Nguyễn Đức Sử

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Khoa C kh n c s thit k my

GVHD : NGUYN NG BNH THNH
SVTH : NGUYN NH NG Page 1

Li ni u

Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh l yu cu khng th thiu i vi
mt k s ngnh c kh, nhm cung cp cc kin thc c s v my v kt cu
my. Thng qua n mn hc Chi tit my, mi sinh vin c h thng li cc
kin thc hc nhm tnh ton thit k chi tit my theo cc ch tiu ch yu v
kh nng lm vic; thit k kt cu chi tit my, v khung v b my; chn cp
chnh xc, lp ghp v phng php trnh by bn v, trong cung cp nhiu s
liu mi v phng php tnh, v dung sai lp ghp v cc s liu tra cu khc.
Do khi thit k n chi tit my phi tham kho cc gio trnh nh Chi tit
my, Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh, Dung sai v lp ghp, Nguyn l my
...tng bc gip sinh vin lm quen vi cng vic thit k v ngh nghip sau
ny ca mnh.
Trong hc phn c s thit k my, nhm cng c kin thc cho sinh vin,
em c giao ti : THIT K H DN NG BNG TI Vi s hng
dn tn tnh ca ging vin Nguyn ng Bnh Thnh .Nhim v ca em l thit
k h dn ng bng ti gm c b truyn ai, hp gim tc bnh rng tr rng
nghing v b truyn xch. H c dn ng bng ng c in thng qua khp
ni, qua b truyn ai, hp gim tc v b truyn xch truyn ng n bng
ti.
Ln u tin lm quen vi cng vic thit k, vi mt khi lng kin thc
tng hp ln, v c nhiu phn em cha nm vng, d tham kho cc ti liu
song khi thc hin n, trong tnh ton khng th trnh c nhng thiu st.
Em mong c s gp v gip ca cc thy c gio v bn b.
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong Khoa, c bit l thy
Nguyn ng Bnh Thnh hng dn tn tnh v cho em nhiu kin qu bu
cho vic hon thnh n mn hc ny....
Hng Yn, ngy 01/11/2011
Sinh vin: Nguyn nh ng

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N HC PHN C S THIT K MY
S 1A
(Thit k h dn ng bng ti)

S liu cho trc:
1 Lc ko bng ti F 3000 N
2 Vn tc bng ti v 1,8 m/s
3 ng knh bng ti D 500 mm
4 Thi gian phc v L
h
24000 Gi
5 S ca lm vic 1 Ca
6 Gc nghing ng ni tm b truyn
ngoi
45
7 c tnh lm vic m

Khi lng thit k:
1 Bn v lp hp gim tc A
o
2 Bn v ch to chi tit (1 bn A
3
)
3 Bn thuyt minh A
4

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Mc lc
CHNG 1: TNH TON NG HC
1.1Chn ng c
1.2 Phn phi t s truyn
1.3 Tnh cc thng s k thut ca b truyn
CHNG 2: TNH TON THIT K CC B TRUYN
2.1 Tnh ton thit k b truyn ai
2.2 Tnh ton thit k b truyn xch
2.3 Tnh ton thit k b truyn bnh rng
CHNG 3:TNH TON THIT K TRC
3.1 Chn vt liu
3.2 Tnh ton thit k trc
3.3 Xc nh ng knh v chiu di cc on trc
3.4 Kim nghim trc v bn mi
3.5 Kim nghim trc v bn tnh
CHNG 4: TNH CHN THEN
4.1 Chn then cho trc I
4.2 Chn then cho trc II
CHNG 5:TNH TON V CHN LN
CHNG 6:TNH TON THIT K KT CU V HP
6.1 V hp
6.2 Tnh ton thit k cc chi tit khc
CHNG 7: BI TRN N KHP V BI TRN TRC
7.1 Cc phng php bi trn trong v ngoi hp gim tc
7.2 Bi trn ln
CHNG 8: CHN KIU LP GHP V XY DNG BN V
8.1 Xy dng bn v lp
8.2 Chn cc kiu lp ghp ch yu

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CHNG 1.TNH TON NG HC
1.1 Chn ng c
Hin nay c hai loi ng c l c in mt chiu v c in xoay chiu, thun tin
v ph hp vi mng li in hin nay ca nc ta. Ta chn ng c xoay chiu, ng
c khng ng b ba pha roto ngn mch v nhng u im sau:
Kt cu n gin, gi thnh thp, lm vic tin cy, c th mc trc tip vo mng
li in ba pha khng cn phi i dng in.
1.1.1 Tnh ton cng sut lm vic
1.Cng sut lm vic ( ct 2.11 [I] )
P
lv
=
.
1000
F v
(kW) (1_1)

Trong :
-Lc ko bng ti: F =3000 (N)
-Vn tc bng ti : v = 1,8 (m/s)

P
lv
= 5,4(kW)

2. Cng sut tng ng ( cng thc 2.14 [I] )
ng c lm vic vi ti trng thay i: T
mm
=1,4T
1
; T
2
=0,8T
1;
T
3
=0,3T
1
; t
1
=2h;
t
2
=3h; t
3
=2h; t
ck
=7h
P
td
= P
lv
.
| =
2
2 2 2 2 i i
i = 1
1 k
P t 2 7200 10800 7200
. = 1,4 . +1 . +0,8 +0,3 =0,765
P t 25200 25200 25200 25200
| |
|
\ .

P
td
= 5,4 . 0,765 = 4,131 (KW)
3.Cng sut cn thit
Cng sut cn thit trn trc ng c l
P
ct
=
td
ht
P
q

V b truyn c 3 cp ln, khng c khp ni, 1 b truyn ai, 1 b
truyn xch v 1 b truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing
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Tnh hiu sut ca h thng ( cng thc 2.8 2.9 [I] )
Theo bng 2.3 tr19 [I]
Hiu s ca b truyn bnh rng :
br
= 0,96
Hiu s truyn ca b truyn xch :
x
= 0,92
Hiu sut ca b truyn ai :
=0,95
Hiu sut truyn ca ln :

Hiu sut h thng :
ht
=
br
.
x
.
.

ol
3

=

0,992
3
. 0,92 . 0,95 =0,819 (1_3)
P
ct
=
td
ht
P
q
=
4,131
0, 819
= 5,043 (kW)
1.1.2 Tnh ton s b s vng quay ng b
Theo cng thc 2.16 [I] ta c s vng quay trn trc cng tc:
n
lv
=

60000. .
.
v
D t

=
60000.1, 8
.500 t
= 68,75 (Vng/pht ) (1_4)
Trong :
- v: Vn tc bng ti (m/s)
- D: ng knh bng ti (mm)
T s truyn chung ca h dn ng (s b) u
t
= u
x
.u
.u
br

Tra bng 2.4 tr21 [I], ta c:
- u
x
=4: Truyn ng xch
- u
=3,4: Truyn ng ai thang

- u
br
=3,15: Truyn ng bnh rng tr hp gim tc 1 cp
u
t
= 3,15.3,4.4 = 40,8
Vy:n
sb
=n
lv.
u
sb
=

68,75.40,8=2805 (Vng/pht) ( cng thc 2.18 [I] )
1.1.3 Chn ng c
+ ng c c chn phi tha mn:
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- P
c
P
ct
- n
b
~n
sb

+ Mmen m my phi tha mn iu kin:
mm
T
T
k
dn
T
T

Theo bi ra ta c:
mm
T
T
=1,4
Tra bng P 1.3:Cc thng s k thut ca ng c 4A (trang 236,237,242) ta
c kt qu
Bng 1_1 : Thng s ng c c chn

Kiu ng c Cng
sut
Vn
tc
quay
T
k
/T
dn
Cos

Khi
lng
4A100L2Y3 5,5 2880 2,0 0,91 56,0

ng c tha mn cc thng s cn thit
1.2 Phn phi t s truyn
u
t
=
dc
lv
n
n
=
2880
68, 75
= 41,89 Mt khc : u
tng
=u
ai
.u
bnh

rng.
u
xch

Chn : u
x
=4 ; u
bnh rng
=3,15
u
ai
=
41,89
4.3,15
= 3,49
3, 4 3, 49
.100% .100% 2, 57% 4%
3, 49
dchon dtinhtoan
dtinhtoan
u u
u

= = <
Tha mn
1.3 Tnh cc thng s k thut ca b truyn
1.3.1 S vng quay trn cc trc
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Trc ng c : n
ng c
= n
0
= 2880 (Vng/pht)
Trc I : n
I
=
dc
u
n
=
2880
3, 49
= 825 (Vng/pht)
Trc II :n
II
=
br
u
n
I
=
825
3
=275 (Vng/pht)
Trc cng tc :n
III
=
x
u
n
I I
=
275
4
= 68 (Vng/pht)
1.3.2 Cng sut trn cc trc
Ta c :
Cng sut trc ng c: P
dc
= P
ct
=5,043 (KW )

Cng sut trn trc I : P
I
= P
III
.
.
ol
=4,131 . 0,95 .0,992= 4,75 (kW)
Cng sut trn trc II: P
II
= P
I
.
=4,75 . 0,992.0,96= 4,52 (kW)

Cng sut trn trc lm vic : P
lv
= P
II
.
x
.
ol
2

= 4,52.0,92.0,992
2
=4,09 (kW)
1.3.3 Momen xon trn cc trc
Trc ng c :
T
ng c
=
6
0
.9, 55.10
ct
P
n
= 9,55.10
6

5, 043
2880
= 16722,44 (Nmm)
Trc I:
T
I
= 9,55.10
6

I
I
P
n
=9,55.10
6
.
4, 75
825
= 54984,84 (Nmm)
Trc II:
T
II
= 9,55.10
6

II
II
P
n
= 9,55.10
6
.
4, 52
275
= 156967,27(Nmm)
Trc cng tc:
T
ct
= 9,55.10
6

lv
lv
P
n
= 9,55.10
6

4, 09
68, 75
= 568138,18 (Nmm)
Bng 1_2: Thng s cc trc lm vic ca c cu

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Trc

Thng s
Trc ng c Trc I Trc II Trc cng tc
T s truyn
u
= 3,4 u
br
= 3,15 u
x
= 4
Cng sut P (kW)
5,043

4,75

4,52

4,09
S vng quay
(vng/pht)
2880 825 275 68
Momen xon
(N.mm)
16722,44 54984,84 156967,27 568138,18

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CHNG 2. TNH TON THIT K CC B TRUYN
2.1. Tnh ton thit k b truyn ai
2.1.1 La chn loi ai
Truyn ng ai c dng truyn chuyn ng v mmen xon gia cc
trc xa nhau. ai c mc ln hai bnh vi lc cng ban u F
o
, nh c th to
ra lc ma st trn b mt tip xc gia ai v bnh ai v nh lc ma st m ti
trng c truyn i.
Thit k truyn ai gm cc bc :
- Chn loi ai, tit din ai
- Xc nh cc kch thc v thng s b truyn.
- Xc nh cc thng s ca ai theo ch tiu v kh nng ko ca ai v v tui th.
- Xc nh lc cng ai v lc tc dng ln trc.
Theo hnh dng tit din ai, phn ra : ai dt (tit din ch nht), ai hnh
thang (ai hnh chm), ai nhiu chm (ai hnh lc) v ai rng
2.1.2 Xc nh kiu ai
Cc thng s ca ng c v t s truyn ca b truyn ai:
n
dc
= 2880 (vng/pht) ; P
ng c
=P
0
=5,043 (KW) ; u
= 3,4 ;
Chn loi tit din ai hnh thang v do khng c yu cu c bit no nn ta
chn loi ai hnh thang bnh thng loi A trong bng 4.13[I]. Theo , thng s
kch thc c bn ca ai c cho trong bng sau:
Bng 2_1 : Cc thng s ca ai c chn

Loi
ai
Kch thc mt ct Din tch
tit din
A, (mm
2
)

d
1
(mm)

Chiu di
gii hn l
(mm)

b
1

b

h

y
0
Thang
A
11 13 8 2,8 81 140

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Hnh v di y th hin kch thc mt ct ngang ca dy ai:
13
11
8
2
,
8
40
0

Hnh 2_1 :Kich thc mt ct ngang ca ai thang

2.1.3 Tnh chn s b ai
Vi T
c
=16722,44 (N.mm): Mmen xon trn trc bnh ai nh
Theo bng 4.21 tr63 [1] chn d
1
= 160mm
Tnh vn tc ai:
1 1
. . .140.2880
60000 60000
d n
v
t t
= = = 21,11 (m/s) (2_1)
v < v
max
= 25 (m/s)
Nh vy vn tc ai tnh ton nh hn vn tc ai cho php v
max
= 25 (m/s)
(i vi loi ai thng)
Ta c h s trt ai : = 0,01 0,02
Suy ra ng knh ai ln
d
2
=
1
.
1
d
d u
c
=
140.3, 4
1 0, 02
= 485,71 (mm) (2_2)
Suy ra t s truyn thc t bng t s truyn chn
Theo bng 4.21 tr63 [I] ,chn d
2
= 500 mm
- Vy t s truyn thc t:
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2
1
500
3, 6
(1 ) 140(1 0, 02)
t
d
u
d c
= = =

Sai s t s truyn l:
3, 6 3, 49
.100% .100%
3, 49
t
u u
u
u

A = = =3,15%<4% (2_3)
Tha mn phm vi cho php
- Tnh khong cch trc:
Theo cng thc (4.3) tr53 [I], ta c:
a(1,52)(d
1
+d
2
)=(1,52)(140+500)=(9601280)mm
Chn a
sb
= 1200 mm
Chiu di s b ca ai l :
l
sb
= 2.a
sb
+
2
) (
2 1
d d + t
+
sb
a
d d
. 4
) (
2
1 2

= 2 . 1200 +
(140 500)
2
t +
+
2
(500 140)
4.1200

= 3405,38 (mm)
Tra bng 4.13 tr 63 [I], ta chn chiu di ai tiu chun l l
d
=3550 mm
S vng chy ca ai:
i =
v
l
=
21100
3550
= 5,94 < i
max
= 10 (2_4)
chiu di ca ai m bo bn

Khong cch trc tnh ton l :
a = ( +
2 2
8 A )/4 (2_5)
vi =
1 2
( )
2
d d
l
t +
=
(140 500)
3550
2
t +
= 2544,69 (mm)
v: A = (d
2
-d
1
)/2 = (500 - 140) / 2 = 180 (mm)
a =
2 2
2544, 69 2544, 69 8.180
4
+
=1259(mm)
Vy khong cch thc t l 1259 mm
iu kin khong cch trc cn tha mn:
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0,55(d
1
+ d
2
) + h a 2(d
1
+ d
2
)
Ta c: 0,55(d
1
+ d
2
) +h = 0,55.(140 + 500) + 8 = 360 (mm)
2(d
1
+ d
2
) = 2.(140 + 450) = 1280 (mm)
Vy tr s a tha mn iu kin cho php v khong cch trc.
Tnh gc m o
1
trn bnh ai nh( theo cng thc 4.7 tr 54 [I] ):
o
1
= 180
o
-
a
d d
o
57 ). (
1 2

(2_6)
= 180
0
-
(500 140).57
1259
o
= 163,70
Vy o
1
= 163,70
O
>120
O
gc m tha mn iu kin.

