Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45

LI GII THIU
Trong thi i bng n thng tin v pht trin x hi nh hin nay th vic giao lu
mi mt gia cc quc gia trn th gii, cc khu vc hay n gin ch l cc vng trn cng mt
lnh th l rt cn thit. Vic giao lu c th din trn nhiu phng thc nh: thng tin v
tinh, thng tin quang, hay thng tin vi ba sSong truyn bng sng v tuyn trn cc ng
vi ba gi mt vai tr quan trng, v c s dng nhiu lnh vc khc nhau: pht thanh, truyn
tin, an ninh, ng b hay d phng.
u im ni bt ca hnh thc thng tin sng ngn hay vi ba s n gin cht lng
vn m boNhng nhc im ca hnh thc ny l thng tin khng n nh v chu nhiu
nh hng ca mi trng, c bit l hin phainh. Do vy m vic thit k tuyn vi ba i hi
phi c th v chnh xc.
L mt sinh vin, vic thit k mt tuyn truyn vi ba s gip cho em c thm cc k
nng v t duy v k nng thc t, t gip chng em c th cng c v m rng kin thc
chuyn ngnh, c bit l kh nng tnh ton, phn tch v x l s liu ph hp vi thc t.
Bi thit k c chia lm hai phn chnh:
-Phn l thuyt: nu ln cc yu cu thit k v trnh t thc hin thit k tuyn
- Phn thit k: Nu cc tnh ton thc t v kim tra cht lng ng truyn
Bi thit k c thc hin trong thi gian ngn, v nhng hiu bit cn hn ch. Do vy
khng th trnh khi nhng sai st. Qua y , em xin gi li cm n chn thnh n thy gio
Lu c Thun, v c gio Nguyn Diu Linh a hng dn em hon thnh bi tp ny.

THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
1
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45

PH LC

Trang
M U 2
A: PHN L THUYT 3
I. Mc tiu v yu cu:
1. Mc tiu k thut 3
2. Mc tiu kinh t 3
3. Quy nh chung cho thit k tuyn vi ba s 4
4. Tnh ton cc thng s 4
II. Cc bc thit k tuyn vi ba s 4
1. Kho st v tr t trm 4
2. Chon tn s lm vic 5
3. Tnh cao Anten 6
4. Tnh cc nhn t nh hng v cc tham s 8
a. Cc nhn t nh hng n ng truyn 8
b. Cc tham s ng truyn 8
5. Cc thng s cht lng ng truyn 9

B: PHN THIT K TUYN VI BA
I.Cc thng s ca tuyn v c tnh thit b 10
1. Cc thng s ca tuyn 10
2. Cc thng s ca thit b 11
II. Tnh ton cc gi tr ng truyn 11
1. li qu t 11
2. Khong h ng truyn 12
3. cao ct Anten 13
4. Suy hao h thng 13
5. Cc gi tr ca thit b thu pht 14
III. Kim tra cht lng ng truyn
1. d tr Phainh 14
2. Mc ngng my thu 14
3. Xc sut t ti ngng 14
4. Thi gian Phainh 14
5. Xc sut Phainh phng 14
6. Kh nng s dng ca tuyn 15
KT LUN CHUNG 16



THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
2
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
: THIT LP TUYN VI BA S T H NI _THI NGUYN

A. PHN L THUYT:
I. Muc tiu v yu cu :
Khi thit k tuyn truyn dn vi ba s th chng ta phi m bo cc ch tiu k thut ca
tuyn t ra, p ng cc yu cu phc v, v m bo tnh kinh t .
1. Mc tiu v k thut :
m bo cc tiu chun k thut theo CCITR, tc l thi gian gin on cho php. Theo
, xc sut li bt cho php ca tuyn truyn vi ba s l BER< 10
-3
vi cc tuyn di nh hn
280 km.
kh dng Av ca h thng ( tc l kh nng cng tc ca h thng) c m bo khi thit
k:
- 99,98 % thi gian lm vic tt. C th nh: Nu l lin lc thoi th trong 3 thng bt k
khng c qu 30 cuc thoi b gin on.
- Cng thc tnh kh dng ca h thng theo CCITR (99.98%) l:

) *
100
* 2500 ( 100
2 1
S
b
T
T T T
L
A
+

Trong :
A: kh dng ca h thng
L : Chiu di tuyn thit k
T
1
: Thi gian gin on ca mt hng (s)
T
2
: Thi gian gin on ca hng ngc li(s)
Tb: Thi gian mt lin lc khi pht 2 hng song cng
Ts: Tng thi gian nghin cu(s)
2. Mc tiu kinh t:
Vi bt k h thng k thut no u tun th theo quy lut tng tc gia chi ph u t
v hiu qu ca sn xut c th hin qua cht lng ca sn phm. H thng vin thng cng
vy. Nu t s BER m thp th cht lng dch v s tng, v nh vy th chi ph u vo s
cao. Vy mc ch kinh t u tin l thit k tuyn c cht lng cao m chi ph hp l nht
Do vy, ngi thit k phi tnh ton chnh xc cc thng s k thut theo tiu chun quy
nh, tnh ton n mc ch s dng ca h thng v c tnh hnh ti chnh ca n v thi cng,
t la chn thit b cho ph hp, nhm trnh lng ph v t hiu sut cao nht.
Vic thit k tuyn vi ba s gia VTI v bu in thnh ph Thi Nguyn l cn thit, bi n kt
ni t trung tm thng tin lin lc v cc tnh l, nhm ph sng trn din rng, p ng nhu cu
ca nhn dn, c bit l vng su v vng xa, ni c a hnh phc tp. Tuy nhin vic lp t
trm l kh khn hn do a hnh phc tp v c mt s khu vc ng dn c. V vy, vic tnh
ton chi ph phi chi tit v c th tn dng nhng iu kin c.
3. Mt s quy inh chung cho thit k tuyn Vi ba s:
Vic thit k mt tuyn thng tin ni chung v vi ba s ni chung cn da trn mt s quy
nh sau:
- D n bo co kh thi c cp c thm quyn ph duyt
- H s kho st, thuyt minh chnh xc v ni dung xy lp v cc tiu chun k thut yu
cu.
- Cc tiu chun, quy trnh, quy phm ca ngnh quy nh.
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
3
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
- Cc nh mc, d ton c lin quan p ng cho vic thit k, thit k phi da trn kho
st thc a.
- Vic la chn tn s khi khai thc s c ng k vi cc tn s.
- An ton cho thit b v ngi khai thc
4. Tnh ton cc thng s:
+ Tnh ton ng truyn dn
+ Tnh ton ch tiu cht lng
+ Tnh ton thi gian mt thng tin
+ Lp t thit b, anten, a h thng vo hot ng th nghim kim tra.
II Cc bc thit k tuyn truyn vi ba s

1.Kho st v tr t trm:
+ Xc nh tuyn trn bn ( trn bn a hnh ca khu vc xy dng trm)
+ To nn cc bn v mt ct nghing ca tuyn
T cc yu cu thc t ca mt tuytn vi ba gm: v tr trm, khong cch trm, dung lng
truyn dn, a hnh tuyn s i qua ta tin hnh nh du hai u cui ca trm trn bn
ca S o c xc nh chnh xc kinh , v ca mi trm. Cc thng s to ny c
s dng iu chnh cc anten mi trm trong giai on lp t thit b. K hiu trn bn :
trm A l trm th nht v trm B l trm th hai. Sau v mt mt ct nghing ca ng
truyn.

Mc d mt t c cong nhng n gin trong tnh ton ngi ta thng v mt ct
nghing ng vi h s bn knh hiu dng ca tri t l k=4/3.
Phng trnh sau cho ta xc nh ch li ca mt t:
1000
2
1
2 1
k r
d d
h

Do r l bn knh qu t, r= 6370 [km]
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
4
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
Ei =
4. 1. 2
51.
d d
k
[m]
k l h s bn knh ca qu t
d1, d2 [km]: ln lt l khong cch t trm A v trm B n im ang
xt li ca mt t.
Ei: l li thc ca mt t ti im ang xt.
ha
1
: chiu cao ct anten ca tram A
ha
2
: Chiu cao ct anten ca tram B
Nh vy trn mt nghing ny th hin c b mt ca a hnh. Ngoi ra n cng th hin
c c cao ca cy ci cc vt chn trn ng truyn ni hai trm A, B chng hn nh cc
g, i, cc nh co tng i vi khong truyn dn di, cong ca mt t ln th cn phi
tnh ton n nng ca v tr trm. nng c v dc cc ng thng ng nn khng i
dc theo ng bn knh xut pht t tm qu t.

