Chuong3 (Rui) QHM

u ra
* c tnh yu cu thit b p
ng yu cu mng.
* Cc hot ng nh c mng
Tnh qu ng truyn v tuyn
Tnh din tch cell
Tnh dung lng
Tnh thit b BTS
Tnh dung lng cc giao din
truyn dn Iub, Iu, Iur
S phn t RNC yu cu v lu
lng trn mi RNC.
* Yu cu vng ph sng:
Thng tin loi vng ph
iu kin truyn sng
Din tch vng ph
* Yu cu cht lng:
Hn hp dch v
Lp MS
Ph trong nh
Xc sut ph
Xc sut tc nghn
tr c th chp nhn
* Yu cu dung lng:
Ph kh dng
D bo tng trng thu bao
Thng tin mt lu lng
Chng 3: Quy hoch mng WCDMA
CHNG 3
QUY HOCH MNG WCDMA
Vic quy hoch mng WCDMA cng ging nh quy hoch mng 2G c th c chia
thnh 3 pha:
Khi to quy hoch (nh c).
Quy hoch chi tit mng.
Vn hnh v ti u ha mng.
Cc h thng di ng trc y s dng cc ng ln v ng xung i xng
nhng h thng di ng 3G, ng ln v ng xung l bt i xng. Do vy, mt
trong hai ng s thit lp gii hn v dung lng hoc vng ph sng. Vic tnh ton qu
ng truyn v phn tch nhiu khng ph thuc vo loi cng ngh s dng. Trong
trng hp s dng cng ngh WCDMA, phn tch nhiu c s dng trong vic tnh ton
nhy v ti. c th s dng ht kh nng ca WCDMA chng ta cn hiu r giao din
v tuyn ca h thng.
Mc ch ca pha nh c l c lng s lng cc trm cn s dng, cu hnh
trm v s lng cc phn t mng d bo gi thnh u t cho mng.
38
Quy hoch
tham s
c trng
vng /cell
Chin lc
chuyn giao
Ti ti a
RRM khc
Cc yu cu v dung
lng
Phn b lu lng
Phn b dch v
Mc nghn cho php
Cc c tnh v h
thng hng i
Hnh 3.1 Cc bc thc hin quy hoch mng.
u ra
ng yu cu mng.
Tnh din tch cell
Tnh dung lng
Tnh thit b BTS
lng trn mi RNC.
* Yu cu vng ph sng:
Thng tin loi vng ph
iu kin truyn sng
Din tch vng ph
* Yu cu cht lng:
Hn hp dch v
Lp MS
Ph trong nh
Xc sut ph
Xc sut tc nghn
tr c th chp nhn
* Yu cu dung lng:
Ph kh dng
Thng tin mt lu lng
Pha quy hoch chi tit vng ph v dung lng c thc hin vi s tr gip ca
cng c quy hoch mng v tuyn tnh. Vic quy hoch chi tit c tnh n v tr thc ca
cc trm, iu kin truyn sng da trn bn s v phn b thc ca ngi s dng da
trn d on lu lng. Sau khi quy hoch chi tit, ta c th phn tch vng ph, lu lng
ca mng.
O & M: Operations and Maintenance: Vn hnh v bo dng.
3.1 Khi to quy hoch (nh c mng):
y l pha khi to ca qu trnh quy hoch mng, lin quan n vic nh gi
cc phn t mng v dung lng ca cc phn t ny. nh c thc hin cho c mng
truy cp v tuyn ln mng li. Mc ch ca pha nh c l a ra d tnh mt
i trm, trm gc, cu hnh cc phn t gc v cc phn t mng khc trn c s
nhng yu cu ca nh khai thc cho mt vng mong mun d bo chi ph d n
v cc u t lin quan. nh c phi thc hin c cc yu cu v vng ph, dung
lng v cht lng phc v.
Vic quy hoch dung lng v vng ph phi c xem xt ng thi do dung
lng v vng ph c quan h cht ch vi nhau. Khi mng i vo hot ng, c th
tnh ton hiu nng mng bng cc php o v cc kt qu o c s dng hin
th v ti u ha hiu nng ca mng.
Phn ny trnh by mt s bc chnh trong qu trnh nh c mng truy cp v
tuyn WCDMA:
S khi qu trnh nh c mng.
39
Cu hnh
mng v
nh c
Cc yu cu
v chin
lc i vi
vng ph ,
cht lng
v dung
lng cho
mi loi
hnh dch v
Quy hoch
vng ph v
la chn v tr
trm
S liu o v
c tnh
truyn dn.
Ti u ha
vng ph v
v tr trm.
Quy hoch
tham s
c trng
vng /cell
Chin lc
chuyn giao
Ti ti a
RRM khc
Ti u ha
mng
Bo co s
liu o
Phn tch
hiu nng
thng k
Cht lng
Hiu qu
Tnh sn
sng
Cc yu cu v dung
lng
Phn b lu lng
Phn b dch v
Mc nghn cho php
Cc c tnh v h
thng hng i
Phn tch nhiu bn
ngoi
Nhn thc
Thch ng
QUY HOCH V XY DNG MNG KHI TO O & M
Hnh 3.1 Cc bc thc hin quy hoch mng.
u ra
ng yu cu mng.
Tnh din tch cell
Tnh dung lng
Tnh thit b BTS
lng trn mi RNC.
u vo
* Yu cu vng ph sng:
Thng tin loi vng ph
iu kin truyn sng
Din tch vng ph
* Yu cu cht lng:
Hn hp dch v
Lp MS
Ph trong nh
Xc sut ph
Xc sut tc nghn
tr c th chp nhn
* Yu cu dung lng:
Ph kh dng
Thng tin mt lu lng
Phn tch qu nng lng ng truyn v tuyn.
Xc nh bn knh v din tch cell.
Quy hoch dung lng v vng ph - lp ti u.
3.1.1 S khi qu trnh nh c mng:
Hnh 3.2 Cc tham s u vo v u ra trong qu trnh nh c mng WCDMA
Mi trng a dch v v yu cu dung lng khng i xng ng ln v
ng xung i hi qu trnh nh c mng WCDMA phc tp hn so vi qu trnh
nh c mng GSM. S khc nhau chnh l tnh ton qu ng truyn v phn tch
ph sng phi c thc hin cho tng dch v.
Hn na, dung lng yu cu cng nh hng n d tr nhiu trong tnh ton
qu ng truyn. Do dung lng v vng ph phi c xem xt ng thi trong
pha ban u ca qu trnh nh c mng.u vo v u ra qu trnh nh c mng
