Professional Documents
Culture Documents
V. VI.
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IV.
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Giao din Microsoft Office Fluent (thanh Ribbon) thn thin. Vi Ribbon, bn c th truy cp n cc tab trn ca s chng trnh mt cch d dng.
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Ln lch cc cng vic: bn c th t ln lch cc cng vic trong d n sau khi to cc cng vic . Cc thng tin gm ngy bt u, ngy kt thc, thi lng cng vic, s ph thuc ca cc cng vic bn c th thit lp trong Microsoft Project 2010.
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Giao din Timeline: mang n cho bn giao din trc quan sinh ng gm bn tm tt cc cng vic, nhim v v cc s kin quan trng m bn mun xem. D dng sao chp Timeline v dn chng vo mt ng dng khc.
Lm vic tt vi Excel v Word: bn c th dn cc d liu ca Microsoft Project 2010 vo Excel hoc Word theo cc ct v cu trc d liu ca Microsoft Project.
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Ty bin cc trng d liu: ch cn to mt gi tr s, ngy hoc ch t ct ngoi cng bn phi ca bng, Microsoft Project c th xc nh chnh xc loi d liu bn s dng. Tnh nng AutoFilter c ci thin, s dng cng c lc ging Microsoft Excel gip bn c th phn loi, sp xp theo nhm.
Lu tp tin sang nh dng PDF hoc XPS: Microsoft Project 2010 cho php bn lu tp tin c nh dng *.mpp thnh nh dng ti liu PDF hoc XPS.
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Giao din Team Planner (ch c phin bn Microsoft Project Professional 2010): gip bn c th thay i cng vic t ngun lc ny sang ngun lc khc bng cch ko th ti ca s Team Planner.
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Tnh nng Inactive task (ch c phin bn Microsoft Project Professional 2010): gip bn c th v hiu ha cc cng vic c chn t mt d n v th n khng nh hng g n tin d n. Bn c th kch hot li cng vic ny nu cn. Tch hp SharePoint Task List (ch c phin bn Microsoft Project Professional 2010): ng b ha cc cng vic gia Microsoft Project vi Project Task List trn Microsoft SharePoint.
Microsoft Project qua nhiu nm pht trin cc phng php qun l d n cung cp cho bn mt s cng c lp k hoch v theo di. Mt vi im ch : Biu Gantt l giao din chnh ca Microsoft Project, hin th cc bng tnh vi cc ct d liu cng giao din ha cc nhim v trong d n b tr dc theo mt thi gian nm ngang. Bng cch xem xt cc d liu trong cc ct (chng hn tn cng vic, ngy bt u, ngy kt thc, cc ngun lc) bn c th hiu cc thng s ca tng cng vic v xem thi gian ca mnh.
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S Network Diagram (hay cn gi l s logic) thc cht l phin bn biu PERT (Mt chng trnh thm nh v nh gi k thut c pht trin trong thi gian xy dng cc tu ngm Polaris trong nhng nm 1950). S ny cho bn xem c cc cng vic hin ti ang c khp vi nhau.
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Qun l ri ro l mt phn quan trng trong mt d n v bt c d n no cng c ri ro. Bn c th gp ri ro v ngun lc, v nguyn vt liu, chi ph v ri ro ny c th khin d n ca bn chm tin . Qun l ri ro l mt ngh thut d on ri ro, l sao d n ca bn t ri ro nht v xc nh chin lc ngn nga cng nh khc phc ri ro xy ra. Microsoft Project gip bn qun l ri ro bng cch cho php a ra cc tnh hung ri ro c th. V d, khi bn thay i thi gian ca ngy bt u s ko theo s thay i trong d n, lc ny bn c th thy c s chm tr, chi ph thay i v cc ngun lc c th xung t vi nhau. Vi nhng thng tin ny bn c th qun l cc ri ro mt cch hiu qu hn. Qun l ngun lc bao gm vic s dng cc ngun lc mt cch thng minh. Mt ngi qun l d n gii s tm ra cc ngun lc thch hp cho cng vic, giao cho thnh vin khi lng cng vic hp l. Trong Microsoft Project c cc cng c chng hn mt biu Resource Usage cho php bn bit c ngun lc ang s dng, bn cnh biu s phn nh khi lng cng vic.
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Nu bn cn phi t chc mt k ngh cho cng ty, l mt d n. Nu bn c giao cho cng vic kho st mt d n nh t no chun b xy dng cao c, phi hp vi cc nh thu xy dng v bn lm vic vi mt nhm 300 ngi, chc chn l mt d n. Thm ch l bn chun b mt bi pht biu m bn chun b thc hin cng c coi l mt d n v n c nhng c im nht nh. Cho d l mt d n nh hay l nhng d n cng u c nhng c im sau: Mc tiu tng th Ngi ng vai tr qun l d n Cc cng vic c th c thc hin gia mt im bt u c th v mt im kt thc. Thi gian cho cng vic s c hon thnh (chng hn nh 3 gi, 3 ngy hoc 3 thng) Mi quan h gia thi gian v cng vic Ngun lc (con ngi, thit b, phng tin, vt t.) hon thnh cng vic Ngn sch (cc chi ph lin quan vi con ngi, thit b, phng tin v ngun cung cp)
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Giao din Microsoft Project 2010 Mt cng vic c th tri rng ra hoc chi tit nu bn mun. V d bn c th to mt cng vic duy nht hoc to ra bn tm tt cng vic v cc cng vic con bn di. V d mt d n truyn thng, qung co bng phng tin truyn thng th cc cng vic con l thit k, chnh sa, xem li v cui cng l thc hin qung b. Thi gian trong d n cng l vn rt quan trng. Hu ht tt c cng vic trong d n u c thi gian, chnh l khong thi gian thc hin cng vic c im bt u v kt thc. Nu mt cng vic m khng c thi gian c th th n n gin l mt cng vic c bn cht nh du mc thi gian, chng hn bn bn ph duyt mt bin bng bo co ngn sch hoc xem li danh sch cc thnh vin trong d n. Microsoft Project khng cung cp cho bn cch lm vic hiu qu vi thi gian. Bn phi xc nh v thit lp thi gian hiu qu da trn kinh nghim ca ring bn. Chng hn thit k mt phn mm mt 3 tun hay 3 thng hoc xin giy php ca S xy dng trong 5 ngy hay 10 ngy. Microsoft Project cng khng phi l mt nh tin tri do bn phi cung cp cc d kin, s liu xy dng lch trnh d n ca bn. Sau khi nhp thng tin vo, Microsoft s gip bn theo di tin , lch trnh ca d n v mt s tnh nng mi gip bn lm vic hiu qu hn. Tnh ph thuc ca cng vic Bn cnh vic ln cng vic bn cn phi xc nh tnh ph thuc gia cc cng vic, chng hn cng vic th hai khng th bt u nu nh cng vic th nht cha hon thnh. Hoc nhim v th 6 thc hin c 50% th nhim v th 7 s bt u c tin hnh.
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Di y l mt s v d v tnh ph thuc: Bn khng th bt u s dng mt thit b cho n khi bn ci t n. Bn phi ch cho b tng trn nn nh bn kh trc khi bn bt u xy dng trn . Bn khng th bt u cho ra mt sn phm thuc mi cho n khi c B Y T ph chun. Sp xp ngun lc Khi ln u tin s dng Microsot Project, c mt s nhm ln v ngun lc. Ngun lc khng ch l con ngi m ngun lc c th l mt phn thit b hoc chi ph, chng hn tin thu nh, mt phng hp m bn phi tr ph hng gi s dng. Microsoft Project cho bn 3 loi ngun lc sau: ngun lc lm vic, ngun lc vt cht v ngun lc v chi ph. Ngun lc lm vic c tnh bng gi hoc ngy lm vic trn mt cng vic, ngun lc ny in hnh l con ngi. Ngun lc vt cht chng hn nh vt t, st thp, c tnh vi chi ph mi ln s dng hoc mt n v o lng. Ngun chi ph l chi ph c th cho mi ln m bn s dng n v n c th thay i theo cng vic. V d mt bui hi tho ca cc chuyn gi c th tn khon 250$ cho mt ln v ln k tip c th l 500$. Vi hi tho ny ch lm thay i ngun chi ph m khng thay i v thi gian t chc. Mt s ngun lc nh con ngi s thc hin cng vic ca h theo lch. Nu mt ngi lm vic 8 gi mt ngy v bn thit lp cho ngi mt cng vic mt 24h hon thnh, do s mt 3 ngy lm vic hon thnh cng vic. Trong khi , mt ngi khc lm vic 12 gi th s mt 2 ngy hon thnh cng vic tng t. Ngoi ra bn c th thit lp cng vic ty chng hn lm vic theo ca hoc 1 tun ch lm 4 ngy.
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Sau khi nhp thng tin, Microsoft Project cung cp cho bn mt giao din xem n tng cng nh cc ty chn bo co v d n ca bn. Bn c th xut ra bn bo co v s dng n trn Microsoft Excel 2010.
Ln k hoch theo di Sau khi bn xy dng c tt c cng vic, xc nh thi gian thc hin, tnh ph thuc v mi quan h ca tng cng vic, chi ph v ngun lc. Bn cn thit lp mt ng c s. ng c s c s dng nh gi v so snh k hoch trn d n v tin ca d n. Bn cnh , bn cn ghi chp li qu trnh ca tng cng vic nh thi gian, chi ph thc t so vi trn k hoch. Cui cng khi c c nhng ng c s bn c th so snh n ti Microsoft Project xem v thc t thi gian ca cng vic v chi ph d n. Cho d d n ca bn c tn km hn so vi nhng g da ra bn cng c th xem v iu chnh li. Vai tr ngi qun l d n Ngi qun l d n l ngi to ra tng th d n v c gng d n c hon thnh. Ngi qun l d n l ngi c th s dng cc k nng v phng php thit lp mc thi gian hp l, qun l ngun lc tt v thng gi lch trnh d n ng tin . Vi mt h thng qun l d n tt, bn c th tr li c cc cu hi nh: Nhng cng vic phi thc hin l g? Th t cc cng vic nh th no?
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Thi hn cho cc cng vic phi c thc hin nh th no? Ai s l ngi hon thnh cc cng vic? Chi ph cho tng cng vic v cho ton b d n l bao nhiu? Nu mt s cng vic cha c hon thnh so vi tin s nh th no? u l cch tt nht lin lc n nhng ngi c trch nhim trong mt d n?
Mt ngi qun l d n khng phi lc no cng cp cao nht ca d n m thay vo , ngi qun l d l ngi m bo rng cc b phn ca d n hp tc lm vic sun s. Ngoi ra, ngi qun l d n l ngi phi chu trch nhim i vi s thnh cng hoc tht bi ca d n. Mt ngi qun l d n cn qun l cc vn sau: Ln k hoch cho d n cng nh tin d n: y l nhng g bn c th to ra trong Microsoft Project. N bao gm cc bc tnh ton, thi gian v chi ph t c mc tiu ca d n. Ngun lc: qun l ngun lc ca d n. Lin h vi cc nhm, i ng v khach hng: vic lin lc, theo di, nhc nh cc nhm lm vic l mt trch nhim m ngi qun l d n cn phi lm d n c sun s. Trong mt d n, bn c thi gian, ngun lc (m ch yu l chi ph) v cht lng cui cng cho d n. Microsoft Project gip bn qun l cc ngun lc v thi gian ca d n. Cht lng ca cc d n thng b nh hng trc tip bi bn. V d nu bn gim ngun lc d tit kim tin n s nh hng n cht lng. Tm li, mt s cn bng hp l ca thi gian, tin bc v cht lng l ct li ca nhng v m mt ngi qun l d n c trong sut chu trnh ca d n. Nu bn s dng Microsoft Project ln u tin, bn s thy cc tnh nng trong Microsoft Project rt cn thit cho d n ca bn. Microsoft Project 2010 c hai phin bn khc nhau:
Project Standard: cung cp cc tnh nng c bn bn c th to v chnh sa k hoch ca d n. Project Professional bao gm tt c cc tnh nng c trong phin bn Project Standard. Ngoi ra, Project Professional tch hp thm mt s tnh nng c th kt ni n Microsoft Project Server, gii php Enterprise Project Management (EPM) t Microsoft.
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I.
bt u vi Microsoft Project bn c th m mt tp tin Project hoc khi ng t menu Start. 1. Click vo Start. 2. Trn menu Start, click vo All Programs > Microsoft Office > Microsoft Office Project 2010
Bn c th nhn thy giao din trong Microsoft Project 2010 hon ton khc so vi cc phin bn Microsoft Project trc . Vi giao din Fluent (thng c gi l giao din Ribbon) gip bn d dng thao tc trn Microsoft Project 2010.
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Thanh cng c Quick Access l ni bn c th ty bin giao din, c th thm cc ty chn bn thng xuyn s dng ln thanh cng c ny.
