4.7.

THIT BJ LANH DUNG NNG LUONG MT

TROI

Trong s nhng ng dung cua nng lng mt tri th lam lanh
va iu hoa khng kh la ng dung hp dn nht v ni nao kh hu
nong nht th ni o co nhu cu v lam la nh ln nht, c bit la
nhng vung xa xi
heo lanh thuc cac
nc ang phat trin
khng co li in
quc gia va gia nhin
liu qua t so vi thu
nhp trung bnh cua
ngi dn. Vi cac
may lanh lam vic
nh Pin mt tri
(photovoltaic) la
thun tin nht (hnh
4.104), nhng trong
giai oan hin nay gia thanh Pin mt tri con qua cao. Ngoai ra cac h
thng la nh con c s dung nng lng mt tri di dang nhit nng
chay may lanh hp thu, loai thit b nay ngay cang c ng dung
nhiu trong thc t, tuy nhin hin nay cac h thng nay vn cha
c thng mai hoa va s dung rng rai v gia thanh con rt cao hiu
sut con thp nn din tch lp t b thu cn rt ln cha phu hp vi
yu cu thc t. a co mt s nha khoa hoc nghin cu ti u hoa b
thu nng lng mt tri kiu hp phng mong c nh co gng phan
xa ng dung trong ky thut la nh (hnh 4.63), vi loai b thu nay co


Hnh 4.104. Tu lanh dung Pin mt tri.
169

th tao c nhit cao cp nhit cho may lanh hp thu, nhng
din tch mt bng cn lp t h thng cn phai rng.
May lanh hp thu s dung nng lng mt tri thng co hai
loai: May lanh hp phu rn, tc la dung cht hp phu rn nh Than
hoat tnh, Silicagel ... ; May lanh hp thu dung cac cp mi cht hp
thu long nh Amnic - Nc, Nc - Brmuality ...

4.7.1. May lanh hp phu rn dung nng luong mt troi
i vi may lanh hp phu th vic la chon vt liu lam cht hp
phu va mi cht lanh lam cht b hp phu la rt quan trong. Vt liu
hp phu thng la cac loai vt liu dang hat t 6 n 12 mm, co
rng ln c hnh thanh do cac mach mao quan li ti nm bn trong
khi vt liu. ng knh cua mao quan ch ln hn mt s t ln
ng knh phn t cua cht b hp phu th vt liu mi co tac dung
tt. Do cha nhiu mao quan nn b mt ti p xuc cua vt liu r t ln.
V du nh than hoat tnh co b mt hiu qua ln n 1500m
2
/g. Ngoai
b mt tip xuc ra, vt liu hp phu con co mt s tnh cht hoa hoc
cn thit tuy thuc vao thanh phn hoa hoc cua chung. V du nh than
hoat tnh co ai lc rt manh vi hydrocacbon, trong luc silicagel la i co
tnh cht hut nc rt manh. Than hoat tnh va ca silicagel u co kha
nng hi phuc tt.Vt liu hp phu cn ap ng cac yu cu:
+ Co kha nng hp phu cao tc la hut c mt lng ln cac kh cn
kh t pha kh.
+ Pham vi hp phu rng, kh c nhiu loai kh khac nhau.
+ Co bn c hoc c n thit.
+ Co kha nng hoan nguyn d dang.
+ Gia thanh re.
Hin nay co hai loai vt liu hp phu ph bin la Than hoat tnh
va Silicagel
Than hoat tnh
170

