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Question :
Student Answer:
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1. Question :
Student Answer:
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Geography BEST is described as an Earth science a human science a physical science a spatial science
Earth is best described as a geoid, because it is not a perfectly shaped sphere. True (see "Earth as a geoid" section on p. 15) False
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If you were standing at 20&#-80; north latitude you would MOST appropriately be described as being within which latitudinal geographic zone? subarctic midlatitude equatorial
Student Answer:
subtropical 1 of 1
Earth's diameter is
Student Answer:
about 10,000 km (6,000 mi.). about 20,000 km (12,000 mi.). about 40,000 km (24,000 mi.).
Which of the following is a major theme in geography? places & regions human-environment interaction location movement
True
False 1 of 1
Global Positioning System (GPS) units not available to the public; they are only available to the military. currently only accurate to within about 10 meters. an important device for collecting geographic data that can have a wide use of applications.
Which of the following is FALSE of scientific theories? They are based on several hypotheses They are broad in scope because they unify several known facts about the world
They are usually based on blind guesses and mere faith by the scientist that they are true
They are based on natural laws (such as those pertaining to gravity, relativity, atomic theory, etc.)
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Student Answer:
energy derived from inside Earth. radiant energy from the Sun. utilities and oil companies.
The most extreme northern and southern parallels to experience perpendicular rays of the Sun at local noon are located at
Student Answer:
90-80; north and south. 23.5-80; north and south. 45-80; north and south.
Which of the following is true of the length (as measured in kilometers) of a degree of latitude? It is constant at all latitudes. It is longer near the equator than near the poles. It is shorter near the equator than near the poles. It is shorter near the prime meridian than near the international dateline. 1 of 1
A parallel of latitude is used to measure distances east and west of the equator. is a line which passes through both poles. is also called a meridian.
When looking at the Earth's energy budget by latitude, which region is considered to be one of energy surplus (i.e., it is the area that receives the most insolation on average)?
If you wanted a map with a lot of detail of a small area you would want a "small scale" map.
True False 1 of 1
New resources and matter are being added to Earth's systems all the time.
True False 0 of 1
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major "spheres"? lithosphere cryosphere biosphere
Map projections, such as Mercator and Robinson, preserve all of Earth's properties of area, shape, direction, proximity, and distance, correctly. True False (No map projection can preserve all of Earth's properties correctly--i.e., they all distort at least one of these properties) 1 of 1
Student Answer:
Points Received:
Comments:
CHAPTER 3, 4, 5
1. The fact that nature produces more pollution than humans do means that anthropogenic pollution is insignificant, and we need not worry about it (Points : 1) True False 2.
Which of the following would be true for the net radiation balance in a midlatitude location?
(Points : 1)
There is a surplus of Net R during the summer and a deficit during the winter.
There is a deficit of Net R during the summer and a surplus during the winter.
The season at which surpluses and deficits occur varies from one year to the next.
3. Based on the criteria of composition, the atmosphere is divided into two broad regions: the ionosphere and the ozonosphere (Points : 1) True False 4.
In general, as distance from the subsolar point increases, the average annual insolation decreases and the average annual temperature increases
(Points : 1) True False 6. The ozone layer protects Earth's surface from most of the incoming ultraviolet radiation (Points : 1) True False 7. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is higher than it has ever been for the last 800,000 years (Points : 1) True False 8. A vertical air current that is generated by temperature-induced density differences is an example of heat transfer by: (Points : 1) advection
convection conduction diffusion 9. The reflective quality of a surface is called its albedo and is expressed as a percentage, with 100% referring to a surface that reflects the maximum amount of insolation. (Points : 1) True False 10. Approximately fifty percent of the atmosphere is compressed by gravity below an elevation of 5500 m (18,000 ft) (Points : 1) True False 11.