Thanh tab v giao din Ribbon thn thin. Tab l ni bn thao tc trn Microsoft Project 2010. Trong Microsoft Project 2010 c 5 tab chnh l Task, Resource, Project, View, Team, ngoi ra c 2 tab c th thay i l Add-in (s dng thm cc cng c h tr bn ngoi) v Format (ty theo i tng bn chn)
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Thanh View label nm dc theo cnh tri ca giao din chnh th hin kiu giao din m bn ang xem.
Khu vc View shortcut cho php bn nhanh chng chuyn i mt s ch xem bn hay s dng thng xuyn trong Microsoft Project. Bn cnh View shortcut l thanh trt Zoom cho php bn phng to thu nh.
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Thanh trng thi Status hin th ch m bn ang s dng l t ng (Auto) hay bng tay (Manually).
Menu shorcut v thanh cng c mini s hin th khi bn click phi vo mt thnh phn no trong d n ca bn.
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II.
Backstage l mt thnh phn mi trong cc sn phm Office 2010 gip bn c th qun l tp tin cng nh thit lp v Microsoft Project 2010. Backstage cha cc ty chn, chc nng chia s, bn cnh vi cc m tp tin (Open), to mi (New) v lu (Save). n Backstage, thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Click vo File trn giao din Microsoft Project 2. Microsoft Project 2010 s hin th Backstage.
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Giao din Backstage Save, Save As, Open v Close l cc chc nng chun trong Office. Info l ni bn truy cp n cc tp tin d n.
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Save & Send l ty chn cho php bn nh km mt tp tin Project vo e-mail, to mt ti liu nh dng PDF hoc XPS. Ngoi ra bn c mt s ty chn kt ni n my ch.
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Help l ty chn cho php bn xem cc tr gip, hng dn trc tuyn v ci t Project hoc hoc cc thng tin v bn quyn sn phm Microsoft Project.
Options cho php bn thit lp cho chng trnh Microsoft Project 2010.
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Ch : Nu bn s dng phin bn Microsoft Project Standard 2010, bn s khng thy mt s ty chn ging trong phin bn Microsoft Project Professional 2010
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III.
Project 2010 gia nhp nhm cc sn phm Office 2010 trong vic p dng giao din Fluent (thng c gi l giao din Ribbon). Trong phn ny bn s c lm quen vi Ribbon v cc tab. Task v Resource lin quan n d liu bn thng xuyn lm vic vi Microsoft Project.
Tab Task
View gip bn kim sot, xem c cc thng tin trong d n bng nhiu cch trnh by khc nhau.
Format l mt tab ty chn, cc chc nng hin th trn tab ny ty thuc vo cc chc nng chnh m bn s dng hoc cc thnh phn bn mun xem. V d khi bn xem mt cng vic, chng hn biu Gantt Chart, chc nng trn tab Format hin th v gip bn lm vic vi biu ny.
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Ging nh tt c cc tab, ti Task cha nhiu chc nng v c t chc thnh cc nhm. Ti Task gm cc nhm View, Clipboard, Font, Schedule, Tasks, Insert, Properties v Editting. Mt s chc nng thc hin ngay lp tc, trong khi mt s chc nng khc dn bn n nhiu la chn hn. Mt s v d trn cc tab.
IV.
View: xem chi tit d n bng nhiu cch trnh by thng tin khc nhau
Tab View l ni bn c th xem cc thng tin ca d n bng nhiu cch trnh by khc nhau. Trong tab View gm c 7 nhm: Task Views, Resource Views, Data, Zoom, Split View, Window, Macros. Bn c th s dng cc chc nng trong tab View ny nhp, chnh sa, phn tch v hin th thng tin d n. Mc nh trong tab View s hin th biu Gantt.
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Nhn chung, ti tab View tp trung cc chc nng chnh cc nhm Task Views, Resource Views v Data.
Nu bn mun xem ton cnh tin trnh d n bn c th nh du chn Timeline ti nhm Split View trn tab View.
C nhiu cch xem khc trong Microsoft Project. Bn c th click vo chc nng Other Views sau click vo More Views trn nhm Task Views hoc Resource Views.
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iu quan trng m bn phi hiu l trong tt c cch xem trn th cch no l im nhn chnh trong d n ca bn. S dng tab View gip bn tp trung vo nhng im chnh m bn mun xem trn mt d n.
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Cc cng vic l thnh phn c bn nht trong bt kz mt d n no cho d l ln hay nh. Cng vic s m t cc thng tin, hot ng, trnh t, thi gian v ti nguyn yu cu. Trong Microsoft Project 2010, c cc loi cng vic khc nhau: summary task (tm tt cng vic), subtask (cc cng vic con) v milestone (cc ct mc quan trng). Trong chng ny, bn s qun l cc cng vic cng nh thit lp k hoch theo 2 cch khc nhau: Nhp cc cng vic theo d kin bng phng php th cng. Lm vic vi chc nng t ng thit lp cng vic.
I.
To mt k hoch d n mi
Mt k hoch ca d n l mt m hnh m bn xy dng bao gm cc cng vic, ngun lc, khung thi gian, chi ph. Microsoft Project 2010 tp trung chnh vo thi gian. i khi bn c th ngh rng ch cn thit lp ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca d n l hon tt. Tuy nhin, Microsoft Project 2010 gip bn tnh ton c khong thi gian khi bn ch cn nhp ngy bt u hoc kt thc ca cng vic. khi to mt d n mi, thc hin cc bc sau:
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1. Click vo Start > All Programs > Microsoft Office > Microsoft Project 2010.
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3. Click vo New.
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5.
6. Ti Start date, nhp ngy bt u ca d n. hoc bn c th click vo biu tng mi tn hin th lch v chn ngy.
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7. Click vo OK chp nhn ngy bt u v ng hp thoi Project Information. 8. Trn tab File, click chn Save lu li tp tin d n.
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II.
Vic t tn cho cng vic c gi tr thc tin tt trong k hoch d n ca bn. Vi tn cng vic, bn c th bit c { ngha v nhng ngi thc hin cng vic . Mt s li khuyn khi t tn cng vic: S dng cm ng t ngn m t cng vic phi lm, chng hn Chnh sa bn tho. Nu cng vic c t chc thnh tng giai on, trnh lp li cc chi tit t cc cng vic con. Nu cc cng vic i km ngun lc, khng nn s dng tn ngun lc chung vi tn cng vic.
Bn khng cn phi lo lng v tn cng vic v bn c th chnh sa n bt c lc no. thc hin vic t tn cho cng vic, bn thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Click vo bn di Task Name.
2. Nhp tn cng vic, chng hn Phn cng, sau nhn Enter. Cc cng vic m bn nhp s cung cp mt s ID v s ID l duy nht i vi mi cng vic.
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III.
Trong phn ny, bn s bt u lm vic vi thi lng cng vic. Microsoft Project c th lm vic vi thi lng tnh theo pht cho n thng. Ty thuc vo quy m ca d n m bn c th thit lp thi gian theo gi, ngy v tun. Microsoft Project c th xc nh thi gian tng th ca mt d n bng cc tnh ton khc nhau gia thi gian bt u sm nht v thi gian kt thc cui cng trong mt cng vic trn d n. Khi lm vic vi Microsoft Project, bn c th s dng cc ch vit tt sau: Nu bn nhp vo tn vit tt m h d w mo Tn s hin th min hr day wk mon ngha Pht Gi Ngy Tun Thng
Chc nng t ng thit lp cng vic lun lun c mt thi lng (mc nh l mt ngy). Tuy nhin vi chc nng th cng bn c th nhp cc gi tr thi gian bng ch vit tt. V d 3d l 3 ngy. Bn cng c th nhp on vn bn chng hn Kim tra nhm Makerting c thay th vi thi gian mc nh l 1 ngy khi bn chuyn i cng vic t chc nng thit lp thi gian th cng (Manual) sang thi lp thi gian t ng (Automatic). Microsoft Project s dng chun gi tr thi lng l pht v gi. Mt pht bng 60 giy v mt gi bng 60 pht. i vi thng lng ca ngy, tun v thng bn c th s dng mc nh ca d n (v d 20 ngy/ thng) hoc thit lp gi tr ring. thc hin iu ny, vo tab File, click Options > Schedule.
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nhp cc gi tr thi gian khc nhau, thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Click Duration v nhp gi tr thi lng cho cng vic. 2. Nhp gi tr thi lng
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5. Ti ct Finish, nhp ngy kt thc. Microsoft Project 2010 tnh ton thi lng l 7 ngy. Lu { rng 7 ngy ny gm cc ngy t th 2 n th 6 ca tun th nht v th 2, th 3 ca tun sau . Microsoft Project 2010 cng gip bn phn bit nhng ngy khng lm vic (nonworking day) c th hin qua mu sc khc bit.
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IV.
Bn cnh vic nhp cc cng vic, bn c th to ra cc ct mc quan trng, thut ng ny trong qun l d n gi l milestone. Milestone l s kin quan trng c th l thi im hon thnh giai on 1 ca d n hoc mt s kin v u t chi ph. to mt ct mc, thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Click vo mt cng vic. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Insert, click Milestone.
2. Microsoft Project s chn mt cng vic mi vo v nm pha trn mt cng vic m bn la chn bc th nht. Tn mc nh l <New Milestone>.
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Ngoi ra, bn c th nh du mt cng vic to trc nh mt ct mc, lm iu ny, bn thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Click-double vo mt cng vic m bn mun nh du ct mc. 2. Ti hp thoi Task Information, chuyn qua tab Advanced v nh du chn vo Mark task as milestone.
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V.
T chc cc cng vic thnh giai on l mt vic lm quan trng trong k hoch d n. V d, thng thng vi mt d n Xut bn sch s chia thnh cc giai on nh bin tp, thit k, in n v xut bn...v.v..Khi bn to mt cng vic tm tt, thi lng ca n s c tin da trn cc cng vic con trong v chc nng ny ch c chc nng t ng thit lp cng vic. Tuy nhin, bn c th chnh sa thi lng theo phng php th cng v Microsoft Project s theo di v tnh ton thi lng . t chc cc cng vic thnh giai on, c th l v d v mt k hoch ra mt cun sch mi v chia thnh 2 giai on: 1. Chn nhng giai on cn nhm li thnh mt giai on. 2. Trn tab Task, ti nhm Schedule, click vo biu tng Indent Task.
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3. Sau khi click biu tng Indent Task, cc cng vic s li vo so vi cng vic pha trn. Cng vic pha trn c xem nh giai on ca cc cng vic pha di. Bn lu { nu nh cng vic tm tt (summary task) ca bn cha c thi gian c th th Microsoft Project s da vo thi gian ca cc cng vic con (subtask) di n.
Ngoi ra bn c th to mt cng vic tm tt mi nh du giai on. Bn thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Chn mt cng vic con, trn tab Task, ti nhm Insert, click Summary.
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2. Microsoft Project s to mt cng vic mi pha trn cng vic m bn chn. Bn nhp tn cho cng vic. 3. Chn cc cng vic ng vai tr cng vic con bn di. Trn tab Task, ti nhm Schedule, click vo biu tng Indent Task.
VI.
Hu ht cc d n yu cu cng vic phi c thc hin theo mt trnh t nht nh. Vi d, cng vic vit mt chng ca cun sch phi hon thnh trc cc cng vic chnh sa trong chng. Nhng cng vic ny c mt quan h kt thc bt u (hay cn gi l c tnh ph thuc): Cng vic th 2 phi xy ra sau khi cng vic u tin c thc hin. y l mt trnh t. Cng vic th 2 ch c th xy ra nu nhim v u tin hon thnh. y l tnh ph thuc.
Trong Microsoft Project, cng vic u tin c g l cng vic tin nhim (thut ng predecssor) v n l cng vic i u tin v ko theo sau l cc cng vic ph thuc vo n. Cng vic th 2 c gi l cng vic k nhim (thut ng successor) v hon thnh hoc sau nhim v m n ph thuc.
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ngha Ngy kt thc ca mt cng vic tin nhim xc nh cho cng vic k tip.
V d Cng vic vit mt chng ca cun sch phi c hon thnh trc khi thc hin cng vic tip theo l chnh sa n. t giy v c s in lin quan cht ch vi nhau v n ng thi xy ra Cc cng vic yu cu phi c thit b phi kt thc khi thi hn thu cc thit b cng kt thc Ngy bt u in cun sch cng l ngy nh du cc cng vic v bin tp kt thc
Start-to-start
Finish-to-finish (FF)
Start-to-finish (SF)
Ngy bt u ca cng vic tin nhim s xc nh ngy bt u ca cng vic k tip Ngy kt thc ca cng vic tin nhim xc nh ngy kt thc cho cng vic k tip Ngy bt u ca cng vic tin nhim s xc nh ngy kt thc ca nhim v k tip
Mi quan h ca cc cng vic trong Microsoft Project 2010 hin th bng nhiu cch: Trn biu Gantt v s Network Diagram, cc ng kt ni th hin mi quan h. Ti bng, chng hn bng Entry, cc s ID ca cng vic tin nhim hin th trn ct Predecessor.
