ph hp ph hp vi iu kin lm vic v nhit ca dy dn
trong khong cho php.
Mt s cch chn mt dng nhit theo cng sut:
vi J=4 (A/mm2) cng sut t (0- 50 va).
vi J=3,5 (A/mm2) cng sut t (50- 100 va).
vi J=3 (A/mm2) cng sut t (100- 200 va).
vi J=2,5 (A/mm2) cng sut t (200- 250 va).
vi J=2 (A/mm2) cng sut t (500- 1000 va).
Vi bin p cng sut thp ta c th chn J= 5-10 (A/mm2)
T ta tnh c thit din ca cun dy s cp v th cp.
thit din ca dy s cp: S1=I1/J
thit din ca dy th cp: S2=I2/J
ng knh ca dy
cun s cp: d1=2.sqrt(S1/3,14)
cun th cp: d2=2sqrt(S2/3,14)
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2.2, LM7805.

LM7805 l Ic n p u ra +5v
Thng s k thut ca IC 7805
-Dng cc i c th duy tr 1A.
-Dng nh 2.2A.
-Cng sut tiu tn cc i nu khng dng tn nhit: 2W.
-Cng sut tiu tn nu dng tn nhit ln: 15W.
-in th max :20v
Nu vt qu ngng 4 trn 7805 s b chy.
+Thc t ta nn ch dng cng sut tiu tn =1/2 gi tr trn. Cc gi tr cngkhng
nn dng gn gi tr max ca cc thng s trn. Tt nht nn dng <=2/3max. Hn na cc
thng s trn p dng cho iu kin chun nhit 25 C.
+Ta nn hn ch p li vo 7805 gim cng sut tiu tn trn tn nhit+Thc t
p li ra c th t gi tr no trong khong 4.8--5.2 V.
+ tri nhit ca 7805 xp x: 1mv/1 C. N c h s tri nhit m, nn nhit
tng, in p ra s gim.V d: nu 25 C, in p li ra l 4.98V, th rt c th ti 65 , ta
o c th li ra c: 4.94 C.
2.3, LM7905
LM7905 l Ic n p u ra -5v
-Dng cc i c th duy tr 1A
-Dng nh 2.2A.
-Cng sut tiu tn cc i nu khng dng tn nhit: 2W.
-Cng sut tiu tn nu dng tn nhit ln: 15W.
-in th max :20v
Nu vt qu ngng 4 trn 7805 s b chy.

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2.4, LM317.
y c coi l mt linh kin chuyn i kh l tin dng. Dng chuyn i
in p dng t +1.25 n +37V. V c kh nng cung cp dng qu 1.5A
Hnh dng v xc nh chn ngoi thc t

Thng s ca LM317:
+ in p u vo Vi 40V
+ Nhit vn hnh t = 0 - 125
+ Cng sut tiu th ln nht l 20W
+ Dng in u ra ln nht Imax = 1.5A
+ m bo thng s Vi - Vo 3V
2.5, ICL7107
ICL 7107 l dng IC c nhim v chuyn i t tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s
hin th ln LED 7 vch. i vi mch ny th ta c th o c dng in rt ln
vi 3 gii o : 10A,5A, 2A.
Tn hiu u vo l tn hiu tng t (Nh ngun 1 chiu) tn hiu ny khi vo ICL
7107 s c bin i thnh tn hiu s (0,1) hin th ln m LED 7 vch. IC
ny c dng kh nhiu trong cc b thit b o lng nh o nhit , m ...
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ICL7107 s dng ngun nui l ngun i xng 5v (+5v: chn 1, -5v: chn 26,
mass: chn 21)
Chn o tn hiu in p vo :
Chn 31: o in p dng
Chn 30: o in p m
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2.6,Diode bn dn
2.6.1, Cu to diode.
a. Tip gip P - N v Cu to ca Diode bn dn.
Khi c c hai cht bn dn l P v N , nu ghp hai cht bn dn theo mt tip
gip P - N ta c mt Diode, tip gip P -N c c im : Ti b mt tip xc, cc
in t d tha trong bn dn N khuych tn sang vng bn dn P lp vo cc l
trng => to thnh mt lp Ion trung ho v in => lp Ion ny to thnh min
cch in gia hai cht bn dn.

