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Tuynchnvpn:
LuynthithiHccacctrngtrong ncnm2012.
M
Mn
n:H
HN
NHH
H
CK
KH
H
N
NGG
GIIA
AN
(laisacctvdn)
HNHCHP
Bi1.ChohnhchpSABCDcyABCDlhnhvungcnh a ,tamgicSABu,tam
gicSCDvungcntiS.GiI,J,KlnltltrungimcacccnhAB,CD,SA.
Chngminhrng (SIJ )^(ABCD).TnhthtchkhichpK.IBCD.
Gii.
T githittac:
S
AB ^SI
AB^ (SIJ)
AB ^ IJ
Do AB (ABCD) (SIJ)^ (ABCD).
D
K '
J
H
(SIJ )^(ABCD)
SH ^ (ABCD)
(SIJ) (ABCD)= IJ
+Goi KlhnhchiuvunggccaK ln (ABCD)khi KK'//SH do Kltrungim SAnn Kltrung
1
im AH&KK' = SH .
2
1
Ttac:V K.IBCD = KK'.SIBCD
3
a 3
1
a
Dthy: SI =
SJ = CD =
IJ = a DSIJ vung tiSv:SI 2 +SJ2 = IJ2
2
2
2
SI.SJ a 3
a 3
hthcSI.SJ=SH.IJ SH =
=
KK '=
IJ
4
8
(IB+ CD).BC 3a2
Tac IBCD lhnhthangvungtaiBvCnnSIBCD =
=
2
4
3
a . 3
Thayvotac VK .IBCD =
32
+K SH ^ IJ do
Gii
Tgithitsuyra SH ^( ABCD ) v
2a
B a C
a 5
2a
A
a 45
H
SH =
2a 3
=a 3
2
TheonhlPythagorastac
a
C
CH = SC 2 - SH 2 =a 2 .
4a
C'C
Dotamgic HBC vungcnti B v BC =a
Gi E = HC ADththtamgic HAE cngvungcnvdo
CE = 2a 2 = d ( D HC ) =d ( D( SHC ) ) suyra DE = 2a 2 2 = 4a AD =3a.
45
D B
2a 2
1
( BC + DA ) AB =4a 2 (.v.d.t.).Vy
2
1
4a3
VS . ABCD = SH S ABCD =
(.v.t.t.)
3
3
Suyra S ABCD =
Gii.
a) *SABCD = a2
*
SBO =600 SO= AOtan600 =
S
=
M
E
I
F
O
a 2
a 6
. 3 =
2
2
1
* VS. ABCD = SO.SABCD
3
1 a 6 2
C
= .
.a
3 2
a 3 6
=
6
b)
*Gis (P)SC = M
V (P)^SC v A (P) nn AM ^ SC
Mtkhc,gi EF =(P) (SBD) vi E SBF SD th EF//BD v EF quaI vi I = AM SO
(do BD ^SC(P)^ SC nn BD//(P)).
*Tathymtphng (P) ct S.ABCD theothitdinltgic AEMF ctnhcht AM ^ EF.
1
2
Do SAEMF = AM.EF
a 6
2
VAMltrungtuynca DSAC .MtkhcAOcngltrungtuynca DSAC nnI ltrng
tmca DSAC
EF
SI 2
2
2a 2
*Tac
=
= EF = BD=
BD SO 3
3
3
SAEMF
1
1 a 6 2a 2 a2 3
= AM.EF = .
.
=
.
2
2 2
3
3
a 5
2
a 15
2
a 15
2
a3 15
( dvtt )
6
BI ^ AH
BI ^ ( SAH)
BI ^ SH
d ( K ,( SAH) ) SK 1
1
1
a
=
= d ( K , ( SAH ) ) = d ( B,( SAH ) )= BI =
2
2
2
d ( B,( SAH ) ) SB 2
1
1
a 5
AC =
AB 2 + BC 2 =
2
2
2
1 1
1
1
1
a 5 a 5 5a3
VAHIK = . SA.SDAIH = ( SA. AI ).d ( H , AC) ( SA. AI ) HI = .2a.
.