Nguyn liu lam than hoat tnh la nhng vt co cha cacbon nh
g, than bun, xng ng vt. Than hoat tnh la mt cht hp phu rt
tt, no c ng dung chu yu trong vic thu hi ca c dung mi hu c
va lam sach kh. Nhc im cua than hoat tnh la d chay nhit
cao, thng khng c dung than nhit ln hn 200
0
C.
khc phuc nhc im o, ngi ta thng trn silicagel vi than hoat
tnh nhng iu o lai giam hoat tnh cua than. Vi c tnh v ng
knh mao quan than hoat tnh thng co th hp thu cac cht sau y:
- Hi axt, Metanol , benzen, toluen etylaxetat vi mc hp phu
bng 50% trong lng ban thn.
- Axeton ,acrolein ,Cl , H
2
S vi mc 10 n 25%.
- CO2 , etylen : mc thp.
Silicagel
Silicagel la axit silic kt tua khi cho tac dung vi H
2
SO
4
hay HCl
hay la mui cua chung vi silicat natri, kt tua o em ra sach va sy
nhit 115 n 130
0
C, n m 5 7%. Silicagel c ng dung
dang hat co kch thc t 0,2 n 0,7mm. B mt hp phu at n
600m
2
/g. ng dung chu yu cua Silicagel la sy kh (hut hi nc
trong hn hp kh).
Bang 4.7 Cac s liu ky thut cua cac cht hp phu thng dung.
Vt liu
Khi luong
don vj d
dng,
kg/m
2
Duong kinh
l rng, m
Th tich l
rng tng
cng, cm
3
/g
B mt l
rng ,
m
2
/g
Than
hoat tnh
380 600
(20 40).10
-
10
0,6 0,8
500
1500
Silicagel
400 900
(30
200).10
-10
~ 0,4 200 600
Alumoge
l
1000 90.10
-10
0,39 175
171

Cht b hp phu thng dung la Metanol. Metanol (CH
3
OH) la
ru metylic khng mau, rt c, d chay, pha vi nc thanh dung
dch co mui cn, c san sut bng phng phap tng hp xuc tac
ap sut cao (250bar, 380
0
C) t cacbon monoxit va hydro.
- u im: khng n mon kim loai ch tao may.
- Nhc im: t ti n, d bay hi, tn tht vao khng kh khi h
thng khng hoat ng va d chay, n cung nh nhiu trng hp co
tnh cht c hai.
Trong may lanh hp phu dung nng lng Mt tri ngi ta
thng dung nht la c p vt liu - mi cht Than hoat tnh - Metanol.

Cu tao thit bj may lanh hp phu
Hnh 4.105 la h thng may lanh hp thu dung cht hp phu rn
kiu gian tip (nng lng mt tri cp nhit cho mi cht trung gian
la nc va nc nong cp nhit cho b hp thu). T hp h thng gm
172
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Hnh 4.105. S nguyn ly h thng may lanh hp phu rn NLMT
1- Bc xa mt tri 2- B thu NLMT 3- ng ly nc nong
4- B hp thu 5- Nc lanh vao 6- Van chn
7- B phn ngng tu 8- Bung lanh 9- Dan lanh
10- Bnh cha 11- Bnh nc nong


2 h thng un nc va h thng lam lanh kiu hp thu ghep vi nhau.
H thng cung cp nc nong dung nng lng mt tri y dung
collector kiu ng co gng parbolic phan xa nc nong thu c
at n nhit 80
0
C n 90
0
C. Cht hp phu la Than hoat tnh va
Mi cht la nh la Methanol.
Nguyn ly hoat dng
Collector (2) hp thu nng lng mt tri lam nong nc. Nhit
nc trong bnh cha nc nong (11) tng ln va lam tng nhit
cua thit b hp thu (4). Nhit mi cht trong b hp thu tng ln
n nhit T
g1
(nhit bt u bc hi cua mi cht lanh cua cht
hp thu) va lam cho ap sut trong h thng tng n ap sut ngng tu
p
k
. Khi o hi mi cht thoat ra c ngng tu lai b phn ngng tu
(7) va c dn v phn cha long mi cht (10). Nhit cua nc
va b phn hp thu ti p tuc tng ln do nhn nhit t bc xa mt tri
va at dn nhit cc ai T
g2
khoang 80
0
C n 90
0
C. Nc nong
trong bnh cha c dn i s dung vao ban m hoc dn n 1 bnh
cha khac khi mun lam lanh, nc trong bnh cha (11) c b sung
ngun nc lanh bn ngoai, nc lanh c dn vao va lam lanh b
phn hp thu. Nhit b phn hp thu giam xung mt cach t ngt
t T
g2
n T
a1
, ap sut mi cht trong b hp thu giam xung n ap
sut bay hi p
0
, qua trnh bay hi cua mi cht xay ra va nc a se
c tao thanh trong b phn lam lanh. Do qua trnh lam lanh b phn
hp thu va hn na do qua trnh hp thu co thai ra mt lng nhit nn
nhit nc lanh trong bnh cha se tng ln t T
0
n T
a2
, tuy nhin
lng nhit nay khng anh hng nhiu n qua trnh hp thu va no co
th tt hn i vi cac thit b hp thu lam mat kiu i lu t nhin
bnh thng do vong tun hoan ngc cua b thu xay ra lam cho nc
cua bnh cha c lam mat. Qua trnh lam lanh se tip tuc xay ra
trong sut m cho n khi collector co th nhn nhit t bc xa mt
tri vao ngay hm sau. Chu trnh c lp lai nh vy.
173

