Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin

B
h
a
b
c
a
a
a
B
h
CHUYN : PHNG PHP LUYN TP
TH TCH KHI A DIN


N TP 3 KIN THC C BN HNH HC LP 12

A. TH TCH KHI A DIN
I/ Cc cng thc th tch ca khi a din:

1. TH TCH KHI LNG
TR:
V= B.h
vi
B : d i e n t c h a y
h : c h i e u c a o

a) Th tch khi hp ch nht:
V = a.b.c
vi a,b,c l ba kch thc

b) Th tch khi lp phng:
V = a
3

vi a l di cnh






2. TH TCH KHI CHP:
V=
1
3
Bh
vi
B: dien tch ay
h : chie u cao

3. T S TH TCH T
DIN:
Cho khi t din SABC v A,
B, C l cc im ty ln lt
thuc SA, SB, SC ta c:


SABC
SA ' B' C '
V
SA SB SC
V SA ' SB' SC'
=


C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
S

4. TH TCH KHI CHP CT:
( )
h
V B B' BB'
3
= + +

vi
B, B' : dien tch hai ay
h : chieu cao

B A
C
A'
B'
C'


Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
a
3a
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
II/ Bi tp:

LOI 1: TH TCH LNG TR

1) Dng 1: Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y

V d 1: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung
cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B = 3a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.







a 2

Li gii:
Ta c
ABC V vung cn ti A nn AB = AC = a
ABC A'B'C' l lng tr ng AA' AB
2 2 2 2
AA' B AA' A' B AB 8a = = V
AA' 2a 2 =
Vy V = B.h = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 2

V d 2: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v
ng cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ny.
5a
4a
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn
BD
2
= BD'
2
- DD'
2
= 9a
2
BD 3a =
ABCD l hnh vung
3a
AB
2
=
Suy ra B = S
ABCD
=
2
9a
4

Vy V = B.h = S
ABCD
.AA' = 9a
3

V d 3: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh
a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.

A'
C'
B'
A
B
C
I

Li gii:
Gi I l trung im BC .Ta c
VABC u nn

AB 3
3 &
2
AI 2 AI BC
A' I BC(dl3 )
= =


A'BC
A'BC
2S 1
S BC.A' I A' I 4
2 BC
= = =
AA' (ABC) AA' AI .
2 2
A' AI AA' A' I AI 2 = = V
Vy : V
ABC.ABC
= S
ABC
.AA'= 8 3

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
A'
D
B'
C'
A'
C
D'
C'
B' B
D'
A
60
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A
o
60
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
V d 4: Mt tm ba hnh vung c cnh 44 cm, ngi ta ct b i mi gc
tm ba mt hnh vung cnh 12 cm ri gp li thnh mt ci hp ch nht
khng c np. Tnh th tch ci hp ny.

D'
A'
C'
B'
D
A
C
B

Gii
Theo bi, ta c
AA' = BB' = CC' = DD' = 12 cm
nn ABCD l hnh vung c
AB = 44 cm - 24 cm = 20 cm
v chiu cao hp h = 12 cm
Vy th tch hp l
V = S
ABCD
.h = 4800cm
3


V d 5: Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng
60
0
ng cho ln ca y bng ng cho nh ca lng tr.
Tnh th tch hnh hp .

Li gii:
Ta c tam gic ABD u nn : BD = a
v S
ABCD
= 2S
ABD
=
2
a 3
2

Theo bi BD' = AC =
a 3
2 a 3
2
=
2 2
DD' B DD' BD' BD a 2 = = V
Vy V = S
ABCD
.DD' =
3
a 6
2

2)Dng 2: Lng tr ng c gc gia ng thng v mt phng.

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
0
.
Tnh th tch lng tr.