2.Chn tn s lm vic:
Cng vic ny lin quan n vic chn thit b cho tuyn v lin quan n tn s sng v
tuyn ca cc h thng ln cn. Vic la tn s phi trnh can nhiu vi cc tn s khc tn
ti xung quanh khu vc, xem xt c th b tr vic phn cc anten nh th no cho hp l. Khi
s dng cc thit b th gi tr cc tiu chun c chn theo khuyn ngh ca CCIR.
V mt ct ng truyn v tnh cc thng s lin quan
Tnh khong cch tia truyn pha trn vt chn
Sau khi chn c tn s lm vic cho tuyn, ta tnh min Fresnel th nht. l min c
dng hnh elip t anten pht n anten thu; l mt mi trng vy quanh tia truyn thng. ng
bin ca min Fresnel th nht to nn qu tch sao cho bt k tn hiu no i n anten thu qua
ng ny s di hn so vi ng truyn trc tip mt na bc sng (/2) ca tn s sng
mang. Min bn trong ca elip th nht ny gi l min Fresnel th nht. Nu tn ti mt vt cn
ra ca min Fresnel th nht th sng phn x s lm suy gim sng trc tip, mc suy
gim tu thuc vo bin ca sng phn x. Do vic tnh ton i vi min Fresnel th nht
i hi c tnh chnh xc vic thng tin gia hai trm khng b nh hng ng k bi bc
sng phn x ny. Bn knh ca min Fresnel th nht (F1) c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
[ ] [ ] m fd d d
d
d d
F
2 / 1
2 1
2
) /( 32 , 17 1
d1, d2 [km]: ln lt l khong cch t trm A v trm B n im bn
knh min Fresnel c tnh ton.
D [km] l khong cch hai trm, d=d1+d2
F l tn s sng mang [Ghz].
Trong thc t, thng gp ng truyn i qua nhng a hnh khc nhau c th chn min
Fresnel th nht gy nn tn hao trn ng truyn. cc loi a hnh ny c th c vt chn
hnh nm trn ng truyn v cc loi chng ngi khc. Hnh di ch ra m hnh ca vt
chn trn ng truyn dn, trong F1 l bn knh min Fresnel th nht, F l khong h thc;
l khong cch gia tia trc tip v mt vt chn hnh nm ti a im tnh ton min Fresnel
th nht. Theo cc ch tiu thit k v khong h ng truyn c khuyn ngh th cao ti
thiu ca anten phi m bo sao cho tn hiu khng b nhiu x bi vt chn nm trong min
Fresnel th nht l F=0.577F1 (khong 60% F1C=0,6)
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
5
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
3.Tnh chn chiu cao ca thp anten:
tnh chiu cao ca thp anten th trc tin phi xc nh c cao ca tia v tuyn
truyn gia hai trm. Trn c s ca cao tia c tnh cao ti thiu ca thp anten
thu c tn hiu.
Biu thc xc nh cao ca tia v tuyn nh sau:
B=E(k) + (O+T) +CF1
=
df
d d
C T O
k
d d
2 1
2 1
32 , 17 ) (
51
4
+ + +

'

[ ] m

Trong :
d,d1,d2,f c dng nh trong cng thc
k: l h s bn knh ca qu t,k=4/3.
c:l h sh ,C=1
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
6
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45

Thng thng th cao ca tia B c tnh ton ti im c mt vt chn cao nht nm gia
tuyn.
Tnh cao ca anten lm h mt vt chn nm gia tuyn. bc kho st, ta xc
nh cao ca hai v tr t trm so vi mt nc bin tng ng l h1 v h2. Ta s tnh cao
ca ct anten cn li khi bit trc cao ca mt ct anten.

[ ]
1 2 2 2 2 2 1
) / ( ) ( h d d ha h B ha h ha + + +
[m]

[ ]
2 1 2 1 1 1
) / ( ) ( h d d ha h B ha h ha + + +
[m]

ha
1
, ha
2
[m]: cao ca mt trong hai anten cn tnh
d1, d2 [km]: khong cch t mi trm n v tr tnh ton cao ca tia B
h1, h2 : cao so vi mc nc bin ca trm A v trm B
y l s bit ha
1
tnh ha
2
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
7
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45

y l s bit ha
2
tnh ha
1
m bo cho h thng hot ng khng chu nh hng ca cc yu t trong tng lai th
cao anten phi s dng mt khong d phng:ph
1
v ph
2.
Lc di thc ca anten phi
l:
har
1
= ha
1
+ ph
1
[m]