2.1.4 Xc nh s ai
S ai c tnh theo cng thc 4.16 tr60[I] )
z =
| |
z u l
d cd
C C C C P
K P
o
.
.
0
(2_7)
Trong :
+ Cng sut trn trc bnh ai ch ng :
P
c
= P
0
= P
c
= 5,043 ( kW )
+ Cng sut cho php : (Tra bng 4.19 tr62[I] )
[P
0
] = 5,34 ( kW)
+ H s ti trng ng : (Tra bng 4.7 tr55 [I] )
K
d
= 1,2
+ H s k n nh hng ca gc m o
1
: (Tra bng 4.10 tr 57 [I] )
C
o
= 0,91
+ H s k n nh hng ca chiu di ai: (Tra bng 4.16 v 4.19 [I] )
C
l
= 1,04
+ H s k n nh hng ca t s truyn : ( Tra bng 4.17 tr 61 [I] )
C
u
= 1,14
+ H s k n nh hng ca s phn b khng u ti trng cho cc dy ai :
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Ta chn : C
z
= 0,95 (Tra bng 4.18 tr 62[I] )
Suy ra : z = 1,85
Vy ta chn z =2
2.1.5 Xc nh chiu rng bnh ai
- Chiu rng ca bnh ai c xc nh theo cng thc:
B = (z - 1)t + 2e (2_8)
Tra bng 4.21 tr63[I] :
t = 15 mm ; e = 10 mm ; h
0
= 3,3mm
Vy: B = (2 - 1).15 + 2.10 = 35 mm
ng knh ngoi ca bnh ai :
d
a
= d + 2h
0
(2_9)

- ng knh ngoi ca bnh ai nh l:
d
a1
= d
1
+ 2h
0
= 140 +2.3,3 =146,6 (mm)
- ng knh ngoi ca bnh ai ln l:
d
a2
= d
2
+ 2h
0
= 485,71 + 2.3,3 = 492,31 (mm)
Theo bng 4.21 chn d
a1
= 160(mm)
d
a2
= 500(mm)
2.1.6.Xc nh cc lc trong b truyn
- Xc nh lc vng theo cng thc:
F
v
= q
m
. v
2
(2_10)
Vi :
Khi lng 1 mt chiu di ai q
m
= 0,105 (kg/m).
( Tra bng 4.22 tr64 [I] )
F
v
= 0,105.21,11
2
= 46,791 (N)
- Xc nh lc cng ban u (theo cng thc 4.19 [I] )
F
0
=
780. .
. .
o d
P K
v C z
o
+ F
v
=
780.5, 043.1, 2
21,11.0, 91.2
+ 46,791 = 168,31 (N) (2_11)
Lc tc dng ln trc :
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F
r
= 2F
0
.z.sin |
.
|
\
|
2
1
o
= 2.168,31.2.sin
163, 70
2
| |
|
\ .
= 666,44 (N)
F
1
F
1
F
2
F
2
F
r O
1
d
1
n
1
1
25
1
25
O
2
d
2
2
2
n
2
a
w1

Hnh 2_2: S lc tc dng ln trc khi b truyn ai lm vic

B
e t
h
d d
a
h
0

Hnh 2_3 :Mt ct ngang ca bnh ai v dy ai

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Bng 2_2: Thng s b truyn ai
Khong cch trc thc a thc a = 1259 mm
Gc m
1
= 163,70
o
ng knh bnh nh d
a1
=160 mm
ng knh bnh ln d
a2
= 500 mm
Chiu di ai L = 3550 mm
B rng ca bnh ai B = 35 mm
B rng ca dy ai b = 13 mm
Lc tc dng ln trc F
r
= 666,44 N

2.2.Tnh ton thit k b truyn xch
2.2.1 Chn loi xch
Do b truyn ti khng ln, ta chn loi xch ng - con ln mt dy, gi tt
l xch con ln mt dy. Loi xch ny ch to n gin, gi thnh h v c
bn mn cao.
2.2.2 Xc nh cc thng s ca xch v b truyn xch
1. Chn s rng a xch
S rng a xch nh : Vi u
xch
= 4
z
1
= 29 - 2.4=21>19 ( Tra bng 5.4 tr80 [I] )
Chn z
1
= 23
S rng a xch ln:
z
2
= u
xch
. z
1
= 23.4,43 = 101,89 s z
max
=120
Chn z
2
= 101
2.Xc nh bc xch
Bc xch p c xc nh t ch tiu v bn mn ca bn l. iu kin
m bo ch tiu v bn mn ca b truyn xch c vit di dng:
P
t
= P. k. k
z
. k
n
s [P] (2_12)
Trong :
P
t
- Cng sut tnh ton
P = 5,043 (kW) - Cng sut cn truyn;
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Xc nh cng sut cho php [P] ca xch con ln: vi z
01
=25, n
01
= 200 vng/pht,
bc xch p=25,4 theo bng 5.5 tr80 [I]
Ta c P=11(KW) (Tra bng 5.5 tr 81[I] )

H s rng : k
z
=
1
01
z
z
=
25
23
= 1,08
k
n
- H s vng quay; k
n
=
01
II
n
n
=
200
275
= 0,727
H s k c xc nh theo cng thc:
k = k
o
. k
a
. k
c
. k
bt
. k
. k
c
(2_13)
Trong : (Tra bng 5.6 tr82 [I] )
H s k n nh hng ca v tr b truyn :
k
o
= 1 ( Do gc nghing ni tm 45
O
<60
o
)
H s k n nh hng ca khong cch trc v chiu di xch:
k
a
= 1 (Do chn a = 3050p )
H s k n nh hng ca vic iu chnh lc cng :
k
c
= 1,25 (iu chnh bng 1 trong cc a xch);
H s k n nh hng ca bi trn:
k
bt
= 1,3 (Tra bng 5.6[I] v 5.7 tr 82[I] )
H s ti trng ng :
k

= 1,2 ( Do trng hp ti trng va )
H s k n ch lm vic ca b truyn :
k
c
= 1 (Lm vic 1 ca )
k = 1,95
T (2_12) ta tnh c: P
t
= 5,043.1,95.1,08.0,727 =7,72 (kW) < [P] = 11(kW)
Vy P
t
= 7,72 ( kW ) (tha mn iu kin)
Vy tra bng 5.8 trang 83 [I] ta chn bc xch :
p = 25,4(mm) < p
max
= 50,8 (mm) Tha mn iu kin
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


3.Khong cch trc v s mt xch
Tnh khong cch trc s b, ta ly:
a
sb
= 40p = 40.25,4 = 1016 (mm)
Ta xc nh s mt xch theo cng thc 5.12 trang 85 [I]
x =
p
a 2
+
2
2 1
z z +
+
a
p z z
2
2
1 2
4
. ) (
t
(2_14)
x =
2.1016
25, 4
+
23 101
2
+
+
2
2
(101 23) .25, 4
4. .1016 t
= 145,85
Ta ly s mt xch chn x
c
= 146 , tnh li khong cch trc theo cng thc

5.13 trang 85 [I]:
a
-
= 0,25.p ( )

+ + +
2
1 2 2
1 2 1 2
) (
2 )] ( 5 , 0 [ 5 , 0
t
z z
z z x z z x
c c
(2_15)
Theo , ta tnh c: Theo , ta tnh c:
a
-
= 0,25.25,4 ( )
2
2
(101 23)
146 0, 5 23 101 [146 0, 5(23 101)] 2
t

(
+ + +
`
(

)

a
-

= 1017,96 (mm)
Ly a
*
= 1018
xch khng chu lc cng qu ln, ta cn gim khong cch trc i mt lng:
Aa = 0,003.a = 0,003.1009 = 3,027 (mm)
a = a
-
- Aa = 1018 3,027 1014(mm)
S ln va p ca bn l xch trong 1 giy (theo cng thc 5.14 trang 85 [I])
i =
1
.
15.
II
c
z n
x
s [i] (2_16)
Ta c : i =
23.275
15.146
= 2,89
i = 2,89 < [i] = 30 (Tra bng 5.9 tr85[I] )
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Vy s va p ca cc mt xch vo cc rng trn a xch m bo, khng gy ra hin
tng gy cc rng v t mt xch
4. Kim nghim xch v bn
Vi cc b truyn xch b qu ti ln khi m my hoc thng xuyn chu ti trng va
p trong qu trnh lm vic cn tin hnh kim nghim v qu ti theo h s an ton
(theo cng thc 5.15 tr85 [I] )
s =
v t d
F F F k
Q
+ +
0
.
[s] (2_17)
Trong : - Ti trng ph hng : Q = 56,7 kN (Tra bng 5.2 tr 78[I] )
- Khi lng ca 1 mt xch : q = 2,6 kg
- H s ti trng ng : k
= 1 (Ch lm vic m );
- Vn tc trn vnh a dn z
1
:
v =
1
3
. .
60.10
lv
z p n
=
23.25, 4.68
60000
= 0,662 (m/s)

- Lc vng trn a xch:
F
t
=
1000.
II
v
P
=
1000.4, 52
0, 662
= 6827,79 (N)
- Lc cng do lc ly tm sinh ra khi lm vic:
F
v
= q. v
2
= 2,6. 0,662
2
= 1,139 (N)
-Lc cng do nhnh xch b ng sinh ra:
F
0
= 9,81. k
f
. q. a
Trong :
- H s ph thuc vo vng f ca xch v v tr b truyn:
k
f
= 2, ng vi trng hp b truyn nghing mt gc trn 40
o

so vi
phng nm ngang (tra bng 5.10 tr86[I])
Vi: f = (0,010,02)a, ta ly: f = 0,015.a =0,015. 1,014 = 0,01521 (m);
F
0
= 9,81. 2. 2,6.1,01521 = 51,78 (N)
T , ta tnh c: s =
56700
1.6827, 79 51, 78 1,139 + +
= 8,240 [s] =

8,2

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Vy b truyn xch m bo bn.
2.2.3 Xc nh ng knh a xch v lc tc dng ln trc
1. Xc nh ng knh a xch
- ng knh vng chia d
1
v d
2
:
d
1
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
1
sin
z
p
t
=
25, 4
sin
23
t | |
|
\ .
= 186,5(mm)
chn d
1
= 187 (mm)
d
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
2
sin
z
p
t
=
25, 4
sin
101
t | |
|
\ .
= 816,72 (mm)
chn d
2
= 817 (mm)
- ng knh vng nh d
a1
v d
a2
:
d
a1
= p[0,5 + cotg(
1
z
t
) = 25,4. [0,5 + cotg
23
t
] = 197,5 (mm)
Chn d
a1
= 198 (mm)
d
a2
= p[0,5 + cotg (
1
z
t
)] =25,4 [0,5 + cotg(
101
t
)] = 829,02 (mm)
Chn d
a2
= 829 mm
- ng knh vng y(chn) rng d
f1
v d
f2
:
d
f1
= d
1
- 2r
Trong :
Bn knh y rng : r = 0,5025.d
l
+ 0,05
vi : d
l
= 15,88 (mm) ( tra bng 5.2 tr78[I] )
r = 0,5025.15,88 + 0,05 = 8,03 (mm)
Do : d
f1
= 187-2.8,03 = 171(mm)
d
f2
= 817-2.8,03= 801(mm)

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


2. Kim nghim v bn tip xc ca a xch
ng sut tip xc o
H
trn mt rng a xch phi nghim iu kin: (theo cng thc
5.18 tr87 [I] )
o
H
= 0,47.
( )
d
vd d t r
k A
E F K F k
.
. +
s [o
H
] (2_18)
Trong :
- ng sut tip xc cho php : [o
H
] =650 (MPa )
( Tra bng 5.11 tr86 [I])
- Lc vng trn bng ti : F
t
= 3000(N)
- Lc va p trn m dy xch (m = 1) :
F
vd
= 13. 10
-7
. n
II
. p
3
. m
= 13. 10
-7
. 275. (25,4)
3
. 1 = 5,86 (N)
- H s phn phn b khng u ti trng cho cc dy:
k
d
= 1 (xch 1 dy)
- H s k n nh hng ca s rng a xch :
vi z
1
= 23 k
r1
= 0,48
- M un n hi : E =
2 1
2 1
. 2
E E
E E
+