Bn c th to mi quan h cho cc cng vit bng cc to lin kt gia cc cng vic. lm iu ny, bn thc hin cc bc sau 1. Trc tin, bn s to s quan h Finish-to-start gia 2 cng vic. Chn 2 cng vic m bn mun thit lp quan h ny. 2. Trn tab Task, ti nhm Schedule, click biu tng Link Tasks.
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3. Lc ny 2 cng vic m bn chn lin kt theo kiu Finish-to-start. Ch rng nu bn cha thit lp thi gian bt u v kt thc cho cng vic nhng nu bn cung thng tin v mt cng vic th Microsoft Project 2010 s tnh thi gian cho bn. Bn cnh , biu tng lin kt s hin th.
4. Bn c th thit lp quan h bng cch khc. Click vo mt cng vic, trn tab Task, ti nhm Properties, click Information.
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5. Hp thoi Task Information hin th, ti tab Predecessor, click vo ct Task Name bn s thy mt lot cc cng vic hin th. Chn mt cng vic chng hn Thit k v chun b tip th
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7. Trong giao din biu Gantt, tr chut vo giai on 1 v ko n giai on 2 thit lp kin kt gia 2 giai on.
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By gi bn c th thit lp thi lng hon chnh cho cc cng vic. Ch rng khi bn thit lp li thi lng cho cng vic s khin cho biu Gantt thay i, tuy nhin n khng nh hng n lch trnh ca cc cng vic. Bn cnh , bn c th thit lp cng vic t ng xp li thi gian. 8. Trn tab Task, ti nhm Schedule v click biu tng Respect Links
9. Microsoft Project 2010 s t thit lp li cng vic ca bn theo mi quan h ca cng vic tin nhim.
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Khi bn chn cc cng vic v thit lp chc nng Auto Schedule, biu tng ti ct Task Mode s thay i.
Bn c th thit lp mc nh cho cc phng php, mi khi khi to mt cng vic mi th chc nng ca n s theo cc thit lp . Trn tab Task, ti nhm Tasks, click Mode v chn kiu phng php thit lp.
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24 Hours: khng c thi gian ngh. Night Shift: c tnh bt u t m th 2 cho n sng th 7, t 23h m n 8h sng v mi ngy ngh 1h. Standard: chun truyn thng, bt u t th 2 n th 6, t 8h sng n 17h chiu v mi ngy ngh 1h. 3. Ti ct Name trn tab Exceptions, nhp tn ca mt s kin ngoi l no , ti ct Start v Finish nhp thi gian bt u v kt thc.
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4. Click OK xc nhn. ng hp thoi Change Working Time. xc nhn li lch d n, ch vo thi gian m bn thit lp chuyn sang mu sc th hin ngy khng lm vic. Cng vic s tip tc c thc hin sau khi kt thc ngy ny.
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IX.
Phn ny hng dn bn cch xem tng th thi lng cng nh thi gian ca d n. Bn khng nhp thng tin tng thi lng ca d n hoc ngy kt thc nhng Microsoft Project 2010 c th tnh ton nhng gi tr ny da trn thi lng cng vic cng nh mi quan h, tnh ph thuc ca cc cng vic. Mt cch gip bn c th d dng xem thi gian bt u v kt thc ca d n thng qua Timeline v hp thoi Project Information. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s thy tng thi lng hin ti v ngy kt thc lch trnh ca d n da trn thi lng cc cng vic v mi quan h ca chng m bn nhp vo. Ti Timeline bn trn biu Gantt, ch thi gian bt u v kt thc.
Nu ch xem Timeline khng hin th, bn c th vo tab View, trong nhm Spilit View, nh du chn Timeline Bn cnh , bn c th xem thi lng ca d n bng cch khc: 1. Trn tab Project, ti nhm Properties, click Project Information.
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2. Ti hp thoi Project Information bn c th xem ngy bt u ti mc Start date hoc c th xem thng tin ti bng cch click Statistics.
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X.
Bn c th to cc ghi ch cho cng vic vi cc thng tin cn thit. V d bn c th m t chi tit v cng vic v vn mun gi tn cng vic mt cch ngn gn. C 3 loi ghi ch: ghi ch cng vic, ghi ch ngun lc v ghi ch phn cng. Bn c th nhp v xem li cc ghi ch cng vic ti hp thoi Task Information. Chc nng ghi ch trong Microsoft Project 2010 h tr rng ri cc ty chn thm ch bn c th lin kt hoc lu tr mt hnh nh ha hoc cc loi tp tin khc trong ghi ch. Cc siu lin kt (Hyperlink) cho php bn kt ni n mt cng vic c th thm cc thng tin bn ngoi vo d n chng hn mt tp tin khc, mt trang web. bt u nhp cc ghi ch cng vic v lin kt n cc ti liu thng tin quan trng v mt s cng vic, bn thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Chn mt cng vic. 2. Trn tab Task, ti nhm Properties, click Task Notes.
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4. Click OK. Biu tng ghi ch s hin th ti cng vic m bn va to ghi ch.
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6. Ti hp thoi Insert Hyperlink, nhp dng ch cn hin th. 7. Ti Address, nhp a ch bn mun cng vic lin kt n.
8. Click OK. Lc ny, bn cnh cng vic s hin th biu tng siu lin kt (Hyperlink).
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10. Ti Subject, nhp tn d n chng hn Chin dch ra mt cun sch mi 11. Ti Author bn c th nhp tn ngi qun l d n hoc ngi thit lp d n ny trn Microsoft Project 2010. 12. Ti Company nhp tn ca cng ty, t chc ang thc hin d n.
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Microsoft Project 2010 h tr 3 loi ngun lc. Gm cc ngun lc sau: Ngun lc cng vic: gm con ngi v cc thit b lm vic hon thnh cc cng vic trong d n. Ngun chi ph i din cho chi ph ti chnh lin quan n cc cng vic. V d nh chi ph gii tr, du lch, thit b . Ngun nguyn liu l ngun m bn s dng trong sut tin trnh ca d n. V d vi mt d n xy dng bn cn phi theo di st thp hoc b tng c s dng trong sut d n.
Trong chng ny bn s c thit lp cho ngun cng vic v chi ph. Vi ngun ti nguyn bn s c hng dn nhng chng sau. Qun l ngun lc hiu qu l mt trong nhng u im ca Microsoft Project 2010. Vic thit lp thng tin ngun lc trong d n rt quan trng, gip bn c th kim sot v theo di chi ph ti chnh, con ngi trong d n. 1.
Ngun lc cng vic l con ngi v cc thit b phc v cho cc cng vic ca d n. Microsoft Project tp trung vo 2 kha cnh ca ngun lc cng vic: tnh sn sng v chi ph. Tnh sn sng c xc nh khi cc ngun lc c th lm trn nhng cng vic c a ra trong d n v c bao nhiu cng vic m ngun lc ny c th lm c, chi ph cn thit cho ngun lc cng vic l bao nhiu?
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Mt s v d v ngun lc cng vic ny: Ngun lc cng vic Tn ring V d Nguyn Thun, Phm Thanh Tng, Lng Trung Thnh Tn chc v Bin tp vin, Tc gi, Chuyn gia Cc k nng (khi thit lp ngun lc, bn c th Bin tp cc bn tho, nhn vin nh my khng cn phi quan tm n tn ring, chc v, ch cn quan tm n cc k nng) Thit b My in, my ct giy . Trong mt d n, khi bn thit lp ngun lc cho con ngi v thit b bn cn ch { n cc vn v lm vic. V d mt ngi c th lm vic khong 8 gi/ngy v khng qu 12h/ngy nhng cc thit b c th s gp s c chng hn bo tr v s gin on cng vic. Bn cnh , con ngi linh hot hn cng vic v h iu khin cc thit b. Bn khng cn phi theo di tt c cc thit b m bn s dng trong d n nhng bn c th thit lp cho cc thit b khi: Nhiu nhm hoc ngi cn c thit b chuyn bit lm nhng cng vic khc nhau cng mt lc. Bn mun lp k hoch v theo di chi ph lin quan n thit b.
Hy xem xt nhng vn ny nu d n ca bn lin quan n ngun thit b. Microsoft Project c th gip bn a ra cc quyt nh thng minh hn v vic qun l ngun lc cng vic ny. Bn cnh , Microsoft Project gip bn gim st cc chi ph v ti chnh. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s nhp tn ca tng ngi lm vic trong d n. 1. Trn tab View, ti nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
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2.
Ct Max trn bng ngun lc i din cho ngun nng sut thc hin cc cng vic. Mc nh l 100% nng sut ngha l lm vic 100% thi gian.
i vi ngun lc m bn thit lp theo kiu k nng, bn c th thit lp gi tr cao hn, chng hn 800%. iu ny c ngha bn mong mun 8 ngi c k nng s lm vic ti a 100%. 1. Chn i tng cn thit lp nng sut. 2. Nhp gi tr (n v %) vo cc thuc ct Max.
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Nu bn mun nhp n v bng cch s thp phn (0.5, 1, 4) thay v s dng n v % (50%, 100%, 400%) bn c th click Option ti tab File. Trn hp thoi Project Option ti mc Show assignment units as a chn Decimal.
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3.
Hu ht tt c cc d n u c lin quan n ti chnh v chi ph gii hn cho d n. Vic theo di v qun l cc thng tin v chi ph cho php nhng ngi qun l d n c th tr li c cu hi quan trng sau: Tng chi ph d kin da trn cc cng vic v ngun lc trong d n ca chng ta l bao nhiu? C phi tin m chng ta b ra bng ng s tin chng ta a ra trong bn k hoch ca d n ? C phi chng ta s dng ngun lc t tin s lm c nhiu th hn so vi ngun lc r hn?
Bn c th nhp mc chi ph trung bnh cho mt ngun lc no . V d cc bin tp vin s nhn c 50$/gi i vi cng vic bin tp. Microsoft Project 2010 c th x l cc chi ph ngoi gi pht sinh khc, n s p dng mc lng ngoi gi khi bn thit lp cho mt ai lm thm gi. phn ny, bn s thit lp mt lch trnh lm vic 10 gi mi ngy v mt tun l vic trong 4 ngy. Nh vy so vi thi gian lm vic thng thng l 1 ngy 8 gi v lm 5 ngy trong mt tun. Thm vo , ngoi vic thit lp mc chi ph trung bnh cn mt loi chi ph cn bn. y l chi ph khng thay i cho d bn c thit lp thm thi gian lm vic l hn 8 gi. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s nhp mc chi ph trung bnh v chi ph pht sinh nu thi gian ngoi gi lm vic. 1. Click View, ti nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
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2. Trn tab Resource, ti ct Std. Rate ca mt ngun lc. 3. Nhp chi ph, chng hn 42$ cho mt gi. Mc nh chi ph trung bnh tnh theo n v gi. 4. Bn c th thay i n v thi gian thnh tun, thng theo ch vit tt. Chng hn chi ph 1100$ cho mt tun lm vic.
5. thit lp chi ph khi lm ngoi gi, bn c th thao tc ti ct Ovt. Rate. Ct ny th hin mc chi ph ngoi gi.
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4.
Microsoft Project 2010 s dng cc loi lch cho cc mc ch khc nhau. chng 2 bn c to danh sch cc cng vic v thay i lch trnh xc nh nhng ngy lm vic v khng lm vic trong d n i vi cc cng vic. phn ny, bn s tp trung nhiu hn vi lch trong Microsoft Project 2010 kim sot ngy lm vic v khng lm vic trn tng ngun lc c th. Vi lch, bn ch c th p dng vi ngun lc cng vic (con ngi v thit b) ch khng th p dng c vi ngun chi ph v nguyn liu. Khi bn bt u khi to cc ngun lc cho d n, Microsoft Project 2010 s to mt lch lm vic cho mi ngun lc. Lch c bn xc nh mt ngy lm vic bt u t 8 gi sng v kt thc vo lc 17 gi chiu, mt tun lm vic bt u t th Hai n th Sy v mi ngy c 1 gi ng h n tra v ngh ngi. Nu tt c thi gian lm vic ca ngun lc khp vi lch c bn th bn khng cn phi chnh sa thi gian. Tuy nhin, s c mt s thay i khi c thi gian lm vic ngoi gi hoc mt s trng hp ngoi l (chng hn ngy l hoc mt s thi gian khc khng c trn cc ngun lc nh o to, tham d hi ngh) phn ny, bn s thit lp thi gian lm vic v khng lm vic cho tng ngun lc cng vic c th. 1. Trn tab Project, ti nhm Properties, click vo Change Working Time.
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4.