2 2 2
ph ha har +
[m]
Vi d phng t 0,6- 5 m
4 :Tnh ton cc nhn t nh hng v cc tham s ca ng truyn
a.:Tnh ton cc nhn t nh hng n ng truyn:
Cng sut tn hiu truyn gia trm pht v trm thu b suy hao trn ng truyn. s mt
mt cng sut ny do cc yu t gy nhiu ng truyn:
+ d tr fadinh phng: tc ng ca fadinh l lm thay i mc ngng thu ca my
thu, khi b nh hng ca fadinh phng my thu c th nhn c tn hiu rt yu t ng
truyn v c th lm gin on thng tin nu trng hp fadinh. d tr fadinh phng Fm
(dB) lin quan n mc tn hiu thu khng fadinh W0 (dB) v mc tn hiu thu c thc t thp
W(dBm) trc lc h thng khng cn hot ng tnh theo biu thc:

Fm = 10lg(W0/W)dB = [W0(dBm) W(dBm) ] [dB]

+ Fadinh la chn: ch yu nh hng n cc h thng viba s c dung lng trung
bnh (34Mb/s) v dung lng cao (140Mb/s)
+ Tiu hao do ma: cng vi fadinh l cc nh hng truyn lan ch yu cc tuyn v
tuyn tm nhn thng trn mt t lm vic cc tn s trong di tn GHz. Tiu hao do ma tng
nhanh theo s tng ca tn s s dng c bit vi cc tn s trn 35GHz thng suy hao nhiu ,
do m bo th khong cch lp phi nh hn 20Km.
b.Tnh ton cc tham s ca tuyn :
Cc tham s s dng trong tnh ton ng truyn: mc suy hao trong khng gian t do, cng
sut pht, ngng thu, cc suy hao trong thit b c vai tr quan trng xem xt tuyn c
hot ng c hay khng v hot ng mc tn hiu no.
+ Tn hao khng gian t do (A
0
): l tn hao ln nht cn phi xem xt. y l tn hao do
sng v tuyn lan truyn t trm ny n trm kia trong mi trng khng gian.

THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
8
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
A
0
= 20lg

d 4
= 20lg
c
df 4
(
f
c

)
A
0
= 92,5 + 20lg(f) + 20lg(d) [dB]
vi f: tn s sng mang [GHz]
d: di tuyn [km]
+ Tn hao phi : khi tnh ton suy hao ny th phi cn c vo mc suy hao chun c
trc bi nh cung cp thit b.
V d: phi s dng loi WC 109 c mc tiu hao chun l 4,5dB/100m v cng vi 0,3dB suy
hao ca vng trn chuyn tip ng dn sng th tn hao phi my pht (Ltxat) v my thu
(Lrxat) l:

LTxat = 1,5har1.0,045 + 0,3 [dB]
LRxat = 1,5har2.0,045 + 0,3 [dB]
+ Tn hao r nhnh: tn hao ny cng c cho bi nh cung cp thit b. Mc tn hao ny
thng khong (2 8)dB.
+ Tn hao hp th trong kh quyn:khi tnh ton mc suy hao ny da theo cc ch tiu
khuyn ngh cc nc Chu u. Chng hn i vi h thng thng tin v tuyn 18,23 v
38GHz th mc suy hao chun Lsp0 c cho trong khuyn ngh vo khong 0,04dB/km 0,19
dB/m khi tn hao cho c tuyn truyn dn c xc nh l:

Lsp = Lsp0.d

Vi d: khong cch ca tuyn tnh bng km

Phng trnh cn bng cng sut trong tnh ton ng truyn:
Pt = Pr + G At [dB]
Pt: l cng sut pht
At: tn hao tng = tn hao trong khng gian t do + tn hao phi
+tn hao r nhnh + tn hao hp th kh quyn
G: tng cc li = d li ca anten A + li ca anten B
Pr: cng sut ti u vo my thu
5.Tnh ton cc tham s cht lng ca tuyn
Cht lng ng truyn c nh gi da trn t s BER. Cc t s BER thng c s
dng trong viba s l: BER = 10
3
v BER = 10
6
tng ng vi 2 mc ngng RXa v RXb.
a. d tr pha dinh ng vi RXa v RXb l FMa v FMb:
FMa = Pr RXa vi BER = 10
3
FMb = Pr RXa vi BER = 10
6