=
.Du=xyra
3 2
12
12
12
2
2
24
khivchkhi HI ^ AI kthpvi HI = AI suyra a =450
cchaim B HI = AI = IC =
(ti39)
G
K
3a
a
IG =
2
2
2
10a
Tamgicvung BIG BG 2 = BI 2 + IG 2 =
4
14a 2 10a2
SG = SB 2 - BG 2 =
=a
4
4
1
11
3a
3a3
VSABC = S ABC.SG =
3a. .a =
3
32
2
4
K GK ^ AC , K AC , (GK / / BC ) SK ^BC
Gii.Gi I ltrungim AB , CI =
a
a 2 a 3
3a
SK = SG 2 + GK 2 = a 2 +
=
AC =
2
2
2
2
2
3 3a 3a 3
. =
2 2
4
3V
h lkhongccht B nmtphng ( SAC) h = SABC =a 3
S SAC
Bi7. ChohnhchpS.ABCDcyABCDlhnhthoicnhbng3cm,cccnhSA=SB
=SC=3cm .TamgicSBDcdintchbng6cm2 .TnhthtchcakhichpSABCD.
Gii.
GiHlhnhchiucaStrn(ABCD)suyraHnmtrnBD(VSA=SB==SC,BDltrung
trccaAC).DoSHngcaocahnhchpcnglngcaocatamgicSBD
GiOlgiaoimcaACvBD.VSA=SC=DA=DCnnSO=DOsuyratamgic
SBDltamgicvungtiS.Vdt(SBD)=6vSB=3nnSD=4suyraBD=5,SH=12/5.
GC
=
2
1
S SAC = a
2
GK =
ABCDlhnhthoicAD=3,DO=5/2nnAO=
suyradt(ABCD)=
11
2
5 11
2
1
SH .dt ( ABCD ) =2 11. VythtchkhichpS.ABCDbng 2 11
3
Bi8. ChohnhchpSABCc SA =3a (vi a >0)SAtoviy(ABC)mtgcbng600.
TamgicABCvungtiB,
ACB =300 .GltrngtmtamgicABC.Haimtphng(SGB)v
VS .ABCD =
(SGC)cngvunggcvimtphng(ABC).TnhthtchhnhchpS.ABCtheoa.
GiiGiKltrungimBC.Tac SG ^ ( ABC ) SAG = 600, AG =
3a
.
2
9a
3a 3
SG =
. TrongtamgicABCt AB = x AC = 2 x BC = x 3.
4
2
9a 7
1
243 3
Tac AK 2 = AB 2 +BK 2 nn x =
.Suyra VS .ABC = SG.S ABC =
a (vtt)
14
3
112
T AK =
Bi9.
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung gc vi mt phng y v
SA=a.GiM,NlnltltrungimcacccnhSB,SDIlgiaoimcaSCvmtphng
(AMN).ChngminhSCvunggcviAIvtnhthtchkhichpMBAI.
Gii
I
M
SV MAB =
a2
VMBAI
4
AM ^ SB
AN ^ SD
AM ^ SC
AN ^ SC SC ^ (AMN) SC ^ AI
AM ^ BC
AN ^ CD
1
K IH // BC IH ^(SAB) (v BC ^(SAB) ) VMBAI = SVMAB.IH
3
2
2
2
SA
a
a
a
SI.SC = SA 2 SI=
=
=
=
2
2
2
SC
3
SA + AC
3a
SI
IH
SI.BC a
=
IH=
=
SC BC
SC
3
3
1
a
= SVMAB.IH=
3
36
Bi10: ChohnhchpS.ABCcyltamgicvungtiA,AB=3,AC=4gctobicc
mtbnvybng60o.TnhthtchcakhichpS.ABC
Gii.
S
GiHlhnhchiuca Sln(ABC)M,N,Klnltlhnhchiuca
HlnhcnhAB,AC,BC.Khith tchVcakhichpctnh
bicngthc
A
M
C
K
1
V = S DABC.SH
3
1
m S DABC = AB. AC =6
2
TnhSH.
XtcctamgicSHM,SHN,
SHKvungtiH,
cccgcSMH,SNH,SKH
bng 600 doHM=HN=HK=>Hltm ng trnnitiptamgicABC=>
B
2SABC
0
HM =
= 1=>SH=HM.tan60 = 3
AB + BC +CA
1
Vy V =
3.6 =2 3
3
Bi11.ChohnhchpS.ABCD,yABCDlhnhthoi.SA=x(0<x< 3)cccnhcnli
ubng1.TnhthtchcahnhchpS.ABCDtheox.
Gii.Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD.
S
1
2
CA = SC 2 + SA2 = 1 +x2
Mtkhctac AC 2 + BD 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 + CD 2 +AD 2
H
O
B
A
BitkhongcchtimOnmtphng(SAB)bng
a 3
,tnhthtchkhichpS.ABCD
4
theoa.