Li gii:
Ta c A' A (ABC) A' A AB&AB l
hnh chiu ca A'B trn y ABC .
Vy
o
gc[A' B, (ABC)] ABA' 60 = =
0
ABA' AA' AB.tan60 a 3 = = V
S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 2
=
Vy V = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 3
2


Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin

V d 2: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
vung ti A vi AC = a ,

ACB= 60
o
bit BC' hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 30
0
.
Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr.
a
o
60
o
30
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A

Li gii:
o
a 3 ABC AB AC.tan60 = = V .
Ta c:
AB AC;AB AA' AB (AA' C' C)
nn AC' l hnh chiu ca BC' trn (AA'C'C).
Vy gc[BC';(AA"C"C)] =

BC' A = 30
o

o
AB
AC' B AC' 3a
t an30
= = V
V =B.h = S
ABC
.AA'
2 2
AA' C' AA' AC' A' C' 2a 2 = = V
ABC V l na tam gic u nn
2
ABC
a 3
S
2
=
Vy V =
3
a 6

V d 3: Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a
v ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30
0
.
Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr .

o
30
a
D'
C'
A'
B'
D
C B
A

Gii:
Ta c ABCD A'B'C'D' l lng tr ng nn ta
c: DD' (ABCD) DD' BD v BD l hnh
chiu ca BD' trn ABCD .
Vy gc [BD';(ABCD)] =
0
DBD' 30 =
0
a 6
BDD' DD' BD.tan30
3
= = V
Vy V = S
ABCD
.DD' =
3
a 6
3
S = 4S
ADD'A'
=
2
4a 6
3

V d 4: Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh
a v

BAD = 60
o
bit AB' hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.


a
o
30
o
60
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Gii
ABD V u cnh a
2
ABD
a 3
S
4
=
2
ABCD ABD
a 3
S 2S
2
= =
ABB' V vung tiB
o
BB' ABt an30 a 3 = =
Vy
3
ABCD
3a
V B.h S .BB'
2
= = =

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
3) Dng 3: Lng tr ng c gc gia 2 mt phng

V d 1: Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc
60
0
.Tnh th tch lng tr.
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A
o
60

Li gii:
Ta c A' A (ABC) &BC AB BC A' B
Vy
o
gc[(A' BC),(ABC)] ABA' 60 = =
0
ABA' AA' AB.tan60 a 3 = = V
S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 2
=
Vy V = S
ABC
.AA' =
3
a 3
2


V d 2: y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u . Mt
(ABC) to vi y mt gc 30
0
v din tch tam gic ABC bng 8.
Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
x
o
30
I
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A

Gii: ABC V u AI BC m AA' (ABC)
nn A'I BC (l 3 ).
Vy gc[(A'BC);)ABC)] =

A' IA = 30
o
Gi s BI = x
3
2
3 2
x
x
AI = =
.Ta c
x
x AI
AI I A AI A 2
3
3 2
3
2
30 cos : ' : '
0
= = = = A

AA = AI.tan 30
0
=
x x =
3
3
. 3

Vy V
ABC.ABC
= CI.AI.AA = x
3
3
M S
ABC
= BI.AI = x.2x = 8 2 = x
Do V
ABC.ABC
= 8 3

V d 3: Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt phng
(BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.



Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
a
0
60
O
A'
D'
B'
C'
C
A
D
B

Gi O l tm ca ABCD . Ta c
ABCD l hnh vung nnOC BD
CC' (ABCD) nn OC' BD (l 3). Vy
gc[(BDC');(ABCD)] =

COC' = 60
o

Ta c V = B.h = S
ABCD
.CC'
ABCD l hnh vung nn S
ABCD
= a
2

OCC' V vung nn CC' = OC.tan60
o
=
a 6
2

Vy V =
3
a 6
2


V d 4: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng
(A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60
o
v A'C hp vi y (ABCD) mt
gc 30
o
.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.


2a
o
30
o
60
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Ta c AA' (ABCD) AC l hnh chiu
ca A'C trn (ABCD) .
Vy gc[A'C,(ABCD)] =
o
A' CA 30 =
BC AB BC A'B (l 3) .
Vy gc[(A'BC),(ABCD)] =
o
A' BA 60 =
A' AC V AC = AA'.cot30
o
= 2a 3
A' AB V AB = AA'.cot60
o
=
2a 3
3

2 2
4a 6
ABC BC AC AB
3
= = V
Vy V = AB.BC.AA' =
3
16a 2
3


4) Dng 4: Khi lng tr xin

V d 1: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a , bit cnh bn l a 3 v hp vi y ABC mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch lng tr.