Vi : E
1
, E
2
ln lt l m un n hi ca vt liu con ln v rng a xch, ly E =
2,1. 10
5
Mpa
- Din tch chiu ca bn l : A = 180 (mm
2
)

o
H1
= 0,47.
( )
5
0, 48 3000.1 5,86 .2,1.10
180.1
+
= 609,78 (Mpa)
- ng sut tip xc o
H
trn mt rng a xch 2:
Vi: z
2
= 101 k
r2
= 0,22
F
vd2
= 13. 10
-7
. n
lv
. p
3
. m = 13. 10
-7
. 68. (25,4)
3
. 1 = 1,45 (N)

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


o
H2
= 0,47.
( )
5
0, 22 3000.1, 2 1, 45 .2,1.10
180.1
+
= 451,88 (Mpa)
Nh vy: o
H1
= 667,93 MPa < [o
H
] = 900 MPa ;
o
H2
= 451,88 MPa < [o
H
] = 650 Mpa ;
Ta c th dng vt liu ch to a xch l vt liu gang xm C421-44 ti ram rn
b mt HB 321...429 ch to bnh rng 1
Bnh rng 2 : s dng thp 45 bng phng php ti ram HRC 45-50
3. Xc nh cc lc tc dng ln trc
Lc cng trn bnh ch ng F
1
v trn bnh b ng F
2
:
F
1
= F
t
+ F
2

F
2
= F
0
+ F
v

Trong tnh ton thc t, ta c th b qua lc F
0
v F
v
nn F
1
= F
t
v vy lc tc dng
ln trc c xc nh (theo cng thc 5.20 tr88 [I])
F
r
= k
x
. F
t
(2_19)
Trong : k
x:
H s k n nh hng ca trng lng xch :
Vi : k
x
= 1,15 (B truyn nm ngang mt gc < 45
0
)
F
t
- Lc vng trn bng ti, F
t
= 3000 (N)
F
r
= 1,15 . 3000=3450 (N)
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


F
2
F
rx
O
1
d
1
n
1
1
25
25
n
2
a
w
2
d
2
F
1
2

Hnh 2_4: S lc tc dng ln trc khi b truyn xch lm vic
b
d
d
f
d
a

Hnh 2_5:Hnh v mt ct bnh xch

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Bng 2_3: Thng s kch thc ca b truyn xch

Cc i lng Thng s
Khong cch trc a = 1014mm
S rng a ch ng z
1
= 23
S rng a b ng z
2
= 101
T s truyn u
xch
= 4
S mt ca dy xch x = 146
ng knh vng chia ca a xch Ch ng : d
1
= 187 mm
B ng : d
2
= 817 mm
ng knh vng chia ca a xch Ch ng : d
a1
= 198 mm
B ng : d
a2
= 829 mm
ng knh vng nh rng ca a xch Ch ng : d
f1
= 171 mm
B ng : d
f2
= 801 mm
Bc xch P = 25,4 mm

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


2.3 Tnh ton thit k b truyn bnh rng
2.3.1 Chn vt liu ch to bnh rng
i vi hp gim tc bnh rng tr rng nghing 1 cp chu cng sut
trung bnh, nh, ta ch cn chn loi vt liu nhm I. Vt liu nhm I l loi vt
liu c rn HB 350, bnh rng c thng ha hoc ti ci thin. Nh c
rn thp nn c th ct rng chnh xc sau khi nhit luyn, ng thi b truyn
c kh nng chy mn. Bn cnh , cn ch rng tng kh nng chy mn
ca rng, nn nhit luyn bnh rng ln t rn thp hn bnh rng nh t 10
n 15 n v:
H
1
H
2
+ (1015)HB.
Theo bng 6.1 tr92 [I] , ta chn:
- Bnh rng nh (bnh rng 1)
+ Thp 45 ti ci thin
+ rn: HB = (241285)
+ Gii hn bn: o
b1
= 850 Mpa
+ Gii hn chy : o
ch1
= 580 Mpa
Chn rn ca bnh nh : HB
1
= 245.
- Bnh rng ln (bnh rng 2) :
+ Thp 45 ti ci thin
+ rn : HB = (192240)
+ Gii hn bn : o
b2
= 750 Mpa
+ Gii hn chy : o
ch2
= 450 Mpa
Chn rn ca bnh rng ln : HB
2
= 230
2.3.2 Xc nh ng sut cho php
- ng sut tip xc cho php [o
H
] v ng sut un cho php [o
F
] c xc nh
theo cng thc sau:
[o
H
] =
H
H
S
lim
0
o
. Z
R
.Z
v
.K
xH
.K
HL

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Trong :
Z
R
- H s xt n nhm ca mt rng lm vic;
Z
v
- H s xt n nh hng ca vn tc vng;
K
xH
- H s xt n nh hng ca kch thc bnh rng;
Y
R
- H s xt n nh hng ca nhm mt ln chn rng;
Y
s
- H s xt n nhy ca vt liu i vi tp trung ng sut;
K
xF
- H s xt n kch thc bnh rng nh hng n bn un;
Trong thit k s b, ta ly: Z
R
Z
v
K
xH
= 1 v : Y
R
YsK
xF
= 1 ,theo theo cng thc
(6.1a) tr93 [1] v theo cng thc (6.1b) tr93 [1], ta c

[o
H
] =
H
HL H
S
K .
lim
0
o
(2_20)
[o
F
] =
F
FL FC F
S
K K . .
lim
0
o

( Tra bng 6.2 tr94 [I] )
+ S
H
= 1,1 - H s an ton khi tnh v tip xc
+ S
F
= 1,75 - H s an ton khi tnh v un
+ K
FC
- H s xt n nh hng t ti
K
FC
= 1 khi t ti mt pha (b truyn quay mt chiu)
+ o
lim
0
H
v o
lim
0
F
ln lt l cc ng sut tip xc cho php v ng sut un cho php
ng vi s chu k c s, tra bng 6. 2 [II] :
o
lim
0
H
= 2HB + 70
o
lim
0
F
= 1,8HB
Suy ra :
o
1 lim
0
H
= 2HB
1
+ 70 = 2.245 + 70 = 560 Mpa
o
2 lim
0
H
= 2HB
2
+ 70 = 2.230 + 70 = 530 Mpa
o
1 lim
0
F
= 1,8. HB
1
= 1,8 . 245 = 441 MPa
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


o
2 lim
0
F
= 1,8 . HB = 1,8 . 230 = 414 Mpa
+ K
HL
, K
FL
- H s tui th, xt n nh hng ca thi hn phc v v ch ti trng
ca b truyn, c xc nh theo cc cng thc 6.3 v 6.4 tr93 [I]

K
HL
=
HO
m
H
HE
N
N
(2_21)

K
FL
=
FO
m
H
FE
N
N
(2_22)

Trong :
- m
H
, m
F
- Bc ca ng cong mi khi th v tip xc v un
m
H
= m
F
= 6 (khi rn mt rng HB 350 )
- N
HO
- S chu k thay i ng sut c s khi th v tip xc
(Theo cng thc 6.5 tr93 [I] )
Vi: N
HO
= 30.H
4 , 2
HB
(2_23)
N
HO1
= 30. 245
2,4
= 16259974

N
HO2
= 30. 230
2,4

= 13972305

- N
FO
- S chu k thay i ng sut c s khi th v un
N
FO
= N
FO1
= N
FO2
= 4. 10
6
= 0,4. 10
7
= const
- N
HE
, N
FE
- S chu k thay i ng sut tng ng. Khi b truyn chu ti trng
thay i nhiu bc:( theo cng thc 6.7 v 6.8 tr93 [I] )
N
HE
= 60.c.
( )
3
max
/
i i i
T T nt
(2_24)
N
FE
= 60.c.
( )
max
/
F
i i
m
i
T T nt

Trong :
c =1 - S ln n khp trong mt vng quay ca bnh rng
n
i
- S vng quay ca bnh rng trong mt pht
T
i
- M men xon ch th i
T
max
- M men xon ln nht tc dng ln bnh rng ang xt
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


t
i
- Tng s gi lm vic ca bnh rng t
i
= 24000( gi).
Ta c:
Vi bnh rng nh (bnh rng 1):
n
I
= 825 ( vng/pht)
vi bnh rng ln (bnh rng 2):
n
II
= 275 ( vng/pht)

N
HE1
= 60. 1. 825. 24000.[1
3
.2+ 0,8
3
.3+ 0,3
3
.2 ] = 4264920000
N
HE2
= 60. 1. 275. 24000.[
.2+ 0,8
3
.3 + 0,3
3
.2] = 824845824

N
FE1
= 60.1. 825. 24000.[1
6
.2+ 0,8
6
.3 + 0,3
6
.2] = 3312013320

N
FE2
= 60. 1. 275 . 24000.[1
6
.2+
.3 + 0,3
6
.2 ] = 1104004440
Nh vy: N
HE1
> N
HO1
, N
HE2
> N
HO2

N
FE1
> N
FO1
, N
FE2
> N
FO2

K
HL1
= 1 , K
HL2
= 1
K
FL1
= 1 , K
FL2
= 1.
K
FL1
= 1 , K
FL2
= 1.
Theo cng thc trn, ta tnh c:
[o
H
]
1
=
560.1
1,1
= 509 Mpa
[o
H
]
2
=
530
1,1
= 481,8 Mpa
[o
F
]
1
=
441.1.1
1, 75
= 252 MPa
[o
F
]
2
=
414.1.1
1, 75
= 236,5 Mpa
Vi b truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing , ng sut tip xc cho php l gi tr
trung bnh ca [o
H
]
1
v [o
H
]
2
nhng khng vt qu 1,25[o
H
]
min

Chn [o
H
] = 481,8 Mpa.
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


* ng sut tip xc v ng sut un cho php khi qu ti c xc nh (theo cng
thc 6.13 v 6.14 tr95 va 96)
[o
H
]
max
= 2,8o
ch

[o
F
]
max
= 0,8o
ch

[o
H1
]
max
= 2,8. 580 = 1624 Mpa
[o
H2
]
max
= 2,8 .450 = 1260 Mpa (2_25)
[o
F1
]
max
= 0,8. 580 = 464 Mpa
[o
F2
]
max
= 0,8. 450 = 360 Mpa.
2.3.3 Tnh ton cc thng s ca b truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing
1. Xc nh khong cch trc
Ta c cng thc 6.15a tr96 [I]
a
w
= K
a
.(u + 1).
| |
3
2
.
. .
I H
H ba
T K
u
|
o
(2_26)
Trong :
- K
a
= 43 Mpa
1/3
: H s ph thuc vt liu ca cp bnh rng v loi rng
(tra bng 6.5 tr96 [I] )
- T
I
: Momen xon trn trc ch ng T
I
= 54984,84 Nmm
- [o
H
] = 481,8 Mpa
-
ba
= b
w
/a
w
H s chiu rng tra bng 6.6 tr97 (I) ta c:
ba
= 0,35
- T s truyn u = 3
- K
H|
: = 1,03 : H s c xc nh da vo h s ng knh
bd

Vy a
w
= 43.(3 + 1).
( )
3
2
54984, 84.1, 03
481, 8 .3.0, 35
= 105.74 mm
Chn a
w
= 106 mm
2. Xc nh thng s n khp
- Xc nh mun ta c : m = (0,01 0,02)a
w
(2_27)

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


=>m= (0,01 0,02).106= (1,06 2,12) mm
Chn : m = 2 ( tra bng 6.8 tr99 [I])
Chn s b chn gc nghing:
=50
o
- S rng bnh nh:
z
1
=
2.
( 1)
w
a
m u +
=
2.106
2.(3 1) +
= 26,5
Chn z
1
= 25(rng)
- S rng bnh ln:
z
2
= u.z
1
= 3. 25 = 75 (rng) Ly z
2
=75 (rng)
Ta tnh li :
( ) ( )
1 2
25 75 .2
0, 943
2. 2.106
w
Z Z m
Cos
a
|
+ +
= = = | = 19,22
o
< 20
o
a
w
=
.
2
t
m z
=
2.(25 75)
2
+

= 100 mm
suy ra : b
w
= 0,35 . 100= 35 mm
3. Xc nh ng knh ca cc bnh rng
- ng knh vng chia :
d
1
=
1
2.
cos
z
|

=
2.25
0, 943

= 53mm

d
2
=
2
2.
cos
z
|

=
2.75
0, 943
= 159mm

- ng knh ln :
d
w1
=
w
2.
( 1)
a
u +
=
2.106
4

= 53 mm
d
w2
= d
w1
.u

=53.3= 159 mm
- ng knh nh rng :
d
a1
=d
1
+2.m =53+2.2 = 57 mm
d
a2
=d
2
+2.m =159+2.2 =163 mm
- ng knh y rng :
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


d
f1
=d
1
2,5.m =53 2,5.2 = 48 mm
d
f2
=d
2
2,5.m =159 2,5.2 = 154 mm
- Gc profin gc = 45
o
(theo TCVN 1065-71)
- Gc profin rng :

= arctg ( tg /cos ) = 45,63

o
- Gc n khp :
= 45,63
o

- H s trng khp dc l:
c
|
=
.sin 35.sin19, 22
. 2.
o
w
b
m
|
t t
= =1,83 > 1
(Tha mn iu kin trng khp.)
4. Kim nghim rng v bn mi tip xc.
ng sut tip xc phi tha mn iu kin sau: (cng thc 6.33 tr105 [I] )
o
H
= Z
M
. Z
H
. Z
c
.
( )
2
1
2 . . 1
. .
I H
w w
T K u
b d u
+
[o
H
] (2_28)
Trong :
+ Z
M
= 274 Mpa
1/3
-