Gii.TgithitAC= 2a 3 BD=2avAC,BDvunggcvinhautitrungimOca
mingcho.TactamgicABOvungtiOvAO= a 3BO=a,do A
BD =600
HaytamgicABDu.
Tgithithaimtphng(SAC)v(SBD)cngvunggcvimtphng(ABCD)nngiao
tuyncachnglSO ^(ABCD).
DotamgicABDunnviHltrungimcaAB,KltrungimcaHBtac DH ^ AB
vDH= a 3OK//DHv OK =
1
a 3
DH =
OK ^AB AB ^(SOK)
2
2
D
O
ThtchkhichpS.ABCD:
1
3a
S ABCD.SO =
3
3
H
a
VS .ABCD =
3a
Bi13.
ChohnhchpS.ABCDcyABCDlhnhbnhhnhcgc BAC =600 AB=a
AC=4a.Haimtphng(SAB)v(SAC)cngvunggcviySDtoviygc 450.
1,Tnhthtchkhichp.
2,GiE,Flnltltrung imcaBCvSD.Tnhkhong cch giahai ngthngDEv
CF.
Gii.Tac:
(SAB) ^ (ABCD)
SA ^ (ABCD)
(SAC) ^ (ABCD
SDA lgcgiaSDv(ABCD)
SDA=450
Trong ABC c:
BC2 =AB2 +AC22AB.ACcos ( BAC )
=13a 2 AD=BC=a 13
F
H J
D
K
A
E
TrongtamgicSADvungtiA,tac:
SA=ADtan(SDA)=a 13
SABCD=2SABC=AB.ACsin(BAC)=2a 2 3
1
2a 3 39
VS.ABCD = SA.SABCD=
3
3
2,Tnhkhong cchgiaDE,CF
Trongmp(ABCD),dng CI//ED (I AD) ED//(CFI)
2SHCI
CI
2
2
2
AD +CD AC
1
1
Tac: cos(ADC)=
=
cos(BCD)=
2AD.CD
13
13
a 13
CI=DE= DE 2 +CD 22DE.CD.cos(BCD) =
2
4a 3
HK=
13
1
a 13
HF= SA=
2
2
1
1
1
13
4
361
TrongtamgicFHKvungtiH,c: 2 =
+
=
+
=
2
2
2
2
HJ
HK
HF
48a
13a
624a 2
4a 39
2a 39
HJ=
d ( D,(CFI))=
19
19
2a 39
Vy: d (DE,CF)=
19
Tathy: SHCI = SABCD=a 2 3 HK=
Bi14.ChohnhchpS.ABCDcyABCDlhnhthang vungtiAvD,AB=AD=a,
CD=2ahaimtphng(SAD)v(SCD)cngvunggcvimtphng(ABCD).CnhbnSB
tovimtphngymtgc600giGltrngtmcatamgicBCD.Tnhthtchkhi
chpS.ABCDvkhongcchtGnmt(SBC).
Gii.
+)TgiithittacSD ^ (ABCD)
S
=600
suyra(SB,(ABCD))= SBD
1
2
3a2
(vdt)
2
+)dotamgicABDvungcntiA,AB=a
K
C
G
a 6
(vtt)
2
E
A
1
1
1
a 6
=
+
DH =
2
2
2
DH
SD
DB
2
)GiEltrungimBC,kGK//DH,KthucHE=>GK ^ (SBC)v
GK EG 1
a 6
a 6
=
= GK =
Vyd(G,(SBC)= GK =
DH ED 3
6
6
DH ^ (SBC)
GiNlimixngcaNquaIthNthucAB,tac:
=>N(45)=>PtngthngAB:4x+3y1=0
KhongcchtInngthngAB:
d=
4.2 + 3.1 - 1
42 +32
= 2
AC=2.BDnnAI=2BI,tBI=x,AI=2xtrongtamgicvungABIc:
1
1
1
= 2 + 2 suyrax= 5 suyraBI = 5
2
d
x
4x
TtacBthuc(C): ( x - 2) 2 + ( y - 1)2 =5
imBlgiaoimcatAB:4x+3y1=0vingtrntmIbnknh 5
Bi15.ChohnhchpS.ABCDcyABCDlhnhthoicnhavcgc
ABC =600 ,haimt
phng(SAC)v(SBD)cngvunggcviy,gcgiahaimtphng(SAB)v(ABCD)
bng 300.TnhthtchkhichpS.ABCDvkhongcchgiahaingthngSA,CDtheoa.
