Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CaO ,t
CH3COONa + NaOH
CH4 + Na2CO3
as
CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl
clometan (metyl clorua)
as
CH3Cl + Cl2
CH2Cl2 + HCl
as
CH2Cl2 + Cl2
CHCl 3 + HCl
triclometan (clorofom)
as
CHCl 3 + Cl2
CCl4
HCl
15000
l ln
C2H2 +3H2
2CH4
0
Ni ,t
C2H6
C2H2 + 2H2
5000 C , xt
C2H6
C2H4 +H2
Ni ,t 0
C2H4 + H2
C2H6
C2H6 C2H5Cl C4H10 C4H8 nbutan
b. C4H10
isopropylclorua
C3H6 propan
npropylclorua.
0
500 C , xt
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH3 + CH2=CH2
as
CH3-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2Cl +HCl
t 0C , xt
2CH3-CH2Cl + 2Na
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 + 2NaCl
5000 C , xt
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2
Ni ,t 0
CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + H2
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
0
500 C , xt
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH=CH2 +CH4
Ni ,t 0
CH3-CH=CH2 + H2
CH3-CH2-CH3
CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2
CH3-CHCl-CH3 (isopropylclorua) + HCl
CH2Cl-CH2-CH3 (propylclorua) + HCl
CH 3 CHCl CH 3 + HCl
CH 2 = CH CH 3 + H 2
t 0C , xt
CH3-CH2-CH3
CH 2 = CH 2 + CH 4
b. n-butan
CH 2Cl CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 + HCl
as
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 + Cl2
CH 3 CHCl CH 2 CH 3 + HCl
CH 2 = CH CH 3 + CH 4
t 0C , xt
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH 2 = CH 2 + CH 3 CH 3
CH = CH CH CH + H
2
3
2
2
http://www.rawtube.com/videos/boss-fucks-employee-6591.html
c. CnH2n+2
as
CnH2n+2 + Cl2
CnH2n+1Cl + HCl
Cn H 2 n + H 2
t 0C , xt
CnH2n+2
(n1+ n2 =n)
Cn1 H 2 n1 + Cn 2 H 2 n 2+ 2
Cu 2. Vit cc ng phn v gi tn theo danh php quc t cc hp cht ng vi cng thc phn t sau: C5H12
* C5H12
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 pentan
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 2-metylbutan (isopentan)
CH3-C(CH3)2-CH3 2,2 dimetylpropan (neopentan)
1.5 Hai cht A, B cng cng thc phn t C5H12 tc dng vi Cl2 theo t l mol 1:1 th A ch to 1 dn xut duy
nht cn B to 4 dn xut. Vit cng thc cu to ca A, B v cc dn xut clo ca chng.
CH 2Cl CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 2Cl + HCl
CH Cl CH (CH ) CHCl CH + HCl
2
3
3
as
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH 3 CCl (CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 3 + HCl
CH 2Cl CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 3 + HCl
as
CH3-C(CH3)2-CH3 + Cl2
CH2Cl-C(CH3)2-CH3 + HCl
1.6 Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca cc hirocacbon trong mi trng hp sau :
a. Ankan A c t khi hi so vi H2 bng 36.
Dt CTTQ ca ankan A: Cn H 2 n + 2 (vi n>0)
MA
d A/ H 2 =
M A = M H 2 .d A/ H 2 =2.36=72=14n+2n=2
MH2
CTPT ca A: C5H12
CTCT: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 pentan
CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3 2-metylbutan (isopentan)
CH3-C(CH3)2-CH3 2,2 dimetylpropan (neopentan)
6
= 0.2 mol
30
8.8
= 44 =14n+2n=3
0, 2
CTPT ca D: C3H6
CTCT ca D: CH3-CH2-CH3
1.7 Xc nh cng thc phn t v vit cng thc cu to ca cc hirocacbon trong mi trng hp sau :
a. t chy hon ton 1 lt ankan A sinh ra 3 lt CO2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin.
Dt CTTQ ca ankan A: Cn H 2 n + 2
MD =
Cn H 2 n + 2 +
1l
1 n
= n=3
1 3
CTPT ca A: C3H6
CTCT ca A: CH3-CH2-CH3
b. t chy hon ton 1 ankan B vi lng O2 va th thy tng s mol cc cht trc phn ng bng tng s
mol cc cht sau phn ng.
Dt CTTQ ca ankan A: Cn H 2 n + 2
Ta c :
Cn H 2 n + 2 +
17, 6
= 0, 4 mol
44
Cn H 2 n + 2 +
0.6
n
n +1
=
n=2
0, 4 0.6
CTPT ca Y: C2H6
CTCT ca Y: CH3-CH3
e. t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon Z thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l Vco2 :Vhi nc = 3 : 4.
V nH 2O > nCO2 hirocacbon Z l ankan
Ta c:
Dt CTTQ ca ankan Z: Cn H 2 n + 2
Cn H 2 n + 2 + (3n+ 1) /2 O2
nCO2 + (n + 1)H2O
3
n n +1
=
n=3
3
4
CTPT ca Y: C3H8
CTCT ca Y: CH3-CH2- CH3
1.8 t chy hon ton 7,4 gam hn hp X gm etan v propan. Cho ton b sn phm chy vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d sau phn ng thy khi lng bnh ng Ca(OH)2 tng ln 34,6 gam.
Tnh % khi lng mi kh trong hn hp X v dX/H2 = ?
C2 H 6 x mol + O2
Ca ( OH )2 du
7, 4 g hhX
sp (CO2 + H 2O)
mC2 H 6 .100
mhh
........100
= ..........