c m t hnh 3.2.
Phng php nh c mng RAN WCDMA da trn qu trnh phn tch mi
lin h gia dung lng v vng ph. Trc tin, cn tnh qu nng lng ng
truyn RLB c lng bn knh ti a ca cell. RLB s bao gm cc tham s nh:
tng ch ca anten, suy hao cp, li phn tp, d tr fading, d tr nhiu. u ra
ca php tnh RLB s l suy hao ng truyn ti a cho php, gi tr ny c s
dng xc nh bn knh ti a ca cell v do quyt nh s site yu cu.
40
Hnh 3.4 Cc thnh phn nhiu ti trm gc.
c im kt ni v tuyn:
Tc d liu
E
b
/N
o
trung bnh
li chuyn giao
theo dB.
Cc tham s thit b:
Lp cng sut MS
nhy MS / BS
li anten
c im truyn dn:
cao anten.
c im suy hao vng
H s tng quan vng
D tr fading chun log
c im dch v:
T l nghn
T l dung lng (gi) ti
a trn trung bnh
Tnh ton qu ng truyn
Suy hao ng ti a cho php
3.1.2 Phn tch qu nng lng ng truyn v tuyn:
xc nh vng ph cc i ca cell nh thit k phi tnh ton tn hao ng
truyn cc i cho php m bo cng tn hiu ph hp bin gii cell cho cht
lng ting chp thun trn 90% vng ph. Tn hao ng truyn cho php l hiu
s gia cng sut pht x hiu dng ca my pht v cng tn hiu ti thiu cn
thit my thu cho cht lng ting chp thun. Cc thnh phn xc nh tn hao
ng truyn c gi l qu nng lng ng truyn (RLB: Radio link budgets).
Qu trnh phn tch qu nng lng ng truyn s bao gm tnh qu nng
lng ng truyn ln v qu nng lng ng truyn xung. Nu xt ti cng
mt sng mang, ng ln nhiu a truy cp MAI (Multipe acess Interference :
nhiu a truy cp) gy ra bi cc thu bao ni cell v cc cell k cn, trong khi
ng xung MAI gy ra bi cc trm gc k cn trm gc ang kho st.
Vic tnh ton qu ng truyn c s dng xc nh bn knh cc i ca
cell. Mt s tham s c s dng ring cho WCDMA (so vi GSM) bao gm: d
tr suy hao do nhiu, d tr fading nhanh, tng cng sut truyn dn v li
chuyn giao mm.
3.1.2.1 Qu nng lng ng ln:
41
BTS
BTS
N
Hnh 3.4 Cc thnh phn nhiu ti trm gc.
Nu tha mn yu cu nh khai thc
Tnh h
s ti
D tr nhiu
Lu lng
ti a mi
cell
Nu dung lng qu
thp
Khi to
gi tr lu
lng mi
cell (gi
thit ti
a)
Tnh bn knh cell
Bn knh cell ti a trong mi
loi vng
c tnh dung lng
S side/tng lu lng h tr
trong mi loi vng
Yu cu thit b
S lng thit b BS / truyn
dn / RNC
Hnh 3.3 Lc qu trnh nh c mng v tuyn WCDMA.
D tr suy hao do can nhiu t l vi lng ti trong cell. Nu lng ti trong
cell ca h thng cng ln th lng d tr can nhiu yu cu cng ln v vng ph
sng ca cell cng nh.
Vic tnh ton ng ln ch yu l xc nh cng sut pht ca MS yu
cu, t xc nh h s ti v d tr nhiu ng ln. M hnh phn b nhiu ti
trm gc ng ln c m t tng qut nh hnh 3.4.
Ta xt mt trm v hng phng ngang ang phc v mt tp cc MS cho
trc .Ta chia cc MS thnh hai nhm: cc MS bt ngun li c chia thnh 4
nhm con:
- Tch cc v ang pht(Cc MS ang ch thoi)
- Tch cc nhng khng pht (Cc MS khng ch thoi)
- Ri v ang pht( Cc MS khng ch truy nhp)
- Ri nhng khng pht ( Cc MS khng ch truy nhp)
Ta coi rng nhiu trm ny ch truy nhp thng qu nh khng ng
lo ngi, c th xt n nh mt ngun gim cht lng v dung lng h thng no
.Ta ch quan tm phn tch cc MS tch cc. Coi rng c M MS ang pht mt
thi im trc trong cell. mi trng CDMA, i vi mi MS c (M-1) ngun
nhiu ng knh.Ti v tr cell, cng sut trung bnh nhn c t MS th i l S
ri
Ta c: E
b
=
R
S
ri
(3.1)
R : tc ca MS th i
Cng sut nhiu ca mt cell trng l N= N
0
.B, B b rng bng tn.
I
0
=
B
1
ri
M
i
f
S v .
1
1
(3.2)
v f l h s tch cc thoi.
(3.2) chng ta coi rng cng sut iu khin ng ln v tt c cc tn hiu
pht i t MS n BS vi cng mt cng sut nh nhau: S
ri
=S
r
I
t
= I
0
+ N
0
=
B
1
.
ri
M
i
f
S v .
1
1
+ N
0
(3.4)
T (3.4) suy ra : I
t
=
B
S v M
r f
. ). 1 (
+ N
0
(3.5)
T s tn hiu trn nhiu:
42
t
b
I
E
=
R
B
.
r f
r
S v M B N
S
. ). 1 ( .
0
+
= G
p
.
r f
r
S v M B N
S
. ). 1 ( .
0
+
(3.6)
Trong G
p
=
R
B
: li x l.
Ta xc nh cng tn hiu S
r
nh sau:
S
r
=P
m
+ G
m
+G
b
+G
dv
+G
sho
-L
p
-Mfade -L
b
-L pent -L
c
(3.7)
G
m
= H s khuch i anten ca MS (dB)
G
b
= H s khuch i anten thu ca BS (dB)
G
dv
= li phn tp anten BS(dB)
L
b
= Tn hao c th (dB)
G
sho
= li chuyn giao mm
L
c
= Tn hao cp ni (dB)
L p = Tn hao ng truyn (dB)
L pent = Tn hao truy nhp xe hoc to nh (dB)
Mfade = D tr che ti chun log(dB)
P
m
= Cng sut pht MS (dB)
T (3.6) ta c :
M = 1+Gp .
f t b
v I E ). / (
1
-
f r
v S
B N
.
.
0
(3.8)
S
r
=
B
I E v M
R
N I E
t b f
t b
) / .( ). 1 (
1
). / (
0
(3.9)
Nu ta tnh thm h s nhiu t cc cell ln cn:

t
b
I
E
= G
p
) 1 .( . ). 1 ( .
0
f S v M B N
S
r f
r
+ +
, f l h s nhiu t cell khc.
Nu iu khin cng sut khng hon ho ta c :
t
b
I
E
= G
p
.
) 1 .( . ). 1 ( .
0
f S
S
v M B N
S
r
r
f
r
+ +
(3.10)
l h s iu khin ng sut khng hon ho c gi tr nh hn 1.
i vi ng ln, nh hng ca tha s ti
ln qu ng truyn i vi d
tr nhiu L(dB) c th xc nh biu thc :
L =10.lg
1
1
(3.11)
V d tr nhiu tng cng vi
nn vng ph sng ca cell s gim cng vi s

tng ca tha s ti. Khi tnh ton qu nng lng ng truyn cn xt n ti lu
43
lng khng i xng. CDMA c th gim dung lng ng ln c vng ph.
iu ny l cn thit v cng sut pht ca MS hn ch tm ph cc i ca cell.
3.1.2.2 Qu nng lng ng xung:
M hnh phn b nhiu ti thu bao di ng ng xung m t trong hnh 3.5
Mt nt quan trng ca h thng CDMA l ng gp cho vic tng dung lng
ng ln nh chuyn giao mm. mng CDMA, MS c th c nhiu cell phc
v ng thi.Tuy nhin tnh nng ny cng lm nng them ti cho ng xung . V
cc cell phi cung cp dch v cho cng mt MS, nn phi b sung ti nguyn cho
ng xung. Hiu nng ng xung rt khc vi ng ln v:
- Truy nhp l mt n nhiu thay v nhiu n mt.
- ng b v tch sng nht qun c gim nh nh s dng knh
hoa tiu chung.
- Nhiu nhn c t cc ngun ln tp chung( cc cell) ch
khng phi t cc ngun nh phn b( cc my di ng).
t c dung lng cc i cho ng xung, cn iu khin cng sut cell
sao cho cng sut ny c th n nh cho tng MS theo nhu cu ca n. Cung cp
cng sut nhiu hn cho MS b nhiu cao hn cc cell ln cn. Cc MS cc vng
bin c th chuyn giao mm, lc ny chng c th nhn c cng sut t hai hay
nhiu cell. iu khin cng sut ng xung c thc hin bng cch o cng sut
thu c t cc cell ang phc v v tng cng sut thu. Thng tin v hai gi tr ny
c pht n cc cell phc v.
i vi ng xung, mt h s cht lng c nh ngha cho cc knh khc
nhau. H s cht lng l hiu s gia (E
b
/ I
t
)
r
thu c v (E
b
/ I
t
) sp quy
nh. d tr an ton ng truyn cho tng knh ng xung c nh
ngha nh sau:
M
ht
=(E
c
/ I
t
)
r
- (E
c
/ I
t
) sp >0 (3.12)
M
ll
=(E
b
/ I
t
)
r
-(E
b
/ I
t
) sp >0 (3.13)
M
db
=(E
b
/ I
t
)
r
-(E
b
/ I
t
) sp >0 (3.14)
44
BTS
BTS
My di
ng th i
Hnh 3.5 Cc thnh phn nhiu ti thu bao di ng.
Mtg =(E
b
/ I
t
)
r
-(E
b
/ I
t
) sp >0 (3.15)
Trong ht, ll, db, tg k hiu cho: hoa tiu, lu lng, ng b, v tm gi
r, sp k hiu cho thu v quy nh
V knh hoa tiu khng mang thng tin nn (E
c
/ I
t
) ca knh hoa tiu c thay
cho (E
b
/ I
t
). E
c
l nng lng trn chip, tc chip l 1.2288Mchip/s.
Qu ng truyn xung c s dng khng nh rng cc i lng cc
phng trnh trn l dng v d tr cho ng xung m bo hot ng
hiu qu. cn bng ng truyn hon ho, tt c cc thng s d tr phi bng
0, nht l M
ht
, M
ll
. Cc gi tr sut cho thng quy nh (E
c
/ I
t
), (E
b
/ I
t
) nh sau:
-Knh hoa tiu: (E
c
/ I
t
) sp = -15dB
-Knh lu lng: (E
b
/ I
t
) sp = 7dB
-Knh ng b: (E
b
/ I
t
) sp =7 dB
-Knh tm gi: (E
b
/ I
t
) sp =7 dB
Ta s dng th tc sau xc nh cc d tr an ton
Ptong =10log(10
ll
P 1 . 0
+10
ht
P 10
+10
db
P 10
+10
tg
P 10
) (3.16)
Trong Ptong = tng cng sut pht x hiu dng trm cell (ERP)(dBm)
P
db
= ERP ca knh ng b(dBm)
P
ht
= ERP knh hoa tiu(dBm)
P
ll
= ERP knh lu lng (dBm)
Ptg = ERP knh tm gi (dBm)
P(ll/ngi s dng)=P
ll
-10lg
ch
-10lgMtong (dBm)
P(ll/ngi s dng)= ERP knh lu lng (dBm)
ch
h s tch cc knh v Mtong =M(1+