H s k n c tnh ca vt liu ca cc bnh rng n khp
(Tra theo bng 6. 5 tr 96 [I])
+ H s k n nh hng ca hnh dng b mt tip xc.
(cng thc 6.34 tr105 [I])
Z
H
=
tw
b
o
|
2 sin
cos . 2
(2_29)

Vi : - o
tw
= o
t
= 45,63
o
-
=45
o
- |
b
: Gc nghing trn mt tr c s; tg |
b
= cos o
t
. tg |
=> tg |
b
= cos 45,63
o
. tg 19,22
o
= 0,243 => |
b
= 13,7
o
Vy Z
H
=
2.cos13, 7
sin 2.45, 63
o
o
= 1,39
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


- Z
c
: H s k n s trng khp ca rng c xc nh da vo c
|
nh sau:
c
|
=
w
.sin
.
b
m
|
t
= 1,833 > 1 nn ta c Z
c
=
Trong : (2_30)
c
o
- H s trng khp ngang ta c :
c
o
= .
1 1
2 , 3 88 , 1
2 1
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
z z
cos|
c
o
=
1 1
1,88 3, 2 .
23 69
( | |
+
| (
\ .
cos11,84
o
= 1,66 (2_31)

=> Z
c
=
1
1, 66
| |
|
\ .
= 0,78
- K
H
: H s ti trng khi tnh v tip xc, ta c (cng thc 6.39 tr106 [I]):
K
H
= K
H|
. K
Ho
.K
HV
(2_32)
Vi :
- K
H|
= 1,03 - H s k n s phn b khng u ti trng trn chiu rng vnh
rng.
- K
Ho
: H s phn b ti trng cho cc i rng n khp xc nh da theo :
v
1
60000
w I
d n t
= v =
.53.825
60000
t
= 2,289 m/s < 30 m/s
Vy tra bng 6.13 tr 106[I] , ta c cp chnh xc 9
Tra bng 6.14 tr 107 [I] ta c K
H
= 1,13
- K
Hv
- H s k n ti trng ng xut hin trong vng n khp(cng thc 6.41
tr107 [I] ) :
K
Hv
= 1 +
1
2
H W W
H H I
v b d
T K K
| o
(2_33)
Trong :
+ v
H
: Vn tc tip xc
/ 1
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


v
H
=
Vi :
- H s k n nh hng ca sai s n khp : o
H
= 0,002 (tra bng 6.15 tr107
[I])
- H s k n nh hng ca sai lch bc rng bnh rng 1 v 2 :
g
o
=73 (tra bng 6.16 tr 107[I] )
v
H
= 0,002.73.2,289.
106
3
= 1,986 m/s
Vy : K
Hv
= 1 +
1, 986.35.53
2.54984, 84.1, 03.1,13
= 1,0287
K
H
= K
H|
. K
H
.K
HV
=1,03.1,13.1,0287=1,197
Thay cc gi tr va tnh c vo biu thc tnh o
H
ta c:
o
H
= 274.1,39.0,78.
( )
2
2.54984,84. 3 1
35.3.53
+
= 362 Mpa < [o
H
] = 519 Mpa
(Tha mn iu kin)
5. Kim nghim bn mi un.
iu kin bn un cho rng: (theo cng thc (6.43) tr108 [I] v (6.44) tr108 [I])
o
F1
=
1
1
2. . . . .
. .
I F F
w nw w
T K Y Y Y
b m d
c |
s [o
F1
] (2_34)
o
F2
=
1
2 1
.
F
F F
Y
Y o
s [o
F2
]
Trong :
+T
I
= 54984,84

- M men xon trn bnh ch ng
+m

= 2 - M un php
+b
w
= 35 (mm ) - Chiu rng vnh rng
+d
w1
= 53 (mm) - ng knh vng ln ca bnh rng ch ng
Y
F1
, Y
F2
- H s dng rng ca bnh rng 1 v 2 , ta c :
m w o H
/u a . v . g .
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


z
v1
=
|
3
1
cos
z

z
v2
=
|
3
2
cos
z

z
v1
=
3 0
25
cos 19, 22
= 29,69 Ly z
v1
= 29
z
v2
=
3 0
75
cos 19, 22
= 89,08 Ly z
v2
=89
Theo bng 6. 18 tr109 [I] , ta c: Y
F1
= 3,90 ; Y
F2
= 3,51
-Y
c
=
o
c
1
= 0,61 - H s k n s trng khp ca rng, vi c
o
l h s trng khp
ngang, ta c c
o
= 1,63
-Y
|
_H s k n nghing ca rng,ta c :
Y
|
=1- /140 =1- 19,22/140 = 0,862
-K
F
_H s ti trng khi tnh v un (cng thc 6.45 tr109[I] )
Vi: K
F
= K
F|
. K
Fo
. K
Fv
(2_35)
Trong :
+ K
F|
= 1,07 _H s k n s phn b khng u ti trng trn vnh rng,
+ K
Fo
= 1,05 _ H s k n s phn b khng u ti trng cho cc i
rng ng thi n khp ( theo bng 6. 14 tr107 [I] )
K
Fv
_ H s k n ti trng ng xut hin trong vng n khp, tnh theo
cng thc ( cng thc 6.46 v 6.47 tr109 [I])
K
Fv
= 1 +
1
. .
2. . .
F W w
I F F
v b d
T K K
| o
(2_36)
Vi: v
F
= o
F
. g
0
. v.
w
a
u
(2_37)
Trong :
+o
F
= 0,006 - H s k n nh hng ca sai s n khp
(theo bng 6. 15 tr107 [I])
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


+ g
0
= 73 - H s k n nh hng ca sai lch bc rng
( theo bng 6. 16 tr 107 [I])
+ v = 2,289 (m/s) - vn tc vng
+a
w
=106 ( mm - khong cch gia 2 trc )
+u =3 - t s truyn
+
w
b = 35 (mm )- Chiu rng vnh rng
+T
I
= 54984,84 Nmm - M men xon trn trc ca bnh rng ch ng
+d
w1 =
53 (mm ) - ng knh ln bnh rng 1
v
F
= 0,006. 73.2,289.
106
3
=5,96(m/s)
Suy ra :
K
Fv
= 1 +
5, 96.35.53
2.54984, 84.1, 07.1, 05
= 1,1
Vy :
o
F1
= 18,7 (Mpa)
o
F2
= 37,4 (Mpa)
T ta thy rng:
o
F1
= 18,7 Mpa < [o
F1
] = 252 Mpa
o
F2
= 37,4 Mpa < [o
F2
] = 236,5 Mpa.
Nh vy iu kin bn mi un c m bo.
6. Kim nghim bn qu ti
- Kim nghim qu ti tip xc (cng thc 6.48 v 6.49 tr110 [I])
o
Hmax
= o
H
. K
qt
vi K
qt
= T
max
/T = 1,4
=> o
Hmax
=362. 1, 4 = 428,324< [o
H1
]
max
=1624 Mpa (2_48)
[o
H2
]
max
=1260 Mpa
-Kim nghim qu ti un :
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


o
F1max
= o
F1
.k
qt
= 18.7 .1,4 = 26,18 < [o
F1
]
max
= 464 Mpa
o
F2max
= o
F2
.k
qt
= 37,4 .1,4 = 52,36 < [o
F2
]
max
= 360 Mpa
Vy rng m bo bn mi tip xc v bn mi un khi qu ti.
7. Lc tc dng trong b truyn bnh rng tr rng nghing
Trn hnh v th hin lc php tuyn F
n
nm trong mt phng php tuyn v vung
gc vi cnh rng.
Lc F
n
c phn ra lm ba thnh phn vung gc: Lc vng F
t
, lc hng tm F
r
,
lc dc trc F
a
.
F
n
=
F
t
+
F
a
+
F
r

w
w
w
w

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Hnh 2_6: S tc dng lc ln b truyn bnh rng khi lm vic

- Lc tc dng ln bnh rng nghing nh
+Lc vng:
F
x1
=
I
1
2.
w
T
d
=
2.54984, 84
53
= 2074,89 N
+ Lc hng chiu trc F
z1
:
F
z1
=F
x1
. tgo
tw
. cos|
F
z1
= 2074,89. tg45,63
0
. cos19,22
0
= 2002,81 N
+Lc hng knh F
y1
:
F
y1
=F
x1
. tg|
F
y1
= 2074,89. tg45,63
0
= 2121,02 N
- Lc tc dng ln bnh rng nghing ln:
+Lc vng
F
x2=

II
2
2.
w
T
d
=
2.156967, 2
159
= 1974,4 N
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


+Lc hng chiu trc F
z2
:
F
z2
= F
x2
. tgo
tw
. cos|
F
z2
= 1974,4. tg45,63
0
. cos19,22
0
= 1905,81 N
Lc hng knh F
y2

F
y2
= F
x2
. tg|= 1974,4. tg45,63
0
=2018,3 N

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Bng 2_4: Thng s v kch thc b truyn bnh rng tr - rng nghing

STT Thng s K hiu Gi tr
1. Khong cch trc a
w
106 mm
2. T s truyn u 3
3. Chiu rng vnh rng b
w
35 mm
4. Modun php m 2mm
5. Gc nghing rng
|
19,22
o
6. H s dch chnh x x1 = 0
x2 = 0
7. S rng z z1 = 25
z2 = 75
8. ng knh vng ln d
w
d
w1
= 53 mm
d
w2
= 159 mm
9. ng knh vng chia d
i
d
1
= 53 mm
d
2
= 159 mm
10. ng knh nh rng d
ai
d
a1
= 57 mm
d
a2
= 163 mm
11. ng knh y rng d
fi
d
f1
= 48 mm
d
f2
= 154 mm
12. Gc frofin gc =45
o

13. Gc frofin rng
t

t
=45,63
o
14. Gc frofin n khp
wt

wt
=45,63
o

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


CHNG 3: TNH TON THIT K TRC
3.1. Chn vt liu
Vt liu dng ch to trc cn c bn cao, t nhy cm vi s tp trung ng
sut, d gia cng v nhit luyn d dng. Cho nn thp Cacbon v thp hp kim l
nhng vt liu ch yu dng ch to trc. Vic la chn thp Cacbon hay hp
kim ty thuc vo iu kin lm vic ca trc c chu ti trng ln hay khng.
i vi trc ca hp gim tc lm vic trong iu kin chu ti trng trung bnh
th ta chn vt liu ch to trc l thp Cacbon C45 thng ha c c tnh nh sau (
tra bng 6.1 tr92 [I])
Gii hn bn
b
= 600 MPa
Gii hn bn chy
ch
= 340 MPa
cng 200 HB
ng sut xon cho php [] = 12 30 MPa ty thuc vo v tr t lc ang xt
S b truyn trong hp gim tc

P
V

Hnh 3_1 : Chiu quay ca cc trc
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Fa1 Fa2
Fr1
Fr2
Ft1
Ft2
n1
n2
Frd1
Frx2
y
z
x

Hnh 3_2: Chiu quay v lc tc dng ln trc khi bnh rng lm vic
3.2 Tnh ton thit k trc
3.2.1 Xc nh s b ng knh trc v chiu rng cc ln
ng knh trc s b c tnh theo cng thc 10.9 tr188 [I]

| |
3
. 2 , 0
T
d
t
> (mm). (3_1)
Trong :
T l momen xon tc dng ln trc
T
c
= 16722,44 Nmm
T
I
= 54984,84 Nmm
T
II
= 156967,27 Nmm
T
ct
= 568138,18 Nmm
ng sut xon cho php [] = 12 30 MPa. Chn = 15 MPa
1. Trc ng c
d
sb
dc
3
0, 2.[ ]
dc
T
t
= 3
16722,44
0, 2.15
= 17,73 (mm)
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


ph hp vi ng c ta chn d
sb
dc
= 20(mm)
2. Trc vo hp gim tc
d
sb
I
3
0, 2.[ ]
I
T
t
= 3
54984,84
0, 2.15
= 26,36 (mm)
Ly d
sb
I
= 30 (mm) . T ta tra bng 10.2 tr189 [I] ta chn chiu rng ln
b
o1
=19 mm
3. Trc trung gian

d
sb
II
3
0, 2.[ ]
II
T
t
= 3
156967, 27
0, 2.15
= 37,4 (mm)
Ly d
sb
II
= 40 (mm) . T ta tra bng 10.2 tr189 [I] ta chn chiu rng ln
b
o2
=23 mm
4. Trc ra ca hp gim tc
d
sb
III
3
0, 2.[ ]
III
T
t
= 3
568138,18
0, 2.15
= 57,42 (mm)
Ly d
sb
III
= 60 (mm) .T ta tra bng 10.2 tr189 [I] ta chn chiu rng ln
b
o3
=31 mm
3.2.2 Phn tch lc tc dng ln b truyn
- Xc nh cc kch thc lin quan n b truyn:
- Chiu di may bnh ai, may a xch, may bnh rng tr c xc nh theo
cng thc sau 10.10 tr189 [I]
l
mki
= (1,21,5)d
k
(3_2)
Trong : d
k
l ng knh ca trc a xch hoc bnh ai
Chiu di may a xch: l
m22
=(1,21,5). 40 = (4860) mm
ly l
m22
= 50 (mm)
Chiu di may bnh ai b dn: l
m12
=(1,21,5). 30 = (36 45) mm
ly: l
m12
= 40 (mm)
- Chiu di may bnh ai dn (vi d
k
bng 0,8 ln ng knh ca trc ng c):
l
m03
= (1,21,5).20 = (19,236) mm; ly: l
m03
= 35 (mm)
- Chiu di may bnh rng tr rng nghing xc nh theo cng thc:
l
mki
= (1,21,5)d
k

