Cng ngh ho hc

Chng7: Sn Xut in ho
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Cc ni dung c bn
v

Cc qu trnh in ho. in phn cc dung dch mui n sn xut Clo v Xt in phn dch nng lng-Sn xut nhm Sn xut Axit Clohydric
22

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I Cc qu trnh in ho

in ho l qu trnh sn xut trong cc phn ng ho hc(phh) xy ra di tc ng ca dng in mt chiu

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u v nhc im ca phng php

u im
q

Nhc im
q

Qu trnh cng ngh n gin. S dng trit nguyn liu & nng lng. C th thu c sp c tinh khit cao.
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Tiu tn kh nhiu nng lng(in nng)

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I.1 Hiu sut theo dng

l t s lng cht Gtt nhn c thc t vi lng cht Glt ng l nhn c theo L Faraday

Gtt = 100% Glt

Glt= I..E/1000 ( kg) I: Cng dng in phn( A) E: ng lng in ho- lng cht tch ra trn in cc khi cho 1A.h i qua.
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: thi gian in phn (h)

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V d: f dd NaOH. E=1,492 = 24h

I=15500 A b f c Nacl. Sau f thu 4200lit dd cha I . .E 15500.24.1, 492 555 125g NaOH = trong 1 lit= dd. Tnh ? 1000 1000 Gii: Glt=
125.4200 = 525 1000 100 = 94, 6%

kg kg

Gtt= 525
555

= Trong thc t hiu sut theo dng lun nh hn 100%

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I.2 H s s dng nng lng

l t s gia lng in l thuyt cn thit Wlt nhn c mt v sn phm vi lng in thc t Wtt Vtt.I . Wlt = = 100% (7.3) Wt Wtt Gtt (7.5)

Wlt=lt.I./Glt. (7.4)

lt tt: hiu in th cn cho b in phn.(V) = tt

%
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lt: hiu in th phn hu l thuyt.(V)

Trn l thuyt, f cn bt u khi no in th vo b f va ln hn in th l thuyt 1 lng rt b. Vlt=a_cb = 0 R.T lnth in cc cn k_cb. Cc C bng tnh theo pt Nernst: z.F R-hng s kh l tng R=8314(kj/kg.mol.k) T-nhit tuyt i K z-s in tch ion F-hng s Faraday 96500 C/lg
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C-nng lg/l

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II. in phn cc dd mui n Sn xut Clo v NaOH

II.1 Gii thi sn phm v ng dng. II.2 Nguyn liu II.3 in phn NaCl trong b Catt thp, Anot Graphit. II.4 in phn NaCl trong b Catt thu ngn v Anot Graphit.

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II.1 Sn phm & ng dng

v

Clo ( ) l cht c, k bnh thng l kh mu vng lc. T si: -33,6C T ng lnh -102C. Clo c ng dng rng ri trong CN ho cht: tng hp cht hu c, CN luyn kim. NaOH l tinh th c tan tt trong nc, c s dng trong: CN du m, nu x phng, SX giy.

Hydro L kh, nh. Tsi: -252,8C. ng dng rng ri trong cc ngnh CN: SX ru, SX Amoniac, lm sch cc SP du ho. 4/22/12 1111

II.2 Nguyn Liu

q

Dung dch mui n ly trc tip t nc bin hoc ho tan mui. DD mui n lun ho tan tp cht mui Canxi, Magi gy nguy hi cho b in phn, ta phi x l bng dd Xa v sa vi, sau lng lc. C th dng 2 loi b f: loi K thp A graphit c mng ngn, v loi K thu ngn.
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II.3 in phn dd NaCl trong b Kthp A graphit

II.3.1 L thuyt NaCl Na + Cl Katot +H 2 0 + e = H + OH

2Cl 2e = Cl2

Anot

NaOH = Na+ + OH

2 H 2 0 + 2 NaCl Cl2 + H 2 + 2 NaOH

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Bnh thng th in cc phng in ion OH- l +0,41V, cn th in cc phng in in Cl l +1,36. Trong dd NaCl bo ho ta c: RT 0, 082.298.2,3 o 7 acb = ln C = 0, 41 lg10 = 0,82V zF 1.96000 Khi nng NaCl l 4,6lg/l, th phng in l: = o RT ln C = 0, 41 0, 082.298.2,3 lg 4, 6 = 1,32V acb zF 1.96000

Vy khi in phn ta dng dd NaCl m c: 310-315(g/l)

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Hiu sut theo dng%

S ph thuc hiu sut theo dng vo nng kim trong dd Katt 1515

II.3.2 B in phn cng nghip

Trong Cng nghip b in phn c mng lc c dng rt ph bin.