co
) vi
co
l phn trm b sung knh

lu lng cho chuyn giao
Cng sut thu ti MS tng v trn tng knh t trm cell l:
P
tong r,
= Ptong - Ltong (3.17)
P ht r, = P
ht
- Ltong (3.18)
P g nguoisudun ll r / ) ( , =P g nguoisudun ll / ) ( -Ltong (3.19)
P db r, = P
db
- Ltong (3.20)
Trong Ltong = -G
m
+ L
c
+L
b
+L pent +Mfade +L p -Gp
L p = Tn hao truyn sng trung bnh gia trm cell v MS (dB)
L pent = Tn hao thm nhp (dB)
L
b
= Tn hao c th/ nh hng (dB)
Mfade = Tn hao phi trm cell (dB)
G
m
= h s khuch i anten MS (dB)
45
G
b
= h s khuch i anten trm cell (dB)
Mt ph cng sut nhiu trong cell do cc ngi s dng khc cng cell gy ra
c xc nh nh sau:
I
ch o
= 10lg(10
tong r
P
,
1 . 0
-10
ch r
P
,
1 . 0
)-10lgB (dBm/Hz) (3.21)
Trong ch l hoa tiu, tm gi hay lu lng/ngi s dng v B l rng
bng tn
Mt ph cng sut nhiu ngoi cell gy ra do cc ngi s dng t cc cell
khc c xc nh nh sau
I
ch oc
= I
ch o
+ 10lg(1/f
r
-1) (dBm/Hz), f
r
tha s ti s dng (3.22)
Tng mt ph cng sut nhiu s l:
I
och
=10lg(10
ch oo
I

1 . 0
+10
ch oc
I

1 . 0
) (dBm/Hz) (3.23)
Mt ph cng sut tp m nhit l:
N
0
=10lg(290
1.38
10
23
) + N f +30 (dBm/Hz) (3.24)
N f l h s tp m i vi MS
Nng lng trn bit cho mt knh l:
E
bch
= P ch r, -10lgR
ch
, R
ch
l tc s liu knh (3.25)
Ta c
och
bch
I N
E
+
0
= P ch r, -10lgR
ch
-10lg(10
0
1 . 0 N
+10
och
I 1 . 0
) (dB) (3.26)
T phng trnh (3.26) ta tnh c :
1
]
1
t
c
I
E
ch r, =P ch r, -10lgB-10lg(10
0
1 . 0 N
+10
oht
I 1 . 0
) (3.27)
1
]
1
t
b
I
E
tg r, =P tg r, -10lgRtg -10lg(10
0
1 . 0 N
+10
otg
I 1 . 0
) (3.28)

1
]
1
t
b
I
E
db r, =P db r, -10lgR
db
-10lg(10
0
1 . 0 N
+10
odb
I 1 . 0
) (3.29)
1
]
1
t
b
I
E
ll r, =P ll r, -10lgR
ll
-10lg(10
0
1 . 0 N
+10
oll
I 1 . 0
) (3.30)
3.1.2.3 nhy my thu:
Khi tnh ton qu ng truyn, ta tnh n mc nhiu ca my thu BS i vi
mt sng mang WCDMA. T s tn hiu trn nhiu (SNR) yu cu ti my thu bao
gm: tng ch x l v tn hao do ti. Cng sut tn hiu yu cu (S) ph thuc vo
SNR yu cu, h s nhiu ca my thu v bng tn:
S = SNR.N
0
.B (3.31)
trong : SNR =
) - B(1
R
N
0
.B: nhiu nn; B: tc chip; : h s ti ca cell.
46
: Mc E
b
/N
0
yu cu
3.1.2.4 li chuyn giao mm v gii hn hiu ng che ti:
Khi tnh ton qu ng truyn, ta c tn hao ng hng cc i cho php v
ly gi tr tr i d tr fading chm (lin quan n xc sut ph). Khi c
lng xc sut ph, phi thit lp m hnh truyn sng v lch i vi fading
loga.
i vi trng hp trong nh, gi tr tn hao trong nh in hnh l khong
1520dB v lch khi tnh ton d tr fading loga l 10 12dB.
i vi trng hp ngoi tri, gi tr lch in hnh l khong 68dB v h
s truyn dn thng thng t 2,54. Xc sut yu cu l 9095%, xc sut ny
tng ng vi d tr fading t 78dB. i vi trng hp mt cell, ta c xc
sut vng ph nh sau:
F
u
=
2
1
[ 1
erf(a) + exp
,
_