Ti tab Exceptions trn hp thoi Change Working Time, click vo mt bn di ct Name v nhp mt s kin no i vi ngun lc chn.
5. Ti For calendar, chn mt ngun lc khc. Lc ny Microsoft Project 2010 s hin th hp thoi hi bn c lu thay i i vi ngun lc va mi thit lp. Click Yes xc nhn thay i. 6. Click Work Weeks trn hp thoi Change Working Time.
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7. Click [Defaullt] bn di ct Name, sau click Details. 8. Ti hp thoi Details for [Default] chn cc ngy t th Hai n th Nm ti Select day(s). (Bn c th gi phm Ctrl v click vo cc ngy chn)
9. nh du chn vo Set day(s) to these specific working times. 10. Thay i thi gian t 5:00 PM thnh 7:00 PM v nhn Enter.
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11. Click vo Friday. nh du chn vo Set days to nonworking time thit lp ngy th
12. Click OK ng hp thoi Details. Sau khi thay i bn c th thy thi gian lm vic hin ti gm 5 ngy/tun v 10 gi mi ngy cho i tng m bn thit lp.
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5.
Mt trong nhng loi ngun lc trong Microsoft Project 2010 l ngun chi ph. Bn c th s dng ngun chi ph i din cho chi ph ti chnh lin kt vi mt cng vic no trong d n. Trong khi ngun lc cng vic (con ngi v thit b) c thit lp v chi ph theo n v thi gian th mc ch duy nht ca ngun chi ph l thit lp cc loi chi ph cho mt hoc nhiu cng vic. Thng thng th cc loi ngun chi ph c th bao gm danh mc cc khon chi ph m bn mun theo di mt d n vi mc ch bo co ti chnh, chng hn du lch, gii tr hoc o to. Ngun chi ph khng lm vic cng nh khng nh hng n lch trnh cng vic. Trong Resource Sheet th cc ct Max, Over. Rate v Cost/Use khng th p dng cho ngun chi ph. Sau khi tht lp mt ngun chi ph cho mi cng vic, bn c th tnh c chi ph tch ly, chng hn tng chi ph i li trong mt d n. Khi bn thit lp mt ngun lc cng vic i vi mt cng vic no , ngun lc cng vic c th to ra mt chi ph da trn gi tr trung bnh (40$ mi gi) m bn thit lp. Bn c th nhp gi tr chi ph ca mt ngun chi ph ch khi bn thit lp n cho mt cng vic no . 1. Trn tab View, ti nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
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2. Ti ct Resource Name, nhp thm mt tn mi. 3. Ti ct Type, chn ngun chi ph l Cost
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6.
chng 2 bn to mt s thng tin ghi ch cho cng vic. Ti phn ny bn s to ghi ch cho cc ngun lc cng vic lu li nhng im ch , gip bn hiu qu hn trong d n. 1. Trn tab View, ti nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
2. Ti tab Resource, trn ct Resource Name, click chn vo mt i tng. 3. Ti nhm Properties, click Details. Microsoft Project 2010 s hin th bng Resource Form.
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Bn c th xem bng Resource Form bng cch nh du chn Details ti nhm Split View trn tab View. 4. Click vo bt k ch no trn Resource Form. 5. Trn Ribbon, click tab Format.
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8. Click Next chuyn n i tng k tip. Khi bn click Next th i tng m bn va to ghi ch s c xc nhn hon tt. Khi bn to xong ghi ch v click Next, biu tng ghi ch s hin th bn cnh i tng.
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9. Trn tab Resource, ti nhm Properties, click Details. Bng Resource Form s c ng li
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Trong chng 2 v 3, bn to cc cng vic v ngun lc. Ti chng ny, bn s phn cng cc cng vic n ngun nhn lc.
I.
thc hin vic phn cng vic cho ngun nhn lc, thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Trn tab Project, ti nhm Properties, click Project Information
2. v click Statistics.
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Ch thi lng hin ti l 24 ngy v chi ph bng khng. Sau khi bn thc hin vic thit lp c th kim tra li s thay i gi tr. 3. Click Close. 4. Trn tab Resource, ti nhm Assgnments, click Assign Resources.
7.
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5. Ti ct Task Name, click chn mt cng vic. 6. Ti ct Resource Name trn hp thoi Assign Resource, click vo mt i tng ngun lc, sau click Assign.
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Khi bn thit lp cng vic cho mt i tng ngun lc, Microsoft Project 2010 s t ng tnh ton chi ph da theo chi ph trung bnh v thi gian thc hin. V d mt nhn vin c lng trung bnh l 2000$ khi lm vic mt tun (5 ngy/ tun) v nhn vin thc hin mt cng vic c thi lng 2 ngy th Microsoft Project 2010 s t ng tnh ra c chi ph phi tr cho nhn vin l 800$. 7. Tng t vi cc i tng ngun lc khc, bn s thit lp cng vic cho tng i tng. Ti biu Gantt bn s thy tn i tng ngun lc.
8.
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9.
Nu bn mun thit lp cng vic cho nhiu hn mt i tng, bn c th click Resource Names theo cng vic tng ng v chn i tng.
II.
Nh bn thy trc , bn xc nh s lng cng vic v lin kt n vi i tng ngun lc. Khi bn s dng chc nng t ng thit lp thi gian cho cng vic, Microsoft Project cung cp cho bn mt ty chn kim sot v chi ph, thi lng khi bn mun thm mt i tng ngun lc khc vo cng vic. Ty chn ny c gi l effort-driven. Bn c nhiu s linh hot khi p dng ty chn effort-driven. Bn c th bt ty chn ny cho ton b d n hoc cng vic ca bn.
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bi thc hnh ny, bn s thm mt i tng vo v xem cch tnh ton ca Microsoft Project 2010. 1. Click chn mt cng vic c lin kt n mt i tng ngun lc. Trn tab Resource, ti nhm Assignments, click Assign Resources.
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4. Ti y cho php bn thit lp li thi lng khi bn lin kt thm mt i tng vo. Microsoft Project s tnh ton da trn nng sut lm vic ca i tng v thi lng hon thnh cng vic. 5. Nu bn mun g b i tng ra v mt l do no , chng hn mt nhn vin ngh chm sc con trong mt ngy. Click Assign Resources, chn tn i tng cn g b v click Remove.
6. Click li biu tng Action. nh du chn vo Increase duration so the task ends later but requires the same total work (person-hours). Khi bn nh du chn vo y Microsoft Project s t ng tng thi lng lm vic ln. V d nu mt 2 nhn vin
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cng lm mt cng vic trong 2 tun s hon thnh th khi bn g b 1 nhn vin th thi lng s tng ln 4 tun nu bn nh du chn vo la chn .
7.
8.
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Khi bn nh du chn vo Effort driven th thi lng, gi tr thi gian ca cng vic vn khng c s thay i. By gi bn s lin kt thm mt i tng ca ngun lc vo cng vic c chn Effort driven. 9. Ti tab Resource, click Assign Resources trn nhm Assignments.
10. Chn i tng v click Assign. 11. Lc ny bn s thy c s thay i v thi lng lm vic cng nh ca ton d n.
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Mc nh, ty chn effort-driven b v hiu ha cho tt c cc cng vic m bn to trn Microsoft Project. thay i s mc nh ny, bn c th thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Ti tab File, click Options.
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2. Ti hp thoi Project Options, click tab Schedule. 3. nh du chn vo New tasks are effort driven.
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III.
chng 3 bn c s dng ngun chi ph i din cho vn chi ph ti chnh cho mt cng vic no trong d n. Tuy nhin ngun chi ph ny vn cha c hiu lc v khng nh hng g n thi gian cng vic. Ngun chi ph c th gm cc loi chi ph m bn mun lm ngn sch v theo di vi mc ch bo co ti chnh. Ni chung, cc chi ph dnh cho cng vic c th phi tr gm: Lng cho nhn vin tnh theo chi ph trung bnh trn mt n v thi gian v thi gian h hon thnh ht cng vic (v d mt nhn vin lm 1.500$/tun th chi ph m bn phi tr cho h hon thnh mt cng vic trong 2 tun l 3.000$) Chi ph cho nguyn liu, cc chi ph pht sinh nh i li, chi ph hi ngh.
phn ny, bn s lin kt ngun lc cng vic v ngun chi ph ca cng vic kim tra ton b thi lng v chi ph. 1. Click vo mt cng vic.
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4. Ti hp thoi Assign Resources, ti ct Cost, bn s thit lp chi ph khc, c th y l chi ph i li m bn to trong chng 3. Nhp chi ph.
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5. Click Assign.
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8. Bn s thy thng tin v chi ph ca d n ti ct Cost, thi lng ca d n ti ct Duration v thi gian lm vic ti ct Work. Nu bn tng nng sut lm vic cng nh thit lp nhiu i tng cng lm mt cng vic th chi ph s tng nhng thi gian hon thnh d n s c rt ngn.
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Trong chng ny, bn s dng mt s tnh nng nh dng trong Microsoft Project 2010 n cch thay i cc d liu hin th, sau sao chp v in ra.
I.
Biu Gantt tr thnh mt chun biu ca cc d n vo nhng u nm th k 20 do k s ngi M tn Henry Gantt pht trin. i vi nhiu ngi, mt biu Gantt c xem nh mt k hoch ca d n. Trong Microsoft Project, giao din mc nh khi bn m chng trnh l ch xem biu Gantt. Biu Gantt gm 2 phn: mt bng nm bn tri v thanh biu nm bn phi. Thanh biu gm cc khong thi gian bn trn v biu th n v thi gian. Bn cnh , v tr ny th hin thi gian bt u v kt thc, thi lng, trng thi cng vic. Mc nh, Microsoft Project 2010 hin th Timeline v biu Gantt khi bn m chng trnh. Tuy nhin bn c th thay i thit lp ny hin th theo ca bn.
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2.
Ti hp thoi Project Options, click General. Trn Default View, chn ch xem bn mun.
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Biu Gantt
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Trong phn ny, bn s thc hin vic thay i cc ch xem trong biu Gantt. 1. Ti tab Format trn thanh Ribbon, trn nhm Show/Hide, click Project Summary Task.
3. Ti ct Task Name, click vo mt cng vic. 4. Trn tab Format, ti nhm Gantt Chart Style, click More hin th bng nh dng mu sc.
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Bng mu chia thnh 2 nhm: Phn bit mu sc gia cc cng vic theo phng php thit lp thi gian th cng (Manual) v thit lp t ng (Auto). Khng phn bit. 5. Ti Presentation Style, chn mt mu v xem s thay i.
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6. Ti ct Task Name, click chut phi vo mt ct mc m bn thit lp trc . 7. Click vo biu tng Backgroud Color.
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10. Ti tab Format, trn nhm Bar Style, click Format, sau click Bar.
11. Ti hp thoi Format Bar, di Start, click vo danh sch Shape. Microsoft Project s hin th cc biu tng m bn s dng thanh biu Gantt. Trong trng hp ny l biu tng ct mc.
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II.
Ch xem Timeline gip bn c th xem c thi gian tng th ca d n gm ngy bt u, ngy kt thc, thi gian hin ti.
phn ny, bn s ty chnh ch xem Timeline. 1. Click vo vng Timeline. 2. Ti tab Format, trn nhm Insert, click Existing Tasks. Microsoft Project s hin th mt hp thoi.
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3. nh du chn vo cc cng vic bn mun hin th trn Timeline, sau click OK.
4. Bn c th chuyn ni dung cng vic ln pha trn thanh Timeline bng cch click Display as Callout ti nhm Current Selection.
5. a mt cng vic ln thanh Timeline, chn cng vic cn a. 6. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Properties, click Add to Timeline
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III.
Microsoft Project c mt cng c Drawing cho php bn c th v ln biu Gantt. V d nu bn mun to ghi ch cho s kin hoc thm mt thnh phn, bn c th v ln biu Gantt. Bn cnh , bn c th lin kt nhng i tng v n mt ngy c th no . Bi thc hnh ny, bn s thm i tng TextBox 1. Ti tab Format, trn nhm Drawing, click Drawing. 2. Click chn Text Box.
3.
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4.
thay i nh dng cho Text Box ny, bn c th click double vo Text Box. Hp thoi Format Drawing hin th, ti y bn c th chnh mu sc Text Box ti tab Line & Fill.
Ti Line, bn c th thit lp ng vin. None: khng s dng ng vin. Custom: thit lp ng vin
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Chn mu bn di Color.
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8.
9.
Ti Fill, bn c th thit lp phng nn. None: khng s dng phng nn Custom: thit lp phng nn. Di Color, chn mu cho phng nn.
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10.
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11.
12.
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13.
Nu bn mun hp ghi ch Text Box hin th ti mt cng vic no , nh du vo Attach to task v chn ID.
Bn cnh , bn c thit lp kch thc cho hp Text Box theo n v in. 14. Click OK hon tt thit lp v ng hp thoi Format Drawing.