Mi tip xc P - N => Cu to ca Diode .


* hnh trn l mi tip xc P - N v cng chnh l cu to ca Diode bn dn.

K hiu v hnh dng ca Diode bn dn.


b. Phn cc thun cho Diode.
Khi ta cp in p dng (+) vo Ant ( vng bn dn P ) v in p m (-) vo
Katt ( vng bn dn N ) , khi di tc dng tng tc ca in p, min cch
in thu hp li, khi in p chnh lch gi hai cc t 0,6V ( vi Diode loi Si )
hoc 0,2V ( vi Diode loi Ge ) th din tch min cch in gim bng khng =>
Diode bt u dn in. Nu tip tc tng in p ngun th dng qua Diode tng
nhanh nhng chnh lch in p gia hai cc ca Diode khng tng (vn gi mc
0,6V )

Diode (Si) phn cc thun - Khi Dode dn


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in p thun c gim mc 0,6V

ng c tuyn ca in p thun qua Diode


Kt lun : Khi Diode (loi Si) c phn cc thun, nu in p phn cc thun <
0,6V th cha c dng i qua Diode, Nu p phn cc thun t = 0,6V th c dng
i qua Diode sau dng in qua Diode tng nhanh nhng st p thun vn gi
gi tr 0,6V .
c. Phn cc ngc cho Diode.
Khi phn cc ngc cho Diode tc l cp ngun (+) vo Katt (bn dn N), ngun
(-) vo Ant (bn dn P), di s tng tc ca in p ngc, min cch in
cng rng ra v ngn cn dng in i qua mi tip gip, Diode c th chiu c
in p ngc rt ln khong 1000V th diode mi b nh thng.

Diode ch b chy khi p phn cc ngc > = 1000V


2.6.2, Diode cu.

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Diode cu c dng chnh lu dng in xoay chiu thnh dng in mt chiu


.
2.6.3, Diode Zener
Cu to : Diode Zener c cu to tng t Diode thng nhng c hai lp bn dn
P - N ghp vi nhau, Diode Zener c ng dng trong ch phn cc ngc, khi
phn cc thun Diode zener nh diode thng nhng khi phn cc ngc Diode
zener s gim li mt mc in p c nh bng gi tr ghi trn diode.

2.6.4, Diode Pht quang ( Light Emiting Diode : LED )


Diode pht phang l Diode pht ra nh sng khi c phn cc thun, in p lm
vic ca LED khong 1,7 => 2,2V dng qua Led khong t 5mA n 20mA
Led c s dng lm n bo ngun, n nhy trang tr, bo trng thi c in .
vv...

2.7, Led 7 thanh


LED 7 thanh c dng nhiu trong cc mch hin th thng bo, hin th s, k t
n gin... LED 7 c cu to t cc LED n sp xp theo cc thanh nt c
th biu din cc ch s hoc cc k t n gin nh t s 0 n 9 v A n F ch
hn. LED 7 thanh dng hin s th rt p v d nhn. Ty vo kch thc ca s
v k t m mi thanh c cu to bi mt hay nhiu LED n. Cc LED n
c ghp v c t tn bng cc ch ci a...g v c mt du chm dot ( du
chm ny c th sng v tt ty theo yu cu) c cu to bi 1 LED n. Qua
ngi ta ch cn 8 bit tng ng vi 8 LED n iu khin c v hin th s
t 0 n 9 v cc k t t A n F