H
o
60
a
B'
A'
C'
C
B
A

Li gii:
Ta c C' H (ABC) CH l hnh chiu
ca CC' trn (ABC)
Vy
o
gc[CC', (ABC)] C' CH 60 = =
0
3a
CHC' C' H CC'.sin60
2
= = V
S
ABC
=
2
3 a
4
= .Vy V = S
ABC
.C'H =
3
3a 3
8



Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin

V d 2: Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic
u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l tm O ng trn ngoi tip
tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .
1) Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
2) Tnh th tch lng tr .


H
O
o
60
C'
A
a
B'
A'
C
B

Li gii:
1) Ta c A' O (ABC) OA l hnh
chiu ca AA' trn (ABC)
Vy
o
gc[AA', (ABC)] OAA' 60 = =
Ta c BB'CC' l hnh bnh hnh ( v mt
bn ca lng tr)
AO BC ti trung im H ca BC nn
BC A' H (l 3 )
BC (AA' H) BC AA' m AA'//BB'
nn BC BB' .Vy BB'CC' l hnh ch nht.
2) ABC V u nn
2 2 a 3 a 3
AO AH
3 3 2 3
= = =
o
AOA' A' O AOt an60 a = = V
Vy V = S
ABC
.A'O =
3
a 3
4

V d 3: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi
AB = 3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v (ADDA) ln lt to vi y
nhng gc 45
0
v 60
0.
.

Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1.

H
N
M
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A




Li gii:
K AH ) ( ABCD ,HM AD HN AB ,
AD N A AB M A ' , ' (l 3)
o o
A' MH 45 ,A' NH 60 = =
t AH = x . Khi
AN = x : sin 60
0
=
3
2x

AN =
HM
x
N A AA =

=
3
4 3
' '
2
2 2

M HM = x.cot 45
0
= x
Ngha l x =
7
3
3
4 3
2
=

x
x

Vy V
ABCD.ABCD
= AB.AD.x
=
3
3. 7. 3
7
=


Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
LOI 2: TH TCH KHI CHP

1) Dng 1: Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt (ABC)
v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh th tch hnh chp .


_
\
/
/
a
B
S
C
A

Li gii:
Ta c

(ABC) (SBC)
(ASC) (SBC)

AC (SBC)
Do
2 3
SBC
1 1 a 3 a 3
V S .AC a
3 3 4 12
= = =

V d 2: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi
AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
1) Chng minh cc mt bn l tam gic vung .
2)Tnh th tch hnh chp .


a
o
60
S
C
B
A

Li gii:
1) SA (ABC) SA AB&SA AC
m BC AB BC SB ( l 3 ).
Vy cc mt bn chp l tam gic vung.
2) Ta cSA (ABC) AB l hnh chiu
ca SB trn (ABC).
Vy gc[SB,(ABC)] =
o
SAB 60 = .
ABC V vung cn nn BA = BC =
a
2

S
ABC
=
2
1 a
BA.BC
2 4
=
o
a 6
SAB SA AB.t an60
2
= = V
Vy
2 3
ABC
1 1 a a 6 a 6
V S .SA
3 3 4 2 24
= = =

V d 3: Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA
vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp .



Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
a
o
60
M
C
B
A
S

Li gii: Ml trung im ca BC,v tam gic
ABC u nn AM BCSABC (l3) .
Vy gc[(SBC);(ABC)] =
o
SMA 60 = .
Ta c V =
ABC
1 1
B.h S .SA
3 3
=
o
3a
SAM SA AMtan60
2
= = V
Vy V =
3
ABC
1 1 a 3
B.h S .SA
3 3 8
= =
V d 4: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v SA
vung gc y ABCD v mt bn (SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
1) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).