Gii.
GiO= AC IBD ,MltrungimABvIltrungimca
AM.
DotamgicABCltamgicucnhann:
CM ^ AB,OI ^ AB v
CM =
a 3
a 3
a2 3
, OI =
,S ABCD =
2
4
2
V(SAC)v(SBD)cngvunggcvi(ABCD)nn SO ^( ABCD )
= 300
Do AB ^ OI AB ^SI .Suyra:
OI , SI ) = SIO
( SAB ) , ( ABCD )= (
XttamgicvungSOItac: SO = OI .t an300 =
a 3 3 a
. =
4 3
4
1
1 a 2 3 a a3 3
Suyra: V = .S ABCD.SO = .
. =
.
3
3 2 4
24
GiJ= OI ICD vHlhnhchiuvunggccaJtrnSI
a 3
v JH ^( SAB )
2
Do CD / / AB CD / /( SAB ).Suyra:
Suyra: IJ = 2OI =
XttamgicvungIJHtac: JH = IJ .s in300 =
Vy d ( SA,CD )=
a 3 1 a 3
. =
2 2
4
a 3
.
4
Bi16.Trongkhnggian,chotamgicvungcnABCccnhhuyn
AB=2a.TrnngthngdiquaAvvunggcvimtphng(ABC)lyimS,saocho
mtphng(SBC)tovimtphng(ABC)mtgc 600 .Tnhdintchmtcungoitipt
dinSABC.
Gii.
Tgithitsuyra DABC
vungtiCkthpvi d ^(SAC ).
Suyra BC ^( SAC )
=600
Do SCA
Do DABC vungtiCvAB=2a
AC = BC =a 2
TrongtamgicvungSACtac
SA = AC.tan 600 =a 6
TrongtamgicSABc: SB = SA2 + AB 2 =a 10
C
0
SB a 10
=
2
2
LNGTR
Bi1.Cholngtrtamgicu ABC.A1B1C1 cchncnhubng 5 .Tnhgcvkhong
cchgiahaingthng AB1 v BC1.
Gii.Tnhgcvkhongcchgiahaingthng AB1 v BC1.
Tacylngtrltamgicucnhbng5ccmtbnlhnhvungcnhbng5
AB1 = BC1 =5 2.Dnghnhbnhhnh
BDB1C1 DB1 = BC1 = 5 2, BD = C1 B1 =5,AD = CD.sin 600 =5 3
) (
) (
5 2 + 5 2 - 5 3
AB12 + DB12 - AD2
1
AB1D nhnt
cos
AB1D=
=
=
2 AB1.DB2
4
2.5 2.5 2
1
a =
AB1D cosa = .Tathy BC1 / / mp ( AB1 D ) ,AB1 mp ( AB1D ) t
4
3VB.AB1D
3VB1.ABC
d ( BC1 , AB1 ) = d ( BC1 , mp ( AB1 D ) ) = d ( B,mp ( AB1D ) )=
=
1
dtDAB1D
AB1.DB1.sina
2
25 3
5.
4
AB . AD1sina
.5 2.5 2.
d ( AB1 , BC1)= 5
2 1
2
4
BB1dtDABC
A'
C'
B'
I
Gii.GiI=AC AC,J=AB AB
J
O
H
M
B
tchV.
nhauti
(BA'C) (ABC')=BI
GoiO=BI CJ
TacOltrngtmtamgicBAC
GiHlhnhchiucaOln(ABC)
Do V ABClhnhchiuvunggcca V BACtrn(ABC)nnHltrngtm V ABC
OH HM 1
=
=
A ' B AM 3
1
1
1
VOABC = OH .SV ABC = A ' B.SVABC = V
3
9
9
Bi3.Cholngtrtamgicu ABC . A ' B ' C' ccnhylavkhongcchtA
a
nmtphng(ABC)bng .Tnhtheo athtchkhilngtr ABC . A ' B ' C'
2
GiMltrungimBC.Tac:
Gii.GiMltrungimBC,hAHvunggcviAM
BC ^ AM
BC ^ ( AA ' M ) BC ^ AH
BC ^ AA '
a
M AH ^ A ' M AH ^ ( A ' BC ) AH = .
2
1
1
1
a 6
Mtkhc:
=
+
AA'=
2
2
2
4
AH
A 'A
AM
3
3a 2
KL: VABC . A ' B ' C' =
.