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trn l hnh dng LED7 ngoi thc t v trong mch nguyn l v cu to.
Cu to ca LED chng ta nhn trn rt n gin chng ch gm cc LED n c
xp li vi nhau thnh hnh nh trn hnh v. Cc LED n ny ch chung nhau
Anot hoc Katot v ring nhau cc chn con li Anot hc Katot. Nhim v ca
chng ta l cho sng cc LED n cho n thnh s hay k t n gin.
Hin nay LED 7 c sn xut theo 2 kiu l Anot chung v Katot chung v c
iu khin lm vic tng t nh bm dng hay nut dng ca cc LED n c
trong LED7 (Thng hay thit k theo kiu bm dng cho LED). Thng thng
trong cc mch thit k thc t ngi thit k thng hay s dng loi Anot chung.
Phng php ghp ni l cp dng, o trng thi thng qua m v qut LED
ghp ni vi LED7 c th c nhiu cch, nhng phi m bo sao c th iu
khin tt m ring tng LED n trong to ra cc s v cc k t mong
mun.Cc ICs iu khin u kh kh nng sinh dng km tc l dng u ra ca
cc chn ICs nh hn kh nng nut dng. Do vy, nu ghp ni trc tip cc net
vi cc chn cng IC th loi Anode chung l thch hp hn c. Cn phi ch
dng dn v ICs qu mc chu c th cng khng c v lm nng v dei ICs
iu khin
2.8, in tr.
2.8.1, Khi nim v in tr.
in tr: l s cn tr dng in ca mt vt dn in, nu mt vt dn in tt th
in tr nh, vt dn in km th in tr ln, vt cch in th in tr l v cng
ln.

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in tr ca dy dn :
in tr ca dy dn ph thc vo cht liu, di v tit din ca dy. c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
R = .L / S
Trong l in tr xut ph thuc vo cht liu
L l chiu di dy dn
S l tit din dy dn
R l in tr n v l Ohm
2.8.2, in tr trong thit b in t.
a, Hnh dng v k hiu : Trong thit b in t in tr l mt linh kin quan
trng, chng c lm t hp cht cacbon v kim loi tu theo t l pha trn m
ngi ta to ra c cc loi in tr c tr s khc nhau.

Hnh dng ca in tr trong thit b in t.

K hiu ca in tr trn cc s nguyn l.


b, n v ca in tr
n v in tr l (Ohm) , K , M
1K = 1000
1M = 1000 K = 1000.000
c, Cch c in tr .
Cc in tr c kch thc nh c ghi tr s bng cc vch mu theo mt quy
c chung ca th gii.( xem hnh trn )
Cc in tr c kch thc ln hn t 2W tr ln thng c ghi tr s trc tip
trn thn. V d nh cc in tr cng xut, in tr s.

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Tr s cng xut ln , tr s c ghi trc tip.


in tr thng c k hiu bng 4 vng mu , in tr chnh xc th k hiu
bng 5 vng mu.
* Cch c tr s in tr 4 vng mu :

Cch c in tr 4 vng mu
Vng s 4 l vng cui lun lun c mu nh vng hay nh bc, y l vng ch
sai s ca in tr, khi c tr s ta b qua vng ny.
i din vi vng cui l vng s 1, tip theo n vng s 2, s 3
Vng s 1 v vng s 2 l hng chc v hng n v
Vng s 3 l bi s ca c s 10.
Tr s = (vng 1)(vng 2) x 10 ( m vng 3)
C th tnh vng s 3 l s con s khng "0" thm vo
Mu nh ch c vng sai s hoc vng s 3, nu vng s 3 l nh th s m ca
c s 10 l s m.
* Cch c tr s in tr 5 vng mu : ( in tr chnh xc )

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Vng s 5 l vng cui cng , l vng ghi sai s, tr 5 vng mu th mu sai s c


nhiu mu, do gy kh khn cho ta khi xc inh u l vng cui cng, tuy
nhin vng cui lun c khong cch xa hn mt cht.
i din vng cui l vng s 1
Tng t cch c tr s ca tr 4 vng mu nhng y vng s 4 l bi s ca
c s 10, vng s 1, s 2, s 3 ln lt l hng trm, hng chc v hng n v.
Tr s = (vng 1)(vng 2)(vng 3) x 10 ( m vng 4)
C th tnh vng s 4 l s con s khng "0" thm vo
Quy c mu Quc t
Vng s 1
Vng s 2
Vng s 3
Vng s 4
0
en
0
0
x10
Nu
1
1
x101
1%
2