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Trong d
k
l ng knh ca trc bnh rng tr rng nghing
Chiu di may bnh rng tr rng nghing nh:
l
m13
= (1,21,4). 30 = (3642) mm; ly l
m13
= 40 (mm)
Chiu di may bnh rng tr rng nghing ln:
l
m23
= (1,21,4). 40 = (4856) mm; ly l
m23
= 50 (mm)
Cc khong cch khc c chn trong bng 10.3 tr189 [I],ta c:
+ Khong cch t mt cnh ca chi tit quay n thnh trong ca hp hoc khong
cch gia cc chi tit quay: k
1
= (815) mm; ly k
1
= 10 (mm)
+ Khong cch t mt cnh ca n thnh trong ca hp:
k
2
= (515) mm; ly k
2
= 8 (mm)
+ Khong cch t mt cnh ca chi tit quay n np :
k
3
= (1020) mm; ly k
3
= 15 (mm)
+ Chiu cao np v u bu lng:
h
n
= (1520) mm; ly h
n
=20 (mm)
-S dng cc k hiu nh sau :
k: s th t ca trc trong hp gim tc
i:s th t ca tit din trc ,trn lp cc chi tit c tham gia truyn ti trng
l
ki
:khong cch t gi 0 n tit din th i trn trc k
l
mki
:chiu di may ca chi tit quay th i trn trc k
l
cki
: khong cng xn trn trc th k tnh t chi tit th i ngoi hp gim tc
n gi .
l
cki
=0,5(l
mki
+b
o
) +k
3
+h
n
-Trc ng c
l
c12
=0,5(l
m12
+ b
o
) +k
3
+h
n

=0,5(35+15)+15+20
=60 (mm)
theo bng 10.4 tr191 [I] ,ta c
l
12
=-l
c12
=-60(mm) ,chn l
12
=60(mm)
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


l
13
=0,5(l
m13
+ b
o
)+k
1
+ k
2

=0,5(35+15)+10+5
=40(mm) , chn l
13
=40 (mm).
l
11
=2.l
13
=2.40=80(mm) .
-Trc II:
l
21
=l
11
=2.40 = 80(mm)
l
23
=0,5(l
m23
+b
o
)+k
1
+k
2

=0,5(40+15)+15+20
=62,5(mm) ,chn l
23
=60(mm)
l
22
=l
13
=40(mm)

Hnh 3_3 : S khong cch trc v cc gi

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


3.3 Xc nh ng knh v chiu di cc on trc
3.3.1 Trc 1

Hnh 3.4 Lc tnh trc 1
+ M men xon t trc I truyn cho trc I, T
I
= 88505,52 (Nmm);
+Lc vng:
F
t1
= F
t2
=
1
1
2 2.54984, 84
2074, 89
53
= =
w
T
d
(N)
+ Lc hng tm F
r1
:
F
r1
= F
r2
=F
t1
. tgo
tw
/cos| =2074,89. Tg45,63
0
/ cos19,22
0
= 2246,23 N
+Lc dc trc :F
a1
:
F
a1
=F
a2
=F
t1
. tg|v= 2074,89. Tg19,22
o
= 723,36
M
1 a
= F
1 a
.
2
1 w
d
= 723,36.
53
2
= 19169,04 Nmm
- Lc ca bnh ai tc dng ln trc:
do ng ni tm ca b truyn ai lm vi phng ngang 1 gc o = 45
o
do lc
F
R
t bnh ai tc dng ln trc c phn tch thnh hai lc:
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


F
rdX
= F
R
sino = 666,44.sin45
0
= 471,24(N)
F
rdY
= F
R
coso = 666,44.cos45
0
= 471,24(N)
- Tnh phn lc ti cc gi B v D :
- Gi s chiu ca cc phn lc ti cc gi B v D theo hai phng x v y nh
hnh v. Ta tnh ton c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Phn lc theo phng ca trc y:
EM
y(A)
= F
r1
.(l
11
-l
13
) - (F
yC
.l
11
)

+ F
rdY
.(l
11
+l
12
) M
a1
= 0
F
yC
=
1 11 13 11 12 a1
11
.( ) ( ) M
r
F l l Frdy l l
l
+ +

F
yC
=
2246, 23.(80 40) 471, 24.(80 60) 19169, 04
80
+ +
= 1708,172 (N)
( vy F
yC
cng chiu vi hnh v)
Tng lc theo phng y:
EF
(Y)
= -F
YA
+ F
r1
-F
yC
+ Frd
y
= 0
F
YA
= 2246,23 -1708,172+471,24 = 1009,298 (N)
(ng vi chiu trn hnh v)
- . + Phn lc theo phng ca trc x:
- EM
x(A)
= F
t1
.(l
11
-l
13
) - F
xC
.l
11
+ F
rdx
.(l
11
+l
12
) = 0

1 11 13 11 12
xC
11
.( ) .( )
F
t
F l l Frdx l l
l
+ +
=
=
2074,89.(80 40) 471, 24.(80 60)
80
+ +
= 1862,115 (N) (ng chiu hnh v)
- Tng lc theo phng x:
- EF
(x)
= -F
xA
+ F
t1
- F
xC
+ F
rdx
= 0
- F
xA
= 2074,89 + 471,24 1862,115 = 684,015 (N) (ng vi chiu hnh v)

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


1)Tnh ng knh ca trc
Theo phn chn s b ng knh trc, ta c d = 30 (mm), vt liu ch to trc l
thp 45, ti ci thin, c o
b
600 MPa; theo bng 10. 5 - tr 195 Ti liu [I], ta c
tr s ca ng sut cho php ca vt liu ch to trc l: [o] = 63 MPa.
ng knh ti cc mt ct trn trc c xc nh theo cng thc (c.t 10.17.[1]) :
d =
Trong : M
td
- M men tng ng trn cc mt ct, c tnh theo cng thc (c.t
10.15.[1]) v (c.t 10.16.[1]):
M
td
=
Vi M
j
=
2 2
yj xj
M M + theo cng thc (c.t.10.15 [1])
- Xt cc mt ct trn trc I:
+ Xt mt ct trc ti im D - im c lp then vi bnh ai b ng ca b truyn:
- M men un M
D
x
= M
D
y
= 0
- M men xon M
D
z
= T
I
= 54984,84 (Nmm);
- M men tng ng trn mt ct D:
M
Dtd
=
2
0, 75.(54984,84)

= 47618,26 (Nmm)
- Kch thc ca trc ti mt ct D: d
D
= 3
47618, 26
0,1.63
= 18,6 (mm)
- Do mt ct ti D c rnh then nn ng knh trc cn tng thm 4%, theo ta
tnh c ng knh ca trc ti mt ct D l:
d
D
= 18,6 + 0,04. 18,6 = 19,34 (mm); ta chn d
D
= 20 (mm)
+ Xt mt ct trc ti im C - im c lp vng bi vi l ca hp gim tc:
- M men un M
C
x
= F
rdx
.l
12
= 471,24.60 = 28274,4(Nmm)
- M men un M
C
y
= -F
rdy
.l
12
= -471,24.60= - 28274,4 (Nmm)

- M men xon M
C
z
= 54984,84(Nmm);

sb
I
3
] .[ 1 , 0 o
td
M
2 2 2
. 75 , 0
z y x
M M M + +
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


- M men tng ng trn mt ct C:

M
C
t
=
2 2 2
(28274, 4) ( 28274, 4) 0, 75.(54984,84) + + = 62180,24(Nmm)

- Kch thc ca trc ti mt ct C: d
C
= 3
62180, 24
0,1.63
= 21,45(mm)
- Ta chn d
C
= 25 (mm)
+ Xt mt ct trc ti im B - im c lp bnh rng nghing 1:
M men un ti B: M
Bxt
= F
xA
.(l
11
-l
13
)= 684,015.40=27360,6 (Nmm)
- M men un bn tri bc nhy: M
*
By
= F
yA
.(l
11
-l
13
)
= 1009,298.(80-40) = 40371,92 (Nmm)
M men un bn phi bc nhy: M
**
By
= F
yA
.(l
11
-l
13
)-M
By
= 1009,298.(80-40) 19169,04
=21202,88 (Nmm)
- M men xon M
B
z
= 54984,84 (Nmm)
- M men tng ng trn mt ct B:
M
B
t
=
2 2 2
(27360, 6) (21202,88) 0, 75(54984,84) + + = 58870(Nmm);
- Kch thc ca trc ti mt ct B: d
B
= 3
58870
0,1.63
= 21,06(mm);
- Do mt ct ti B c rnh then nn ng knh trc cn tng thm 4%, theo ta
tnh c ng knh ca trc ti mt ct B l:
d
B
= 21,06+ 0,04. 21,06=22(mm); ta chn d
B
= 30 (mm)
Vy ng knh cc on trc : d
B
= 30 ; d
C
=25= d
A
; d
D
= 20

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Hnh 3.5 Biu momen trn trc 1
Y
X
Z
M
Y
M
X
T
Nmm
Nmm
Nmm
D
C
F
r1
B
A
2
0
2
5
2
5
Ft1
XA
YA
F
F
rdX
rdY
M
a1
Yc
Xc
l
21
=80
l
22
=40
l
23
=60
4.371,92
21202,88
28274,4
27360,6
28274,4
3
0
54984,84
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


3.3.2 Trc 2

Hnh 3.6 Biu lc trc 2
1) Cc lc tc dng ln trc II:
- M men xon truyn t trc I cho trc II, T
II
= 156967,27 (Nmm);
- Lc vng F
t2
= F
t1
= 2074,89 (N);
- Lc tc dng ln trc do b truyn xch, vi F
rx
= 3450 (N) trong :
F
rx
= F
r
.cos = 3450.sin45
o
= 2439,51 (N)
F
ry
= F
r
.sin = 3450.cos45
o
= 2439,51 (N)
- Lc dc trc: F
a2
= F
a1
= 723,36 (N)
- Lc hng tm: F
r2
= F
r1
= 2246,23 (N)
- Momen do lc dc trc gy ra :
i2
a2 a2
d 159
M F . 723, 36.
2 2
= = = 57507,12(Nmm)
Tnh phn lc ti cc gi F v H:
- Gi s phn lc ti cc gi F v H c chiu nh hnh v, ta tnh cc phn lc
ny:
+ Phn lc theo phng y:
M
H(y)
= F
ry
.( l
21
+l
23
)-y
F
. l
21
F
r2
.l
22
+ M
a2
= 0
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


y
F
=
ry 21 23 r2 22 a2
21
F .( l +l )- F .l +M
l
=
2439, 51.(80 60) 2246, 23.40 57507,12
80
+ +
= 3864
(N)
F
(Y)
= F
ry
y
F
F
r2
+y
H
= 0
y
H
= -F
ry
+ y
F
+ F
r2
= -2439,51+3864 +2246,23 = 3670,72(N)
(Y
H
, Y
F
cng chiu vi hnh v)
+ Phn lc theo phng x:
M
H(x)
=
2 22 21 23 21
. . .( )
t F rx
F l X l F l l + + = 0

F
X =
2 22 23 21
21
. .( )
t rx
F l F l l
l
+ +
=
2074,89.40 2439, 51.(60 80)
80
+ +
= 5307 (N)
( ) x
F
= -F
rx
+X
F
F
t2
- X
H
= 0
X
H
= -F
rx
+ X
F
-F
t2
= -2439,51 +5307-2074,89 = 792,6(N)
(X
F,
X
H
cng chiu vi hnh v )
2)Tnh ng knh ca trc:
Theo phn chn s b ng knh ca trc, ta c d = 35 mm. Vt liu ch to trc
l thp 45, ti ci thin c o
b
600 MPa. Theo bng 10.5 [1] Tr s ca ng
sut cho php [o], ta c [o] = 63 Mpa.
ng knh ti cc mt ct trn trc c xc nh theo cng thc :
d = (ct 10.17.[1])
Trong : M
td
- M men tng ng trn cc mt ct, c tnh theo cng thc sau:
M
tdj
=
2 2
0,75.
j j
M T + (ct 10.16.[1])
- Xt cc mt ct trn trc II:
+ Xt mt ct trc ti v tr lp bnh xch E :
sb
II
3
] .[ 1 , 0 o
td
M
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


- Mmen un M
E
y
= 0
- Mmen un M
E
x
= 0
- Mmen xon M
E
z
= 156967,27 (Nmm)
M
E
t
=
2 2
0 0, 75.156967, 27 + = 135937
d
E
= 3
135937
0,1.63
= 27,8
- Do ti mt ct E c lp bnh xch, cn c rnh then nn kch thc ca trc phi tng
thm 4%, theo kch thc ca trc ti mt ct E l:
d
E
= 27,8+ 0,04. 27,8 = 28,91 (mm). Ta chn d
E
= 30(mm)
+ Xt mt ct trc ti im F- im c lp t 2 .
- M men un M
F
x
= -
23
.
rx
F l = -2439,51.60= -146370,6 (Nmm)
M
F
y
= -
23
.
ry
F l = -2439,51.60= -146370,6 (Nmm)
- M men xon M
F
z
= 156967,27 Nmm
M
F
t
=
2 2 2
( 146370, 6) ( 146370, 6) 0, 75.156967, 27 + + = 247644 (Nmm)
d
F
= 3
247644
0,1.63
= 34 chn d
F
= 35 mm
+ Xt mt ct trc ti im G - im lp t bnh rng
- M men un M
Gx
= -F
xH
.l
22
= -792,6.40 = -31704 (Nmm)
- M men un bn phi bc nhy:

M
*
Gy
= -F
yH
.l
22
= -3670,72.40 = -146828,8(Nmm)
M men un bn tri bc nhy :
M
**
Gy
= M
*
Gy
+M
a2
= -146828,8+57507.12 = -89321,68(Nmm)
- M men xon M
Gz
= 156967,27 (Nmm)