Chu trnh nhit
ng cua may lanh co
th biu din trn
th p-T nh hnh 4.106.
1
2
4
3
P
T
Ta1 Tg1
Ta2
Po
Pk
Tg2

Hnh 4.106. th p - T.
Giai oan 1: 1 - 2 Cp
nhit ng khi lng
Nhit va ap sut
cua h thng tng do
nhn nhit t b hp
thu.
Giai oan 2: 2 - 3 Nha
mi cht va ngng tu
Metanol bt u tach ra khoi than hoat tnh va ngng tu trong thit b
ngng tu ri chay xung bnh cha.
Giai oan 3: 3 - 4 Lam mat ng khi lng
Bc xa mt tri giam, b hp thu c lam mat nh nc lanh. Nhit
va ap sut cua h thng giam.
Giai oan 4: 4 - 1 Bay hi va Hp phu.
Mi cht bay hi trong thit b bay hi nhn nhit cu a nc cn lam a
va b hut v than hoat tnh trong b hp thu.
Tnh nhit cho dan bay hi
Tnh nhit thit b bay hi la tnh toan cng sut lanh cn thit
cung cp cho dan bay hi va lng mi cht cn thit phai nap vao h
thng.
Cng sut lanh cua thit b bay hi c xac nh bng cng thc:
Q = Q
1
+ Q
2
, [W] (4.81)
Trong o
Q
1
- dong nhit tn tht qua kt c u bao che cua thit b, [W]
Q
2
- dong nhit do ng a va lam lanh khun (nu h thng
lam a), [W]
174

Dong nhit i qua kt cu bao che Q
1
Q
1
bao gm ca tn tht nhit do dn nhit i lu va bc xa.
y tn tht do bc xa bng 0 v qua trnh lam lanh ch din ra khi tri
ln. Do vy tn tht nhit qua kt cu bao che c tnh theo cng
thc cua i l:
Q
1
= K . F . t, [W] (4.82)
Trong o k - h s truyn nhit cua kt cu, [W/m
2
K]
F - Din tch cua kt cu, [m
2
] .
t - chnh nhit gia mi trng bn ngoai va bn trong.
Tn tht nhit do lam ng a va lam lanh khun Q
2
Q
2
= Q

+ Q
kh
=

0
q
G
+
( )

2 1 k k kh
t t C
M

, [W] (4.83)
Trong o: Q

- tn tht nhit do lam ng a, [W]

Q
kh
- tn tht nhit do lam lanh khun, [W]
G - nng sut lam a, [kg]
- thi gian lam ng a, [s]
q
0
- nhit lng cn lam lanh 1 kg nc t nhit ban
u n khi ng a hoan toan, [J/kg]
M - tng khi lng khun, [kg]
C
kh
- nhit dung ring cua khun, [J/kg]
t
k1
- nhit khun luc ban u
t
k2
- nhit khun luc a a hoan thin ly -13
0
C.
Vy nng sut lanh cua h thng co th xac nh bng cng
thc:

,
.
0
b
Q k
Q =
[W] (4.84)
Trong o:
k - h s tnh n tn tht trn ng ng va thit b h thng. H
s nay i vi h thng lam lanh trc tip phu thuc vao nhit bay
hi cua mi cht, vi t
0
= -15 chon k = 1,05.
175

b - h s thi gian lam vic. i vi h thng lanh nho chon b = 0,7
Nhit lng cn thit cung cp cho dan bay hi trong sut
thi gian lam vic cua h thng:
Q = Q
0
. , [J] (4.85)
T o ta co th suy ra lng Methanol cn cung cp la:

,
'
r
Q
M
mc
=
[kg] (4.86)
trong o, r - nhit n hoa hi cua Methanol, [J/kg]
Tnh toan thit b ngng tu
Nhit ngng tu phu thuc vao nhit mi trng lam mat
cua thit b ngng tu. Muc ch cua h thng la khng phai tn thm
ngun nng lng ngoai nn chon thit b bay hi la dan ngng giai
nhit bng gio t nhin.
Do o hiu nhit ngng tu t
k
gia mi cht lanh ngng tu
va khng kh chon: t
k
= t
k
- t
mt
= 15
0
C
Din tch trao i nhit cua thit b ngng tu co th tch theo
cng thc:

t k
Q
F
k

=
.
, [m
2
] (4.87)
Trong o: Q
k
- phu tai nhit cua thit b ngng tu.
vi h thng nay ta ly Q
k
= Q
0
, [W]
k - h s truyn nhit, chon k = 30 W/m
2
K
F - din tch b mt trao i nhit cua dan ngng, [m
2
]
Tnh toan qua trnh hp phu
Theo l thuyt cua Eucken va Poljani, ngi ta co th tnh c
ng nhit hp phu cua hi nhit T
2
nu a bit ng nhit hp
phu cua mt thanh phn hi bt ky nhit T
1
. ng hp phu ng
nhit hp phu c biu th theo th p-a.
Tnh tung a:
176

2
1
1 2
V
V
a a =
(4.88)
trong o:
a
1
- tung cua cu t chun, thng chon la benzen, [kg/kg than]
a
2
- tung cu t cn tnh, kg/kg than.
V
1
, V
2
- th tch mol cua cu t chun va cu t cn tnh, [m
3
/kmol]

M
V =
(4.89)
Vi, M - khi lng phn t, [kg/kmol]
Khi lng phn t cua benzen la M
1
= 78 kg/kmol
Khi lng phn t cua metanol la M
2
= 32 kg/kmol
- khi lng ring, [kg/m
3
]
Khi lng ring cua benzen la
1
= 879 kg/m
3
Khi lng ring cua metanol la
2
= 792 kg/m
3
.
Ta co

kmol m
M
V / 0887 , 0
879
78
3
1
1
1
= = =

kmol m
M
V / 0404 , 0
792
32
3
2
2
2
= = =

Hoanh p c tnh theo cng thc

1
1 _
2
1
2 _ 2
lg lg lg
p
p
T
T
p p
S
a S
=

(4.90)
Trong o:
p
1
, p
2
- hoanh cua cac im co ap sut cua cu t chun va c u t
cn tnh, [mmHg]
p
S_1
- ap sut hi bao hoa cua cu t benzen nhit T
1
, [mmHg],
ta co p
S_1
= 75mmHg
p
S2
- ap sut hi bao hoa cua cu t cn tnh nhit T
2
, [mmHg]
177

lgp= a
0
+ a
1
.(T
-1
- (7,9151-2,6726.lgT).10
-3
-8,625.10
-7
.T), [Pa] (4.91)
T - nhit cua metanol , K.
a
0
= 9,1716 va a
1
= -2,7596.10
3
T
1
- nhit hp phu cua benzen, K . Chon T
1
= 20
0
C = 293K.
T
2
- nhit hp phu cua metanol, K . Chon T
2
= 30
0
C = 303K.
T tnh toan trn ta ve c ng hp phu ng nhit cua than
hoat tnh i vi Methanol v du co dang nh hnh 4.7-4.
Va cung t ng hp phu ng nhit nay ta cung tnh c
lng than hoat tnh bng cach tnh ap sut bay hi cua Methanol ri
cn c vao th ng hp phu co c hoat tnh a cua
Methanol.
Va lng than cn thit hp phu ht mi cht Methanol la :

a
M
M
MC
than
=
, [kg] (4.92)
p (mmHg)
a (kg/kg)
142,3639 87,7635
59,9515
66,1455 41,6486
35,917 23,9883
0,1344
0,1824
0,1952
0,224
0,2304
0,2528
0,2656
10,5974
0,0616


Hnh 4.107. ng hp phu ng nhit cua Methanol.