b
ab
2
2 1
( 1
erf
) ]
,
_

b
ab 1
(3.32)
trong : a =
2
0
P x r
; b =
2
. . 10
n
lge
P
r
: mc tn hiu thu ra cell.
n: h s truyn dn.
x
0
: ngng tn hiu trung bnh
: lch ca cng trng; erf: hm s li.
Trong mng di ng WCDMA, vng ph ca cc cell chng ln ln nhau v
mt thu bao c th kt ni n nhiu cell ngoi cell ang phc v cho thu bao .
Trong thc t tn hiu t hai trm gc khc nhau khng hon ton tng quan, do vy
li chuyn giao mm thp hn so vi tnh ton.
3.1.3 Xc nh bn knh v vng ph sng cell:
Trc tin, da vo cc tham s ca RLB xc nh suy hao ng truyn ti
a cho php. Khi , d dng tnh c bn knh cell nu bit c m hnh truyn
sng p dng vi mi trng ang kho st
47
V d qu ng truyn ng ln cho dch v d liu thi gian thc 144 kbit/s (3km/h)
Cng sut pht T
x
cc i [W] 0,25 Eb/N
0
yu cu [dB] 1,5
Tng ch anten pht [dBi] 2,0 nhy my thu [dBm] -113,0
Suy hao c th ca MS ng ln [dB] 0,0 Tng ch anten RX [dB] 18,0
EIRP pht mi knh [dBm] 26,0 Suy hao cp ca BS [dB] 2,0
Mt ph tp m nhit [dBm/Hz] -174,0 Xc sut ph [%] 80%
H s tp m my thu trm gc [dB] 5,0 D tr fading nhanh [dB] 4,0
Mt ph tp m my thu [dBm/Hz] -169,0 Hng s fading chun log [dB] 12,0
Cng sut tp m my thu [dBm] -103,2 H s m m hnh truyn sng 3,52
D tr nhiu 3,0 Tn hao ng truyn cc i 151,0
Cng sut nhiu my thu [dB] -103,2 D tr fading chun log [dB] 4,2
Tng tp m hiu dng cng nhiu
[dBm]
-100,2
li chuyn giao mm [dB],
a cell
2,0
li x l [dB] 14,3 Tn hao trong nh [dB] 15,0
Tn hao ng truyn cho php i vi vng ph ca cell [dB] 139,9
Bng 3.1 V d tnh ton nng lng truyn sng ng ln.
T qu ng truyn trn (xem bng 3.7), bn knh cell c th tnh ton cho cc
m hnh truyn dn cho trc, v d m hnh Hata-Okumura hoc m hnh UMTS
dnh cho knh ngi i b v knh phng tin. M hnh truyn sng m t s
truyn dn tn hiu trung bnh trong mi trng v tnh suy hao ng truyn cc
i cho php theo dB thnh bn knh cell cc i theo km. V d cho m hnh Hata-
Okumura, cho cell macro thnh th vi cao anten trm di ng 1,5m v tn s sng
mang l f = 2GHz.
L = 158,235 - 13,82.lgh
BS
+ [44,9 - 6,55lgh
BS
].lgr (3.33)
Trong , L l suy hao ng truyn cc i (dB), h
BS
l cao anten trm gc,
r l bn knh cell (km).
Sau khi tnh c kch thc cell, d dng tnh c din tch vng ph vi ch
din tch vng ph ph thuc vo cu hnh phn on trm gc. Din tch vng ph
i vi mt cell c cu trc lc gic u c tnh nh sau:
S = K.r
2
(3.34)
Trong : S l din tch vng ph, r l bn knh cc i cell, K l hng s. Bng
3.8 lit k mt s gi tr ca K.
Cu hnh trm Omni 2-sector 3-sector 6-sector
K 2,6 1,3 1,95 2,6
Bng 3.2 Cc gi tr K s dng cho tnh ton vng ph sng.
3.1.4 Quy hoch dung lng v vng ph - lp ti u:
48
Khi xc nh c vng ph ca cell, ta s xc nh c lu lng c
phc v bi cell (da trn tham s mt thu bao ca tng dch v trong vng).
Cng c quy hoch s h tr vic ti u cc cu hnh vng ph, chn anten, hng
anten v v tr t i trm p ng cht lng dch v, dung lng v cc yu cu
dch v vi gi thnh thp.
Tuy nhin, vic tnh ton RLB ca h thng RAN WCDMA phc tp hn so
vi h thng da trn TDMA. l vic phn tch kt hp vng ph sng v dung
lng ngay c bc khi to ca qu trnh nh c. Do , nh khai thc cn phi
bit kh chnh xc s phn b v kh nng tng trng ca thu bao, v chng nh
hng trc tip ti vng ph. S lng sng mang, s lng sector, ti, s ngi s
dng, tt c chng s nh hng ti kt qu cui cng. Vic nm r thng tin v dung
lng cn c tc dng m bo tit kim chi ph u t phn cng trong qu trnh
quy hoch trin khai mng li WCDMA.
tnh ton dung lng, ta s dng mt s nh ngha sau :
- n v lu lng Erlang: Mt n v lu lng Erlang l mt mch thng tin
hot ng trong mt gi.
- Cp phc v (G
0
S): i lng biu th s % cuc gi khng thnh cng i vi
h thng tiu hao cn trong h thng i G
0
S l s % thu bao thc hin s gi tr
li.
- H thng thng tin hot ng theo kiu tiu hao: Gi thit v h thng m cc
thu bao khng h gi li khi cuc gi khng thnh cng.
- H thng thng tin hot ng theo kiu i: Gi thit v h thng m cc thu
bao s kin tr gi li cho n khi thnh cng.
Lu lng ca mt thu bao A c tnh theo cng thc sau:

3600
nT
A
(3.35)
Trong :
A : lu lng ca thu bao.
n : s trung bnh cc cuc gi trong mt gi.
T : thi gian trung bnh ca mt cuc gi (s).
Lu lng Erlang cn cho mt thu bao c tnh nh sau :

3600
u
CCH
mt
E (3.36)
Trong :
m : S ln thu bao s dng knh iu khin.
t
u
: Thi gian s dng trung bnh ca thu bao i vi knh iu khin
49
Pha hu x l
Khi to cc vng lp
ng vi s knh iu khin l N
CCH
, tra bng ta s c tng dung lng Erlang
cn thit l E
tot
. Tng s thu bao c phc v c tnh nh sau :

CCH
tot
total
E
E
S
(3.37)
phc v S
total
thu bao, ta tnh c tng lu lng Erlang cn thit theo cng
thc :