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II.4.1 L thuyt

II.4 in phn dung dch NaCl Trong b Katt thu ngn Ant Graphit

2Cl 2e Cl2 Trn Anot: 1 NaHg Trn Katot: n + H 2 0 = NaOH + 2 H 2 + nHg

in phn THp ny tin hnh in th 4,3-4,4V Cho php nhn sp m c hn in th tch Hydro cao hn 1,7-1,85V
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II.4.2 S nguyn tc

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II.2.5 So snh 2 b in phn

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Kt Lun:
1.

B K thu ngn tiu tn nng lng hn do s dng in th cao hn. Loi thit b ny cng knh v cn u t vn ln. B thu ngn cho Sp l kim c hn, v khng cha mui. Ta dng loi b ny khi cn Sn Phm tinh sch v m c.Vd:sn xut si Visco.
2020

2.

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III. in phn dch nng lng Sn xut Nhm.

v v v v

Gi thiu SP v ng dng Nguyn liu Quy trnh Sn xut Nhm Phng hng pht trin CN sn xut Nhm

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III.1 Gii thiu Sp v ng dng

Nhm: kim loi nh mu trng sng, l kim loi ph bin nht trn Th gii. Nhm dn in, nhit tt, khng b han r trong khng kh nh lp oxit bn bc bn ngoi. Nhm c s dng rt rng trong i sng, t dn dng cho n chuyn dng: c, cc chi tit mycc hp kim nhm c nhiu tnh nng u vit: Duyra, Silumin
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III.2 Nguyn liu

Nguyn liu trc tip SX nhm: oxyt nhm Cc qung nhm: Boxit, nefelin, alunit Nguyn liu SX nhm phi c sch cao Qu trnh sn xut nhm l phc tp v tn rt nhiu in nng.
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III.3 Qu trnh SX nhm

Qu trnh SX nhm l Qu trnh in 3 fn 02 phn dch nng 03 ng: Al2 l c 2 2Al + Al 0

Na AlF6 Trn thc t 3dd nng lng gm Al2 03 ho tan trong kriolit . Dch ny chy lng nhit thp hn nguyn cht.

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S b in phn Ant t chy

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III.4Phng hng pht trin

v

Th gii
v

CNSX nhm

Sn xut Nhm theo bt c cch no cng tiu tn nhiu in nng. Ta phi xy nh my khu vc c ngun in di do: Nam Phi, Trung Quc, Nga Trong tng lai nhu cu v nhm s cn gia tng, v cc nh my nhm Chu u s khng th cnh tranh c cc nc giu ngun lc khc.
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III.4Phng hng pht trin

v

Vit Nam
v

CNSX nhm

Vit Nam l nc c tr lng qung nhm ln, tp trung min Nam, Ty Nguyn. Nhng chng ta yu km v mt cng ngh, v thiu in nng hot ng cc nh my SX nhm

Hin nay, v trong tng lai gn, VN s hp tc vi Trung Quc khai thc ch thnh Alumin, sau ta s pht trin theo chiu su sn xut nhm phc v 4/22/12 nhu cu trong nc. 2929
v

IV Sn xut Axit Clohydric(HCl)

v

v v

Tnh cht ho l v ng dng Nguyn liu Phng php sn xut

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IV.1 tnh cht ho l& ng dng

HCl l cht kh khng mu, tan trong nc to ra dd Axit, tnc=-114,2C, ts=-85C. HCl l axit mnh HCl s dng ch yu trong tng hp cc cht hu c: thuc nhum mu anilin, thu phn h tinh bt sx ru, sx PVC. Ngoi ra cn s dng trong CN m, hn kim loi. Theo tiu chun quc gia HCl sx phi 4/22/12 nng khng di 27,5% v 3131 c

IV.2 Phng php Sn Xut

Tng qut ca Sx HCl chia ra 2 giai on: iu ch kh HCl v hp th kh HCl trong nc to dd HCl. Trong cng nghip c 2 cch ph bin SX kh HCl 2 NaCl + H 2 SO4 Na2 SO4 + 2 HCl 68, 25kJ Cl2 + H 2 2 HCl + 184, 2kcal

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Cl2 + H 2 2 HCl + 184, 2kcal Hng s vn tc k ca P ph thuc nhit . P 2

K cb =

HCl

phn cc p).

PH 2 .PCl2

P: p sut ring cu t(hot

9586 lg K P = 0, 44 lg T + 2,16 T

nh hng ca nhit c biu din:

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Hp th kh HCl bng nc

S hp th ca HCl vo nc s km theo s to nhit. Mun c dd m c ta phi dn nhit ca qu trnh hp th ra ngoi. Cc thit b thng c s dng: Thp m hp th lm t gm, thch anh, cht do. Trn th gii c xng phng php hp th on nhit ly nhit b li cho nhit dng ho hi n 4/22/12 c. 3434

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