7, 4
mhhX
7, 4
7, 4
=
=
= .........
nhhX
x + y .... + .....
%mC3 H8 =
d X / H2 =
mC3 H8 .100
mhh
........100
=...........
7, 4
M X ........
=
=
M H2
2
1.9. t chy hon ton a gam hn hp gm etan v butan. Cho ton b sn phm chy ln lt qua bnh I ng
dd H2SO4 v bnh II ng dd Ca(OH)2 d. Sau th nghim thy khi lng bnh I tng 7,2 gam v bnh II c
30 gam kt ta. Tnh % khi lng v % theo s mol mi kh trong hn hp ban u.
H 2 SO4 dac
bnh I t ng 7, m
2 g= H 2O
C3 H 8 x mol + O2
a g hhX
sp (CO2 + H 2O) Ca ( OH ) du
2
bnh II c 30 g =mCaCO3 = mCO2
C4 H10 y mol
mCaCO3 ......
mH 2O ......
nH 2O =
=
= ....
nCO 2 = nCaCO3 =
=
=
18
.......
18
.......
nCO2 = 3x + 4 y = .....
ta c h pt:
1.11 a) Hn hp X gm hai ankan c dX/H2 = 11,5. Xc nh hai ankan ni trn v tnh % theo th tch ca hh X.
Bit hai ankan l lin tip trong dy ng ng.
* t CT chung hhX l: Cn H 2 n + 2
d X / H2 =
MX
M X = d X / H 2 .M H 2 = 11,5.2 = 23 = 14n + 2 n = 1.5
M H2
nCH 4
nC2 H6
2 n 0,5 1
=
=
n 1 0,5 1
%VCH 4 = 50%
%VC2 H6 = 50%
nC4 H10
nC5 H12
5 n 0, 4
=
%VC H = 40%
4 10
n 4 0, 6
nCH 4 2 n 0, 4
=
=
%VCH = 40%
4
nC2 H6 n 1 0, 6
%VC2 H 6 = 60%
1.12. t chy hon ton 19,8 gam hn hp X gm hai ankan sau phn ng thu c 57,2 gam CO2.
a. Tnh khi lng nc to thnh v s mol O2 phn ng.
b. Nu 2 ankan trn l ng ng lin tip. Hy xc nh 2 ankan v tnh % theo khi lng mi ankan.
mCO2
57, 2
mC =
.12 =
.12 = 15.6 g
44
44
mH = 19,8 15, 6 = 4, 2 g nH = 4.2 mol
nH = nH 2O .2 = 4, 2 nH 2O = 2,1mol mH 2O = 2,1.18 = 37,8
mhhX + mO2 = mCO2 + mH 2O mO2 = 57, 2 + 37,8 19,8 = 75.2 g
* t CT chung hn hp 2 ankan th kh l: Cn H 2 n + 2
Cn H 2 n + 2 +
3n + 1
O2
2
nCO2
( n + 1) H 2O
1,3
2.1
n n +1
=
n = 1.25
1,3 2.1
Vy 2 ankan ng ng lin tip l CH4 v C2H6
nCH 4 2 n 0, 75
=
=
%VCH = 75% %VC2 H 6 = 25%
4
nC2 H6 n 1 0, 25
Ta c:
1.13. t chy V(lt) hn hp hai ankan k tip trong dy ng ng. Dn sn phm ln lt qua bnh 1 ng
CaCl2 khan ri bnh 2 ng dung dch KOH. Sau th nghim khi lng bnh 1 tng 6,43gam v bnh 2 tng
9,82 gam.
a. Lp cng thc hai ankan.
b. Tnh % theo s mol cc ankan trong hn hp, tnh V (kc).
CaCl2 khan
bnh 1 t ng 6, 43gam=
m
Cn H 2 n + 2
H 2O
+ O2
V (l ) hhX
nCO2 =
9,82
= 0, 223 mol
44
nCO2
0,223
( n + 1) H 2O
0,357
n
n +1
=
n = 1, 67
0.223 0,357
Vy 2 ankan ng ng lin tip l CH4 v C2H6
nCH 4 2 n 0, 23
=
=
% nCH = 0.23 mol % nC2 H 6 = 0, 67 mol
4
nC2 H6 n 1 0, 67
Ta c:
1.14. t chy 20,4 gam mt hn hp 2 hirocacbon no mch h cn dng 51,52 lt oxi (ktc).
a. Tnh th tch kh CO2 (ktc) v khi lng nc to thnh.
b. Xc nh ctpt v tnh % theo th tch mi hirocacbon trong hh. Bit 2 hirocacbon u l cht kh iu kin
thng.
1.15. Khi brom ha 22 gam propan ngi ta thu c 33,948 gam isopropyl bromua v 2,952 gam n-propyl
bromua. Tnh hiu sut tng sn phm v hiu sut chung ca phn ng.
1.16. t chy hon ton 29,2 gam hn hp 2 ankan k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Hp th ton b sn phm
vo bnh Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng bnh tng 134,8 gam. Tnh khi lng CO2 v H2O to thnh v tm ctpt
ca 2 ankan.
1.17. Hn hp X gm ankan A v B c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 28 (.v.C). t chy hon ton m(g) hh
X cho hn hp sn phm kh v hi sau phn ng i qua bnh 1 ng dung dch H 2SO4 v bnh 2 ng dung
dch KOH th khi lng bnh 1 tng m1(g) v bnh 2 tng m2(g).
a. Nu m1 = 25,2 v m2 = 44. Xc nh cng thc phn t v % theo s mol ca A, B trong hh X, tnh m?