BT PHNG TRNH V T

1.Dng 1: ( ) f x c > (1)

a.Nu c s0 : (1) tho vi mi xeR sao cho f(x) >0
b.Nu c > 0 : Ta c : ( ) f x c > f(x) >
2
c (1a)
Tp nghim ca (1a) l tp nghim ca (1).
Th d: gii cc phng trnh
a. 2 3 1 x + >
b.
2
7 1 3 x x + + >
Gii
a.Ta c : 2 3 1 x + > 2x +3 > 0
3
2
x >
Vy nghim bt phng trnh l:

3
2
x >
b.Ta c:
2
7 1 3 x x + + > x
2
+7x+1>

9
2
x +7x-8>0
8 1 x x s >
2.Dng 2: ( ) f x c s (2)
a.Nu c < 0 : (2) v nghim
b.Nu c > 0 : Ta c :

2
( ) 0
( )
( )
f x
f x c
f x c
>
s

s

Gii h bt phng trnh (2a). suy ra nghim ca (2)
Th d: gii cc bt phng trnh:
a.
2
4 3 1 x x + <
b. 2 1 x <
c.
2
2 3 2 x x <
Gii
a. Ta thy
2
4 3 x x + >0 nn (a) v nghim
b.Ta c:
2 0 2
2 1 2 3
2 1 3
x x
x x
x x
> >
< s <

< <


Vy nghim ca (b) l : 2 3 x s <
c. Ta c:
2
2
2
1 3
2 3 0
2 3 2
1 2 2 1 2 2 2 7 0
x x
x x
x x
x x x
s > >

<

< < + <


1 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 x x < s s < +
Vy nghim ca (c) l : 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 x x < s s < +
3.Dng 3 : ( ) ( ) f x g x > (3)
Ta c:
( ) 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
g x
f x g x
f x g x
>
>

>

(3a)

Gii h (3a) suy ra nghim ca (3)
Gii tng t vi bt phng trnh : ( ) ( ) f x g x >
Th d : gii cc bt phng trnh:
a. 2 1 x x + > +
b. 2 3 3 1 x x > +
c. 2 4 x x >
d.
2 2
2 3 2 3 x x x x + >
Gii
a.Ta c:
2 1 x x + > +
1 0 1
1
2 1 2 1
x x
x
x x
+ > >
>

+ > + >


Vt nghim ca rt phng trnh l x > -1
b. Ta c:

1 0 1
2 3 3 1 4
2 3 1 4
x x
x x x
x x x
+ > >
> + >

> + >


Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l 4 x >
c. Ta c:
4 0 4
2 4 3 4
2 4 3
x x
x x x
x x x
> s
> s s

> >


Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l 3 4 x s s

d.Ta c:
2
2 2
2 2
2 3 0 1 3
2 3 2 3
3 0
2 3 2 3
x x x x
x x x x
x x
x x x x
> s >
+ >

s >
+ >

Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l 3 3 x x s >
4.Dng 4: ( ) ( ) f x h x > (4)
Ta c :

2
( ) 0 ( ) 0
( ) ( ) (4 ) (4 )
( ) 0 ( ) [ ( )]
h x h x
f x h x a b
f x f x h x
> <
>

> >


Gii cc h (4a) v (4b)
Hp nghim ca (4a) v (4b) l tp nghim ca (4).
Th d : gii cc bt hng trnh sau:
a. 1 2 1 x x + > +
b.
2
6 2 x x x + > +
c.
2
2 7 4
1
4
x x
x
+
>
+

Gii
a.Ta c:
2
2 1 0 2 1 0
1 2 1
1 0 1 (2 1)
x x
x x
x x x
+ > + <
+ > +

+ > + > +

2
1
1
1 1 1
2
1 1 0 1 0 2
3 2 2 2
0 4 3 0
4
x
x
x x x x
x x x

>

>

s < s < s < s <

< < + <

Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l: 1 0 x s <
b.Ta c:
2
2 2 2
2
2 0 2 0 2
6 2
10
3 2 6 0 6 ( 2)
3
x
x x x
x x x
x x x x x x x x
>
+ < + > <
+ > +

s > s + > + > +

3 x s
Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l: 3 x s
c.Ta c:
2
2 2 2
2 7 4 4
2 7 4 2 7 4 ( 4)
1
4 4 4
x x x
x x x x x
x x x
+ > +
+ + > +
>
+ = =
2
20 0
4
x x
x
>

=

4 5
4 5
4
x x
x x
x
s >
< >
=

Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l: 4 5 x x < >
5.Dng 5:

( ) ( ) f x h x s
(5)