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IV.
Bn thng xuyn cn phi chia s chi tit bn k hoch d n vi cc ng nghip, nhng ngi lm nhng khng c Microsoft Project hoc nhng ngi thch xem mt hnh nh tin . Thm vo , bn cn phi gi mt s bng bo co n gim c hoc nhng ngi khc. Microsoft Project cung cp cho bn cc tnh nng nh bo co, sao chp v dn vo ni dung email, ti liu, bi thuyt trnh 1. Ti ct Task Name, click vo cc cng vic bn mun sao chp. 2. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Clipboard, click Copy v chn Copy Picture.
3. Ti hp thoi Copy Picture, bn c th ty chnh vic sao chp trong Microsoft Project. Render image: chn phn gii cho mn hnh (For screen), in (For printer) v xut ra nh dng GIF (To GIF image file) Copy: chn tt c cc hng trn mn hnh (Row on screen) hoc ch cc hng c chn (Selected rows). Timescale: thit lp khong thi gian hin th. 4. Click OK sau khi la chn.
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Ngoi ra, bn c th sao chp biu Timeline gi qua e-mail, dn ln bi thuyt trnh PowerPoint hoc xem ch ton mn hnh. lm iu ny, thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Nu bn cha bt ch xem Timeline c th vo tab View, trn Split View v nh du chn Timeline.
2. Click vo vng Timeline, sau click tab Format trn thanh Ribbon. Ti nhm Copy click Copy Timeline.
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3. M chng trnh Mail, chng hn Microsoft Outlook 2010. Nhn t hp phm Ctrl + V vo vng trng trn ni dung mail dn bn sao chp timeline.
V.
Xem ch in
Chc nng in cho php bn c th in ra nhng hnh nh trn mn hnh ca bn. i vi mt d n nhiu cng vic bn cn phi c mt s kh giy in ton b d n. V d mt biu Gantt th hin 6 thng trong d n vi cng vic ln n 100 hoc c th hn cn c 12 hoc nhiu hn cc trang giy tin. Trn thc t, i vi cc d n ln th dung lng kh nng nn cn phi s dng cc poster in. Cho d bn c s dng my in hay my v bn cng cn xem li ton b trc khi in. 1. Click tab File, sau click Print.
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4. Click Print Specific Dates. Mc nh l 2 ngy hin th l ngy bt u v kt thc d n theo k hoch. Nu bn mun in theo ngy c th c th chn ti Dates.
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Bn cnh vic xem cc ch , bn cn c th thit lp cc kh giy cho vic in. 1. Click Page Setup. Hp thoi Page Setup hin th.
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VI.
Chnh sa v in bn bo co
Chc nng Report trong Microsoft Project cho php bn bo co v in ra cc d liu trong chng trnh. Khng ging nh cc ch xem m bn c th in hoc lm vic trn mn hnh, cc bn bo co c thit k ch ring trong vic in hoc xem ti ca s Print Preview. Bn khng th nhp d liu trc tip vo bo co. Microsoft Project c th vin a dng v bo co. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s xem cc bn bo co trn ca s Print Preview v chnh sa cc nh dng. 1. Ti tab Project, trn nhm Reports, click Reports.
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3. Click Overview v chn Select. 4. Ti hp thoi Overview Reports, click Project Summary sau click Select.
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6. Bn c th xem thm bn bo co khc chng hn bo co ngun lc cng vic. Click Reports ti nhm Reports trn tab Project.
8. Ti hp thoi Assignment Reports, chn mu Who Does What When xem i tng ngun lc lm cng vic no v thi gian v click Select.
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9. Ti ca s Print Preview s hin th tng t cc bn bo co bn xem trn. Bn c th thay i tiu ca bn bo co, thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Click Page Setup. Hp thoi Page Setup hin th, click tab Header. 2. Bn c th chnh tiu da vo thng tin ca tp tin Project.
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Cho n by gi, bn tp trung vo k hoch ca d n pht trin cc k hoch ny mt cch chi tit trc khi bt u cng vic thc t. Khi cng vic bt u, bn cn theo di tin . Theo di c ngha l ghi li chi tit nhng ngi lm nhng cng vic g, thi gian cng vic hon thnh v chi ph ti thi im l bao nhiu Ngi qun l d n phi bit lm th no cc nhm c th tin hnh tt cng vic. Thc hin v theo di d n, sau so snh vi bn k hoch bn thit lp trc s gip bn tr li mt s cu hi sau: C phi tt c cc cng vic u bt u v kt thc ng nh k hoch? Nu khng, iu g tc ng ln s hon thnh cng vic? C phi ngun lc b ra nhiu hoc t hn thi gian th s nh hng n s hon thnh cng vic nh k hoch? C phi chi ph ca cng vic cao hn d kin s khin tng chi ph d n tng theo?
Microsoft Project 2010 h tr mt phng php theo di tin . S la chn phng php theo di ca bn ph thuc vo mc chi tit hoc yu cu kim sot ca bn, nh ti tr d n v cc bn lin khc. Trc khi bn bt u theo di di tin , bn nn xc nh mc chi tit m bn cn. Cc mc theo di chi tit gm : Ghi li cng vic nh d kin. Mc ny l s la chn tt nht nu tt c mi th trong d n din ra theo ng k hoch. Ghi li t l phn trm mi khi hon thnh hoc gi tr c th theo tin chng hn nh 25%, 50%, 75% v 100%. Ghi li cc cng vic trn thc t cng ngy bt u v kt thc, cc thi lng cn li sau mi cng vic.
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Theo di cc cp phn cng cng vic theo cc khong thi gian. y l mc chi tit nht.
I.
ng c s ca d n
Sau khi ln k hoch cho d n, mt trong nhng cng vic quan trng m mt ngi qun l d n cn phi lm l ghi li thc t cng vic v nh gi s hiu qu. nh gi hiu sut ca d n ng cch, bn cn phi so snh vi k hoch ban u. so snh trc tin bn cn to mt ng c s, n s thu thp cc gi tr quan trng trong k hoch chng hn ngy bt u, ngy kt thc, chi ph ca cng vic, ngun lc v phn cng cng vic. Khi bn c ng c s cho k hoch, Microsoft Project s lu li n v so snh vi nhng g thc t ang din ra trong d n. Trong Microsoft Project, ng c s c thut ng l baseline. Bn nn s dng ng c s khi Bn ln k hoch y cho mt d n (Tuy nhin iu ny khng c ngha l bn khng th thm cc cng vic, ngun lc sau khi cng vic bt u) Bn vn cha bt u nhp cc gi tr thc t, chng hn t l phn trm khi hon thnh.
Microsoft Project khng ch h tr 1 m ln n 11 ng c s trong mt k hoch duy nht. 1. Trn tab Project, ti nhm Schedule, click Set Baseline, sau click Set Baseline.
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3. Click OK. Microsoft Project lu li ng c s ca bn. 4. Trn tab View, ti nhm Task Views, click Other Views, sau click Task Sheet.
5. Microsoft Project s hin th bng cng vic gm thi lng, thng tin ngy bt u, kt thc cng i tng ngun lc thc hin cng vic
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7. Click Variance. 8. Microsoft s sp xp li cc thng tin gm thng tin ng c s c ghi li vo ngy bt u, ngy kt thc. Tin ca cng vic th hin qua ct Start Var v ct Finish Var. Theo hnh di, cc cng vic hin vn cha c tin hnh.
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9. Trn tab View, ti nhm Task Views, click Gantt Chart quay li biu Gantt.
II.
Phng php n gin nht theo di tin l bo co cc cng vic thc t ang c tin hnh chnh xc nh k hoch. V d, nu thng u tin ca mt d n 5 thng tri qua v tt c cc cng vic bt u v kt thc ng theo k hoch, bn c th ghi li tin ny mt cch nhanh chng. Khi bn ghi li tin thng qua mt ngy c th, Microsoft Project s tnh ton thi lng thc t, thi lng cn li, chi ph thc v nhng gi tr khc cho n ngy bn nhp vo. 1. Ti tab Project, trn nhm Status, click Update Project.
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3. Click OK.
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Sau khi bn cp nht, Microsoft Project s nh du hon thnh cng vic. Ngoi ra thanh trng thi i mu gip bn c th bit c tin d n.
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III.
Sau khi cc cng vic trn k hoch i vo thc t, bn c th nhanh chng ghi li tin ca n theo t l phn trm. Khi bn nhp t l phn trm ln hn 0, Microsoft Project s thay i ngy bt u cng vic thc t khp vi ngy d kin. Sau Microsoft Project c th tnh ton thi lng thc t, thi lng cn li, chi ph thc v mt s gi tr khc da trn t l phn trm m bn nhp. V d, nu bn thit lp mt cng vic trong 4 ngy l 50%, Microsoft Project s tnh ton rng bn bt u vo cng vic thc t c 2 ngy v thi lng cn li l 2 ngy. Bn c th nhp t l phn trm theo cc cch sau: S dng cc t l mc nh 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% v 100% bng cch click vo cc nt biu tng tng ng. Nhp cc gi tr phn trm bn mun trong hp thoi Update Tasks.
bi thc hnh ny, bn s ghi li tin cng vic thng qua t l phn trm. 1. Ti ct Task Name, click chn vo mt cng vic. 2. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Schedule, click 100% Complete.
Khi bn click vo cc t l phn trm, Microsoft Project s t ng tnh ton v lm thanh trng thi.
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IV.
Bn c th ghi li cc gi tr thc t v ngy bt u, kt thc v thi lng ca cng vic. Khi bn nhp cc gi tr ny, Microsoft Project s dng cc nguyn tc sau: Khi bn nhp ngy thc t bt u, Microsoft Project s di ngy bt u trong k hoch theo ngy bn nhp. Khi bn nhp ngy thc t kt thc, Microsoft Project s di ngy kt thc trong k hoch theo ngy bn nhp v thit lp trng thi hon tt cng vic l 100%. Khi bn nhp vo gi tr cng vic thc t, Microsoft Project s tnh ton li cc cng vic cn li cng nh gi tr ca n. Khi bn nhp thi lng thc t, nu n t hn so vi thi lng d kin trong k hoch, Microsoft Project s tnh ton li thi lng cn li. Khi bn nhp thi lng thc t ca cng vic, nu n bng vi thi lng d kin trong k hoch, Microsoft Project s thit lp trng thi hon thnh l 100%. Khi bn nhp thi lng thc t ca cng vic, nu n ln hn thi lng d kin trong k hoch, Microsoft Project s iu chnh li thi lng d kin ph hp vi thi lng thc t v thit lp trng thi hon thnh l 100%.
bi thc hnh ny, bn s nhp thi lng cng vic. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Tables, sau click Work.
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4. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Schedule, click Mark on Track v chn Update Tasks.
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5. Hp thoi Upate Tasks hin th, ti y bn c th xem c thi lng cng vic thc t lm v thi lng cn li l bao nhiu. thay i thi gian bt u cng vic, bn chn ngy ti Start bn di Actual.
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Trong chng ny, bn s c s dng mt s tnh nng m rng trong Microsoft Project 2010. Nhng tnh nng ny tp trung v vic iu chnh cng vic mt cch chi tit hn.
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I.
chng 2, bn c lm quen vi cc mi quan h hay cn gi l tnh ph thuc: S quan h ca cng vic Finish-to-start (FS) ngha Ngy kt thc ca mt cng vic tin nhim xc nh cho cng vic k tip. V d Cng vic vit mt chng ca cun sch phi c hon thnh trc khi thc hin cng vic tip theo l chnh sa n. t giy v c s in lin quan cht ch vi nhau v n ng thi xy ra Cc cng vic yu cu phi c thit b phi kt thc khi thi hn thu cc thit b cng kt thc Ngy bt u in cun sch cng l ngy nh du cc cng vic v bin tp kt thc
Start-to-start
Finish-to-finish (FF)
Start-to-finish (SF)
Ngy bt u ca cng vic tin nhim s xc nh ngy bt u ca cng vic k tip Ngy kt thc ca cng vic tin nhim xc nh ngy kt thc cho cng vic k tip Ngy bt u ca cng vic tin nhim s xc nh ngy kt thc ca nhim v k tip
Khi bn to cc cng vic v lin kt chng bng chc nng Link Tasks trn tab Task, cc cng vic ny s c thit lp mi quan h finish-to-start. Tuy nhin khng phi lc no cc cng vic trong d n ca bn cng l mi quan h ny, bn cn thay i mi quan h khc. Sau y l mt s v d: Bn c th bt u thit lp cc trang v a hnh minh ha trn mt cun sch (s dng mi quan h start-to-start). iu ny gip bn gim tng thi gian cn thit hon thnh khi 2 cng vic c lm song song. K hoch bin tp cho cun sch c th bt u trc khi hon thnh bn tho cun sch th cha th hon thnh cho n khi bn tho c hon thnh. Bn mun thit lp cho 2 cng vic ny song song cng mt lc (mi quan h finish-to-finish).