H
a
D
C
B
A
S
o
60

Li gii: 1)Ta c SA (ABC) v
CD AD CD SD ( l 3 ).(1)
Vy gc[(SCD),(ABCD)] =

SDA = 60
o
.
SAD V vung nn SA = AD.tan60
o
= a 3
Vy
2
3
ABCD
a
1 1 a 3
V S .SA a 3
3 3 3
= = =
2) Ta dng AH SD ,v CD(SAD) (do (1) )
nn CD AH AH (SCD)
Vy AH l khong cch t A n (SCD).
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 4
SAD
AH SA AD 3a a 3a
= + = + = V
Vy AH =
a 3
2

2) Dng 2 : Khi chp c mt mt bn vung gc vi y

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a
Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt phng vung gc vi yABCD,
1) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

a
H
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
1) Gi H l trung im ca AB.
SAB V u SH AB
m (SAB) (ABCD) SH (ABCD)
Vy H l chn ng cao ca khi chp.
2) Ta c tam gic SAB u nn SA =
a 3
2

suy ra
3
ABCD
1 a 3
V S .SH
3 6
= =

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin

V d 2: Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic vung
cn ti D , (ABC) (BCD) v AD hp vi (BCD) mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
o
60
a
H
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
Gi H l trung im ca BC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn AH (BCD) ,
m (ABC) (BCD) AH (BCD) .
Ta c AHHDAH = AD.tan60
o
=a 3
& HD = AD.cot60
o
=
a 3
3

BCD V BC = 2HD =
2a 3
3
suy ra
V =
3
BCD
1 1 1 a 3
S .AH . BC.HD.AH
3 3 2 9
= =

V d 3: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c
BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y, cc mt bn cn li u to vi mt
y mt gc 45
0
.
a) Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AC.
b) Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.
45
I
J
H
A
C
B
S Li gii:
a) K SH BC v mp(SAC) mp(ABC) nn
SHmp(ABC).
Gi I, J l hnh chiu ca H trn AB v BC
SI AB, SJ BC, theo gi thit
o
SIH SJH 45 = =
Ta c: HJ HI SHJ SHI = A = A nn BH l
ng phn gic ca ABC V suy ra H l trung
im ca AC.
b) HI = HJ = SH =
2
a
V
SABC
=
12
.
3
1
3
a
SH S
ABC
=















Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
3) Dng 3 : Khi chp u

V d 1: Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a.
Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t S ca hnh chp l tm ca tam gic
u ABC.Tnh th tch chp u SABC .


a
2a
H
O
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
Dng SO (ABC) Ta c SA = SB = SC
suy ra OA = OB = OC
Vy O l tm ca tam gic u ABC.
Ta c tam gic ABC u nn
AO =
2 2 a 3 a 3
AH
3 3 2 3
= =
2
2 2 2
11a
SAO SO SA OA
3
= = V
a 11
SO
3
= .Vy
3
ABC
1 a 11
V S .SO
3 12
= =

V d 2:Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a .
1) Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.
2) Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.


a
O
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
Dng SO (ABCD)
Ta c SA = SB = SC = SD nn
OA = OB = OC = ODABCD l
hnh thoi c ng trn gnoi tip
nn ABCD l hnh vung .
Ta c SA
2
+ SB
2
= AB
2
+BC
2
= AC
2

nn ASC V vung ti S
2
2
a
OS =

3
2
1 1 2 2
.
3 3 2 6
ABCD
a a
V S SO a = = =
Vy
3
a 2
V
6
=

V d 3: Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD.
b)Tnh khong cch t M n mp(ABC).Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC.






Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin

a
I
H
O
M
C
B
A
D

Li gii:
a) Gi O l tm ca ABC A ( ) DO ABC

1
.
3
ABC
V S DO =


2
3
4
ABC
a
S =
,
2 3
3 3
a
OC CI = =


2 2
: DOC vu ng c DO DC OC A =
6
3
a
=


2 3
1 3 6 2
.
3 4 3 12
a a a
V = =

b) K MH// DO, khong cch t M n
mp(ABC) l MH

1 6
2 6
a
MH DO = =

2 3
1 1 3 6 2
. .
3 3 4 6 24
MABC ABC
a a a
V S MH = = =
Vy
3
a 2
V
24
=
Bi tp tng t:
Bi 1: Cho hnh chp u SABC c cnh bn bng a hp vi y ABC mt gc
60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
3a
V
16
=
Bi 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh bn a, gc y ca mt bn
l 45
o
.
1) Tnh di chiu cao SH ca chp SABC . s: SH =
a
3

2) Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC. s:
3
a
V
6
=
Bi 3: Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh y a v mt bn hp vi y
mt gc 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC. s:
3
a 3
V
24
=
Bi 4 : Cho chp tam gic u c ng cao h hp vi mt mt bn mt gc 30
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
h 3
V
3
=
Bi 5 : Cho hnh chp tam gic u c ng cao h v mt bn c gc nh
bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
h 3
V
8
=
Bi 6 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cnh y a v
o
ASB 60 = .
1) Tnh tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh chp u. s:
2
a 3
S
3
=
2) Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
a 2
V
6
=

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
Bi 7 : Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c chiu cao h ,gc nh ca mt bn
bng 60
o
. Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
2h
V
3
=
Bi 8: Cho hnh chp t gic u c mt bn hp vi y mt gc 45
o
v khong
cch t chn ng cao ca chp n mt bn bng a.
Tnh th tch hnh chp . s:
3
8a 3
V
3
=
Bi 9: Cho hnh chp t gic u c cnh bn bng a hp vi y mt gc 60
o
.
Tnh th tch hnh chp. s:
3
a 3
V
12
=
Bi 10: Cho hnh chp SABCD c tt c cc cnh bng nhau. Chng minh rng
SABCD l chp t gic u.Tnh cnh ca hnh chp ny khi th tch ca
n bng
3
9a 2
V
2
= . s: AB = 3a
4) Dng 4 : Khi chp & phng php t s th tch

V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B,
2 AC a =
,
SA vung gc vi y ABC , SA a =
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC.
2) Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng (o ) qua AG v song song
vi BC ct SC, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.AMN


G
M
N
I
C
B
A
S






Li gii:
a)Ta c: .
1
.
3
S ABC ABC
V S SA =
v SA a =
+ : 2 ABCc n c AC a AB a A = =
2
1
2
ABC
S a =
Vy:
3
2
1 1
. .
3 2 6
SABC
a
V a a = =

b) Gi I l trung im BC.
G l trng tm,ta c :
2
3
SG
SI
=

o // BC MN// BC
2
3
SM SN SG
SB SC SI
= = =


4
.
9
SAMN
SABC
V SM SN
V SB SC
= =

Vy:
3
4 2
9 27
SAMN SABC
a
V V = =






Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin

V d 2: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v AB a = . Trn ng thng qua C
v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ly im D sao cho CD a = . Mt phng qua
C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din ABCD.
b) Chng minh ( ) CE ABD
c) Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.

a
a
F
E
B
A
C
D






Li gii:
a)Tnh
ABCD
V
:
3
ABCD ABC
1 a
V S .CD
3 6
= =
b)Tac:
, AB AC AB CD ( ) AB ACD
AB EC
Ta c: DB EC ( ) EC ABD
c) Tnh
EF DC
V
:Ta c:
. (*)
DCEF
DABC
V DE DF
V DA DB
=

M
2
. DE DA DC = , chia cho
2
DA

2 2
2 2
1
2 2
DE DC a
DA DA a
= = =

Tng t:
2 2
2 2 2
1
3
DF DC a
DB DB DC CB
= = =
+

T(*)
1
6
DCEF
DABC
V
V
=
.Vy
3
1
6 36
DCEF ABCD
a
V V = =


V d 3: Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng ) (o qua A, B v
trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch ca hai phn khi chp b phn chia
bi mt phng .