b.Xc sut pha dinh phng nhiu tia (P0)
P0 = KQ.f
B
.d
C
Trong : KQ = 1,4.10
8
; B = 1 ; C = 3,5 l cc tham s lin quan n iu kin lan
truyn , s dng cc gi tr theo khuyn ngh ca CCIR.
c. Xc sut t n ngng thu RXa ; RXb.
Pa =
10
10
a
FM
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
9
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
Pb =
10
10
b
FM
Trong FMa v FMb l d ch pha dinh tng ng vi cc t s BER
d. Khong thi gian pha dinh: Ta v Tb l cc gi tr c trng cho khong thi gian tn ti
pha dinh tng ng vi FMa v FMb :
Ta = C2.10
1
]
1

10
2 a
FM
.
2

f
Tb = C2.10
1
]
1

10
2 b
FM
.
2

f
vi C2 = 10,3d ;
5 , 0
2

;
5 , 0
2

ly theo khuyn ngh.
e. Xc sut pha dinh phng di hn 10 giy
P(Ta

10) = P(10) = 0,5[1 erf(Za) ] = 0,5erf(Za)

P(Tb

60) = P(60) = 0,5[1 - erf(Zb) ] = 0,5erf(Zb)

Vi Za = 0.548ln(10/Ta) ; Zb = 0,548ln(10/Tb)
Vi erf(t) = 1 erf(t)
Trong : erf(t) =
dt e
t
t

0
2 2

l hm sai s
f. Xc sut BER vt 10
3
: th hin s gin on thng tin nhng trong thi gian khng qu
10s.
xc sut (BER > 10
3
) = P0.Pa = P0.10
10
a
FM
g. Xc sut mch tr nn khng th s dng c do pha dinh phng (Pu):
Pu = P0.Pa.P(10)
h. Kh nng s dng tuyn: c biu th bng phn trm v c xc nh theo Pu:
Av = 100(1 Pu)
i. Xc sut mch c BER
6
10

:
Xc sut (BER
6
10

) = P0.Pb = P0.
10
10
b
FM

j. Xc sut mch c BER
6
10

trong hn 60s do pha dinh phng:

xc sut (BER
6
10

) trong 60s = P0.Pb.P(60)

B: PHN THIT K TUYN VI BA:
Ta tin hnh thit k h thng vi ba s gia Trung tm vin thng lin tnh quc t VTI v
Bu in tnh Thi Nguyn. Nh vy th Trm VTI l trm A, cn trm Thi Nguyn s l trm
B.
To ca trm VTI( trm A) l: 21
0
017,56s N v 105
0
4828,6sE
To trm Thi Nguyn( Trm B) l: 21
0
337,49s N v 105
0
5210,17sE
I . Cc thng s ca tuyn v c tnh ca thit b

1. Cc thng s ca tuyn:
Qua qu trnh kho st thc a cho ta cc thng s ca tuyn nh sau:
- Tng di tuyn truyn l 60 km
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
10
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
- Cch Trm VTI 10km c to nh cao nht ( 20 tng), to nh cao nht l 70 m
- a hnh i ni c cao trung bnh l khong 7_10m
- cao trm A(VTI ) so vi mc nc bin l 15m, Trm B(Thi Nguyn) l 20m
- Nhit trung bnh hng nm l 25
o
C
- Lng ma trung bnh hng nm l 200mm/h
- K= 4/3 v C= 1 ( theo kin ngh CCIR)
- Chn cao anten ca trm Thi Nguyn l 60m ( Tram Thi Nguyn cn tnh )
Trm VTI ( A) Trm Thi Nguyn(B)
K/Cch t im cao nht 10km 50km
cao so vi mc nc bin 15m 20m
Chn cao ct anten Cn tnh 65m
T ta c s mt ct nghing ca tuyn tuyn nh sau:
Trong :
h1, h2: cao trm A v trm B so vi mc nc bin
ha
1,
ha
2
: cao ct anten tram A. B
Ei: li qu t
d1, d2 khong cch t trm A, B n im cao nht ca tuyn truyn
F = CF
1
: i khong h
Trm A Trm B
2. Cc thng s ca thit b
Ta chn cc thit b lm vic ca tuyn c cc thng s nh sau:
- Tn s lm vic ca trm VTI l: 4,85 Ghz v tn s lm vic ca trm Thi Nguyn
l 5,15 Ghz Tn s lm vic trung tm l 5Ghz.
- Cng sut trm pht l : 36 dbm
- Ngng thu BER = 10
-6
l -87 db
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
CF
1
d
1
=10 d
2
=50
E
i
T
r
h
a2
O
r
h
a1
h
1
h
2
d=60km
11
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
- Chn Anten Parabol c khu D= 2,4m v li G = 42,5 db ( Do chon tn s lm
vic l 5Ghz th ta suy ra bc sng = c/f; do ta tnh c li l G = 20logD/, nn ta
chn anten nh vy).
- ng dn sng WC 42 l 1 db/km ( tnh s suy hao)
- Dung lng l 2*2 Mb/s
II. Tnh ton cc gi tr ng truyn:
1. li qu t:

k
d d
E
i
2 1
.
51
4

thay s vo ta c
Ei = 4.10.50/51(4/3) = 29,41m

2. Bn knh th nht ca min Frensen th nht F1:
y chnh l bn trc ca Parapolloit ca min Frensen th nht l :


d f
d d
F
.
.
. 32 , 17
2 1
1

thay s vo ta c: ( tn s trung tm l f= 5Ghz)

F1 = 17,32
10.50
5.60
= 22,33 m
Khong h ng truyn (F1- CF1) l khong an ton cho truyn sng truyn m t b
phading v nhiu x. Nn khong h ng truyn cng ln th cht lng tuyn truyn cng
cao
( F1- CF1) vi C = 0,6 nn ta c:
( F1- CF1) = 22,33. 0,4 = 8,932m
3. Tnh chiu cao ct anten tai trm VTI
Ta c cng thc tnh cao cn thit ca tia v tuyn l:
Bi = E(k) + (O+T) + CF1
Khng c vt chn hnh nm, cy ci thp hn to nh nn:
O + T = 70 (m)
thay cc gi tr vo ta c: Bi = 70 + 8,932 + 29,41 = 108,342m
Theo cng thc tnh cao ca trm cn li th:
cao ca trm VTI l: ha1 = (h2 + ha2)+ [B- (h2 + ha2)]d/d
2
- h1
= (65 + 20) +( 108,342 85)*60/50 - 15
= 98 (m)
Thc t ta phi cng thm vo gi tr tnh ton mt khong d phng, ta chn khong d phng
l 0,6 m. Nn thc t th cao ct anten l:
Ct trm VTI (A) l 98 + 0,6 = 98,6m
Ct trm Thi Nguyn l 65 + 0,6 = 65,6m
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
12
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
4. Tnh suy hao ca h thng:
a.Tn hao khng gian t do:
A
0
= 92,5 + 20lg(f) + 20 lg(d)
v i f: tn s trung tm
d : khong cch gia hai trm
Thay s vo ta c:
A
0
= 92,5 + 20log5 + 20log60
= 142,04 db
b. T n hao Feerder ( Phi ) L
Do s dng loi phi WC42 c tiu hao l 1db/km suy hao l 0,001db/m, v xt
vi d phng l 0,3db
Ltxat =1,5.har1 . 0,001 + 0,3
= 1,5. 98,6.0,001 + 0,3
= 0,448db
Lrxat = 1,5 har2 . 0,001+ 0,3
= 1,5.65,6.0,001 + 0,3
= 0,398db
c.Tn hao r nhnh
Theo quy nh ca CCIR th tn hao r nhnh trong quy nh l t 2-8 db. V ta da vo cc
thng s k thut ca thit b thu- ph t, Do ta chn suy hao r nhnh l cho mi pha l 4db
d.Tn hao hp th kh quyn l:
Lsp = d. Lsp
0
Lps
0
l hp th kh quyn ti tn s f = 5Ghz, tra bng c Lps
0
= 0,19db/km
thay s vo ta c: Lps = 60.0,19 = 11.9db
e. Tn hao b phi hp tr khng v u ni l 0.5dB cho 1 trm Tiu hao ca c hai b l
1db.