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Sau khi bn thit lp cc mi quan h, bn c th iu chnh li thi gian bng cch ln (c gi l lead time) hoc thi gian tr (c gi l lag time) gia ngy kt thc v ngy bt u ca cng vic tin nhim v cng vic k nhim. Lead time: bn c th thit lp mt cng vic k nhim bt u c tin hnh trc khi kt thc cng vic tin nhim th thi gian trc c gi l lead time. Lag time: v d bn cn phi thm mt ngy cho cc bn tho c vn chuyn n tc gi. Bn khng mun thm 1 ngy vo cng vic v bn cha thit lp cng vic vn chuyn . Thay v to mt cng vic mi, bn c th nhp mt khon thi gian chm tr gia 2 cng vic. Khon thi gian gi l lag time.
Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s nhp khong thi gian v thay i mi quan h gia cc cng vic. 1. Trn tab Task, ti nhm Tasks, click Inspect.
2. Khung Task Inspector hin th. Khung ny hin th cc mi quan h ca mt cng vic m bn click chn gm c cng vic tin nhim, thi gian bt u, thi gian kt thc, lag time hoc lead time nu c.
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5. Click tab Predecessors. 6. Ti ct Lag ca cng vic, nhp thi lng m bn mun s dng lm lag time v click OK.
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8. Click chn mt cng vic khc. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Properties, click Information v chn tab Predecssors. 9. Ti ct Lag, nhp t l phn trm, chng hn l -25%.
10. Click OK. 11. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Editing, click Scroll to Task Microsoft Project hin th n cng vic bn ang chn.
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Lc ny cng vic theo d kin li v pha sau cng vic tin nhim. Nu bn thit lp gi tr Lag time l s m th n chnh l Lead time m bn c tm hiu phn gii thiu u chng.
II.
Khi bn khi to cng vic, bn bit rng cng vic ny khng phi lc no cng sun s, c th gp gin on. Thay v phi lit k 2 cng vic cho mt s gin on th bn c th chia cc cng vic thnh hai hay nhiu phn on. Sau y l mt s l do bn chia phn on: Bn d on mt s gin on trong cng vic, v d mt nhn vin c nhim v hon thnh cng vic trong 1 tun nhng 1 ngy trong tun anh ta phi tham d mt s kin. Mt cng vic bt ng b gin on. Sau khi cng vic c tin hnh, mt i tng trong ngun lc cng vic tm ngng cng vic bi v cng vic khc cn c u tin. Sau khi cng vic u tin hon thnh, th i tng c th tip tc hon thnh cng vic trc .
bi thc hnh ny, bn s thc hin vic chia mt cng vic ra thnh nhiu phn on.
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1. Click chn mt cng vic m bn mun chia 2. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Editing, click Scroll to Task Microsoft Project n thanh trng thi ca cng vic m bn chn.
3. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Schedule, click biu tng Split Task.
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5. Di chuyn chut n thanh trng thi trn biu v click ti mt im trn thanh trng thi . Bn c th r chut t t, ngy ti Scheduled Start trn bng ScreenTip s thay i ty thuc v tr m bn r chut.
Khi tch on ra, nu bn mun ni on cng vic li c th click v gi nguyn chut vo mt u v ko vo u cn li.
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III.
Trong nhng chng trc, bn s dng lch c bn trong Microsoft Project 2010 p dng thi gian lm vic, tuy nhin bn cng cn thit lp c th cho tng cng vic. Sau y l mt s l do cn thit khi thit lp gthi gian c th cho tng cng vic. Bn ang s dng lch chun ca Microsoft Project v bn c mt cng vic phi thc hin qua m. Bn c mt cng vic xy ra vo mt ngy c th trong tun. Bn c mt cng vic phi thc hin vo cui tun.
Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s to mt lch v p dng n hn ch thi gian lm vic cho mt cng vic c th: 1. Ti tab Project, trn nhm Properties, click Change Working Time.
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3. Ti hp thoi Create New Base Calendar. Ti Name, nhp tn lch. nh du chn vo Make a copy of sau chn kiu lch chun Standard.
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4. Click OK. 5. To hp thoi Change Working Time, click tab Work Weeks.
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8.
9. Click OK v ng hp thoi Details. 10. Ti hp thoi Change Working Time, click OK v ng hp thoi.
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By gi bn s p dng to trc cho cc cng vic. 11. Chn mt cng vic no . 12. Trn tab Task, ti nhm Properties, click Information.
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Micorsoft Project s p dng lch ny cho cng vic m bn chn. Mt biu tng bn tri ca cng vic cho bit n c p dng mt lch no m bn to.
IV.
Trong Microsoft Project c 2 loi cng vic l c nh v thi lng v c nh v cng vic. i vi cng vic c nh: Bn c th thay i gi tr thit lp cho cng vic v Microsoft Project s tnh ton li cho mi n v thi lng. Bn c th thay i gi tr thi lng v Microsoft Project s tnh ton li cc khong thi gian cao im.
i vi cng vic c nh thi lng: Bn c th thay i gi tr thit lp n cng vic v Microsoft Project s tnh ton li cng vic . Bn c th thay i gi tr cng vic v Microsoft Project s tnh ton li mi khong thi gian cao im cng vic .
Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn thay i mt loi cng vic v thit lp li cc gi tr theo cng thc 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Task Usage.
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3. Click chn mt cng vic ti ct Task Name. 4. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Editing, click Scroll To Task.
5. Click vo ct Start, sau click tab Format, trn nhm Columns, click Insert Column.
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7. Click vo ct Start, sau click tab Format, trn nhm Columns, click Insert Column. 8. Chn Peak.
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y bn c th thy chng hn nhim v th 8 lm trong 240 gi trong 15 ngy vi nng sut l 200%. By gi, bn s thay i thi lng kim tra s nh hng. 9. Ti ct Duration ca cng vic 8, nhp 20d v nhn Enter.
Microsoft Project thay i thi lng ca cng vic 8 ln 20 ngy v tng thi gian ln 320 gi. By gi bn s thay i to cn bng. 10. Click vo biu tng Action bn cnh thi lng. 11. nh du chn vo Resource will work fewer hours per day so that the task will take longer.
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12. Hy ch gi tr nng sut, lc ny thi gian lm vic tr v mc ban u nhng thi nng sut gim xung. iu ny c ngha tng thi lng s gim nng sut to tnh cn bng.
13. Ti ct Task Name, chn mt cng vic. 14. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Editing, click Scroll to Task.
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17. Click tab Advanced. 18. Ti Task Type, chn Fixed Duration.
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19. Click OK. 20. Ti ct Work ca cng vic bn va mi thit lp Fixed Duration, nhp thi gian lm vic, chng hn l 150h v nhn Enter.
V cng vic bn chn c nh v thi lng nn khi bn thm gi lm vic, Microsoft Project iu chnh gi tr cao im ln 125%, hay ni cch khc bn cn phi lm cng vic ny vi nng sut cao hn khi m thi lng vn khng thay i.
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V.
i vi cc d n m bn phi theo di ngn sch hoc chi ph ti chnh, bn cn lm vic vi nhiu ngun chi ph khc nhau. Chng bao gm chi ph cho cc i tng ngun lc cng vic hoc chi ph cho mt cng vic no . i vi nhiu d n, chi ph ti chnh ch yu t cc chi ph lin quan n ngun lc cng vic, chng hn con ngi v cc thit b, hoc ngun nguyn liu. Tuy nhin, thnh thong bn mu chi ph vi mt cng vic khng gn kt vi cc ngun lc hoc khng phi l chi ph bn mun tng hp ton b d n. Microsoft Project 2010 gi y l chi ph c nh v n c p dng cho mi cng vic. Mt s v d v chi ph c nh trong d n: Ph ci t, thm vo mt khon ph thu mi ngy, cho mt phn ca thit b. Mt giy php xy dng.
Bn c th thit lp chi ph c nh tch ly sau y: Start: ton b chi ph theo d kin cho s bt u ca cng vic. Khi bn theo di tin , ton b chi ph c nh ca cng vic pht sinh ngay sau khi cng vic bt u. End: ton b chi ph c nh d kin cho s kt thc ca cng vic. Khi bn theo di tin , ton b chi ph c nh ca cng vic pht sinh sau khi cng vic hon thnh. Prorated: chi ph c nh c phn phi ng u trong thi lng. Khi bn theo di tin , d n s nh hng chi ph v tc cng vic. V d nu mt cng vic c chi ph c nh l 100$ v hon thnh 75%, d n pht sinh 75% so vi cng vic.
Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s thit lp mt chi ph c nh v xc nh phng thc tch ly. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Other Views v click Task Sheet.
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2. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Tables, sau click Cost.
3. Ti ct Fixed Cost, chn mt cng vic v nhp chi ph vo. Sau nhn Enter.
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VI.
Nhiu d n yu cu cc cng vic lp i lp li, chng hn tham gia cc cuc hp, to cc bo co v trnh ln gim c hoc kim tra cht lng nh kz. Mc d bn c th b qua cc cng vic trn trong lch trnh nhng bn nn thit lp cc cng vic ny d dng kim sot. Mt cng vic nh kz l mt cng vic lp i lp li c th l hng tun, hng thng hoc hng nm. Khi bn to ra mt cng vic nh kz, Microsoft Project 2010 to ra mt lot cc cng vic theo thi gian nh kz. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s to mt cng vic nh kz hng tun cho cc cuc hp din ra vo hng tun.
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2. Chn mt cng vic. Bn s chn thm cng vic nh kz trn cc giai on ca k hoch v n s xy ra trong sut cc giai on. 3. Ti tab Task, trn nhm Insert, click Task v chn Recurring Task.
4. Hp thoi Recurring Task Information hin th. Ti Task Name nhp tn ca cng vic nh kz chng hn Hp vi cc bin tp vin 5. Ti Duration nhp thi lng.
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6. Di Recurrence pattern chn thi gian nh kz hng ngy (Daily), hng tun (Weekly), hng thng (Monthly) hoc hng nm (Yearly).
7. Ti Start, nhp ngy bt u cng vic v ti End by l ny kt thc cng vic nh kz ny.
8. Click OK. 9. M biu Gantt. Bn s thy mt lot cc cng vic hin th trn ct Task Name.
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Cng vic tip theo ca bn l thit lp cng vic nh kz vi cc i tng ngun lc. 1. Click chn vo cng vic nh kz m bn mi to. 2. Ti tab Resource, trn nhm Assignments, click Assign Resource.
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3. Ti hp thoi Assign Resource, click vo i tng bn mun thc hin cng vic nh kz ny
4. Click Close.
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3.
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Microsoft Project s ghi li thi lng m bn va mi nhp v iu chnh mt s thng s khc: Cng vic tm tt s chuyn t t ng sang th cng. Bn ch biu tng bn tri cng vic. Microsoft Project v thm 1 thanh trng thi biu Gantt. Phn trn i din cho thi lng bn thit lp, v phn di i din cho thi lng t ng.
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4. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Outline v click All Subtasks.
5. Kim tra biu bn s thy mt thanh trng thi cng vic c m rng vt ra ngoi thi gian.
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V ngun lc cng vic (con ngi v thit b) thng l mt phn quan trng ca d n, vic tm hiu v cc s dng mt cch tt nht cc ngun lc ny l mt k nng quan trng trong khi ln k hoch. Trong chng ny, bn s s dng cc tnh nng m rng ca Microsoft Project 2010 qun l{, iu chnh cc ngun lc.
I.
Mt trong nhng gi tr m Microsoft Project lu tr cho mi ngun lc cng vic l gi tr Max. y l gi tr ti a ca mt ngun lc khi hon thnh cng vic. Khi mt ngun lc vt qu chi ph, Microsoft Project s cho bn bit bn s dng vt qu gi tr cho php. Thut ng c s dng thng bo trng thi ny l overallocated. Thit lp ngun lc sn c gip bn kim sot c gi tr ti a bt c thi im no. V d bn c th s dng 2 bin tp vin cho 8 tun u tin ca d n, 3 bin tp vin cho 6 tun tip theo v 2 bin tp vin cho phn cn li ca d n. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
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3. Ti ct Resource Name, click vo mt i tng. 4. Ti tab Resource, trn nhm Properties, click Information.
5.
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Bng ny cho bn bit vo thng 5 bn s dng 3 bin tp vin, cc thng cn li vn s dng 2 bin tp vin. 7. Click OK ng hp thoi Resource Information.
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II.
Mt s ngun lc cng vic lm cc cng vic khc nhau vi cc mc chi ph phi tr khc nhau. V d, trong d n xut bn cun sch, bin t vin d n c th m nhn mt ni dung bin tp. V mc lng bin tp vin d n v bin tp ni dung l khc nhau, bn c th nhp 2 chi ph ring bit ny. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn b sung thm chi ph cho mt ngun lc: 1. Ti tab Resource, trn nhm Properties, click Information.
