I.

Ankan
1. P chy: t chy m(g) Hidrocacbon-> a (mol) nc v b( mol) CO2 a>b => ankan => nankan = a-b. mankan= 12a + 2b. 2. Bt Cracking ankan: Cracking m(g) ankan X to hn hp sn phm Y th: mankan = my nhh kh spu = 2nankan pu + nankan d Trong hh kh sau p c anken => naken = nankan p = nBrom p

II.

Anken
1. Bt p cng: Cho m(g) hh X gm anken (CnH2n) v H2 qua Ni,t0 to hh Y th: mx = m Y nX - ny = nHidro p = nankan p 2. P vi dd brom: nBrom p = nanken

III.

Ankadien
Cho m(g) hh X gm ankIn (CnH2n-2) v H2 qua Ni,t0 to hh Y th: mx = m Y nnc - nCO2 = nankadien nX - ny = nHidro p = 2nankadien p

IV.

Ankin
Bt p vi dd AgNO3 trong NH3: Ch ankin c ni ba u mch mi p Nu c mt ni ba u mch th: nankin = nAg (kt ta) Nu c x ni ba u mch th: x.nankin = nAg( kt ta) Nu l Axetilen (C2H2) th: nC2H2 = 2.nAg( kt ta)

V.

Hidrocacbon thm
t chy m(g) HC thm th: nnc n co2 = 3.nankin

VI.

Ancol
1. Bt p vi Na: R(OH)n + nNa -> R(ONa)n + 0,5H2 2.nH2 = n(OH) trong ancol = nNa p Nu l ancol n chc th: 2.nH2 = nancol Tnh S nhm OH = 2nH2 / nancol

2. Bt p vi Cu(OH)2 Ch c ancol c 2 nhm OH gn trn 2 C lin k nhau mi p 2.nancol = nCu(OH)2 mancol + mNa b = mrn sau p + mH2 Dng tng, gim KL: c 1 mol ancol td vi Na th khi lng sau p tng 22g Tng x (g) th s mol ru =? 3. Bt to ete (un hh ru 140oC) 2ROH ->ROR + H2O un n ru 1400C th s ete ti a to ra l: C2n + n mru = mete + mnc nu l ru n chc th: nru = 2.nH2 nnc = 0,5nru 4. Bt to anken ( un hh ru 1700C) Bo ton khi lng, BT nguyn t. Nu l un hh ru X to hh sn phm Y th: MX < MY => MX = MY 18. nY = nH2O = nancol MX > MY => SP l anken MX = MY + 18. nanken = nH2O = nancol p ( ancol n h) 5. Bt p chy ca ancol: Ancol no, h: CnH2n+2Ox + (3n +1-x)/2 O2 -> nCO2 + (n+1)H2O nH2O - nCO2 = nancol BTKL: mancol + mH2O = mCO2 + mH2O mancol = mC + mH + mO BTNT: nO/ancol + nO/O2 = nO/CO2 + nO/H2O

VII.

Phenol
1. Bt p vi dd Brom: nkt ta = nphenol = 3.nBrom 1 mol phenol p vi nc Brom th sau p khi lng tng 237g Tng x(g) th s mol phenol la? 2. Bt p vi HNO3: naxit picric = nphenol = 3.nHNO3

VIII. Andehit-xetol
1. Bt td viAgNO3: a (mol) Adh + AgNO3 -> kt ta b(mol) Ag nu t l a:b =1:2 th adh l n chc

nu t l a;b = 1:4 th adh l adh fomic (HCHO) hoc adh nh chc. adh c n gc CHO th to ra 2n Ag