5. Cc gi tr ca thit b:
-. khuch i( li ) G
Chn Anten lm vic c h s khuch i l 42,5 db, m c hai pha u phi dng Anten, nn
tng khuch i l c hai pha l : G = 2.Go = 2. 42,5 = 85db
- Tng tiu hao ca c tuyn (At) = Tiu hao ng truyn + tiu hao phio + tiu hao r nhnh
+ tiu hao hp th kh quyn + tiu hao phi hp tr khng
At = 142,04 + 0,448 + 0,398 + 4.2 + 11,9 + 1 = 163,786db
- Vy tng cng sut u vo my thu Pr l :
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
d
1
=10km
d
2
=50km
D= 60km
h
a2
=65,6m
h
a1
=98,6m
B
i
13
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45
Pr = Pt + G At
Pr = 85 + 36 163.786 = - 42,786db

Ta c: Theo thng s cht lng my thu th vi t s li bt BER = 10
-6
, ngng thu ti thiu
l -87 db. M ta tnh ton c -42,786db >> -87db, nn coi nh cht lng l m bo.
III. Kim tra cht lng ng truyn:
1. d tr phainh Fm
Vi t s BER = 10
-6
, nn c ngng thu RX = -87db, nn:
Fm = Pr - RX
Fm = -42,786 - (-87) = 44,214db
2. Cc mc ngng my thu: Do d = 60 km ( d< 280km) nn BER < 0.006 % thng bt k
Xc sut Pha inh nhiu tia: p dng cng thc Po = KQ.f
b
.d
c
Vi KQ = 1,4 10-8, B =1, C=3,5 (Theo kin ngh) => Po = 1,4.10
-8
.5.60
3,5
= 11,71.10
-3
3.Xc sut t ti ngng: Pa = 10
10
Fma
= 10
-44,214/10
= 10
-4,4
= 10
2,6
10
-7
= 389,1.10
-7
4. Thi gian pha inh l: Ta : Ta = C2.10
10
Fm
.f

Vi C2 = 10,3*d, = = -0.5 ly theo khuyn nghi

thay s vo ta c:
Ta = 10,3* 60*10
-2,2
.5
-0,5
= 1,74 s
5. Xc sut pha inh phng di hn 60s :
Vi t l li BER = 10
-6
th xt xc xut li xut hin ln hn 60s l:
P(t>60) = P(60) = 0,5.(1- erf Za)
Za = 0,548.ln10/1,74 = 0,954216
vi erf(t) = ta dng phng php gn ng tnh ra c
erf(t = 60) = 0,157299
Vy xc xut xut hin li vi BER = 10
-6
trong khong thi gian trn 60s l:
P(t>60) = 0,5 . 0,157299.0,954216 = 0,0747
6.Kh nng s dng tuyn truyn Av:
Av = (1- Pu).100%
Trong : Pu l xc xut mch tr ln khng s dung c v tnh bng cng thc sau:
Pu = Po. Pa.P(60)
V i: Pa.Po l xc sut mch c BER> 10
-6

Pa.Po = 389,1. 10
-7
. 11,71.10
-3
= 4,556361.10
-7
Vy kh nng hiu dng ca tuyn vi tiu chun BER cho trc BER = 10
-6
l:
Pu = 4,556361.10
-7
. 0,07347 = 0,39875.10
-7

Av = (1- Pu)100% = (1- 0,39875.10
-7
)100% = 99,9960225%
Do vy kh nng hiu dng ca tuyn l ln v t yu cu.
THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
14
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45

KT LUN CHUNG

Vic truyn bng ng truyn vi ba s, tuy cht lng khng tt v n nh bng ng
truyn hu tuyn nh cp ng trc, quang Nhng vic tnh ton thit k n gin hn v chi
ph xy dng ca mt h thng l thp hn. Mt khc, vi nhng tuyn truyn c ly ngn th
vic s dng ng truyn vi ba s tn dng c hiu qu m cht lng vn m bo.
Thit k tuyn vi ba s tun theo cc quy nh vi cc bc tnh ton r rng, nhng
mang tnh hin thc th phi bm st vo thc t. Theo bi thit k tng i hon chnh ca h
thng vi ba s trn, vi vic la chn cc thit b cng nh tnh ton ng truyn l tng i
chnh xc, tho mn cc tiu chun ca CCITR.. do vy n c th a vo thc t. Mt khc vi
vic thit k nh vy cng m bo cc ch tiu v kinh t, ph hp vi iu kin ca t nc
hin c. Hy vng rng n s c p dng vo thc t


THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
15
Bi tp ln VI BA S Nhm 6_KTVTA45


THIT K TUYN TRUYN VI BA S H NI_ THI NGUYN VI BER = 10
-6
16