178

4.7.1.1. H thng lanh san sut nuoc da
Nguyn ly hoat dng cua h thng
H thng san xut nc a dung nng lng mt tri dang may
lanh hp phu la thit b hoat ng theo chu ky, vi nguyn ly nh sau:
Ban ngay h thng nhn nng lng bc xa mt tri lam bc hi
mi cht la nh (Metanol) trong b hp thu, trong b hp thu co cha
cht hp phu rn (Than hoat tnh), sau khi bc hi ra khoi cht hp
phu, mi cht lanh c ngng tu tai thit b ngng tu nh trao i
nhit vi khng kh i lu t nhin bn ngoai, mi cht lanh long
c chay xung bnh cha, trong na chu ky nay van tit lu ong
con van chn m (hnh 4.108). Ta phai tnh toan cac thit b cua h
thng sao cho trong mt ngay mi cht lanh c thoat ra ht t cht
hp phu va ngng tu la i trong bnh cha. Na chu ky sau cua mi cht
Thit b bay hi
Van tit luu
Bnh cha
Thit b
ngung t
Bc x
mt tri
B hp th
Van chn

Hnh 4.108. Nguyn ly hoat ng h thng san xut nc a
179

la lam vic vao ban m, khi ht bc xa mt tri th ta ong van chn
lai. B hp thu by gi ong vai tro la vt bc xa nhit va nh qua
trnh bc xa nay ma nhit cua b hp thu gam xung, kha nng hp
thu cua cht hp phu tng, ap sut trong h thng giam xung, n khi
nhit toan b h thng at n nhit mi trng th n luc nay
ta co th m t t van tit lu luc o long mi cht c tit lu vao
thit b bay hi, o mi cht lanh nhn nhit cua nc bay hi va
c hp thu b i cht hp phu trong b hp thu. Nc cha trong thit
b bay hi c lam lanh va tr thanh nc a. Tuy theo nhu cu s
dung nc a ma ta co th thit k h thng thch hp, co th la bui
sang hp thu bc xa mt tri boc hi mi cht lanh con bui chiu
cho mi cht lanh bay hi lam a.
Cu tao cac thit bj
B hp thu: Thit b quan trong nht trong h thng la b hp thu,
sau khi tnh toan thit k vi h thng lanh san xut nc a cng sut
1kgnc a/ngay ta co b hp thu co c u tao nh hnh 4.109, y la
900
76

2
7
25
50
ng c l Than hot tnh B mt hp th
ng n thit
b ngung t
B mt phn x
ng t thit b
bay hi n
120 120 120 120
a)
b)

Hnh 4.109 B hp thu nng lng bc xa mt tri
180

thit b hp thu trc ti p, nng lng bc xa mt tri chiu n b mt
hp thu cua b hp thu, trong o co cha cht hp phu (than hoat tnh).
B hp thu gm cac Module ni song song vi nhau (hnh 4.109b),
mi Module co kch thc nh hnh 4.109a cha 2kg than hoat tnh.
Thit b bay hi.
Tnh toan thit k
vi h thng lanh san
xut nc a cng sut
2kgnca/ngay ta co
cu thao thit b bay hi
nh hnh 4.110. y
cung la thit b bay hi
trc tip, mi cht lanh
(Methanol) c tit lu
trc tip vao thit b bay
hi (cung la b a) va
nhn nhit cua n c
bay hi.
Thit b ngng tu.
Cung tng t khi Tnh
toan thit k vi h
thng lanh san xut nc a cng sut 1kgnca/ngay ta co cu thao
thit b ngng tu nh hnh 4.111.
80
60
1
2
0
2
0
ung hi n b hp th
Phn cha nc
Np y
Lng t van tit luu
Cch nhit
Hnh 4.110 Thit b bay hi
y la loai thit b ngng tu kiu khng kh i lu t nhin, y
chung ti co lp thm cach tan nhit tng cng qua trnh trao i
nhit.




181

Thc t a ch tao h thng nh thit k trn va a a vao s
dung nh hnh 4.12.
690
50
Cnh tn nhit
ng gp
ng ngung
mi cht
7
0
0
Hnh 4.111 Thit b ngng tu


