Gii thiu OPNET

Phn hng dn n y gip hc vin lm quen vi phn mm IT OPNET Guru, s dng cc c tnh ca IT Guru xy dng v phn tch cc m hnh mng. Hc vin s hc cch gii quyt bi ton m hnh ho mng thng tin thng qua vic Xu dng xy dng mt m hnh mng thch hp, lin kt cc (cc) m tham s thng k ca mng v phn tch kt qu m hnh mng phng nhn c. Cc bi tp s tng bc gip hc vin thnh tho dn vic s dng IT Guru v minh ho phm vi ca cc bi ton m IT Guru c th gii quyt. Chn cc Trc ht cn hiu r v trnh t x l, khng gian tham s thit k (workspace) v cc cng c ca IT Guru. Trnh t x l i vi IT Guru (cc bc cn thit xy dng mt m hnh mng v chy cc m phng) tp trung quanh mi trng Project Editor. Trn , Chy (cc) ngi s dng c th to ra mt m hnh mng, khai m phng cc tham s cho tng i tng hay cho c h thng, thc hin m phng v xem cc kt qu. Vic s dng mi trng Project Editor xy dng mt mng con s c minh ho ngay sau y. Mi trng Project Editor Mi trng Project Editor l vng thao tc chnh thc hin m phng.
Xem v phn tch (cc) kt qu

Ca s Project Editor Ca s Project Editor c cc vng chc nng tng tc vi cc th tc khi to v chy m phng m hnh mng. Cc vng chc nng ny c minh ho hnh di. Thanh thc n Thanh thc n nm pha trn cng ca s thit k. Thanh ny gm cc thc n theo ch trong cha cc lnh. S thc n v s cc lnh trong mi thc n thay i tu theo s modul c gi vo m hnh. Cc lnh ph thuc tnh hung c th c chn khi nhp phi chut ln i tng hoc
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Mt m hnh mng trn ca s Project Editor

ln khng gian thit k.

Thc n

Nt cng c

Khng gian thit k

Thng bo

Biu tng cha cc thng bo

Cc nt cng c Mt s chc nng thng dng trn thanh thc n c th c kch hot nh cc nt cng c c minh ho di y.

1. M th vin Object Palette 2. Kin tra kt ni 3. nh li i tng chn 4. Khi phc i tng chn 5. Tr v phn mng bc cao hn 6. Phng to 7. Thu nh 8. Ci t tham s chy m phng 9. Xem kt qu 10. M/xo cc th

Khng gian thit k L phn khng gian nm gia ca s Editor, cha cc biu tng ca m hnh mng. C th chn, x dch cc biu tng, chn cc lnh ph thuc tnh hung khi nhp phi chut ln phng nn ca khng gian thit k. Vng thng bo Vng thng bo nm v tr di cng ca ca s Editor. N cung cp thng tin v trng thi cng c. xem thng tin v tin trnh lm vic, nhp tri chut ln biu tng bn cnh vng thng bo. Ca s mi m s lit k cc thng bo xut hin trong vng thng bo. Cc thng tin ny tr gip, hng dn ngi dng trong qu trnh xy dng m hnh m phng. Bi tp minh ho: Kt ni nng cp mng LAN Gii thiu Trong bi tp ny, hc vin s tm hiu cch s dng cc c tnh ca IT Guru xy dng v phn tch cc m hnh mng. Nhim v t ra l lp k hoch nng cp mt mng con intranet ca mt cng ty. Hin ti, cng ty c mt mng my tnh vi hnh dng Tng 1 sao c trin khai tng th nht ca to nh vn phng. Cng ty ln k hoch m Mng m rng thm mt mng hnh sao na tng trn ca to nh. Hc vin s thit lp m hnh m phng v kim tra kh nng m rng ny bo m rng ti lu lng pht sinh t mng mi m khng lm hng hot ng ca ton mng.
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Thc hin Khi khi to mt m hnh mng mi, trc ht cn phi to ra mt n (project) v hot cnh (scenario) mi. Mt n l tp hp ca mt s hot cnh m mi hot cnh kho st mt kha cnh khc nhau ca mng. Sau khi khi u mt project mi, chng ta s s dng cng c Startup Wizard kin to mt hot cnh mi. Cng c Wizard cho php: Xc nh hnh khi u ca mng Xc nh quy m, kch thc ca mng Chn la bn nn cho mng Lin kt th vin phn t (object palette) vi hot cnh Startup Wizard s t ng xut hin mi khi mt project mi c khi to. Cng c ny cho php chng ta xc nh mt s cc c tnh ca mi trng thit k mng. s dng Startup Wizard ci t mt hot cnh mi, thc hin theo cc bc sau: 1. Chy chng trnh IT Guru nu n cha c kch hot. 2. Chn File => New 3. Chn Project t thc n ko xung ri nhp OK. 4. t tn project v hot cnh nh sau: a. Tn project: <xx>_Sm_Int, trong <xx> l gi tr khi u ca project. b. Tn hot cnh first_floor. c. Nhp OK. Startup Wizard bt u hot ng. 5. Nhp cc tham s trong bng di vo cc hp khai bo ca Startup Wizard.
Tn hp khai bo 1. Initial Topology 2. Choose Network Scale 3. Specify Size 4. Select Technologies 5. Review Gi tr Chn gi tr mc nh Create Empty Scenario. Chn Office. nh du Use Metric Unit vo hp chn. Chn gi tr mc nh 100m x 100m. Chn h m hnh Sm_Int_Model_List. Kim tra li cc tham s ri nhp OK.