- M men tng ng trn mt ct G:

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


- Xt thy m men mt ct bn phi ca im G c gi tr ln hn m men mt
ct bn tri ca im G, nn ta tnh m men tng ng ca mt ct trc ti
im G theo:

M
G
t
=
2 2 2
31704 146828,8 0, 75.156967, 27 + + = 202590(Nmm);
- Kch thc ca trc ti mt ct G: d
G
= 3
202590
0,1.63
= 31,7 (mm)
- Do mt ct ti G c rnh then nn ng knh trc cn tng thm 4%, theo ta
tnh c ng knh ca trc ti mt ct G l:
d
G
= 31,7 + 0,04. 31,7 = 33 (mm); ta chn d
G
= 35 (mm)
- Vy ta chn trc II vi cc kch thc ng knh sau:
d
E
=30 mm ; d
G
=40 mm ; d
F
= d
H
= 35 mm

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Hnh 3.5 Biu momen trc 2
M
Y
M
X
T
Nmm
Nmm
Nmm
F
F
E
rX
rY
XF
YF
4
0
3
5
3
5
3
0
F
a2
F
r2
G
M
H
X YH
Z
Y
X
l
23
=60
l
21
=80
l
22
=40
146828,8
89321,68
146828,8
31704
146370,6
156967,27
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


3. 4 Kim nghim trc v bn mi
- Khi xc nh ng knh trc ( theo cng thc 10.17 tr194 [I]), ta cha xt ti cc
nh hng v bn mi ca trc nh c tnh thay i ca chu trnh ng sut,
s tp trung ng sut, yu t kch thc, cht lng b mt. V vy sau khi xc
nh c ng knh trc cn tin hnh kim nghim trc v bn mi c k
n cc yu t va nu.
- Kt cu ca trc va thit k m bo c bn mi nu h s an ton ti cc
tit din nguy him tha mn iu kin sau y ( cng thc 10.19 tr195 [I] )

2 2
.
o t
o t
=
+
j j
j
j j
s s
s
s s
[s] (3_5)
Trong :
[s] - h s an ton cho php, [ s] =(1,5.2,5); ly [s]=2
s
oj
, s
tj
- h s an ton ch xt ring ng sut php v h s an ton ch xt
ring ng sut tip ti mt ct j(cng thc 10.20 v 10.21 tr195 [I])

1
. .
o
o o
o
=
o + o
i
dj aj
s
k mi
(3_6)

1
. .
t
t t
t
=
t + t
j
dj aj
s
k mi
(3_7)
Vi o
-1
,t
-1
- gii hn mi v xon ng vi chu k i xng, vi thp 45 c o
b
= 600
MPa.
o
-1
= 0,436. o
b
= 0,436. 600 = 216.6 MPa
t
-1
= 0,58. o
-1
= 0,58. 216,6 = 151,73 MPa

o
,
t
- h s k n nh hng ca tr s ng sut trung bnh ti bn mi,
theo bng 10. 7 tr197 [I], vi o
b
= 600 MPa, ta c:

o
= 0,05 ;
t
= 0
- i vi trc quay, ng sut un thay i theo chu k i xng nn (cng thc
10.22 tr196 [I]):
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


o
mj
= 0 ; o
aj
= o
maxj
= (3_8)
- o
a
, t
a
, o
m
l bin v tr s trung bnh ca ng sut php v tip ti mt ct m
ta ang xt. Khi trc quay mt chiu ng sut xon thay i theo chu k mch
ng, do vy(cng thc 10.23 tr196 [I]):
t
mj
= t
aj
= = (3_9)
Vi W
j
, W
oj
- m men cn un v m men cn xon ti mt ct ang xt.
Ta kim nghim cho mt ct ti im c lp ln trn trc I - v tr im C
T cng thc:
M
C
=

2 2
( ) ( )
Cx Cy
M M +
=
2 2
(28274) (28274) + = = 39986,03 (Nmm)
W
C
= =
3
3,14.25
32
= 1533 (mm
3
)
o
aC
=
39986, 03
1533
= 26,08
Vi:
T
C
= T
II
= 156967,27 (Nmm)
W
C
o
=
3
.
16
C
d t
=
3
3,14.25
16
= 3066 (mm
3
)
t
aB
= t
mC
=
2.
C
C
o
T
W
=
156967, 27
2.3066
= 25,6
H s K
odj
v K
tdj
c xc nh ( theo cc cng thc sau 10.15 v 10.26 tr197 [I])
K
odj
= (3-10)
K
tdj
= (3_11)
Trong :
j
j
W
M
2
max j
t
oj
j
W
T
. 2
32
.
3
C
d t
y
x
K
K
K
1 +
o
o
c
y
x
K
K
K
1 +
t
t
c
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


K
x
- h s tp trung ng sut do trng thi b mt ph thuc vo phng
php gia cng v nhn bng b mt. Theo bng 10. 8 -tr197 [I], ta c :
K
x
= 1,06 , vi o
b
= 600 MPa, tin t R
a
2,50,63.
K
y
- h s tng bn b mt trc, tra bng 10. 9 tr197 [1], ta chn vi phng
php gia cng tng bn b mt bng ti bng dng in tn s cao, ta c:
K
y
= 1,6
c
o
, c
t
- h s k n nh hng kch thc mt ct trc, i vi trc lm bng vt
liu thp cc bon c ng knh d = 25 (mm), theo bng 10. 10 tr198 [I], ta c:
c
o
= 0,9 , c
t
= 0,85
K
o
, K
t
- tr s ca h s tp trung ng sut thc t trn b mt trc, i vi trc
c rnh then v gia cng bng dao phay ngn. Theo bng 10. 12 tr199 [I], ta c:
K
o
= 1,76 ; K
t
= 1,54;
Thay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc, ta c
K
odj
= = 1,26
K
tdj
= = 1,17
Thay cc kt qu trn vo cng thc (3_6 v 3_7), ta tnh c:
s
oj
=
261, 6
1, 26.26, 08 0, 05.0
=
+
7,96
s
tj
=
151, 73
1,17.25, 6 0
=
+
5,06
Theo (10.19), ta tnh c: s =
2 2
25, 6.5, 06
25, 6 5, 06
=
+
5,96 > [s] = 2
-Ta kim nghim cho mt ct ti im c lp bnh rng trn trc II - v tr im G:
T cng thc (IV -12), vi:
M
G
u
=
2 2
) ( ) (
G
y
G
x
M M +
6 , 1
1 06 , 1
9 , 0
76 , 1
+
6 , 1
1 06 , 1
85 , 0
54 , 1
+
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


=
2 2
(31704) (146828,8) + = 150212,64 (Nmm)
Theo bng 10. 6 tr 196 [I], trc c 1 rnh then. Vi ng knh trc l d = 40 (mm),
tra bng 9. 1a tr173 - [I], ta c cc thng s ca then bng: b=12 (mm), t
1
= 5
(mm).
W
G
=
d
t d t b d
G
. 2
) .( .
32
.
2
1 1
3
t
=
3
3,14.40
32
-
12.5.(40 5)
2.40
= 3655 (mm
3
)
o
aG
=
150212, 64
3655
= 41,1
Vi:
T
G
= T
II
= 156967,27 (Nmm)
W
G
o
=
d
t d t b d
G
. 2
) .( .
16
.
2
1 1
3
t
=
3
3,14.40
16
-
12.5.(40 5)
2.40
= 12533,75 (mm
3
)
t
aG
= t
mG
=
G
o
G
W
T
. 2
=
156967, 27
2.12533, 75
= 6,26
H s K
odj
v K
tdj
c xc nh theo cc cng thc sau:
K
odj
= (3_12)
K
tdj
= (3_13)
Trong :
K
x
- h s tp trung ng sut do trng thi b mt ph thuc vo phng
php gia cng v nhn bng b mt. Theo bng 10. 8 t 197 [I], ta c :
K
x
= 1,06 , vi o
b
= 600 MPa, tin t R
a
2,50,63
K
y
- h s tng bn b mt trc, tra bng 10. 9 tr 197 [I], ta chn vi phng php
gia cng tng bn b mt bng ti bng dng in tn s cao, ta c:
K
y
= 1,65
y
x
K
K
K
1 +
o
o
c
y
x
K
K
K
1 +
t
t
c
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


c
o
, c
t
- h s k n nh hng kch thc mt ct trc, i vi trc lm bng vt
liu thp cc bon c ng knh d = 40 (mm), theo bng 10.10 tr 198 [I], ta c: c
o

= 0,85 , c
t
= 0,78
K
o
, K
t
- tr s ca h s tp trung ng sut thc t trn b mt trc, i vi trc
c rnh then v gia cng bng dao phay ngn. Theo bng 10. 12 tr 99 [I], ta c:
K
o
= 1,76 ; K
t
= 1,54.Thay cc gi tr trn vo cng thc, ta c:
K
odj
=
1, 76
1, 06 1
0, 85
1, 45
1, 6
+
=
K
tdj
=
1, 54
1, 06 1
0, 78
1, 27
1, 6
+
=
Thay cc kt qu trn vo cng thc (10.20-10.21), ta tnh c:
s
oj
=
261, 6
1, 45.41,1 0.0, 05
=
+
4,39
s
tj
=
151, 73
1, 27.6, 26 0
=
+
19,08
Theo (cng thc 10.19 tr195 [I]), ta tnh c: s =
2 2
4, 39.19, 08
(4, 39) (19, 08) +

= 4,28 > [s] = 2.
Nh vy trc I v trc II m bo iu kin bn mi.
3.5 Kim nghim trc v bn tnh
trnh bin dng do qu ln hoc ph hng trc do qu ti t ngt, ta cn
tin hnh kim nghim trc v bn tnh(theo cng thc 10.27 tr200 [I])
o
td
= s [o] (3_14)
Trong (theo cng thc 10.28 v 10.29 tr200 [I])
o = (3_15)
2 2
3t o +
3
max
. 1 , 0 d
M
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


t = (3_16)
M
max
, T
max
- m men un ln nht v m men xon ln nht ti mt ct nguy him
lc qu ti. Theo biu m men, ta c: K
qt
= 1,4
M
max
= M
u
. K
qt
T
max
= T. K
qt

[o] = 0,8. o
ch
, vi thp 45 thng ha c: o
ch
= 340 MPa
[o] = 0,8. 340 = 272 MPa.
a) Kim nghim cho trc I
Mt ct nguy him ca trc I l ti v tr C, vi:
M
max
= M
c
. K
qt
= 39986,03. 1,4 = 55980,42 (Nmm)
T
max
= T
I
. K
qt
= 54984,84. 1,4 = 76978,776 (Nmm)
d
C
= 25 (mm)
o =
3
55980, 42
0,1.25
= 35,83 (N/mm
2
)
t =
3
76978, 776
0, 2.25
= 24,6 (N/mm
2
)
Thay vo cng thc (3_14), ta tnh c:
o
td
=
2 2
35,83 3.24, 6 + = 55,67 (MPa) < [o] = 272 (MPa).
b) Kim nghim cho trc II
Mt ct nguy him ca trc II l ti v tr G, vi:
M
max
= M
G
u
. K
qt
= 150212,64. 1,4 = 210297 (Nmm)
T
max
= T
II
. K
qt
= 156967,27. 1,4 = 219754,17 (Nmm)
d
G
= 40 (mm)
o =
3
210297
0,1.40
= 32,86 (N/mm
2
)
t =
3
219754,17
0, 2.40
= 17,17 (N/mm
2
)
3
max
. 2 , 0 d
T
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Thay vo cng thc (10.27), ta tnh c:
o
td
=
2 2
32,86 3.17,17 + = 44,32 (MPa) < [o] = 272 (MPa).
Nh vy hai trc I v II m bo iu kin bn tnh.