A
S
C
total
Erl
(3.38)
T gi tr C
Erl
tra bng ta s tnh c tng s knh cn thit.
Vi nhng c th v tnh mi m ca h thng WCDMA, xy dng mt bi
ton ti u trong qu trnh nh c l rt kh do ph thuc nhiu tham s khc nhau,
ngay c thng tin d bo v nhu cu dung lng ch mang tnh tng i. Do vy,
chng ta ch xem xt bi ton gn ti u v y l mt qu trnh lp. bc lp, khi
to, h s ti c gi thit l ti a 75% (gi tr ti a trn thc t), sau n s
c gim dn cn bng vi h s ti thc t. Khi h s ti t c khong (20-
30)% s l gi tr tt nht.
3.1.5 nh c RNC(Radio network Control)
Hu ht cc mng di ng u rt ln, do vy mt b iu khin mng v tuyn
RNC khng c kh nng x l lu lng trong ton mng. V vy, mng c chia
thnh cc khu vc, mi khu vc t di s qun l ca mt RNC. Mc tiu ca vic
nh c RNC l xc nh s RNC cn x l mt lu lng nht nh. C mt s
nhn t nh hng n dung lng ca RNC nh sau:
S lng cell cc i (mt cell c xc nh bng mt tn s v mt
m ngu nhin ha).
S lng BTS cc i ca mt RNC.
Lu lng cc i ti giao din Iub.
S lng v loi giao din (v d: STM-1, E1).
V d v dung lng ca mt RNC vi cc cu hnh khc nhau:
Cu hnh Lu lng Iub
(Mbps)
S BTS S cell Cc giao din khc
STM-1 E1
1 48 128 384 4*4 6*16
2 85 192 576 4*4 8*16
3 122 256 768 4*4 10*16
4 159 256 960 4*4 12*16
5 196 384 1152 4*4 14*16
Bng 3.3 V d v dung lng ca mt RNC.
50
M hnh truyn sng
Tham s iu chnh
Pha hu x l
Khi to cc vng lp
S lng RNC cn thit kt ni n mt s cell nht nh c th c tnh
theo cng thc sau:

trong :
numCells: s lng cell ca vng ang thc hin vic nh c.
cellsRNC: s lng cell cc i m RNC c kh nng h tr.
fillrate_1: h s s dng d phng cho dung lng cc i.
S lng RNC cn thit kt ni n mt s BTS nht nh c th c tnh
theo cng thc sau:
numRNCs =
trong :
numBTSs: s BTS trong khu vc cn nh c.
btsRNC: s BTS cc i c th kt ni n RNC.
fillrate_2: h s s dng d phng cho dung lng cc i.
Da trn dung lng d tnh, c nhiu phng php nh c RNC nh sau:
Lu lng h tr (gii hn trn ca nh c RNC): th hin dung lng thit
b quy hoch mng, thng thng c quy hoch sao cho n ln hn dung lng
yu cu.
Lu lng yu cu (gii hn di ca nh c RNC): l gi tr lu lng
trung bnh thc t trn ton mng.
Giao din truyn dn Iub: nu nh c RNC phc v N trm, th tng dung
lng ca giao din truyn dn Iub phi ln hn N ln dung lng ca mi trm.
3.2 Quy hoch chi tit:
Vic quy hoch chi tit c thc hin s dng phn mm quy hoch mng.
y, ta phn tch phn mm m phng tnh, cho nn mc d thc t cc thu bao
khng di ng tuy nhin cc thu bao c cc tc khc nhau.
Chng trnh m phng gm c 3 phn c bn: Phn khi to, phn tch tng
hp ng ln v ng xung, v phn hu x l.
51
numBTSs
btsRNC . fillrate_2
(3.40)
numCells
cellsRNC . fillrate_1
(3.39)
numRNCs =
M hnh truyn sng
Tham s iu chnh
Pha khi to
Pha hu x l
Vng lp kt hp
UL/DL
Khi to ton b
Khi to cc vng lp
Bc lp UL
Bc lp DL
Hu x l
Hin th ha
Phn tch vng ph
Kt thc
Hnh 3.7 Tng quan m phng tnh.
3.2.1 Pha khi to:
3.2.1.1 Phn tch suy hao ng truyn v cc m hnh truyn dn:
Trong qu trnh quy hoch mng, cc m hnh truyn dn c s dng tnh
cng trng tn hiu ca mt my pht trong vng tnh ton. Trong cc cell v
m, gi thit rng cc my pht trn nh mi nh v my thu trn mt t. S
truyn lan sng v tuyn t b pht n b thu tnh ton khng n gin v nhiu tr
ngi v cu trc knh phc tp. Trong cell vi m, vic tnh ton n gin hn v
thng ch c mt t ng tn hiu mnh.
Trong quy hoch cell v m, mi trng truyn dn phc tp v khong cch t
my pht n my thu ln v ng truyn sng kh xc nh. Trong iu kin s
dng m hnh thc nghim hoc bn thc nghim c hiu qu hn. Nhng m hnh
ny s dng cc tham s t do v cc h s iu chnh khc nhau c th c iu
chnh bng s liu o. Cc m hnh thc nghim c s dng c hiu qu trong iu
kin mi trng gn my pht t nh hng n truyn sng.
3.2.1.2 Cc m hnh truyn dn c bn:
Phn ny gii thiu 2 m hnh truyn dn c s dng rng ri, l m hnh
Hata-Okumura v Walfisch-Ikegami. Nhng m hnh thc nghim ny l nhng
phng tin c bn cho vic tnh ton suy hao truyn dn.
3.2.1.2.1 M hnh Hata-Okumura:
52
a hnh
Hnh thi
hc
Hng
ph
M hnh truyn sng
Suy hao tuyn c
bn
cao hiu
dng anten
Tham s iu chnh
LOS NLOS
Hnh 3.8 Cc thnh phn ca m hnh truyn sng.
M hnh Hata-Okumura l quan h thc nghim c rt ra t bo co k
thut ca Okumura cho php s dng cc kt qu vo cc cng c tnh ton. Bo co
ca Okumura bao gm mt chui cc lu c s dng lp m hnh thng tin
v tuyn. Da trn cc o lng c thc hin bi Y.Okumura Tokyo ti tn s
1920 MHz, cc o lng ny va khp vi m hnh ton hc ca M.Hata.
Trong m hnh ny, ban u suy hao ng truyn c tnh bng cch tnh
h s iu chnh Anten cho cc vng th l hm ca khong cch gia trm gc,
trm di ng v tn s. H s ny c a vo suy hao khng gian t do. Kt qu
c iu chnh bng cc h s cho cao anten trm gc v trm di ng. Ngoi ra,
cc h s iu chnh c cp cho hng ph, cc vng ngoi , cc vng m v cc
a hnh khng u.
Cc biu thc ton hc c s dng trong m hnh Hata-Okumura xc
nh tn hao trung bnh L:
L
p
= 69,55 + 26,16lgf
c
13,82lgh
b
a(h
m
) + (44,9 6,55lgh
b
)lgr dB (3.41)
trong : f
c
: tn s hot ng (MHz); L
p
: tn hao trung bnh
h
b
: cao anten trm gc (m); h
m
:

cao anten trm di ng (m)
r : bn knh cell (khong cch t trm gc) (km)
a(h
m
): h s hiu chnh cho cao anten di ng (dB)
Di thng s s dng c cho m hnh Hata l:
150 f
c
1500 MHz; 30 h
b
200 m; 1 h
m
10 m; 1 r 20 km.
a(h
m
) tnh nh sau:
i vi thnh ph nh v trung bnh:
a(h
m
) = (1,11lgf
c
-0,7)h
m
(1,56lgf
c
0,8)dB (3.42)
i vi thnh ph ln:
a(h
m
) = 8.29(lg1,54h
m
)
2
1,1 dB f
c
200 MHz (3.43)
hay: a(h
m
) = 3,2(lg11,75h
m
)
2
4,97 dB f
c
400 MHz (3.44)
Nh vy bn knh cell c tnh :

( ) [ ]
b
m b c p
h
h a h f L
r
lg . 55 , 6 9 , 44
lg . 82 , 13 lg . 16 , 26 55 , 69
lg
+ +
(3.45)
Vng ngoi :
Vi vng ngoi h s hiu chnh suy hao so vi vng thnh ph l:
L
no
= L
p
- 2
1
1
]
1
,
_
,
_
4 , 5
28
lg
2
c
f
(dB) (3.46)
53
3.2.1.2.2 M hnh Walfisch - Ikegami:
+ M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami (hay COST 231) c s dng nh gi tn
hao ng truyn mi trng thnh ph cho h thng thng tin t ong (cellular)
di tn 800-2000 MHz. M hnh ny c s dng chu u cho h thng GSM
v mt s m hnh truyn hnh M. M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami cha 3 phn t: tn
hao khng gian t do; nhiu x mi nh-ph v tn hao tn x; tn hao do nhiu vt
chn.
+ M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami da vo gi thit rng s truyn lan sng c
truyn trn mi nh bng qu trnh nhiu x. Cc ta nh nm trn ng thng gia
my pht v my thu.
.
H nh3.9 Cc tham s trong m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami
Cc biu thc s dng cho m hnh ny nh sau:
L
p
= L
f
+ L
rts
+ L
msd
(3.47)
hay L
p
= L
f
khi L
rts
+ L
msd
0 (3.48)
trong : L
f
: tn hao khng gian t do
L
rts
: nhiu x mi nh - ph v tn hao tn x
L
msd
: tn hao cc vt che chn.
- Tn hao khng gian t do L
f
c xc nh:
L
f
= 32,4 +20lgr + 20lgf
c
(dB) (3.49)
- Nhiu x mi nh - ph v tn hao phn tn tnh nh sau:
L
rts
= (-16,7) -10lgW + 10lgf
c
+ 20lgh
m
+ L
ori
(dB) (3.50)
trong : W: rng ph (m); h
m
= h
r
- h
m
(m);
-9,646 (dB) 0 55 ()
2,5 + 0,075(-55) (dB) 55 90 ()
54
L
ori
=
'
d
h
m
Anten trm di ng
Mt ng
Ta nh
w
b
h
r
Hng di chuyn
Sng ti
My di ng
h
b
trong : l gc n so vi trc ph.
- Tn hao cc vt che chn:
L
msd
= L
bsh
+ k
a
+ k
d
lgr + k
f
lgf
c
9lgb (3.51)
trong : b: khong cch gia ta nh dc theo ng truyn v tuyn (m).

'
<
> +
r b
r b b
bsh
h h
h h h
L
, 0
), 1 lg( . 18
k
a
=
'
<

>
) , 500 ( , 6 , 1 54
) , 500 ( , 8 , 0 54
) ( , 54
r b b
r b
b
r b
h h m r r h
h h m r h
h h

'
<
r b
r b
m
b
d
h h
h h
h
h
k
, 18
,
15
18

,
_
+ 1
925
5 , 1 4
c
f
f
k
vi thnh ph ln.

,
_
+ 1
925
7 , 0 4
c
f
f
k
vi thnh ph trung bnh.
Vi trng hp tia nhn thng (LOS):
L
p
= 42,6 + 26lgr + 20lgf
c
(3.52)
Vi trng hp tia khng nhn thng (NLOS):
L
p
= 32,4 + 20lgr + 20lgf
c
+ L
rts
+ L
msd
(3.53)
Nh vy bn knh cell tnh theo m hnh Walfisch Ikegami l :

( )
( )
d
c f a m bsh ori p
k
f k b k h W L L L
r
+
+ + +
20
7 , 15 lg 30 lg 9 lg 20 lg 10
lg
(3.54)
Di thng s cho m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami phi tha mn:
800 f
c
2000 MHz; 4 h
b
50 m; 1 h
m
3 m; 0,02 r