Hnh 4.112 H thng san xut nc a 2kg/ngay
182

4.7.1.2 T hop h thng san xut nuoc da va nuoc nong
Nguyn ly hoat dng cua h thng
Collector hp thu nng lng mt tri va lam nong nc, nhit
nc trong bnh
cha tng ln va
lam tng nhit
cua thit b
hp thu t
trong bnh
cha. Khi nhit
cht hp phu
trong b phn
hp thu tng th
mi cht la nh se
bc hi khoi
cht hp phu va
lam cho ap sut
trong h thng
tng ln n ap
sut ngng tu. Hi mi cht thoat ra c ngng tu lai dan ngng va
chay xu ng thit b bay hi Nhit cua nc trong bnh cha va b
phn hp thu tip tuc tng do nhn nhit bc xa mt tri t collector
theo nguyn ly i lu tun hoan t nhin va at n nhit khoang
(80
o
C ( 95
o
C). Qua trnh bc hi va ngng tu xay ra t sang n ti
(luc khng con anh nng mt tri). Khi nc nong trong bnh cha
c dn di s dung vao ban m hoc dn n mt bnh cha khac
th nc trong bnh cha c t ng b sung bng ngun nc lanh
t bn ngoai (nhit nc lanh khoang 25
o
C), nc lanh vao lam mat
b phn hp thu, nhit b phn hp thu giam xung mt cach t
ngt, ap sut mi cht trong b phn hp thu cung giam xung n
Collector
ng nc
lanh xung
Dan ngng
ng nc
lanh vao
Bnh cha
ng nc nong ln
Thit b bay hi
Thung a
Hnh 4.113. T hp sn xut nc v nc nng
183

di ap sut bay hi cua mi cht lanh luc o qua trnh bay hi cua
mi cht lanh xay ra va nc a se c tao thanh trong thung a.
Trong qua trnh san xut nc a collector ong vai tro la thit b giai
nhit. Qua trnh lam lanh se tip tuc xay ra trong sut m n khi
collector co th nhn nhit t bc xa mt tri vao ngay hm sau, luc
o co th l y nc a ra dung.
Net u vit c trng cua h thng cung cp nc nong va lam
lanh kiu nay la collector ong vai tro hai muc ch: va hp thu nhit
t bc xa mt tri la m nong nc ban ngay, va giai nhit cho qua
trnh hp thu vao ban m (ma y chnh la nhc im lam giam hiu
qua cua cac h thng cung cp nc nong bng nng lng mt tri
bnh thng). Do vy hu nh toan b nng lng mt tri u c
s dung mt cach co ch.
Cu tao cac thit bj
Thit b hp thu - bnh cha
T hp h thng san xut nc a va nc nong co thit b hp
thu c c u tao nh hnh 4.114, cht hp thu c gia nhit bi nc
nong va c lam mat bng nc lanh. Thit b hp thu c tnh toan
1220
20
20
25
22
20
Than hot tnh
20
ung nuc vo Lp p k Lp nhit k
ung nuc ra ung hi mi cht ln
ung hi n
thit b ngung t
5
0
0
4
2
0
3
6
0

Hnh 4.114. T hp bnh cha - B hp thu
184

thit k da trn lng than hoat tnh, lng than nay phai hp phu ht
lng mi cht Methanol lam ng 5kg nc a.
Thit b bay hi
Thit b bay hi cua t hp h thng co cu tao tng t nh
hnh 4.110 nhng kch thc c tnh toan thit k vi san lng 5kg
nc a/ngay.
Thit b ngng tu
Thit ngng tu hi cua t hp h thng cung co cu tao tng
t nh hnh 4.111 nhng kch thc c tnh toan thit k vi san
lng 5kg nc a/ngay.
B thu nng lng mt tri (Collector)
B thu nng lng mt tri trong h thng c thit k ch tao
vi loai b thu kiu ng co gng phan xa dang parabol tru c nh


Hnh 4.115. H thng san xut nc a va nc nong
185

i lu tun hoan t nhin. Vi loai b thu nay h thng hoat ng
khng cn thm bt ky ngun nng lng nao ngoai nng lng mt
tri. Tnh toan vi san lng 5kg nc a/ngay, ta co kch thc b
thu cn thit la 2m
2
. Hnh 4.115 la t hp h thng san sut nc a va
nc nong dung nng lng mt tri vi cng sut mt ngay 5kg nc
a va 60kg nc nong 90
o
C.