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3. Di Cost rate tables, click tab B. 4. Ti ct Standard Rate bn nhp gi tr chi ph. 5. Ti ct Over Time Rate nhp chi ph lm thm gi.
6. Click OK.
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III.
Ngun lc c th c c 2 loi chi ph l chi ph cn bn v chi ph ngoi gi. Mc nh, Microsoft Project s dng cc mc chi ph theo thi lng. Tuy nhin bn c th thay i mc chi ph phi tr ca mt ngun lc c hiu lc t ngy bn chn. V d, ban u bn thit lp chi ph cho mt nhn vin l 40$ mi gi v p dng t ngy 1/1 nhng bn s nng mc chi ph ny ln l 55$/gi vo ngy 1/7. Microsoft Project s s dng mc ny khi tnh chi ph da theo cng vic v thi lng lm vic. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s nhp cc mc chi ph khc nhau v p dng thi im khc. 1. Ti ct Resource Name, chn mt ngun lc. 2. Ti tab Resource, trn nhm Properties, click Information.
3. Ti tab Cost, trn ct Effective Date, hn th 2 chn ngy p dng mc chi ph. 4. Ti ct Standard Rate hng th hai, nhp t l phn trm.
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Bng trn cho bit n ngy 1/6/2012 th chi ph phi tr cho ngun lc ny tng 15%, Microsoft Project s t ng tnh ton cho bn bit 15% l bao nhiu v s hin th kt qu sau khi tnh ton. 5. Click OK.
IV.
Ngun nguyn liu l nhng g m bn s dng cho d n chng hn trong xy dng, nguyn liu c th l inh, g, vt liu, b tng. Bn lm vic vi ngun nguyn liu trong Microsoft Project theo di mt s n v c nh hoc t l tiu th ca nguyn liu v cc chi ph lin quan. Mc d Microsoft Project khng phi l mt h thng theo di hon ho nhng n c th gip bn c c nhng thng tin v nhng g bn ang tiu th trong d n.Chng hn vi d n ra mt cun sch th vic in th khin bn tn giy, l ngun tiu hao m bn quan tm.
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Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s nhp thng tin cho ngun nguyn liu. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
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Sau khi bn xy dng xong mt k hoch, rt c th bn s cn xem xt mt kha cnh c th k hoch phn tch hoc chia s vi cc bn lin quan khc. Mc d c sn nhng ch xem, bng biu v cc bn bo co nhng Microsoft Project 2010 cung cp cho bn nhiu cch kim tra mt k hoch, bn c th t chc thng tin sao cho ph hp vi nhu cu c th. Trong chng ny, bn s dng mt s cng c nh dng trong Microsoft Project 2010 thay i s hin th ca d liu. Microsoft Project c nhiu tnh nng cho php bn t chc v phn tch d liu m khng cn cc cng c, chng trnh khc.
I.
Sorting l phng php phn loi n gin t chc li cng vic hoc ngun d liu trn Microsoft Project. V d bn c th sp xp cc ngun lc theo tng nhm nh nhm thit k, nhm son tho, nhm bin tp) v sau sp xp theo chi ph trong tng nhm ngun lc . Vic sp xp tt c cc ngun lc thnh tng nhm gip bn c th xem c chi ph lin quan vi mi nhm ngun lc mt cch d dng hn. iu ny gip bn lp c ngn sch ca d n. Ngoi ra bn c th sp xp ngun lc trong tng nhm theo chi ph t thp ln cao. 1. Trn tab View, ti nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
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2. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Tables sau click Summary.
Nu bn khng thy AutoFilter, bn c th vo tab View, trn nhm Data, ti Filter, click Display AutoFilter.
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5. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Sort, sau click Sort By.
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Bn cnh , Microsoft cho php bn c th sp xp theo nhm, ID, nng sut .v.v..v
II.
Lc chi tit
Mt cch thay i ch xem trong Microsoft Project v thng tin ngun lc chnh l vic lc. Bn c th lc cc cng vic khng quan trng hoc ch hin th nhng d liu bn mun xem. Trong Microsoft Project 2010, c 2 cch s dng b lc. Bn c th p dng b lc t ng AutoFilter hoc t thit lp b lc ty thch. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Gantt Chart.
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2. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Filter, sau click More Filters.
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3. Click New.
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4. Ti Name, nhp tn b lc. Chng hn Nhng cng vic cha hon thnh 5. Ti hng th nht ca ct Field Name, chn hoc nhp Name. 6. Ti dng th nht ct Test, chn contains. 7. Ti dng th nht ct Value(s), nhp bn tho. 8. Ti hng th hai ca ct And/Or, chn And. 9. Ti hng th hai ca ct Field Name, chn hoc nhp Actual Finish. 10. Ti hng th hai ca ct Test, chn equals. 11. Ti hng th hai ca ct Value(s), chn NA.
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14. Click Apply. Cc cng vic c lc, ch hin th cc cng vic cha hon thnh.
III.
Ty chnh cc bng
Microsoft Project gm mt s dng bng c p dng cc ch xem khc nhau. trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s to mt bng hin th thng tin mt cng vic trong d n. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Other Views sau click Task Sheet.
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2. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Tables sau click More Tables.
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6. Ti ct Field Name, click Indicators v click Delete Row. 7. Ti ct Field Name, click Task Mode v click Delete Row. 8. Ti ct Field Name, click Predecssor v click Delete Row.
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IV.
Ty chnh cc ch xem
Gn nh tt c cc cng vic m bn lm trong Microsoft Project l theo di v xem cc thng tin trong d n. Microsoft Project gm nhiu ch xem gip bn t chc thng tin theo mc ch c th. Bn cnh , Microsoft Project cho php bn c th to mt ch xem theo mun. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Other Views, sau click More Views.
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3. Click New.
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7.
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12. Click OK. 13. Click Apply. Microsoft Project s hin th ch xem m bn ty chnh theo nhm, b lc v bng.
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Sau khi ng c s ca d n c thit lp, trng tm chnh ca ngi qun l d n l xem xt, gim st nhng thay i t lc ln k hoch thu thp, cp nht v phn tch d n. i vi hu ht cc d n, thc hin nhng chi tit tr li cho 3 cu hi sau: Lm th no hon thnh cng vic ng tin ? C phi cng vic no cng bt u v kt thc ng thi gian? Chi ph hon thnh cng vic ?
So snh cc cu tr li cho nhng cu hi vi ng c s s gip ngi qun l d n cng nh cc bn lin quan khc c mt ci nhn tt nht nh gi tin d n v khc phc khi cn. Vic lin lc vi nhng bn lin quan nh khch hng v cc nh ti tr l cng vic quan trng m ngi qun l d n phi lm. Mt im quan trng trong qu trnh lin lc m ngi qun l cn bit sau y: Ai cn bit tnh trng ca d n v cho mc ch g? Mc chi tit m nhng ngi ny cn?
I.
Khi mt cng vic bt u hoc hon thnh sm hoc mun hn d kin th cng vic khng ng so vi d kin. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra vn ny l s chm tr trong vic bt u hoc kt thc cng vic. Bn mun bit v cng vic m cng vic hon tt hoc cng vic trong tng lai khng bt u so vi d kin. Microosft Project s gip bn lm iu ny bng cch xc nh cc cng vic hon thnh m khng bt u vo ng thi gian kim tra trng thi tin . 1. Ti tab Project, trn nhm Properties, click Project Information.
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2. Click Statistics.
Hin ti, mc Variance (lch) c s ngy lch khi hon thnh l 24,5 ngy. 3. Click Close ng hp thoi Project Statistics. 4. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Gantt Chart v click Tracking Gantt.
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ng mu th hin quan trng trong d n. 8. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Filter v chn More Filters.
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9. Ti hp thoi More Filters, click Slipping Tasks. 10. Click Apply. Microsoft Project s lc danh sch ch hin th cc cng vic cha hon thnh nh d kin, sai lch so vi ng c s.
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11. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Filter sau click Clear Filter.
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12. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Other Views sau click Task Sheet.
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13. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Tables, sau click Variance.
Trong bng ny, bn c th thy ng c s v cc thng s b lch so d kin ti ct Start Var. v Finish Var.
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II.
Chi ph trong Microsoft Project gm chi ph c nh v chi ph p dng cho cng vic, ngun chi ph xut pht t cng vic hoc c hai. Khi ch ph cng vic nhiu hoc t hn so vi k hoch s xut hin chi ph gi l chi ph pht sinh. Vic kim tra chi ph pht sinh tng hoc gim gip bn iu chnh ngn sch cho cc cng vic trnh vt qu tng ngn sch ca d n. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s xem chi ph pht sinh. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Tables, sau click Cost.
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2. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Outline sau click Outline Level 1.
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3. Ti bng chi ph bn c th xem c cc chi ph lch ti ct Variance. 4. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Outline v click All Subtask.
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5. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Filter v chn More Filters.
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7. Lc ny bn s thy Microsoft Project lc danh sch cc cng vic c chi ph pht sinh ln hn so vi d kin.
III.
Ngi qun l d n i khi phi tp trung vo ngun chi ph v xem n nh mt phng tin nh gi tin ca d n. Tuy nhin, thng tin ngun chi ph cng phc v cho nhng ngi khc hoc nhu cu khc. i vi nhiu t chc, ngun chi ph c xem nh l vn ct li hoc thm ch cc chi ph pht sinh ch c khi hon thnh d n, do n ngun chi ph cn theo di cht ch c th kim sot c ti chnh ca t chc. Vic kim tra ngun chi ph c th c thc hin khng ch l ngi qun l d n m c th l k ton, gim c iu hnh, ngi qun l nhn s. Mt l do thng thng theo di ngun chi ph l thanh ton trong t chc. Trong trng hp ny, thng tin ngun chi ph c lu tr trong k hoch c th l c s thanh ton trong phng ban ca bn. bi thc hnh ny, bn s dng cc ch xem khc nhau, phn loi xem ngun chi ph. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet.
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3.
Click AutoFilter ti ct Cost v chn Sort Largest to Smallest sp xp chi ph t cao xung thp.
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I.
Bn c th nh dng cc thnh phn (chng hn ct mc milestone) trc tip trong khi xem biu Gantt.Ngoi vic thay i nh dng, bn c th thm hoc g b cc thnh phn. bi thc hnh ny, bn s ty chnh ch xem biu Gantt. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Gantt Chart v chn Tracking Gantt.
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2. Ti tab Format, trn nhm Bar Styles, click Format sau click Bar Styles.
7. Click tab Bars, ti Start, click vo mt mu ti mc Color thit lp mu thanh trng thi khi bt u. 8. Tng t Middle ( gia) v End (cui cng).
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II.
chng 1 v chng 5, bn c tm hiu v Timeline, y l ni bn c th nhn tng th thi gian ca mt d n. bi thc hnh ny, bn s nh dng mt vn bn v cc yu t khc trn Timeline. 1. Ti tab View, trn nhm Split View, click Timeline.
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2. Click vo bt c ch no trong Timeline. 3. Trn tab Format, trn nhm Text, click Text Styles.
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7. Click OK.
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9. Click ln mt cng vic trn Timeline. 10. Ti tab Format, trn nhm Font, click Italic
11. Ti tab Format, trn nhm Font, click Background Color, di Standard Colors chn mt mu lm nn.
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12. Ti tab Format, trn nhm Font, ti Font Color bn c th chn mt mu cho ch.
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III.
Trong qun l d n, s Network Diagram l phng php chun i din cho cc hot ng v cc mi quan h. S Network Diagram cho php bn xem cc hot ng cht ch hn bng cc nh dng th. Microsoft Project cung cp nhiu ty chn nh dng cho s Network Diagram ca bn. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s c nh dng cc thnh phn ch xem Network Diagram. 1. Ti ct Task name, chn mt cng vic. 2. Ti tab View, trn nhm Task Views, click Network Diagram.
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8. Click OK. 9. Click Close. 10. Ti hp thoi Box Style, di Style settings for, chn Critical v gi phm Shift v click ti Noncritical Milestone.
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6. Ti Task type, click Critical. 7. Ti Color, di Standard Colors, click chn mu.
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8. Click OK.
IV.
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3. Click vo tab File, click Save & Send. 4. Click Create PDF/XPS Document. Click Create PDF/XPS.
5. Ti hp thoi Browse, nhp tn cho tp tin vo File name. 6. Ti Save as type, chn nh dng PDF hoc XPS.
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7. Chn ni lu tr. Sau click OK. 8. Hp thoi Document Export Options hin th cho php bn la chn xut ra tt c (All) hoc trong khong thi gian (From .. to). 9. Ti PDF Options chn ISO 19005-1 complian (PDF/A) nu bn mun theo chun vn bn l ISO.