Mt khng gian thit k vi kch thc va c xc nh s m ra. Th vin phn t tng ng vi cc chn la t Startup Wizard c m ra trong mt ca s khc. Khi to mng
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Edited by Foxit Reader Copyright(C) by Foxit Software Company,2005-2006 For Evaluation Only.

Cc m hnh mng c to ra trn mi trng Project Editor bng cch s dng cc node v link ly t th vin object palette. Node - Mt biu tng biu din mt thc th c th pht v thu thng tin ca mng thc.

Link - Mi trng truyn tin kt ni cc node li vi nhau. Link c th l cp in hoc si quang.

Cc i tng ny c lu trong th vin object palette dng cc biu tng. C th khi to mng bng mt trong ba cch hoc t hp bt k cc cch ny vi nhau. Cch th nht l nhp hnh (topology) c sn. Mt cch khc l thit lp trn mi trng thit k cc node ring l chn t th vin object palette. Cch th ba l s dng cng c Rapid Configuration. Rapid Configuration khi to mt mng mi bng mt lnh duy nht sau khi cu hnh mng, kiu ca cc node trong mng, kiu ca cc link ni cc node c la chn. khi to mng my tnh u tin ( tng mt ca to nh) bng cng c Rapid Configuration, thc hin cc thao tc sau: 1. Chn Topology => Rapid Configuration. 2. Chn cu hnh Star t thc n dropdown, sau nhp OK Xc nh cc m hnh node v m hnh link ca mng. Cc m hnh tun theo quy lut t tn sau: <protocol1>_..._<protocoln>_<function>_<mod> Trong : * <protocol> xc nh (cc) loi giao thc c h tr bi m hnh. * <function> l tn (vit tt) chc nng tng qut ca m hnh. * <mod> l th t bc ca m hnh th sinh.

V d: ethernet2_bridge_int xc nh m hnh th sinh trung gian (int) ca mt cu (bridge) Ethernet 2 cng (ethernet2). Tn m hnh thit b ca cc hng c thm phn mo u ch tn hng v s seri sn phm. V d: switch ca hng 3Com dng trong bi tp ny c tn: 3C_SSII_1100_3300_4s_ae52_e48_ge3 Node ny l mt tp hp thit b gm hai chassis 3Com SuperStack II 1100, hai chassis 3Com SuperStack II 3300 (3C_SSII_1100_3300) vi bn khe cm (4s), 52 cng Ethernet auto-sensing (ae52), 48 cng Ethernet (e48) v ba cng Ethernet Gigabit (ge3). thit lp cc node v link cu thnh nn mng, thc hin tip cc thao tc sau: 1. t Center Node Model l 3C_SSII_1100_3300_4s_ae52_e48_ge3 ( l mt loi switch ca 3Com). 2. t Periphery Node Model l Sm_Int_wkstn, v thay i s thit b ngoi vi Number l 30. Thao tc ny to ra 30 my trm Ethernet l cc node ngoi vi. 3. t Link Model l 10BaseT.