4.7.2. May lanh hp thu dung nng luong mt troi
Nng lng mt tri cu ng co th cp nhit cho may lanh hp thu,
hnh 4.116 la s nguyn ly ma y lanh hp thu H
2
O-LiBr loai ta c dung
Nc la m mat
Nc ca n lam lanh
Bm chan khong
Nc la m mat
O ng cho ng ke t tinh
HE
D
Ong gia m ap
Hi gia nhiet
C
A
B
Bm chn khng
Nc cn lam lanh
ng chng kt tinh
Nc lam mat
ng giam ap
Ngun nhit
Nc lam mat

nh 4.116 May lanh hp thu H O-LiBr loai tac dung n H
2

186

n (Single Effect). Trong s nay, A la bnh phat sinh (Generator), B
la bnh ngng tu (Condenser), C la bnh bay hi (Evaporator), D la bnh
hp thu (Absorber), HE la thi t b trao i nhi t va E la bm dung dch.
Qua trnh thc hien cua may lanh hap thu H
2
O-LiBr da
vao ac tnh cua dung dch H
2
O-LiBr nhiet o thap no
hap thu hi nc rat manh, con nhiet o cao lai giai
phong hi nc a hap thu. Da vao ac tnh nay e hoan
thanh chu trnh cong tac.
Dung dch loang trong bnh hap thu D c bm qua HE vao
bnh phat sinh A, dung dch c hi nc gia nhiet, v nc
co nhiet o soi rat thap so vi LiBr do o dung dch loang
c gia nhiet en nhiet o nhat nh. Hi tac nhan lanh
trang thai qua nhiet bay ra t bnh phat sinh vao bnh ngng
tu B c lam mat bang nc giai nhiet va ngng tu thanh
long tac nhan lanh.
Long tac nhan
lanh i qua ong tiet lu
ch U vao bnh bay hi
C va c bm len
phun thanh giot nho
tren be mat chum
ong bay hi.
Nc tac nhan
lanh hap thu nhiet
cua nc can lam
lanh va bay hi, hi
tac nhan lanh i qua
tam chan phan ly
nc roi i xuong
bnh hap thu D. Dung
dch trung gian trong
bnh hap thu c bm
ay phun giot nho e
hap thu hi tac nhan
8
c
w
c
i
c
2
9
10
s
c
p
4'
3'
1
3
5 4
7
1'
5'
k
p
0
p
0
h
k
p

Hnh 4.117. th h-c cua may lanh
H
2
O-LiBr loai tac dung n
187

lanh va tr thanh dung dch loang, trong qua trnh hap thu
co san sinh ra nhiet nen can phai lam mat cho bnh hap thu.
Chu trnh may lanh c the hien tren o th h-c nh hnh
4.117.
Ngun nhit cp cho may lanh hp thu s dung nng lng mt
tri la ngun nng lng mt tri, mi cht tai nhit y co th dung
nc hoc hi nc. Nu cht tai nhit la nc th ta co th dung cac
b thu cung cp nc nong nhit cao trong phn 4.3.2, con nu cht
tai nhit la hi nc th ta co th dung h thng cung cp hi nc
(hnh 4.40).
May lanh hp thu dung nng lng mt tri co th s dung nhiu
muc ch khac nhau nh lam lanh san phm trong cng nghip (cp
ng hoc ba o quan) hoc iu hoa khng kh.
n khng
gian lam lanh
Thap
giai
nhit
Van 3 nga
Bnh
hp thu
Thi t b ngng tu Thit b bay hi
Bnh
sinh hi
Ngun nng lng
phu tr
Thit b hoan
nhit
Van tit lu
Bm dung dch
hp thu
Collector
Bnh
Cha

Hnh 4.118. H thng lam mat khng kh dung nng lng mt
188

Hnh 4.118 la s nguyn ly h thng lam mat khng kh s
dung nng lng mt tri. i vi nhng vung va co nhu cu lam
mat khng kh vao mua he va si m, cung cp nc nong vao mua
ng th ta co th s dung h thng co s nguyn ly nh
hnh4.119.
Panel
Nc
nong
dung
Bnh
nc
nong
TB nu
nc
Nc t
ngun
chnh
Tank
cha
Ngun
nng
lng
phu tr
HN
HTHKK
HN
TGN
Khng kh lanh
Khng kh nong
Hnh 4.119. H thng cung cp nc nong, si m va iu
hoa khng kh dung nng lng mt tri
Hnh 4.120 la h thng may lanh hp thu s dung nng lung mt
tri vi cht tai nhit la nc.

189



Hnh 4.120. Ma y lanh hp thu s dung nng lng mt tri





Hnh 4.121. H thng b thu nng lng mt tri dung ng nhit
cp nhit cho may lanh hp thu dung lam lanh khng kh


190