The principal controls and influences of temperature patterns include
(Points : 1)
Earth's tilt, rotation, revolution, and sphericity latitude, altitude, land-water land-water heating differences, cloud cover, ocean currents, and surface conditions land-water heating differences only specific heat only
12.
The analogy of comparing Earth's atmosphere to a greenhouse is exactly how the Earth-atmosphere system operates.
13. Atmospheric circulation ultimately connects all places on Earth to one another (Points : 1) True False 14.
As the kinetic energy of the air increases, its temperature is unaffected.
(Points : 1) True False 15. The principal gases of the homosphere (by volume) are nitrogen, helium, and argon. (Points : 1) True False 16. Clouds moderate temperatures producing lower daily maximums and higher nightly minimums. (Points : 4) True False 17. Insolation is the only source of energy that is ultimately responsible for heating the atmosphere and driving weather phenomena. (Points : 1) True False 18. The normal lapse rate for temperature decreases is an average of 3&#-80;C per 1000 m (Points : 1) True False 19. The single most important control on temperature (Points : 1) latitude altitude land-water differences
evaporation 20.
Given that the temperature of the thermosphere is more than 1200 C (2000 F), it would melt a spacecraft that stayed within it.
Chapters 5, 6, 7
1. Question : Student Answer:
cirrostratus Which of the following is a middle-level cloud type?
stratocumulus
cumulonimbus
altostratus
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cirrostratus
stratocumulus
cumulonimbus
altostratus
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cirrostratus
stratocumulus
cumulonimbus
altostratus
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cirrostratus
stratocumulus
cumulonimbus
altostratus
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The effect of the Coriolis force is enhanced in the upper atmosphere because there is less friction.
True False 1 of 1
True False
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Population growth and wasteful water usage threaten to produce water shortages in many nations of the world.
True False 1 of 1
Which cloud type is specifically a good indicator of an arriving storm, say within the next 24 hours?
Student Answer:
cirrus 1 of 1
The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is
Student Answer:
adiabatic
stability
conditional instability
stasis
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6. Question :
The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is
Student Answer:
adiabatic
stability
conditional instability
stasis
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6. Question :
The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is
Student Answer:
adiabatic
stability
conditional instability
stasis
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6. Question :
The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is
Student Answer:
adiabatic
stability
conditional instability
stasis
1 of 1
6. Question :
The general term that refers to the tendency of a parcel of air to either remain in place or change its initial position is
Student Answer:
adiabatic
stability
conditional instability
stasis
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South America
Points Received:
China 1 of 1
the water in the river cools off faster at night than the land does.
some evaporation may occur from the river, thereby supplying moisture to the cooler atmosphere.
both B and C
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the water in the river cools off faster at night than the land does.
some evaporation may occur from the river, thereby supplying moisture to the cooler atmosphere.
both B and C
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the water in the river cools off faster at night than the land does.
some evaporation may occur from the river, thereby supplying moisture to the cooler atmosphere.
both B and C
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the water in the river cools off faster at night than the land does.
some evaporation may occur from the river, thereby supplying moisture to the cooler atmosphere.
both B and C
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the water in the river cools off faster at night than the land does.
some evaporation may occur from the river, thereby supplying moisture to the cooler atmosphere.
both B and C
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Student Answer:
highest temperature of the day.
dew-point temperature.
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9. Question :
A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the
Student Answer:
highest temperature of the day.
dew-point temperature.
0 of 1
9. Question :
A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the
Student Answer:
highest temperature of the day.
dew-point temperature.
0 of 1
9. Question :
A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the
Student Answer:
highest temperature of the day.
dew-point temperature.
0 of 1
9. Question :
A mass of air always becomes saturated when it reaches the
Student Answer:
highest temperature of the day.
dew-point temperature.
0 of 1
True False 1 of 1
True False 1 of 1
It is impossible to say what the normal relationship between potential and actual evapotranspiration would be in a desert.
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In winter, freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks. Why does this happen?
Student Answer:
Water expands in volume as it freezes in response to hydrogen bonding.