2
2
x10
2%
3
Cam
3
3
x10
Vng
4
4
x104
Lc
5
5
x105
Lam
6
6
x106
Tm
7
7
x107
Xm
8
8
x108
Trng
9
9
x109
Nh vng
x10-1
5%
-2
Nh bc
x10
10%
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2.9, T in
T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong cc mch in
t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu, mch truyn tn hiu
xoay chiu, mch to dao ng.

Cu to ca t in :
Cu to ca t in gm hai bn cc t song song, gia c mt lp cch in gi
l in mi.
Ngi ta thng dng giy, gm , mica, giy tm ho cht lm cht in mi v t
in cng c phn loi theo tn gi ca cc cht in mi ny nh T giy, T
gm, T ho.

Cu to t gm, t ha
* Hnh dng ca t in trong thc t
T in trong thc t c rt nhiu loi hnh dng khc nhau vi nhiu loi kch
thc t to n nh. ty vo mi loi in dung v in p khc nhau nn c nhng
hnh dng khc nhau.

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T ha

T gm
* in dung : L i lng ni ln kh nng tch in trn hai bn cc ca t in,
in dung ca t in ph thuc vo din tch bn cc, vt liu lm cht in mi
v khong cch gi hai bn cc theo cng thc
C=.S/d
Trong C : l in dung t in , n v l Fara (F)
: L hng s in mi ca lp cch in.
d : l chiu dy ca lp cch in.
S : l din tch bn cc ca t in.
* n v in dung ca t : n v l Fara (F) , 1Fara l rt ln do trong thc t
thng dng cc n v nh hn nh MicroFara (F) , NanoFara (nF), PicoFara
(pF).
1 Fara = 1000.000 Fara = 1000.000.000n F = 1000.000.000.000 p F
1 Fara = 1000 n Fara
1 n Fara = 1000 p Fara
+ T ho ( l t c hnh tr ) tr s c ghi trc tip trn thn . VD : 10 Micro, 100
Micro , 470 micro vv...
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+ T giy v t gm ( hnh dt ) tr s c k hiu trn thn bng ba s VD : 103J,


223K, 471J vv... Trong ba s u k hiu cho gi tr , ch J hoc K cui k k
hiu cho sai s .
+ C mt cch k hiu khc VD .01J, .22K, nu k hiu nh vy th ly n v l
Micro : .01J ngha l 0,01 Micro = 10 Nano, .022K l 0,022 Micro = 22 Nano
* K hiu : T in c k hiu l C (Capacitor)
Trn cc mch in t in c k hiu rt n gin v chng ta c th d dng nhn
thy c
K hiu ca t in trn s nguyn l.
Cch c tr s - ngha in p
1. S phng np ca t in .
Mt tnh cht quan trng ca t in l tnh cht phng np ca t , nh tnh cht
ny m t c kh nng dn in xoay chiu.
T in s phng in t dng cc sang m cc (Nhiu pc hiu nhm l n
phng in xung t khng phi l n phng in qua ti sau v cc m ca t
in). in dung ca t cng ln th thi gian tch in cng lu
2. Cch c tr s nghi trn t
* Vi t ho : Gi tr in dung ca t ho c ghi trc tip trn thn t
=> T ho l t c phn cc (-) , (+) v lun lun c hnh tr . Trn thn c ghi du
(-) dc theo thn t l cc m ca t ha
T ho ghi in dung l 185 F / 320 V . Cc t khc th tng t!
* Vi t giy , t gm : T giy v t gm c tr s ghi bng k hiu
T gm ghi tr s bng k hiu.
Cch c : Ly hai ch s u nhn vi 10(M s th 3 )
V d t gm bn phi hnh nh trn ghi 474K ngha l
gi tr = 47 x 10 4 = 470000 p ( Ly n v l pic Fara)
= 470 n Fara = 0,47 F
Ch K hoc J cui l ch sai s 5% hay 10% ca t in .
* Thc hnh c tr s ca t in.
Cch c tr s t git v t gm .
C = 101nF. k=5%
Ch : ch K l sai s ca t .
50V l in p cc i m t chu c.
* T giy v t gm cn c mt cch ghi tr s khc l ghi theo s thp phn v ly
n v l MicroFara
C=0.01uF ; K= 5% ; U=100V