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


CHNG 4. TNH CHN THEN
- ng knh trc ti v tr lp bnh rng nghing nh d = 30 (mm), tra bng
9.1a tr 173 [I], ta c cc kch thc ca then nh sau:
b = 8 (mm), h = 7 (mm), t
1
= 4 (mm), t
2
= 2,8 (mm)
bn knh gc ln ca rnh r: r
max
= 0,25 (mm) , r
min
= 0,16 (mm)
T phn tnh ton ca trc, ta c chiu di may ca bnh rng nghing nh l:
l
m13
=40 (mm)
Vi l
t1
= (0,80,9)l
m13
= (3236) mm
Theo tiu chun, tra bng 9.1a tr173 [I], ta c chiu di ca then l: l
t1
= 32 (mm).
-Kim nghim bn dp cho then ( theo cng thc 9_1 tr173 [I] )
o
d
=
) .( .
. 2
1
t h l d
T
t
I
s [o
d
] (4_1)
Trong : T
I
= 54984,84 (Nmm)
l
t
= l
t1
b = 32 6 = 26 (mm) - chiu di lm vic ca then
[o
d
] - ng sut dp cho php, theo bng 9. 5 tr178 [I] ,
c [o
d
] =100 (MPa) va p nh
o
d
=
2.54984, 84
20.26.(6 3, 5)
= 84,59 (MPa) <[o] = 100 (MPa)
Vy then m bo iu kin bn dp.
-Kim nghim bn ct cho then (cng thc 9.2 tr173 [I] )
t
c
=
b l d
T
t
I
. .
. 2
s [t
c
] (4_2)
Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc ta c:
t
c
=
2.54984, 84
20.26.6
= 35,24 (MPa)
Vi [t
c
] ng sut ct cho php, [t
c
] = (6090) MPa
t
c
< [t
c
] ; Vy then m bo diu kin bn ct.
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


- ng knh trc ti v tr lp bnh ai b dn d = 20(mm), theo bng 9.1a
tr173 [I], ta c cc kch thc ca then nh sau:
b = 6 (mm), h = 6 (mm), t
1
= 3,5 (mm), t
2
= 2,8 (mm), bn knh gc ln c rnh r:
r
max
= 0,25 (mm) , r
min
= 0,16 (mm)
T phn tnh ton ca trc, ta c chiu di may ca bnh ai b dn l:
l
m12
= 40 (mm)
Vi l
t1
= (0,80,9)l
m12
= (3236) mm Ta chn l
t1
=32 mm

-Kim nghim bn dp cho then ( theo cng thc 9.1 tr173 [I] )
o
d
=
) .( .
. 2
1
t h l d
T
t
I
s [o
d
] (4_3)
Trong :
T
I
= 54984,84 (Nmm)
l
t
= l
t1
b = 32 6 = 26 (mm) - chiu di lm vic ca then
[o
d
] - ng sut dp cho php, theo bng 9. 5 tr178 [I]
c [o
d
] =100 (MPa),va p nh.
o
d
=
2.54984, 84
21.26.(6 3, 5)
= 80,5 (MPa) <[o] = 100 (MPa)
-Kim nghim bn ct cho then (cng thc 9.2 tr173 [I] )
t
c
=
b l d
T
t
I
. .
. 2
s [t
c
] (4_4)
t
c
=
2.54984, 84
21.26.6
= 33,56 (MPa)
Vi [t
c
c
] = (6090) MPa
t
c
< [t
c
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


- ng knh trc ti v tr lp bnh rng nghing ln d = 40 (mm), theo
bng 9.1a tr 173 [I], ta c cc kch thc ca then nh sau:
b = 12 (mm), h = 8 (mm), t
1
= 5 (mm), t
2
= 3,3 (mm)
bn knh gc ln c rnh r: r
max
= 0,4 (mm) , r
min
= 0,25 (mm)
T phn tnh ton ca trc, ta c chiu di may ca bnh rng nghing ln l:
l
m23
= 50 (mm)
Vi l
t1
= (0,80,9)l
m12
= (4045) mm
Theo tiu chun, tra bng 9.1a tr173[I], ta c chiu di ca then l: l
t1
= 45 (mm).
- Kim nghim bn dp cho then (theo cng thc 9.1 tr173 [I] )
o
d
=
) .( .
. 2
1
t h l d
T
t
II
s [o
d
] (4_5)
Trong : T
II
= 156967,27 (Nmm)
l
t
= l
t1
b = 45 12= 33 (mm) - chiu di lm vic ca then
[o
d
] - ng sut dp cho php, theo bng 9. 5 tr 178 [1] ,c [o
d
] =100
(MPa)
o
d
=
2.156967, 27
44.33.(8 5)
= 72,06 (MPa) <[o] = 100 (MPa)
-Kim nghim bn ct cho then (theo cng thc 9.2 tr173 [I])
t
c
=
b l d
T
t
II
. .
. 2
s [t
c
] (4_6)
t
c
=
2.156967, 27
44.33.12
= 18,01 (MPa)
Vi [t
c
c
] = (6090) MPa
t
c
< [t
c
- ng knh trc ti v tr lp bnh xch dn d = 30 (mm), theo bng 9.1a
tr173 [I], ta c cc kch thc ca then nh sau:
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


b = 8 (mm), h = 7 (mm), t
1
= 4 (mm), t
2
= 2,8 (mm)
bn knh gc ln c rnh r: r
max
= 0,4 (mm) , r
min
= 0,25 (mm)
T phn tnh ton ca trc, ta c chiu di may ca bnh ai b dn l:
l
m12
= 40 (mm)
Vi l
t1
= (0,80,9)l
m23
= (3236) mm
Theo tiu chun, tra bng 9.1a tr173 [I], ta c chiu di ca then l: l
t1
= 45(mm).
- Kim nghim bn dp cho then (theo cng thc 91 tr173 [I] )
o
d
=
1
2.
. .( )
II
t
T
d l h t
s [o
d
] (4_7)
Trong : T
II
= 156967,27 (Nmm)
l
t
= l
t1
- b = 45 - 8 = 37(mm) - chiu di lm vic ca then
[o
d
] - ng sut dp cho php, theo bng 9. 5 tr178 [I]
c [o
d
] =100 (MPa)
o
d
=
2.156967, 27
30.37.(7 4)
= 94,27(MPa) <[o] = 100 (MPa)
Vy then m bo iu kin bn dp
-Kim nghim bn ct cho then (theo cng thc 9.2 tr173 [I])
t
c
=
b l d
T
t
II
. .
. 2
s [t
c
] (4_8)
t
c
=
2.156967, 27
30.45.8
= 29,06 (MPa)
Vi [t
c
c
] = (6090) MPa
t
c
< [t
c

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


CHNG 5. TNH TON V CHN LN
5.1 Chn loi ln cho trc 1

Cc s liu c nh sau:
Tc quay: n = n
I
= 825 (v/p)
Thi hn s dng : 24000 (gi)
Ti trng: m
Phn lc ti cc tnh c:
X
A
= 684,015 N X
C
= 1862,115 N
Y
A
= 1009,298 N Y
C
= 1708,172N

2 2 2 2
r1 A A
F X Y 684,015 1009, 298 = + = + = 1219,24 (N)

2 2 2 2
r0 C C
F X Y 1862,115 1708,172 = + = + =
2527(N)
Lc dc trc: F
a1
= 723,36 N
Ta c
1
1
723, 36
0, 322 0, 3
2246, 23
= = >
a
r
F
F

Hnh 5.1 Phn tch cc lc ln A v C ca trc I

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Cn c vo ng knh trc tnh c d= 25mm v lc tc dng ln trc ta chn
a cn c trung ta c cc thng s ca cho trong bng sau:
Tra bng P 2.11 [1] (trang263)
K hiu d
mm
D
mm
D
1

mm
d
1

mm
B
mm
C
1

mm
T
mm
r
mm
r
1

mm

C
kN
C
o

kN
7305 25 62 50,5 43,5 17 15 18,25 2,0 0,8 13,5 29,6 20,9

Trong : d : ng knh trong
D : ng knh ngoi
C : kh nng ti ng
C
o
: kh nng ti tnh
5.1.1 Kim nghim kh nng ti ng ca
- Tnh lc dc trc F
s
do lc hng tm F
r
tc dng ln sinh ra.
F
s
= 0,83.e.F
r
(11.8)
vi a cn e = 1,5.tg
vy e = 1,5.tg13,5= 0,36
Vy F
s1
= 0,83.e.F
r1
= 0,83.0,36.2246,23 = 671 (N)
F
s0
= 0,83.e.F
r0
= 0,83.0,36.2527 = 755 (N) (F
at
= F
a1
= 723,36 N)
Ta c:
Theo bng 11.5 - tr218[I]:
F
ao
= F
s1
- F
a1
= 671 723,36 = -52,36 N
F
a1
= F
s0
+ F
a1
= 2527 + 723,36 = 3250,36 N
Ta thy: |F
ao

| < F
s0

0
755 N = =
ao s
F F

|F
a1

| > F
s1

1
3250, 36 N =
a
F

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Fs0
Fr10 Fr11
Fs1
Fa1

Theo bng 11.4[I] vi bi 1 dy : vng trong quay V=1
Ct tr217 c:
Xc nh h s ti trng hng tm v h s ti trng dc trc : X,Y
F
a0
/V.F
r0
= 755/1.2527 = 0,29 <e = 0,36
F
a1
/V.F
r1
= 3250,36/1.2246,23 = 1,45 > e = 0,36
Vi: V =1 do vng trong ca ln quay
Tra bng 11.4 [1] Tr s ca cc h s ti trng X, Y v h s thc nghim e ta
c:
- X
0
= 1
- Y
0
= 0
- X
1
= 0,4
- Y
1
= 0,4.cotg= 0,4.cotg13,67 = 1,64
Xc nh ti trng ng quy c theo cng thc (c.t. 11.3 [I]):
Q = (X.V.F
r
+Y.F
a
).k
t
.k

Trong :
- Q: Ti trng ng qui c
- F
r
,F
a
: Ti trng hng tm v ti trng dc trc
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


- V = 1: H s k n vng trong quay
- k
t
: H s k ti nh hng ca nhit , k
t
=1
- k
: H s k n c tnh ti trng , ti trng va p va k
= 1,3
Vy ta c ti trng qui c ti C v A ln lt l:
Q
0
= (X
0
.V.F
r0
+Y
0
.F
a0
).k
t
.k

= (1.1. 2527+ 0. 1647,26).1.1,3 = 3285,1 (N)
Q
1
= (X
1
.V.F
r1
+Y
1
.F
a1
).k
t
.k

= (0,4.1. 2246,23 + 1,67.3250,36).1.1,3 = 8224,57 (N)
Nh vy, trc I th ch cn tnh cho C l chu lc tt hn.
Theo cng thc (c.t. 11.12 [I]), ti trng ng tng ng Q
E
c xc nh:
Q
E
=
i
i
m
i
L
L Q ;

Trong :
- Q
i
: Ti trng ng quy c
- L
i
: Thi hn, tnh bng triu vng quay, khi chu ti trng Q
i

- m: i vi a th m = 10/3
Theo s chu ti bi, thay vo ta c:
Q
E
= Q
E1
= Q
0
.
10 10
10
3 3
01 1 02 2
3
01 01
. .
h h
h h
Q L Q L
Q L Q L
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .

= 3285,1.
10 10
10
3 3
3
1 4 0, 6 4
. .
1 8 1 8
| | | |
+
| |
\ . \ .
= 2805,72 (N)
Theo cng thc (c.t. 11.1 [1]), ta c kh nng ti ng ca :
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


C
d
= Q
E
.
m
L
Trong :
- C
d
: Kh nng ti ng ca
- L: Tui th tnh bng triu vng quay
T cng thc (c.t. 11.2 [1]) ta tnh c:
L = 60.n.10
-6
L
h
= 60. 825.10
-6
.24000 = 1188
C
= 2805,72.
10
3
1188 = 23468 (N) ~ 13,4 kN
C

< C = 29,6KN
Tra bng P2.11 [I] - a cn (theo GOST 333-71), ta c cc thng s cho ln
ca trc I nh sau:
d = 25 mm T = 18,25 mm C
0
= 20,9 kN
D

= 62 mm C = 29,6 KN
5.1.1 Kim nghim kh nng ti tnh ca
Theo bng 11.6 [I], vi a cn ta c:
- X
o
=0,5
- Y
o
=0,22cotg =0,22.cotg13,67
o
= 0,9
Theo cng thc (c.t. 11.19 [I]), kh nng ti tnh:
Q
0
= X
0
.F
r0
+Y
0
.F
a0
= 0,5. 2527 + 0,9. 755 = 1943(N)< F
ro
= 2527(N)
Vy Q
0
=F
r0
= 2527 N < 22,3 KN = 22300 N.

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


5.2 Chn ln trc II
- Ta c X
H
= 792,6 N X
F
= 5307 N
Y
H
= 3670,72 N Y
F
= 3864 N
Suy ra :
2 2 2 2
H H
F X Y 792, 6 3670, 72 3755, 3 N = + = + =
H

2 2 2 2
F F
F X Y 5307 3864 6564, 65N = + = + =
F

vi: F
a2
= 723,36 N.
Ta c
2
723, 36
0,19 0, 3
3755, 3
= = <
a
H
F
F

Tra bng 11.4 - tr215 ti liu[I] :Vi
2
0,19 =
a
H
F
F

Ta chn loi a cn c trung loi 7607 c cc thng s k thut tra theo bng P
2.11 [1] nh bng (3-2):
Bng 3-2: Thng s k thut ca cn a trc II
K
hiu
d
mm
D
mm
D
1
mm
d
1

mm
B
mm
C
1
mm
T
mm
r
mm
r
1

mm

C
kN
C
0

kN
7607 35 80 61,5 56,5 33 27 32,75 2,5 0,8 11,17 71,6 61,5

5.2.1 Kim nghim kh nng ti ng ca
- Tnh lc dc trc F
a
do lc hng tm F
t
tc dng ln theo cng thc
(c.t.(11.7),[I]):
F
s
= 0,83. e. F
r

Vi e = 1,5. tgo = 1,5. tg11,17
o
= 0,3
F
sF
= 0,83. 0,3. 3755,3 = 940 (N)
F
sH
= 0,83. 0,3. 6564,65 = 1634,6(N)
- Lc dc trc tc dng ln :
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


F
zF
= F
sH
- F
a2
= 1634,6 723,36 = 911.24 (N)
F
zH
= F
sF
+ F
a2
=940 +723,36 = 1663,36 (N)
T , ta thy:
F
zF
< F
sF
, ta ly: F
zF
= 940(N)
F
zH
> F
sH
, ta ly: F
zH
= 1663,36(N)
Xc nh h s X, Y:
Ta c:
.
ZF
F
F
V F
=
940
1.6564, 65
= 0,143 < e =0,36
Theo bng 11. 4 [1] , ta c:
X
0
= 1 ; Y
0
= 0
Ta li c:
.
ZH
H
F
V F
=
1663,36
1.3755, 3
= 0,44 > e =0,36
Theo bng 11. 4 [1] , ta c:
X
1
= 0,4 ; Y
1
= 1,88
Vy ta tnh c ti trng quy c ca hai H v F l:
Q
F
= (X
0
. V. F
F
+ Y
0
. F
ZF
).k
t
. k
d

= (1. 1. 6564,65 + 0.940).1. 1,5 = 9847 (N)
Q
H
= (X
1
. V. F
H
+ Y
1
. F
ZH
).k
t
. k
d

= (1. 0,4. 3775,3+ 1,88. 1663,36).1. 1,5 = 6956 (N)
T ta thy Q
F
< Q
H
nn ta chn Q
F
tnh.
vi: L =
6
60. .
10
II h
n L