16
Tac:
Bi4. Cho hnh lng tr ABC .A1B1C1 c y l tam gic u cnh bng 5 v
A1 A = A1B = A1C =5.ChngminhrngtgicBCC1B1 lhnhchnhtvtnhthtchkhilng
tr ABC .A1B1C1 .
Gii.Gi O ltmcatamgicu ABC OA = OB =OC .
Ngoi ra ta c A1 A = A1B = A1C =5 A1O l trc ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
ABC A1O ^ ( ABC ) AO lhnhchiuvunggcca AA1ln mp ( ABC).
M OA ^ BC A1A ^BC do AA1 / /BB1 BB1 ^BC hay hnh bnh hnh BCC1B1 l hnh ch
nht.
2
2 5 3
5 6
Tac A1O ^ ( ABC ) A1O ^ CO A1O = CA - CO = 5 - .
=
3
3 2
2
1
52 3 5 6 125 2
.
=
4
3
4
Bi5.Chohnhlpphng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 cdicnhbng a.TrncccnhABvCD
C1
D1
A1
B1
x 2
2
V A1 B ^ AB1 MK ^ A1B v CB ^ ( ABB1 A1) CB ^ MK .
T
D
N
suy
ra
MK ^ ( A1 BC ) MK = d ( MN , ( A1 BC ) ) =d ( MN , A1C )
a
x 2 a
a 2
a 2
= x =
.VyMthamn BM =
3
2
3
3
3
Bi6.Cholngtr ABCAB C cyltamgicABCvungcntiA,BC=2a, AA vunggc
vimtphng(ABC).Gcgia ( ABC ) v ( BBC ) bng 600.Tnhthtchlngtr ABCAB C .
GiiTAkAI ^ BC IltrungimBC
) AI ^ B C(1)
AI ^ (BC CB
B
TIkIM ^ B C
(2)
A
Nn MK =
T(1)(2) B C ^ (IAM)
B C ^ MA(3)
T(2)(3) gcgia(A B C)v( B CB)
bnggcgiaIMvAM=
AMI =600
(DotamgicAMIvungtiI)
1
TacAI= BC =a
2
AI
a
=
IM=
0
tan 60
3
C
I
B
D IMC : D B BC
IM
IC
IM .BC
=
BB =
B
I
BB BC
IC
a
1
1
BC BB =
BB 2 + 4a2
BB = 3 BC =
a
3
3
2
2
2
3BB = BB +4a BB = a 2
1
1
S DABC = AI .BC = a.2a =a 2
2
2
VABC ABC = a 2.a 2 =a 3 2
Bi7.ChohnhlngtrngABC.ABCc AC = a, BC = 2a,
ACB =1200vngthng
A 'C tovimtphng ( ABB ' A') gc 300.Tnhthtchkhilngtrchovkhongcch
giahaingthng A ' B, CC' theoa.
Gii
Trong(ABC),k CH ^ AB ( H AB ),suyra CH ^( ABB ' A ') nn
AHlhnhchiuvunggccaACln(ABBA).Do:
1
a2 3
AC.BC .s in1200 =
2
2
2
2
2
AB = AC + BC - 2 AC.BC .cos1200 = 7 a 2 AB = a 7
S DABC =
CH =
2.SDABC a 21
=
AB
7
Suyra: A 'C =
CH
2a 21
=
.
0
s in30
7
a 35
.
7
a3 105
Suyra: V = SDABC. AA '=
.
14
Do CC '/ / AA ' CC '/ / ( ABB ' A ').Suyra:
d ( A ' B, CC ' ) = d ( CC ', ( ABB ' A ') ) = d ( C , ( ABB ' A ') )= CH =
a 21
7
A1
TactamgicABCucnh2annSABC=a2 3
MtkhcA1A= A1B= A1C A1ABCltdinu.
C1
B
G
GiGltrngtmtamgicABC,tacA1Glngcao.
2
3
2a 3
3
TrongtamgicABCcAG= AH=
2a 3
.tan a
3
3
3
1
1
1
M = 2 a + b + ab + bc + 3 abc = 2 a + b +
a.4b +
b.4c + 3 a.4b.16c
4
4
2
2
4
3
a + 4b b + 4c a + 4b + 16c 28( a + b + c)
2a + b +
+
+
=
=7
4
4
4
12
12
16
4
1
Dubngxyrakhivchkhi a = , b = ,c =
7
7
7