5 km
C th s dng cc gi tr mc nh sau cho m hnh:
b = 20 50m; W = b/2; = b/2.
Nc nh = 3 m cho nc nh c cao v 0 m cho nc nh phng.
h
r
= 3 x (s tng) + nc nh
Ta tnh ton tn hao ng truyn t m hnh Hata v Walfisch-Ikegami theo
cc s liu di y v so snh kt qu:
f
c
= 880 MHz h
r
= 30 m
55
h
m
= 1,5 m = 90
h
b
= 30 m b = 30 m
nc nh = 0 m W = 15 m
Khong cch
(km)
Tn hao ng truyn, dB
M hnh Hata M hnh Walfisch-Ikegami
1
2
3
4
5
126,16
136,77
142,97
147,37
150,79
139,45
150,89
157,58
162,33
166,01
Bng 3.4 So snh tn hao ng truyn t m hnh Hata v Walfisch-Ikegami.
Tn hao ng truyn d on theo m hnh Hata thp hn 13-16 dB so vi
m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami. Tuy nhin, m hnh Hata b qua nh hng ca rng
ng ph, nhiu x ph v cc tn hao tn x. Cc nh hng ny c xt n
m hnh Walfisch-Ikegami.
3.2.2 Lp ng ln v ng xung:
y, ta phn tch cc phng php v thut ton trong phn tch lp trong
pha quy hoch chi tit ca mng v tuyn 3G bao gm: cc yu cu a dch v v
Q
0
S, iu khin cng sut pht nhanh ng ln v xung, chuyn giao mm v
mm hn, chuyn giao kt hp, knh truyn dn a ng, tc ca u cui.
Mc ch ca qu trnh lp ng ln l cp pht cng sut pht cho trm
di ng mc tp m, xuyn m v cc gi tr nhy trm gc hi t. Cc cng
sut pht trung bnh ca cc trm gc ti mi trm di ng c xc nh sao cho
p ng yu cu E
b
/N
0
ti trm gc. Cc cng sut pht trung bnh ca cc trm di
ng da trn nhy ca cc trm gc, d liu v tc ca trm di ng, cc suy
hao tuyn ti cc trm di ng. Cc cng sut pht ny c so snh vi cc cng
sut cho php pht ca cc MS, nu vt qu gii hn ny coi nh vt ngng
(ngng thng tin). Sau d tnh li nhiu, gi tr ti mi v nhy mi cho tng
BS c n nh. Nu h s ti ng ln cao hn gii hn c thit lp, cc MS
chuyn dch mt cch ngu nhin cell c ti cao n mt sng mang khc hoc b
vt ngng.
Mt cch xc nh cc vn ca cng ngh WCDMA trong lp UL l
xem chng ph thuc nh th no vo cc BS m MS c ni ti, chn la mt
BS phc v tt nht. Tng t UL, mc ch ca lp DL l gn cng sut pht BS
cho mi kt ni s dng bi mt MS, cho n khi tt c cc MS nhn tn hiu.
3.2.3 Hu x l - D bo vng ph mng v phn tch knh chung:
56
Phn ny s thc hin vic nh gi xc sut vng ph v phn tch cc knh
chung v ring trong UMTS:UL DCH, DL DCH, P-CPICH,BCH, FACH v PCH.
Trong tt c cc phn tch c thc hin vi gi thit trng thi nhiu l c nh.
iu ny c ngha l mt phn b lu lng xc nh c gi thit v cc lp DL
v UL hi t. Mt MS kim tra c di chuyn qua tt c cc im bn trong vng
v tt c cc MS khc c phc v ang ng gp vo nhiu. MS kim tra khng
nh hng ln trng thi nhiu, do t s nhiu cell khc / ni cell s khng thay
i v tng cng sut pht ca BS phc v vn nh trc vng lp.

3.3 Ti u mng:
Ti u mng l qu trnh phn tch cu hnh v hiu nng mng nhm ci thin
cht lng mng tng th v m bo ti nguyn ca mng c s dng mt cch
c hiu qu.
Giai on u ca qu trnh ti u l nh ngha cc ch th hiu nng chnh.
Chng gm cc kt qu o h thng qun l mng v s liu o thc t xc nh
cht lng dch v. Vi s gip ca h thng qun l mng ta c th phn tch
hiu nng qu kh, hin ti v d bo tng lai.
Mc ch ca phn tch cht lng mng l cung cp cho nh khai thc mt ci
nhn tng quan v cht lng v hiu nng ca mng, bao gm vic lp k hoch v
trng hp o ti hin trng v o bng h thng qun l mng lp bo co iu
tra. i vi h thng 2G, cht lng dch v gm: thng k cc cuc gi b rt v
phn tch nguyn nhn, thng k chuyn giao v kt qu o cc ln gi thnh cng.
Cn cc h thng 3G c cc dch v rt a dng nn cn a ra cc nh ngha mi v
cht lng dch v.
Trong h thng thng tin di ng th h ba vic ti u ha mng rt quan trng
v mng th h ba cung cp nhiu dch v a dng. iu chnh t ng phi cung cp
cu tr li nhanh cho cc iu khin thay i lu lng trong mng. Trong giai on
u ca qu trnh xy dng mng WCDMA ch c mt s thng s l c iu
chnh t ng v v th cn phi duy tr qu trnh ti u ha ca h thng GSM.
Tng kt chng 3:
Chng ny trnh by 3 pha trong qu trnh quy hoch mng WCDMA: Khi to
quy hoch (nh c mng), quy hoch chi tit mng, vn hnh v ti u ha mng. Trong
, phn nh c mng c phn tch c th v a ra s khi qu trnh nh c, cng
nh cc cng thc tnh ton, phn tch qu nng lng ng truyn v tuyn, bn knh v
din tch cell, quy hoch dung lng v vng ph. Ngoi ra, trong phn quy hoch chi tit
cng cp n 2 m hnh truyn dn c bn c s dng rng ri, l m hnh
Hata-Okumura v Walfisch-Ikegami. Nhng m hnh thc nghim ny l nhng phng tin
c bn cho vic tnh ton suy hao ng truyn.
p dng phn l thuyt quy hoch mng WCDMA trn tin hnh quy hoch cho
mt vng th Vit Nam, c th trong n ny s thc hin cho thnh ph Nng
57
da vo vic phn tch tnh hnh thc t trn mi lnh vc. Phn tnh ton thit k quy hoch
mng WCDMA cho Nng s c trnh by trong chng tip theo.
58

Chuong3 (Rui) QHM

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chuong3 (Rui) QHM

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

u ra

nn vng ph sng ca cell s gim cng vi s

h s tch cc knh v Mtong =M(1+

l phn trm b sung knh

You might also like