N
S
O
M
B
D
C
A

Li gii:
K MN // CD (N ) SD e th hnh thang ABMN
l thit din ca khi chp khi ct bi mt
phng (ABM).
+
SABCD SADB SANB
SADB
SAND
V V V
SD
SN
V
V
4
1
2
1
2
1
= = = =
SABCD SBCD SBMN
SBCD
SBMN
V V V
SD
SN
SC
SM
V
V
8
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
.
2
1
. = = = = =
M V
SABMN
= V
SANB
+ V
SBMN
=
SABCD
V
8
3
.
Suy ra V
ABMN.ABCD
=
SABCD
V
8
5

Do :
5
3
.
=
ABCD ABMN
SABMN
V
V



Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
I
O
A
B
C
D
S
E
F
M

V d 4: Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn
to vi y gc 60
o
. Gi M l trung im SC. Mt phng i qua AM v song
song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F.
a) Hy xc nh mp(AEMF)
b) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.AEMF
d)











Li gii:
a) Gi I SO AM = . Ta c (AEMF) //BD
EF // BD
b) . D D
1
.
3
S ABC ABC
V S SO =
vi
2
D ABC
S a =

+ SOA V c :
6
. tan 60
2
a
SO AO
o
= =

Vy :
3
. D
6
6
S ABC
a
V =

c) Phn chia chp t gic ta c
. EMF S A
V
= V
SAMF
+ V
SAME
=2V
SAMF

. S ABCD
V
= 2V
SACD
= 2 V
SABC

Xt khi chp S.AMF v S.ACD
Ta c :
1
2
SM
SC
=

SAC A c trng tm I, EF // BD nn:

2
3
SI SF
SO SD
= =
D
1
.
3
SAMF
SAC
V SM SF
V SC SD
= =

3
D D
1 1 6
3 6 36
SAMF SAC SAC
a
V V V = = =
3 3
. EMF
6 6
2
36 18
S A
a a
V = =


V d 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung
gc y, 2 SA a = . Gi B, D l hnh chiu ca A ln lt ln SB, SD. Mt
phng (ABD) ct SC ti C.
a) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
b) Chng minh ( ' ') SC AB D
c) Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD



Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
A
S
I
O
D
B
C
C'
D'
B'















Li gii:
a) Ta c:
3
.
1 2
.
3 3
S ABCD ABCD
a
V S SA = =

b) Ta c ( ) ' BC SAB BC AB
& ' SB AB Suy ra: ' ( ) AB SBC
nn AB' SC .Tng t AD' SC.
Vy SC (AB'D')
c) Tnh
. ' ' ' S AB C D
V

+Tnh
. ' ' S AB C
V
: Ta c:
' '
' '
. (*)
SAB C
SABC
V SB SC
V SB SC
=

SAC A vung cn nn
' 1
2
S C
S C
=

Ta c:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
' 2 2 2
3 3
SB SA a a
SB SB SA AB a
= = = =
+

T
' '
1
(*)
3
SAB C
SABC
V
V
=


3 3
' '
1 2 2
.
3 3 9
SAB C
a a
V = =

+
3
. ' ' ' . ' '
2 2
2
9
S AB C D S AB C
a
V V = =

5) Dng 5 : n tp khi chp v lng tr
V d 1: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA vung
gc y. Gc gia SC v y bng 60
o
v M l trung im ca SB.
1) Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD.
2) Tnh th tch ca khi chp MBCD.


.
2a
o
60
H
D
C
B
A
S

Li gii:
a)Ta c
1
.
3
ABCD
V S SA =

+
2 2
(2 ) 4
ABCD
S a a = =
+ : tan 2 6 SAC c SA AC C a A = =
3
2
1 8 6
4 .2 6
3 3
a
V a a = =

b) K / / ( ) MH SA MH DBC
Ta c:
1
2
MH SA = ,
1
2
BCD ABCD
S S =


3
D
1 2 6
4 3
MBC
a
V V = =


Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin
V d 2: Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c AB = 5a, BC = 6a, CA = 7a. Cc mt
bn SAB, SBC, SCA to vi y mt gc 60
o
.Tnh th tch khi chp.