Xc nh v tr t mng: 1. t X center v Y center l 25. 2. t Radius l 20. 3. Nhp OK. Mng my tnh ( tng mt) mi c khi to s c dng nh hnh trn. Tip theo, cn t mt my ch vo h thng. Vic ci t ny c thc hin theo phng php th hai, ko i tng t th vin object palette vo khng gian thit k. 1. Nu th vin cha c m ra, nhp tri chut vo biu tng gi th vin trn thanh cha cc nt cng c.

2. Tm biu tng Sm_Int_server trong ca s th vin nhp tri chut v ko biu tng vo khng gian thit k. 3. Nhp phi chut tt chc nng khi to thm nt mi. Tip theo, cn kt ni server vi mng hnh sao. 1. Tm biu tng 10BaseT trong ca s th vin, nhp tri chut ln . 2. Nhp tri chut ln server ri chuyn sang switch tip tc nhp tri chut. Mt ng link ni hai thit b ny s xut hin 3. Nhp phi chut tt chc nng to kt ni. Sau cng cn a thm vo cc i tng t cu hnh xc nh lu lng ti s xut hin trong mng. Ci t cc i tng nh ngha ng dng v nh ngha profile tng i phc tp v khng c nghin cu y. Trong bi tp ny cc i tng sau c nhp sn vo th vin object palette: Mt i tng nh ngha ng dng vi cc cu hnh mc nh ca cc ng dng chun Mt i tng nh ngha profile vi mt mu profile truy cp c s d liu tc thp. Hc vin ch cn ko cc i tng ny vo m hnh mng thit k. Khi lu lng do cc my trm truy cp vo mt c s d liu tc thp s c m hnh ho. 1. Tm biu tng Sm_Application_Config trong th vin v ko n vo khng gian thit k. 2. Nhp phi chut tt chc nng khi to i tng 3. Tm biu tng Sm_Profile_Config trong th vin, ko vo trong khng gian thit k, nhp phi chut. 4. ng ca s object palette. Qua thao tc ny, vic xy dng mng my tnh tng mt hon tt. Dng ca n ging nh hnh di.

Tp hp s liu m phng Cc tham s c th c tp hp t cc node ring l trong mng (object statistics) hoc trn ton mng (global statistics). Cc tham s cn tp hp phi a ra c thng tin tr li cc cu hi: Server c kh nng qun tr ti lu lng t mng m rng thm khng? tr tng cng trn ton mng c chp nhn c khng khi a thm mng th hai vo hot ng? tr li cc cu hi ny, cn phi kho st cc tham s cht lng ca mng hin thi ly c s so snh. Cc tham s cn thu thp l Server Load (tham s ring), Ethernet Delay (tham s chung). Server Load l tham s chnh phn nh cht lng ca ton mng. tp hp cc kt qu lin quan n ti ca server, thc hin cc thao tc sau: 1. Nhp phi chut ln node server (node_31) v chn Choose Individual Statistics t thc n. Ca s Choose Results ca node 31 xut hin. Ca s Choose Results cha cc tham s cn tp hp sp xp theo phn cp. tp hp tham s ti Ethernet trn server, thc hin tip cc bc: 2. Nhp tri chut ln du cng (+) bn cnh Ethernet trong hp chn Choose Results bung b tham s theo phn cp ca Ethernet. 3. Nhp tri chut ln hp chn bn cnh Load (bits/sec) xc nhn chn tham s ny. 4. Nhp OK ng ca s Choose Results. Tham s chung (Global statistics) c th c dng kt hp thng tin v ton th mng. V d, c th xc nh tr trn ton mng khi tp hp tham s chung Delay:

1. Nhp phi chut ln khng gian thit k (khng chm vo i tng no) v chn Choose Individual Statistics t thc n va m. 2. Bung th mc gc Global Statistics. 3. Bung th mc Ethernet. 4. Nhp tri chut vo hp chn bn cnh Delay (sec) xc nhn chn tham s. 5. Nhp OK ng ca s Choose Results. Sau ci t ny, nn lu project li trn cng bng cc thao tc sau: 1. Chn File => Save, nhp OK. Sau c th bt u vic chy m phng. Tuy nhin cn kim tra li b lu tr repositories. Repositories cha cc cu t nh cc m hnh tin trnh v cc tng pipeline c lu li cc m phng c th thc hin trong thi gian ngn hn. 1. Chn Edit => Preferences. 2. Son repositories trong trng tm kim Find ri nhp nm Find. 3. Nu gi tr cho repositories khng phi l stdmod, nhp tri chut vo trng son tho v nhp stdmod vo hp thoi. 4. Nhp OK ng cc hp thoi repositories v Preferences. chy m phng, thc hin tip cc thao tc: 1. Chn Simulation => Configure Discrete Event Simulation... Cng c th m hp thoi Configure Discrete Event Simulation bng cch nhp tri chut ln nt thao tc configure/run simulation. 2. Nhp gi tr 0.5 vo trng Duration thc hin m phng hot ng ca mng trong khong thi gian 1/2 gi. 3. Nhp chut ln nt Run khi ng m phng. Khi m phng ang din tin, mt ca s biu din tin trnh m phng s xut hin. Hp thoi trn ch ra rng, trong 5 giy ca thi gian (thc) qua, IT Guru m
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phng c 15 pht 19 giy thi gian hot ng ca mng. Ton b thi gian m phng s ko di khng qu mt pht gi tr thi gian qua (elapsed time) thay i ph thuc vo tc ca my tnh. 4. Khi m phng kt thc, nhp nt Close trn hp thoi Simulation Sequence. Xem kt qu C th xem cc kt qu c biu din bng th trong mi trng Project Editor khi chn View Results t thc n trn khng gian thit k Workspace sau khi nhp phi chut. Sau khi m phng kt thc, c th xem cc kt qu bng nhiu cch khc nhau. Trong bi tp ny kt qu c xem nh tu chn View Results trn thc n pop-up trong Workspace. xem gi tr ti Ethernet ca server, thc hin cc thao tc sau: 1. Nhp phi chut ln node server (node_31), chn View Results t thc n pop-up ca server. Hp thoi View Results xut hin. 2. Bung cc th mc Office Network.node_31 => Ethernet. 3. Nhp chut ln hp chn bn cnh Load (bits/sec) xc nhn la chn tham s cn xem. 4. Nhp chut ln nt Show trn hp thoi View Results. th ca tham s ti server xut hin trn mi trng Project Editor, nh hnh bn. th ca tham s ti server phi ging vi dng bn. Cc kt qu c th khc i cht do s khc nhau v v tr ca cc node v di link nhng dng chung phi tng t. l ti trn server mc nh c th t xp x 6.000 bits/sec. y l mc so vi trng hp khi kt ni thm mng th hai vo. ng ca s ny v hp thoi View Results (Nu chng trnh a ra thng ip cnh bo, chn Delete). xem tham s Global Ethernet Delay, thc hin tip cc thao tc: 1. Nhp phi chut ln khng gian thit k ri chn View Results t thc n pop-up.
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2. nh du hp chn gn th mc Global Statistics => Ethernet => Delay ri nhp chut ln nt Show xem tham s tr Ethernet ton mng. th tr Ethernet xut hin vi dng ging nh hnh di. l sau khi mng t ti trng thi n nh, tr cc i xp x gi tr 0.4 mili giy ng ca s ho ri ng ca s View Results. M rng mng Sau khi kho st cc tham s c bn ca mng hin ti, vic m rng mng c thc hin, hot ng ca n c kim chng bng cch so snh cc ch tiu mi vi cc gi tr trc ca mng c. Do mng nng cp s c khi to trong mt hot cnh mi, c lp vi hot cnh c vic so snh c thun tin. Hc vin s nhn bn hot cnh hin ti, nng cp theo yu cu ca bi. Thao tc nhn bn c tin hnh nh sau: 1. Chon Scenarios => Duplicate Scenario... 2. Nhp tn hot cnh mi l expansion. 3. Nhp OK. Hot cnh vi ton b cc node, link, cc tham s v cu hnh m phng c nhn bn di tn mi l expansion.