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Chng ny m t mt s phng php ty chnh Microsoft Project 2010 cho ph hp s thch ca ring bn. Microsoft Project 2010 c tha hng giao din Ribbon, cho php bn ty chnh cc chc nng. Bn cnh , Microsoft Project 2010 c cc tnh nng ty bin khc chng hn tnh nng t chc Organizer.
I.
Ging vi cc ng dng Microsoft Office khc, bn c nhiu ty chn khi lm vic vi Microsoft Project. Mt s thit lp ty bin sau: Thm chc nng vo thanh cng c Quick Acess. Ty chnh thanh Ribbon hoc to mt thanh Ribbon mi gm cc chc nng m bn mun.
Trong bi thc hnh ny bn s ty chnh thanh cng c Quick Access. 1. Ti tab File, click Options.
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7. Click OK. Bn s n vi cng vic c s ID l 43 trong ct Task Name. Nu bn mun g b chc nng Go To, thc hin cc chc nng sau: 1. Click chut phi vo biu tng Go To. 2. Click Remove from Quick Access Toolbar.
II.
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7. Ti hp thoi Rename, nhp tn nhm Display name. 8. Chn mt biu tng di Symbol.
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Trong chng ny, bn s tp trung vo nhiu phng php khc nhau ly d liu vo v ra trong Microsoft Project 2010.. Thm vo , Microsoft cung cp nhiu ty chn nhp v xut cc d liu. Trong chng ny, bn s thy cc thut ng sau: Source program: l ngun chng trnh m t bn sao chp thng tin. Destination program: l chng trnh m bn dn thng tin vo.
I.
Microsoft Project h tr sao chp thng tin v dn chng vo chng trnh khc. Khi bn sao chp d liu t Microsoft Project n cc chng trnh khc, bn c mt s ty chn sau: Bn c th sao chp thng tin (chng hn cc tn cng vic v thi gian) t mt bng trong Microsoft Project v dn chng vo cu trc dng bng trong cc ng dng khc nh Microsoft Excel. Trong mi trng hp, cc ct tiu ca d liu m bn sao chp cng c th dn c. Bn c th sao chp vn bng t mt bng trong Microsoft Project v dn chng di dng vn bng cc cng c son tho vn bn khc chng hn nh WordPad hoc NotePad. Khi dn thng tin t Microsoft Project n mt ng dng e-mail bn c th nhn c kt qu l bng nu ng dng e-mail ca bn h tr nh dng HTML.
Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s sao chp bng d liu t Microsoft Project v dn chng vo Excel v Word.
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4.
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5. Ti tab View, trn nhm Resource Views, click Resource Sheet. 6. Ti tab View, trn nhm Data, click Tables, sau click Cost.
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9. M chng trnh Microsoft Excel 2010 v dn thng tin va sao chp. Nu bn gp cc thng tin c du (####...) th bn ch cn m rng cc bng
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II.
Microsoft Project 2010 c th to ra cc bo co trc quan v chia s chng vi cc ng dng khc nh Excel hoc Visio. c bit bn c th s dng tnh nng Visual Report xut d liu t Microsoft Project n Excel hoc Visio. Trong bi thc hnh ny, bn s to ra bn bo co trc quan Excel v Visio. 1. Ti tab Project, trn nhm Reports, click Visual Reports 2. Hp thoi Visual Reports hin th
3. Click tab Resource Summary. 4. Click Resource Remaining Work Report, sau click View.
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5.
Microsoft Project 2010 s xut ra cho bn bn bo co trc quan v ti chng trnh Microsoft Excel.
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6. Ti hp thoi Visual Reports tn chng trnh Microsoft Project 2010, click tab Assignment Usage. 7. Click Baseline Report (US), sau click View.
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8. Microsoft Project 2010 s xut thng tin vo chng trnh Microsoft Visio. Ti Visio 2007, trn menu View, click Zoom v chn 100%. Ti Visio 2010, trn Zoom ch 100%.
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THUT NG
s dng tt hn Microsoft Project 2010, ti phn cui ny bn s c lm quen vi cc thut ng c trong Microsoft Project 2010. 8/80 rule: nguyn tc 8/80 cho bit d ton v thi lng lm vic. Thi lng cng vic 8h/ngy v 80h/10 ngy hoc 2 tun lm vic. Accural: cc phng thc tch ly m d n phi gnh chu nhng chi ph ca mt cng vic hoc ngun lc. Actual: tin thc t ca mt cng vic ang din ra trong Microsoft Project. Trc khi ghi li thc t ny, k hoch ca d n gm c lch trnh v thng tin. So sch k hoch d n so vi thc t gip ngi qun l d n c th kim sot tt hn d n ca mnh. Allocation: phn b kh nng lm vic ca ngun lc i vi mt cng vic c th. Assignment: kt hp ngun lc cng vic (con ngi hoc thit b) vi cc cng vic. Bn c th kt hp ngun nguyn liu v chi ph cho mt cng vic, nhng nhng ngun lc ny khng nh hng n cng vic v thi lng. AutoFilter: trong mt bng, y l phng php cho php bn xem hoc t chc cng vic hoc thng tin ngun lc theo cc tiu chun m bn chn. Automatically scheduled task: mt cng vic trong Microsoft Project t ng iu chnh thi gian bt u v kt thc khi c s thay i lch trnh trong mt d n. Base calendar: lch c bn trong Microsoft Project cho cc cng vic. Lch ny thit lp gi lm vic mc nh. Baseline: ng c s lu li k hoch c bn ban u ca d n, sau so snh vi cng vic, tin thc t ang din ra. Bottom-up planning: mt phng php pht trin k hoch d n bt u vi cng vic cp thp nht v t chc thnh cc giai on m rng. Calendar: lch trong Microsoft Project thit lp ngy v gi lm vic cho mt d n, ngun lc hoc cng vic. Consolidated project: mt k hoch trong Microsoft Project gm mt hoc nhiu k hoc nh khc. Nhng k hoch ny c lin kt vi nhau to thnh d n hp nht v c gi la consolidated project. Constraint: hn ch, chng hn Must Start On (MSO) ngha l phi bt u vo hoc Finish No Later Than (FNLT) ngha l hon thnh khng tr hn. Cost: nhng ngun lc cn thit thc hin mt d n bao gm nhn lc lm vic, thit b s dng v ngun nguyn liu tiu th v chi ph (Cost) l s tin phi tr cho cc ngun lc k trn.
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Critical path: mt lot cc cng vic, nu chm tr s lm cho ngy kt thc ca d n b di ra. Deadline: thi gian m bn c th nhp vo ch nh ngy kt thc cng vic. Nu thi gian tr hn deadline, Microsoft Project s thng bo cho bn. Deliverable: cc sn phm cui cng, dch v hoc s kin m mt d n nhm ti. Dependency: mt lin kt gia cng vic tin nhim (predecessor task) v mt cng vic k nhim (successor task). Tnh ph thuc kim sot ngy bt u hoc kt thc ca cc cng vic lin quan. Tnh ph thuc thng thng l mi quan h finish-to-start (FS). Destination program: chng trnh m bn s dng khi chuyn d liu t Microsoft Project n. Duration: khong thi gian m bn thit lp hon thnh mt nhim v, c th gi l thi lng. Effort-drivent scheduling: mt phng php lp k hoch trong cc cng vic phi lm khng i khi ngun lc thay i. Phng php ny s cn bng trnh thay i v thi gian. Enterprise project management (EPM): gii php qun tr d n, nht qun trong cch t chc. Field: cc thng tin v cng vic, ngun lc, d liu c t chc theo ct. Filtering: mt ch xem hin th cc thng tin ngun lc theo bn. Fixed cost: mt s tin ngn sch cho nhim v. S tin ny c lp ngun chi ph v thi lng cng vic. Fixed duration: mt loi cng vic trong thi lng l c nh. Nu bn thay i s lng cng vic Microsoft Project s tnh ton li sau khi c s thay i. Fixed work: cng vic c nh. Nu bn thay i thi lng cng vic, Microsoft Project s tnh ton li ngun lc lm cng vic cng vic vn c nh. Gannt Chart view: xem ch biu Gantt. Microsoft Project s gm 1 bng v cc cng vic bn tri v mt biu vi cc thanh trng thi cng vic nm bn phi. Hyperlink: mt lin kt n mt tp tin khc, mt v tr c th ca tp tin, trang web trn Internet hoc trang web trong mng ni b. Lag time: khong thi gian tr gia 2 cng vic. V d, khong thi gian tr m cng vic k nhim trong mi quan h finish-to-start bt u sau khi cng vic tin nhim hon thnh. Lead time: khong thi gian ln thi gian ca mt cng vic khc. V d mt cng vic k nhim bt u sm hn trc khi cng vic tin nhim hon thnh trong mi quan h finish-to-start.
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Line manager: mt ngi qun l ca mt nhm ngun lc cng c gi l qun l. Mt line manager cng c xem l mt ngi c k nng qun l d n v c vai tr, trch nhim ph thuc vo cu trc t chc. Link: mi lin kt gia cng vic c kim sot mt cch tun t. Trong biu Gantt v s Network Diagram, lin kt xut hin l cc ng gia cc cng vic. Manually scheduled task: mt cng vic m Microsoft Project s khng thit lp ngy bt u hoc kt thc cng nh thi lng t ng. Chng hn mt cng vic m bn c th thit lp bt c thi gian bt u v kt thc no. Material resources: ngun nguyn liu c s dng trong mt d n. Maximum units: gi tr ti a ct Max. trong mt ngun lc. Khi bn phn b ngun lc vt qu gii hn cho php, Microsoft Project s cnh bo. Milestone: mt s kin quaan trng cn t trong mt d n hoc cn p dng. Trn Microsoft Project, milestone thng c i din cho cng vic khng c thi lng. Night Shift base calendar: mt loi lch c s trong Microsoft Project c dng cho thi gian t 11h m n 8h sng. Note: thng tin (bao gm c nhng lin kt hoc cc tp tin nhng vo trong) m bn mun lin kt vi mt cng vic, ngun lc. Ongoing operation: mt hot ng m khng c ngy kt thc hoc c lp i lp li trong t nhin, chng hn nh k ton, qun l. Resource: ngun lc bao gm c con ngi, thit b, nguyn liu v cc chi ph lin quan n cc thnh phn ny cn hon thnh cng vic trong d n. Ribbon interface: giao din ngi dng c thit k s dng ging cc ng dng Microsoft Office khc. Trn giao din ribbon ny, chc nng c t chc thnh nhm v cc tab bn truy cp nhanh chng. Risk: mt ri ro lm gim i kh nng hon thnh d n ng thi gian trong ngn sch. Scheduling formula: cng thc tnh thi gian lm vic, da trn thi lng v ngun lc c thit lp. Scope: sn phm hoc dch v c cung cp trong d n v yu cu cng vic cho n. i vi k hoch d n, n rt hu ch phn bit gia phm vi sn phm v phm vi d n. Sequence: trnh t thi gian, trong cc cng vic c thc hin theo trnh t Sorting: phng php phn loi thng tin ngun lc theo bn Source program: khi chuyn i d liu gia Microsoft Project v cc chng trnh khc th chng trnh ban u c gi l chng trnh gc (source program). Split: ch s gin on trong cng vic. Sponsor: c nhn hoc t chc h tr chi ph ti chnh cho cc nhm d n trong cc doanh nghip, t chc ln.
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Stakeholders: nhng ngi hoc t chc c nh hng n cc hot ng ca d n (nhng c s c quyn li khi d n thnh cng). y cng bao gm c ngun lc cng vic trn d n hoc khc (chng hn l khch hng). Standard base calendar: mt lch c bn trong Microsoft Project c s dng trong thi gian t 8h sng n 5h chiu v t th 2 n th 6. Status date: trng thi ca cc ngy lm vic m Microsoft Project tnh ton thng qua cc d liu thu c. Summary task: mt cng vic c hnh thnh v tm tt cc cng vic con bn di. Trong Microsoft Project, cc giai on ca d n cng i din cho cc cng vic tm tt ny. Task: mt cng vic c thi im bt u v kt thc. Task calendar: lch c bn c s dng cho mt cng vic duy nht. Lch ny xc nh thi gian lm vic v khng lm vic, bt k thit lp no trong d n. Task ID: mt con s duy nht m Microsoft Project gn cho mi cng vic trong d n. Task priority: cc s hng sp xp t 0 n 1000 nh gi mc quan trng ca cng vic. Template: trong Microsoft Projec,mt nh dng tp tin cho php bn s dng li cc k hoch d n nh mt d n c bn. Microsoft Project gm nhiu mu c lin quan n nhiu ngnh cng nghip. Time: thi lng cho cc cng vic c th. Tracking: giai on th 2 trong d n vi mc ch theo di cc d liu, phn tch thc t so snh vi d kin. Variance: sai lch thi gian hoc ngn sch so vi ng c bn ca d kin ban u. Work resources: con ngi v thit b lm cng vic trong d n.
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