60
A
C
B
H
S
F E
J


Li gii:
H SH ) ( ABC , k HEAB, HFBC, HJ AC
suy ra SEAB, SFBC, SJ AC . Ta c
O
SEH SFH SJH 60 = = =
SJH SFH SAH A = A = A nn HE =HF = HJ = r
( r l bn knh ng trn ngai tip ABC A )
Ta c S
ABC
= ) )( )( ( c p b p a p p
vi p =
a
c b a
9
2
=
+ +
Nn S
ABC
=
2
2 . 3 . 4 . 9 a
Mt khc S
ABC
= p.r
3
6 2 a
p
S
r = =

Tam gic vung SHE:
SH = r.tan 60
0
=
a
a
2 2 3 .
3
6 2
=

Vy V
SABC
=
3 2
3 8 2 2 . 6 6
3
1
a a a =
.
V d 3: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.ABCD c 3 AB a = , AD = a,
AA = a, O l giao im ca AC v BD.
a) Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht, khi chp OABCD
b) Tnh th tch khi OBBC.
c) Tnh di ng cao nh C ca t din OBBC.

M
O
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B A







Li gii:
a) Gi th tch khi hp ch nht l V.
Ta c : . D.AA' V AB A =
2 3
3. 3 a a a = =

2 2
: 2 ABD c DB AB AD a A = + =
* Khi OABCD c y v ng cao
ging khi hp nn:
3
' ' ' '
1 3
3 3
OA B C D
a
V V = =

b) M l trung im BC
( ' ') OM BBC

2 3
' ' ' '
1 1 3 3
. . .
3 3 2 2 12
OBB C BB C
a a a
V S OM = = =

c) Gi CH l ng cao nh C ca t
din OBBC. Ta c :
' '
'
3
'
OBB C
OBB
V
C H
S
=


2 2
: 2 ABD c DB AB AD a A = + =

2
'
1
2
OBB
S a =
' 2a 3 C H =

Chuyn :Luyn tp Hnh Hc Khng Gian GV: L Minh Tin

V d 4: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCDc cnh bng a.
Tnh th tch khi t din ACBD.





a
D'
C'
B'
A'
D
C
B
A

Li gii:
Hnh lp phng c chia thnh: khi
ACBD v bn khi CBDC, BBAC,
DACD, ABAD.
+Cc khi CBDC, BBAC, DACD,
ABAD c din tch y v chiu cao
bng nhau nn c cng th tch.
Khi CBDC c
2 3
1
1 1 1
. .
3 2 6
V a a a = =

+Khi lp phng c th tch:
3
2
V a =


3 3 3
' '
1 1
4.
6 3
ACB D
V a a a = =

V d 5: Cho hnh lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh bng a.
a) Tnh th tch khi t din AB BC.
b) E l trung im cnh AC, mp(ABE) ct BC ti F. Tnh th tch khi
CABFE.

J
I F
E
C'
B'
A'
C
B
A



Li gii:
a) Khi AB BC:Gi I l trung im AB,
' ' ' '
1
.
3
A B BC A B B
V S CI =
2 3
1 3 3
.
3 2 2 12
a a a
= =

b)Khi CABFE: phn ra hai khi CEFA
v CFAB.
+Khi ACEFc y l CEF, ng cao
AA nn ' EF EF
1
. '
3
A C C
V S A A =


2
EF
1 3
4 16
C ABC
a
S S = =
3
' EF
3
48
A C
a
V =

+Gi J l trung im BC. Ta c khi ABCF c
y l CFB, ng cao JA nn
' ' F FB'
1
. '
3
A B C C
V S A J =
2
FB' '
1
2 4
C CBB
a
S S = =


2 3
' ' F
1 3 3
3 4 2 24
A B C
a a a
V = =

+ Vy :
3
A'B'FE
3
16
C
a
V =