Ta c:
2
( ) 0
( ) ( ) ( ) 0
( ) ( )
f x
f x h x h x
f x h x

>

s >

( s


Gii h bt phng trnh (5a). Suy ra nghim ca (5)
Th d : gii cac bt phng trnh sau:
a. 2 1 1 x x + s +
b.
2
5 6 3 2 x x x < +
c.
2
3 10 8 x x x <
Gii
a.Ta c:
2 2
2 0 2 2
1 5
2 1 1 0 1
1 5 1 5
2
2 ( 1) 1 0 2 2
x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x x x
+ > > >
+
+ s + + > > >

+
s >

+ s + + >


Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l
1 5
2
x
+
>
b.Ta c:
2
2
2 2
2
2 3
5 6 0
3
5 6 3 2 3 2 0 2 3
2
5 6 (3 2 )
5 7 15 0
x
x x
x x x x x x
x x x
x x
s s
>


+ < + + > > s s


< +

+ + >

Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l 2 3 x s s
c.Ta c:
2
2
2 2
3 10 0 2 5
74
3 10 8 8 0 8 2 5
13
74
3 10 (8 )
13
x x x x
x x x x x x x
x x x
x

> s >

< > < s s <


<

<

Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l
74
2 5
13
x x s s <
6.Dng 6: ( ) ( ) f x g x c + >
(6)
a.Nu c s 0
Ta c: (6)
( ) 0
( ) 0
g x
f x
>

>

b.Nu c > 0
Ta c:
2
2
( ) 0 ( ) 0
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
f x g x
f x g x c g x f x
c f x g x
f x g x f x g x c
f x g x

> >

+ > > >



+ + >

>

Tr li li dng 4 m cch gii ta bit
Th d : Gii cc bt phng trnh:
a. 1 2 3 1 x x + + >
b. 1 1 4 x x + + >
Gii
a.Ta c:

1
1 0
3
3
2 3 0 2
2
x
x
x
x x
>
+ >
>

> >

Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l
3
2
x >
b. Ta c:
1 1 4 x x + + >
2 2
2 2
1
1 0 1
8 0
1 0 1
8 0
1 1 2 1 16 1 8
1 (8 )
x
x x
x
x x
x
x x x x x
x x
>

> >

s

+ > >

>


+ + + > >

>



1
8
65 65
8 8
8 16 16
16 65
x
x
x x x
x
x
>

>

> s s >

>


Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l
65
16
x >
7.Dng 7: ( ) ( ) f x g x c + s (7)
a.Nu c < 0 : (7) v nghim.
b.Nu c > 0
Ta c:
2
2
( ) 0 ( ) 0
( ) ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
f x f x
f x g x c g x g x
c f x g x
f x g x f x g x c
f x g x

> >

+ s > >



+ + s

s

Tr li dng 5 m cch gii ta bit
Th d: Gii bt phng trnh:

2 2
4 1 2 x x + s
Gii
Ta c:

2
2 2 2
2 4 2 4 2 2
4 0
2 2
4 1 2 1 0 1 1
5 2 2 5 4 4 2 5 4 2 1
x
x
x x x x
x x x x x x

>
s s

+ s > s s


+ + < + <


2
4 2 4 2
1 1
1 1
2 2 15 15
2 1 0 1 1
2 2 4 4
4 5 4 4 4 1
15 15
4 4
x
x
x x x x x
x x x x
x x

s s
s s


> > > s < < s


+ < +

> >

Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l
15 15
1 1
4 4
x x s < < s
8.Dng 8: ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x h x + > (8)
Ta c:
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
2
f x
f x
g x
g x
f x g x h x
h x
h x
h x g x f x
f x g x f x g x f x g x h x
>
>

>
>

+ >
>
>



> + + >

tr li dng 4
gii tng t vi bt phng trnh :
( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x h x >
bng cch bin i (8) v dng: ( ) ( ) ( ) h x g x f x + >
Th d : gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a. 3 1 2 5 x x x + >
b.
2 2 2
1 1 2 6 2 x x x x x x + + + + > + +
Gii
a.Ta c:
2
3 3 0
1 1 0
3 1 2 5
3 2 5 0
2 4 2 ( 1)( 3) 2 6
4 3 5
x x
x x
x x x
x x
x x x x
x x
> >

> >

+ >

> >


+ > +
+ >



2
3 3
2 26
4 22 0 2 26 2 26
x x
x
x x x x
> >

> +

> s > +

Vy bt phng trnh cho c nghim l 2 26 x > +
b.Ta c:

2 2 2
1 1 2 6 2 x x x x x x + + + + > + +

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 ( 1)( 1) 2 6 2 x x x x x x x + + + + + > + +