Trong : n
II
= 275 ( vng/pht ) - s vng quay ca trc II;
L
h
- thi gian phc v, L
h
= 24000 (gi);
L =
6
60.275.24000
10
= 396 (triu vng)
Theo , ta tnh c kh nng ti ng ca theo cng thc (c.t.(11.1),[1]) nh sau
:
C
d
= Q.

m
L

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Trong :
Q Ti trng ng quy c, kN;
L Tui th tnh bng triu vng quay;
M Bc ca ng cong mi khi th v ln, ta c m = 10/3 i vi a
C
d
= Q
F
.

m
L = 9847.
10
3
396 = 59,2(kN)
Ta c : C
1
= 59,2 (kN) < C = 71,6(kN) (C- l kh nng ti ng ca tiu chun)
Nh vy chn kiu 7607 tha mn kh nng chu ti trng ng.
5.2.2 Kim nghim kh nng ti tnh ca
i vi trng hp ln lm vic vi s vng quay n > 10 (vng/pht), ta kim tra
kh nng ti tnh nhm trnh bin dng d hoc dnh b mt tip xc theo iu
kin:
Q
t
s C
0

Trong :
C
0
- kh nng ti tnh ca ; vi kiu ln chn, ta c: C
0
= 61,5(kN)
Q
t
- ti trng tnh quy c, c xc nh theo cng thc:
Q
t
= X
0
. F
F
+ Y
0
. F
a

Theo bng 11. 6 [1] , ta c:
X
0
=0,5 ; Y
0
= 0,22.cotg
F
a
l tng lc dc trc tc dng vo -chn theo cng thc (c.t.(11.15b),[I]) i
vi a cn ta c :
F
a
= 0,5.0,83.F
r
.e + F
a1

F
a
= 0,5.0,83.2246,23.0,3 + 723,36 = 1003 (N)
Q
t
= 0,5. 6564,65 + 0,22.cotg11,17
o
.1003 = 4399,8 (N)
Q
t
~ 43,9 (kN) <C
0
= 61,5 (kN)
Nh vy chn kiu 7607 tha mn kh nng chu ti trng tnh

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


CHNG 6. TNH TON THIT K KT CU V HP
6.1 V hp
Nhim v ca v hp gim tc l m bo v tr tng i gia cc chi tit v b
phn my, tip nhn ti trng do cc chi tit lp trn v truyn n , ng du bi
trn, bo v cc chi tit trnh bi bm
Vt liu ph bin nht dng c v hp gim tc l gang xm GX 15-32
6.1.1 Chn b mt lp ghp gia np v thn
B mt ghp ca v hp ( phn trn v l np, phn di l thn) thng i qua
ng tm ca trc, nh vic lp ghp cc chi tit s thun li hn.
B mt ghp thng c chon l song song vi mt
6.1.2 Xc nh kch thc c bn ca v hp
1. Chiu dy np v thn
+ Chiu dy thn hp o : Xc nh theo cng thc sau.
o = 0,03.a
w
+3 =0,03.106+3=6,18 mm . Ly o =10 mm.
+ Chiu dy np hp o
1
: o
1
=6 mm
2. Gn tng ng
+ Chiu dy gn e : e= (0,8...1).o = (0,8...1).10 =810 mm
Ly e = 10 mm.
+ Chiu cao h : ly h = 53 mm
3.Cc ng knh bu lng v vt
+ ng knh bulng nn d
1
:
d
1
> 0,04.a
w
+ 10 = 0,04.106 + 10 = 14,24 mm
Ly d
1
= 14 mm, chn bulng M14 ( theo TCVN).
+ ng knh bulng cnh d
2
:
d
2
= (0,7...0,8).d
1
= (0,7...0,8).14 mm
Ly d
2
= 10 mm, chn bulng M10 ( theo TCVN).
+ ng knh bulng ghp bch np v thn .
d
3
= (0,8...0,9).d
2
= (0,8...0,9).10 mm
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Ly d
3
= 8 mm, chn bulng theo TCVN : M8.
+ ng knh vt ghp np d
4
:
d
4
= (0,6...0,7).d
2
= (0,6...0,7).10 mm
Ly d
4
=8 mm, chn vt M8.( theo TCVN)
+ng knh vt np ca thm d
5
:
d
5
= (0,5...0,6).d
2
= (0,5...0,6).10 mm
Ly d
5
= 6mm, chn vt M6 (theo TCVN)
4.Mt bch ghp np v thn
+ Chiu dy bch thn hp s
3
:
s
3
= (1,4...1,8).d
3
= (1,4...1,8).8 Ly s
3
= 15 mm.
+ Chiu dy bch np hp S
4
:
s
4
= (0,9...1).s
3
=13,515
ly
4
16 S mm =
+ B rng bch np v thn
K
3
= k
2
- (3 5)mm
K
2
= E
2
+ R
2
+(3 5)mm
E
2
= 1,6.d
2
= 1,6.10=16 mm
R
2
= 1,3.d
2
= 1,3.10 =13 mm
K
2
= E
2
+ R
2
+(3 5)mm.= 16+13+(35)=3235 mm
Ly K
2
= 34
K
3
= k
2
- (3 5)mm = k
2
- 4 = 34 - 4 =30 mm

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Hnh 6_1: B rng bch np v thn
5. hp
+ Chiu dy hp khi khng c phn li s
1
.
S
1
~ (1,31,5).d
1
= (1,31,5).14 mm
Chn S
1
= 22mm
+ B rng mt hp: K
1
~ 3.d
1
= 3.14 =42 mm
q> k
1
+ 2.o = 46 mm
6.Khe h gia cc chi tit
+ Khe h gia bnh rng vi thnh trong hp.
A > ( 1..1,2).o = (1..1,2)8 = 8..10 mm
+ Khe h gia nh bnh ln vi y hp.
A
1
= (35). o = (35).10 = 3050 mm Chn A
1
= 30 (mm)
h.S lng bulng nn.

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


6.2 Tnh ton thit k cc chi tit khc
6.2.1Ca thm

Hnh 6_2: Kch thc ca thm

kim tra quan st chi tit my trong hp khi lp ghp v du vo hp,
trn nh hp c lp ca thm, ca thm c y bng np, ca thm c kt
cu v kch thc nh hnh v
theo bng 18.5 tr92 [II] tra c cc kch thc ca ca thm.
6.2.2Nt thng hi
Khi lm vic nhit trong np tng nn, gim p xut v iu ho khng
kh bn trong v bn ngoi hp ta dng nt thng hi
theo bng 18.6 tr93 [II] tra c cc kch thc nh hnh v.
6.2.3 Nt tho du
Sau mt thi gian lm vic , du bi trn cha trong hp b bn, hoc b bin
cht , do cn phi thay du mi, tho du c y hp c l tho du, lc
lm vic l tho du c bt kn bng nt
tho du, kt cu v kch thc nh hnh v
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


(cc kch thc tra bng 18.7 tr93 [II]).

Hnh 6_3: Nt tho du
6.2.4 Kim tra mc du
kim tra mc du trong hp ta dng que thm du, que thm du c kch
thc v kt cu nh hnh v.

Hnh 6_4: Que thm du
6.2.5Cht nh v
Mt ghp gia np v thn nm trong mt phng cha ng tm cc trc .
L tr lp trn np v thn hp c gia cng ng thi, m bo v tr tng
i ca np v thn trc v sau gia cng cng nnh khi lp ghp, ta dng 2
cht nh v , nh c cht nh v , khi xit bulng khng b bin dng vng
ngoi .
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Hnh 6_5: Cht nh v

6.2.6 ng lt v np
ng lt c dng ln, to thun li cho vic lp ghp v iu chnh
b phn , ng thi che kn trnh s xm nhp ca bi bm, cht bn. ng
lt c lm bng gang GX 15- 32, trong ngnh ch to my kch thc ng lt
c chn nh sau:
+ Chiu dy o = 68 mm, ta chn
o = 6 mm,
+ Chiu dy vai o
1
v chiu dy bch o
2
.
o
1
= o
2
= o.
+ ng knh l lp ng lt : D = D +2. o = 67 +12 = 83 [mm].
+ Theo bng 18.2 chn vt M8 s lng 6 chic.

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


CHNG 7: BI TRN N KHP V BI TRN TRC
gim mt mt cng sut v ma st , gim mi mn rng , m bo thot nhit tt
v phng cc tit my b han g cn phi bi trn lin tc cc b truyn trong hp
gim tc
7.1. Cc phng php bi trn trong v ngoi hp gim tc
7.1.1 Bi trn trong hp
Theo cch dn du n bi trn cc tit my , ngi ta phn bit bi trn ngm du
v bi trn lu thng , do cc b truyn bnh rng trong hp gim u c vn tc v <
25 m/s nn ta bi trn bnh rng trong hp bng phng php ngm du
Vi vn tc vng ca bnh v=15 m/s tra bng 18-11 tr100 [I] ta c nht 6 ng
vi nhit 100
0
C
Theo bng 18-13 ta chn c loi du AK-15 c nht 20Centistoc
7.1.2 Bi trn ngoi hp
Vi b truyn ngoi hp do khng c thit b no che dy nn d b bi bm vo do
b truyn ngoi ta thng bi trn bng m nh k
7.2. Bi trn ln
Khi c bi trn ng k thut , n s khng b mi mn , ma st trong s
gim , gip trnh khng cc chi tit kim loi trc tip tip xc vi nhau , iu s
bo v c b mt v gim c ting n .Thng thng th cc ln u c th bi
trn bng du hoc m , nhng trong thc t th ngi ta thng dng m bi v so vi
du th m bi trn c gi trong d dng hn , ng thi c kh nng bo v
trnh tc ng ca tp cht v m . Ngoi ra m c dng lu di t b nh hng
ca nhit theo bng 15-15a [I] ta dng loi m M v chim 1/2 khong trng .
che kn cc u trc ra , trnh s xm nhp ca bi bm v tp cht vo cng nh
ngn m chy ra ngoi , y ta dng loi vng pht, theo bng 15-17 tra c kch
thc vng pht cho cc nh sau.

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Bng 7_1: Kch thc vng pht cho cc
d d
1
d
2
D a b S
0
25 26 24 38 6 4,33 9
50 51,5 49 69 9 6,5 12

Bng 7_2: Bng thng k dng cho bi trn
Tn du hoc m Thit b cn bi
trn
Lng du hoc m Thi gian thay
Du t my ko
AK-15
B truyn trong hp 0,6 lt/kW 5 thng
M M Tt c cc v b
truyn ngoi
ch rng b phn

1 nm

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


CHNG 8: CHN KIU LP GHP V XY DNG BN V
8.1 Xy dng bn v lp
03 bn v A3, mi hnh v th hin 1 hnh chiu ca hp gim tc
8.2 Chn cc kiu lp ghp ch yu
Theo yu cu ca tng b phn ta chn cc loi mi ghp nh sau:
- Chn lp ghp gia trc v vng trong ca l lp ghp theo h thng l kiu lp
ghp l H7/J
S
6.
- Chn lp ghp gia vng ngoi ca vi v hp l lp ghp theo h thng trc kiu
lp ghp H7/J
S
6.
- Vng chn m quay cng trc trong qu trnh b truyn lm vic, tho lp d
dng khi lp ghp, sa cha khng lm hng b mt trc, ta chn kiu lp c h
H7/h6.
- Bnh rng quay cng trc chu m men xon, lc dc trc, lc hng knh, m
bo chnh xc tin cy, bn ca mi ghp v d gia cng chi tit l chn lp ghp
c di kiu H7/k6.
- i vi cc mi ghp then then c c nh trn trc theo kiu lp c di
thng lp theo h thng l vi sai lch ca then l k6.
Da vo bng phm vi s dng ca cc kiu lp 20.4 [1] ta c th la chn cc
kiu lp thch hp lp cc chi tit ln trc v gia cc chi tit vi nhau. V trong
qu trnh gia cng cc chi tit vic gia cng l bao gi cng km chnh xc hn gia
cng trc do y ta cng u tin gia cng trc vi cp chnh xc cao hp cp 6
v chn lun min dung sai ca trc l min k. T ta c th chn kiu lp min
dung sai ng thi tr s sai lch gii hn theo bng
(8-1):

Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


Bng 8-1: Bng thng k dung sai v kiu lp

s

V tr lp ghp Kiu lp
Gi tr sai lch gii hn

Dung sai
l
Dung sai
trc
Np v v hp H7/d11
+30 -100
0 -290
Trc v k6
+15
+2
V hp v H7
+30
0
Cc lt v v hp H7/h6
+30 0
0 -19
Vng vung du
v trc
H9/k6
+52 +15
0 +2
Vnh bnh rng
v may
H7/p6
+40 +68
0 +43
May bnh rng
v trc
H7/k6
+25 +18
0 +2
Trc v ng chn H9/k6
+62 +18
0 +2
( ) m
Trng H SPKT Hng Yn


TI LIU THAM KHO
[I] Trnh Cht, L Vn Uyn Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh tp 1, Nxb Gio
dc, H Ni 2001
[II] Trnh Cht, L Vn Uyn Tnh ton thit k h dn ng c kh tp 2, Nxb Gio
dc, H Ni 2001
[III] Ninh c Tn Dung sai v lp ghp, Nxb Gio dc.H Ni 2004
[IV] Nguyn Trng Hip Chi tit my tp 1,2, Nxb Gio dc. H Ni 1994

Nguyễn Đức Sử

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Trng H SPKT Hng Yn

=3,4: Truyn ng ai thang

=4,75 . 0,992.0,96= 4,52 (kW)

= arctg ( tg /cos ) = 45,63

: H s k n c tnh ti trng , ti trng va p va k

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