BI TP V D: Cu 1: Khi tin hnh cracking 22,4 lt kh C4H10 thu c hh A gm CH4 , C2H6, C2H4, C3H6, C4H8, H2 v C4H10 d. t chy hon ton A thu c x(g) CO2 v y(g) H2O. Ga tr x v y l? (176 v 90) Cu 2: Cracking 40 lt butan thu c 56 lt hh A gm nhiu sn phm. Ga s ch c p to cc sn phm trn. Hiu sut ca p to hh A l? (40%) Cu 3: cracking m(g) butan thu c hh A gm cc cht. t chy hon ton A thu c 9(g) H2O v 17,6(g) CO2. Ga tr ca m la? (5.8) Cu 4: Cho 3,36 lt hh gm etan v etilen i chm qua dd Brom d. Sau p khi lng bnh Brom tng thm 2.8(g). S mol etan v etilen trong hh ln lt l? (0,05 v 0,1) Cu 5: Cho 3,15g hh 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng p va vi 100ml dd Brom 0,6 M. Cong thc ca hai anken v th tch ca chng l? (C3H6: 0,336 lt v C4H8: 1,008 lt) Cu 6: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so v He l 3,75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hh kh Y c t khi so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca p hidro ha l? (50%) Cu 7: Cho hh X gm etilen v H2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 4,25. Dn qua bt Ni nung nng( hiu sut = 75%) thu c hh Y. T khi ca Y vi H2 l? (5,23) Cu 8: Cho H2 v 1 olefin c th tch bng nhau qua Ni nung nng thu c hh A. bit t khi hi ca A vi H2 l 23,2. Hiu sut p l 75%. Cng thc phn t ca olefin la? (C4H8) Cu 9: t chy hon ton V lt hh X gm CH4, C4H10 v C2H2 thu c 6,6g CO2 v 3,6g H2O. Ga tr ca V l? (2,24) Cu 10: Mt hh A gm 2 hidrocacbon lin tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng. t 11,2 lt hh A thu c 57,2g CO2 v 23,4g nc. CTPT v khi lng 2 hidrocacbon la? (5,6g C2H4 v 12,6g C3H6) Cu 11: t chy hon ton m(g) benzen thu c 6,72 lt CO2 v 7,2g nc. Khi lng benzen l? (7,8g)

Cu 12: Cho 50ml cn 920 tc dng vi Na d thu c V lt kh H2 ktc. Bit dc2h5oh= 0,8g/ml. tnh V? (11,45) * ch : trong dd cn 920 c nc, nc cng td vi Na to ra hidro* Cu 13: Cho 1 lt ancol etilic 920 td hon ton vi Na d thu c th tch hidro l? Bit dc2h5oh= 0,8g/ml. (229 lt) Cu 14: Cho 15g hh ancol etilic v etilen glicol td va vi Nathu c 4,48 lt kh hidro v m(g) cht rn. Ga tr m l? (24,2) Cu 15: cho 100ml ancol etilic td ht vi Na thu c 42,56 lt hidro. ru l? Dc2h50h= 0,8g/ml. (460) Cu 16: Cho 13,8g ancol A td vi Na d thu c 5,04 lt hidro, bit MA < 100. CTCT thu gn ca A l? (C3H5(OH)3) Cu 17: hh X gm 2 an col C2H5OH v C3H7OH. em kh hon ton m(g) X 1700C. Kh thu c hp th ht vo bnh Brom thy c 48g Brom b mt mu v khi lng bnh tng ln 9,8g. Ga tr ca m l? (15,2g) Cu 18: hh X gm 2 olefin hp nc thu c hh Y gm 3 ancol. un hh Y vi H2SO4 1400 thu c hh Z gm 6 ete v 1,8g nc.H= 100%. Tng s mol 2 olefin ban u l? (0,2) Cu 19: un nng 132,8g hh 3 ancol n chc thu c hh gm cc ete c s mol bng nhau v c khi lng l 111,2g. S mol mi ete la? (0,2) Cu 20: un nng ancol etilic v propylic, s sn phm hu c ti a to ra l? *ch nhit * Cu 21: t chy m(g) hh ancol n chc c 1,32g CO2 v 0,675g nc.Ga tr ca m l? (0,555g) Cu 22: Chia hh X gm 2 ancol Z,Y l ng ng lin tip thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 cho td vi Na thu c 2,24 lt kh.t chy hon ton phn 2 cn dng 16,8 lt O2 v thu c 11,2 lt CO2. Phn trm s mol mi ancol trong hh X l? (50%) Cu 23: 1 dd X cha 5,4 g cht ng ng ca phenol n chc. td vi nc Brom thu c 17,25g hp cht cha 3 nguyn t Brom trong phn t. Ga s p xy ra hon ton. CTPT ca cht ng ng vi phenol l? (C7H7OH) Cu 24: Cho 18,8g phenol td vi 45g dd HNO3 63%( c H2SO4 xc tc). Hiu sut p l 100%. Khi lng axit picric thu c l? (34,35g) Cu 25: T 400g benzen c th iu ch c ti a bao nhiu g phenol?