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Phn mng mi trn tng hai c cu hnh ging vi mng nguyn thu tng mt ngoi tr server. Phn mng ny c khi to nh sau: 1. Chn Topology => Rapid Configuation. 2. Chn hnh Star v nhp OK. 3. Trong ca s Rapid Configuration chn cc tham s sau: Center Node Model: 3C_SSII_1100_3300_4s_ae52_e48_ge3 Periphery Node Model: Sm_Int_wkstn Number: 15 Link model: 10BaseT X: 75, Y: 62.5, Radius: 20 4. Nhp OK khi to mng mi.

Kt ni hai mng: 1. Nu th vin cha c m ra, nhp tri chut vo biu tng gi th vin trn thanh cha cc nt cng c. 2. Ko biu tng Cisco 2514 router vo khng gian thit k, t gia hai mng. Nhp phi chut tt chc nng khi to node. 3. Nhp tri chut ln biu tng 10BaseT trong th vin. 4. t cc kt ni 10BaseT gia Cisco router (node_50) v cc switch trung tm ca hai mng. 5. Nhp phi chut tt chc nng khi to link. 6. ng th vin i tng. 7. Chn File => Save.
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 chy m phng hot cnh m rng, thc hin tip cc thao tc: 1. Chn Simulation => Configure Discrete Event Simulation... 2. Kim tra li Duration l 0.5 gi. 3. Nhp Run bt u m phng. Mt ca s thng bo tin trnh m phng xut hin. Khi tab Simulation Speed c chn, c tc tc thi v tc trung bnh ca s s kin/giy u c biu din trn th. 4. Khi m phng kt thc, ng ca s Simulation Sequence. So snh kt qu tr li cc cu hi t ra phn trc v vic thm mt phn mng vo mng LAN c, cn thit phi so snh cc kt qu ca hai hot cnh xy dng. Vic kho st ng thi ti server trong c hai trng hp c thc hin bng cc thao tc: 1. Nhp phi chut ln node server (node_31) m thc n pop-up ca n. 2. Chn Compare Results. Ca s View Results xut hin, trong cc tham s thng k c sp theo th mc phn cp. Vic chn cch xem kt qu ny (Compare Results) cho php xem cng mt loi tham s ca tt c cc hot cnh trn cng mt th bt k vic kch hot chc nng ny t hot cnh no. Tip tc thc hin cc thao tc: 1. Chn Office Network.node_31 => Ethernet => Load
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(bits/sec), nhp chut ln nt Show. th nhn c c dng nh hnh di. th tip theo pha bn ly trung bnh theo thi gian ca kt qu trn. C th nhn thy rng ti trung bnh trong trng hp mng m rng cao hn ng k (ng nh d on) nhng khng n iu tng theo thi gian. iu ny chng t mng vn hot ng n nh. Bc cui cng l kho st tr khi m rng mng. Thc hin cc thao tc: 1. ng ca s th v ca s Compare Results ca server. 2. Nhp phi chut ln khng gian thit k, chn Compare Results t thc n pop-up. 3. Chn Global Statistics => Ethernet => Delay (sec). 4. Nhp Show m ca s th. th phi c dng nh hnh bn. Theo , c th nhn thy gn nh khng c thay i ng k no v tr ca ti d liu khi truyn qua mng, mc d, t th trn, ti server c tng. Chn File => Save lu lai project trc khi ng cc ca s. Ti liu tham kho Kevin Brown & Leann Christianson Opnet Lab Manual to accompany Data & Computer Communications by W. Stallings. Pearson, 2005. ISBN 013-148252-1 William Stallings. Computer Networking with Internet Protocols and Technology, Prentice Hall Inc., NJ, 2004. D. Bersekas, R. Gallager. Data Networks, 2nd, Prentice Hall Inc., NJ, 1992.
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