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12. Question :
In winter, freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks. Why does this happen?
Student Answer:
Water expands in volume as it freezes in response to hydrogen bonding.
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12. Question :
In winter, freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks. Why does this happen?
Student Answer:
Water expands in volume as it freezes in response to hydrogen bonding.
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12. Question :
In winter, freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks. Why does this happen?
Student Answer:
Water expands in volume as it freezes in response to hydrogen bonding.
1 of 1
12. Question :
In winter, freezing water can break pipes and even crack engine blocks. Why does this happen?
Student Answer:
Water expands in volume as it freezes in response to hydrogen bonding.
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An area of high pressure circulates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and is called an anticyclone.
True False 0 of 1
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The lower limit of water in the zone of aeriation is the water table.
True False 1 of 1
Which of the following is true of the distribution of land and water on Earth?
There is more land than water over the surface of the Earth
Which of the following is true of the distribution of land and water on Earth?
There is more land than water over the surface of the Earth
Which of the following is true of the distribution of land and water on Earth?
There is more land than water over the surface of the Earth
Which of the following is true of the distribution of land and water on Earth?
There is more land than water over the surface of the Earth 17. Question : Student Answer:
A geologic unit composed of clay would make a better aquifer than one composed of sand and gravel.
True False 1 of 1
The ten largest rivers in the world combined, in terms of discharge, exceed the total groundwater resource.
True False 1 of 1
The moist adiabatic rate (MAR) is less than the dry adiabatic rate (DAR) as a result of the release of the latent heat of
Student Answer:
True False 1 of 1
Which of the following is true of the hydrologic cycle? The bulk of the precipitation occurs over land.
Most of the water that falls on the continents is derived from the oceans.
C and D
Chapters 8, 9, 10
1. Question : Student Answer: The boundary between the crust and the rest of the lithospheric upper mantle is a discontinuity known as the Gutenberg. mantle. Moho. Points Received: Comments: 2. Question : Student Answer: After a threshold is crossed, the landscape remains unstable thereafter. adjusts to a new equilibrium condition. lithospheric layer. 1 of 1
looks identical to the landscape that existed prior to the crossing of the threshold. Points Received: Comments: 3. Question : Student Answer: Which of the following is matched correctly? granite - metamorphic basalt - sedimentary marble - metamorphic Points Received: Comments: 4. Question : Student Answer: The convex upper portion of a typical slope is called a pediment. debris slope. waxing slope. Points Received: Comments: 5. Question : Student Answer: An element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic, natural compound is called a tectonic rock. granitic compound. mineral. Points Received: Comments: 6. Question : Student Answer: A topographic region that is characterized by local relief of more than 100 m (325 ft.), but less than 600 m (2000 ft.), is considered a plain. high tableland. carbonite. 1 of 1 free face. 1 of 1 sandstone - igneous 1 of 1 Any of the above are equally likely to occur. 1 of 1
hill or low tableland. Points Received: Comments: 7. Question : Student Answer: The steepness of a slope made of loose material is called the height of the slope. angle of repose. mass movement gradient. Points Received: Comments: 8. Question : Student Answer: The history of life on Earth is chronicled in which type of rock? igneous metamorphic sedimentary Points Received: Comments: 9. Question : Student Answer: Which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in Earth, from the surface to the center? crust, core, lower mantle, aesthenosphere aesthenosphere, lower mantle, crust, core crust, lower mantle, aesthenosphere, core Points Received: Comments: 10. Question : Student Answer: The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on element composition. mineral composition. three specific rock-forming processes; i.e., the manner in which crust, aesthenosphere, lower mantle, core 1 of 1 mineral 1 of 1 the speed of the particles. 1 of 1 mountain. 1 of 1