2 2 2
2 ( 1) 6 x x x + >

4 2 2
0
0
1 9
x
x
x x x
>
<

+ + >

0
0
4 15 4 15
0 0 4 15 4 15
4 15 4 15
x
x
x x
x x x
x x
>

<

s > +

< s s > +
s > +

Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l 4 15 4 15 x x s > +
9.Dng 9: ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x h x + s (9)
Ta c:
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) 0
( ) 0
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
2
f x
f x
g x
g x
f x g x h x
h x
h x
h x f x g x
f x g x f x g x f x g x h x
>
>

>
>

+ s
>
>



s + + s

tr li dng 5.
Th d : gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a. 3 4 3 4 9 x x x + + s +
b. 3 1 2 1 x x x + >
Gii
a.Ta c:
2
4
3 4 0
3
3 3 0
3 4 3 4 9
9 4 9 0
4
4 1 2 (3 4)( 3) 4 9
3 5 12 4
x
x
x x
x x x
x
x
x x x x
x x

>

+ >

> >

+ + s +

+ >

>

+ + + s +

2
3
3
3 4
7
4 3 5 28 0
3
x
x
x
x x x
>
>

s s

s s s

Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l 3 4 x s s
b.Ta c:
1 0
2 1 0
3 1 2 1 1 2 1 3
3 0
3 2 2 ( 1)(2 1) 3
x
x
x x x x x x
x
x x x x
>

>

+ > + < +

+ >

+ < +

2
2
1
1
1
1
3
2 1
7 3
2 4 8 21 0
3
2 2
2 2 3 1 2 5
x
x
x x
x
x x x
x
x x x
>

>

> >

s s

< < + <
>

+ < +

Vy bt phng trnh c nghim l
3
1
2
x s s
10.Dng 10: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x m f x g x h x > (10)
_t iu kin c ngha.
_t y = ( ) ( ). f x g x
Th d: gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a.
2 2
2 4 3 4 5 x x x x + > + +
b. 1 3 2 ( 1)( 3) 4 2 x x x x x + + + + >
Gii
a..Xt bt phng trnh:
2 2
2 4 3 4 5 x x x x + > + +
Vi iu kin
2
4 3 0 1 3 x x x x + > s >
t y =
2
4 3 x x + ,y > 0
Ta c:

2 2
2 8 2 8 0
2
0 0
y y y y
y
y y
> + + >
>

> >


Do ta c:

2 2
4 3 2 4 1 0 x x x x + > >
2 5 2 5 x x s > +
Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l
2 5 2 5 x x s > +
b.Xt bt phng trnh:
1 3 2 ( 1)( 3) 4 2 x x x x x + + + + >
Vi iu kin:
1 0 1
1
3 0 3
x x
x
x x
> >
>

+ > >


t 1 3, 0 y x x y = + + >
Ta c:

2 2
3 2 2 2 4 2 6 0
2
0 0 0
y y y y x x y y
y
y y y
s > + > + >
>

> > >


Do ta c
2
1 1
1 3 2 1
2 2 2 ( 1)( 3) 4
2 3 1
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
> >

+ + > >

+ + + >
+ >


Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l 1 x >
11.Dng 11: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x g x h x k x > (10)
c u kin c ngha cho cc cn thc
c iu kin hai v bt phng trnh cng m hoc cng khng m
Bnh phng hai v bt phng trnh ta c mt dng mi n gin hn
Th d: Gii cc bt phng trnh:
a. 9 1 4 x x x x + + > + + +
b. 6 1 2 3 8 4 2 x x x x + + s +
Gii
a.iu kin xc nh:
0 0
9 0 9
0
1 0 1
4 0 4
x x
x x
x
x x
x x
> >

+ > >

>

+ > >


+ > >


Hai v bt phng trnh cho khng m, ta c:
9 1 4 x x x x + + > + + +
2 9 2 ( 9) 2 5 2 ( 1)( 4) x x x x x x + + + > + + + +
2 ( 9) ( 1)( 4) x x x x + + > + +

2 2
4 9 4 9 ( 1)( 4) x x x x x x + + + + > + +

2
9 x x x + >
Vy nghim ca bt phng trnh l 0 x >
b. iu kin xc nh

1
6
6 1 0
3
2 3 0
0
2
8 0
0
4 2 0
1
2
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x

>

+ >

+ > >

>

>

>

+ >

>

Ta c:
6 1 2 3 8 4 2 x x x x + + s +
6 1 4 2 8 2 3 x x x x + + + s + +
10 3 2 (6 1)(4 2) 10 3 2 8 (2 3) x x x x x x + + + + s + + +

2 2
24 16 2 16 24 x x x x + + s +

2 2
24 16 2 16 24 x x x x + + s +

2
4 4 1 0 x x + s

2
(2 1) 0 x + s
2 1 0 x =

1
2
x =
Vy nghim duy nht ca bt phng trnh l
1
2
x =