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Ngoi ra cc pc cn gp nhng loi t in khc nhau na c. Cc laoij t in


ny ch ghi s trn thn t in nh l t t . Nu m t no m nghi mi s khng
th :
+ nu m c 3 s : hai ch s u l s c ngha nhn vi th 3 l s m 10 ca
s v n v l pF
+ Nu m c 2 s : th hai s ny c ngha lun v n v ca n l pF
3. ngh ca gi tr in p ghi trn thn t :
Ta thy rng bt k t in no cng c ghi tr s in p ngay sau gi tr in
dung, y chnh l gi tr in p cc i m t chu c, qu in p ny t s b
n.
Khi lp t vo trong mt mch in c in p l U th bao gi ngi ta cng lp t
in c gi tr in p Max cao gp khong 1,4 ln.
V d mch 12V phi lp t 16V, mch 24V phi lp t 40V. vv...
III, Mch in v sn phm thc t.
3.1, Mch in.
3.1.1, khi ngun

3.1.2, khi hin th

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3.2, Sn phm thc t.


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IV, nguyn l hot ng


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1, Khi ngun
in p xoay chiu 220v c a vo u dy s cp ca cun bin p v cho
u ra in p xoay chiu 12v. in p xoay chiu ny c a qua diode cu
chnh lu thnh dng in DC12v. dng DC12v c cho qua LM7805 v
LM7905 ly ra in p +5v v -5v cho ta u ra ngun i xng 5v. mt khc li
cho dng DC12v qua IC LM317 ly in p u ra bin i t 1,5v 12v(nh
iu chnh chit p vo chn 1_ADJ ca IC).
2, Khi hin th
Dng ngun i xng 5v nui IC7107. in p ra t IC LM317 c a vo
chn tn hiu vo ca IC 7107 chuyn i tn hiu in (tng t) sang s
(ADC) v hin th gi tr in p o c ra led 7thanh.

Phn III: Hot ng ca b ngun.


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I, Gii thiu hot ng.


1, Khi ngun
in p xoay chiu 220v c a vo u dy s cp ca cun bin p v cho
u ra in p xoay chiu 12v. in p xoay chiu ny c a qua diode cu
chnh lu thnh dng in DC12v. dng DC12v c cho qua LM7805 v
LM7905 ly ra in p +5v v -5v cho ta u ra ngun i xng 5v. mt khc li
cho dng DC12v qua IC LM317 ly in p u ra bin i t 1,5v 12v(nh
iu chnh chit p vo chn 1_ADJ ca IC).
2, Khi hin th
Dng ngun i xng 5v nui IC7107. in p ra t IC LM317 c a vo
chn tn hiu vo ca IC 7107 chuyn i tn hiu in (tng t) sang s
(ADC) v hin th gi tr in p o c ra led 7thanh.
II, u im, nhc im.
1, u im.
Mch gn nh, t linh kin, chi ph thp, nguyn l hot ng n gin, d s dng.
2, Nhc im.
B ngun cn thiu cc linh kin bo v qu ti, chp chy nh relay, cu ch nn
d gy chy, hng v khng an ton.
III, Hng ci tin, pht trin.
Cn b xung thm cc linh kin bo v qu ti v chp chy cho b ngun nh
relay, cu ch.

Ti liu tham kho


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Gio trnh: mch in t _ trng i hc cng nghip h ni.


Website:
http://www.dientuvietnam.net
http://machdientu.net/

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