they formed. Points Received: Comments: 11. Question : Student Answer: Which of the following is true of joints? Joints are small, localized fault planes along which movement occurs. Joints enable more water to move through the ground. Joints enhance the rate of weathering. Points Received: Comments: 12. Question : Student Answer: Which of the following is incorrectly matched? denudation - endogenic tectonic uplift - endogenic heavy rainfall - exogenic Points Received: Comments: 13. Question : Student Answer: The process of isostatic adjustment is most closely associated with which of the following? lithospheric plate collisions volcanic activity sea-floor spreading Points Received: Comments: 14. Question : Student Answer: Because of the processes responsible for the formation of the Himalayan Mountains, the crust in this region of the world has been shortened. extended. buoyancy 1 of 1 weathering and erosion - exogenic 1 of 1 Both B and C. 1 of 1 relative and absolute locations. 0 of 1
folded. Points Received: Comments: 15. Question : Student Answer: The dynamic equilibrium model refers to a balancing act between tectonic uplift and rates of denudation by weathering and erosion in a given landscape. a theory involving the cyclic or evolutionary development of a landscape. a sequential development of landforms. Points Received: Comments: 16. Question : Student Answer: A rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as sedimentary. metamorphic. igneous. Points Received: Comments: 17. Question : One side of a sand dune is typically steeper than the other side. The steepest slope is controlled by the angle of repose for sand and most materials, which is about __________. 15 34 47 Points Received: Comments: 18. Question : What type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks? 66 1 of 1 basalt. 1 of 1 an important concept first stated by William Morris Davis. 1 of 1 both A and C 1 of 1
Student Answer:
Student Answer:
granite 1 of 1
Which of the following is incorrect relative to hot spots across Earth's surface? Hot spots can occur beneath both oceanic and continental crust. They always remain fixed in relationship to the migrating plates. They are responsible for the formation of the HawaiianEmperor Islands chain. Hot spot activity formed Iceland, which sits atop a sea-floor spreading ridge in the North Atlantic 1 of 1
Foreshocks may be caused by the breaking of some asperities before the main movement occurs. small movements that occur when some rocks break in limited areas of a fault plane prior to the main movement. a limited number of lapilli breaking prior to the main movement. all of the above.
Chapters 14, 15
1. The E horizon is dominated by __________, whereas the B horizon is dominated by __________. (Points : 1) eluviation; illuviation eluviation; podzolation illuviation; eluviation laterization; illuviation 2. If humus were lost from the soil due to excessive farming or soil erosion, which of the following could occur? (Points : 1) loss of soil structure loss of fertility loss of water-holding capacity all of the above 3. Which of the following is true of valley glaciers? (Points : 1) The snowfield sources for these glaciers are usually found right at the snowline. They occur in an unconfined environment like an open plain. They may range in length from 100 m (325 ft.) to 100 km (62 mi.). They remain stationary and do not move. 4. A mixture of decomposed organic matter in soil that is usually dark in color is called (Points : 1) regolith. polypedon. humus. mineral matter. 5. A continuous mass of ice covering a large landmass is known as a (Points : 1) tidal glacier. mountain glacier. continental glacier. valley glacier.
6. A soil order characteristic of the Amazon Basin is a(n) (Points : 1) Alfisol. Aridisol. Spodosol. Oxisol. 7. Which of the following is not an adaptation to living in periglacial regions? (Points : 1) buildings placed directly on frozen, hard surfaces water and sewage lines in elevated trays above the ground raised oil pipelines above the frozen ground careful maintenance of rail tracks and roadbeds in the summer 8. At present, which of the soil orders of Soil Taxonomy occupy the most land area in the United States? (Points : 1) Oxisols Aridisols Mollisols Spodosols 9. Which of the following would not be found in an alpine glacial valley? (Points : 1) paternoster lakes hanging valleys waterfalls esker 10. In nature, approximately __________ of the calories in plant matter survive from the primary to the secondary trophic (feeding, nutrition) level. (Points : 1) 10 percent 30 percent 50 percent 90 percent