S GD & t thi chn hc sinh gii cp tnh

lp 11 THPT
Qung Bnh nm
hc 2010 - 2011
Mn thi: ho hc
thi chnh thc Kho ngy 30 thng 3 nm 2011
S BD: ................ Thi gian lm bi: 180 pht
(khng k thi gian giao )

Bi 1: (2,0 im)
1. Nu hin t-ng v vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi:
a. Cho dung dch Fe(NO
3
)
2
vo dung dch HCl 1M v un nng nh.

b. Cho dung dch K
2
HPO
3
vo dung dch NaOH.
c. Cho t t dung dch AlCl
3
vo dung dch NaOH cho n d- v lc
k.
2. Khng dng thm ho cht no khc, nu phng php ho hc phn bit cc l ng cc dung dch
sau b mt nhn: HCl, NaOH, Phenolphtalein, NaCl. Vit phng trnh.
Bi 2: (2,25 im)
1. Dung dch A cha CH
3
COOH 0,1M. Bit Ka ca CH
3
COOH =1,75.10
-5

a. Tnh ca axit v pH ca dung dch A.
b. Ho tan 4,1(g) CH
3
COONa vo 500 ml dung dch A, tnh pH ca
dung dch thu -c.
2. Dung dch A gm cc cht tan AlCl
3
, FeCl
2
v CuCl
2
(C
M
mi cht 0,1M).
a. Dung dch A c pH < 7, = 7 hay > 7? Gii thch ngn gn bng phng trnh ho hc ?
b. Cho H
2
S li chm qua dung dch A cho n bo ho th thu c kt ta v dung dch B. Hy
cho bit thnh phn cc cht trong kt ta v trong dung dch B.
c. Thm dn NH
3
vo dung dch B cho n d. C hin tng g xy ra? Vit cc phng trnh
phn ng ion gii thch.
Bi 3: (1,5 im)
Ho tan hon ton 18,2 gam hn hp X gm 2 kim loi Al v Cu trong
100ml dung dch Y cha H
2
SO
4
C
M
v HNO
3
2M un nng to ra dung dch Z
v 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp T gm NO v kh D khng mu. Hn hp T c
t khi so vi hidro = 23,5. Tnh khi l-ng mi kim loi trong hn
hp X v khi l-ng mi mui trong dung dch Z.
Bi 4: (2,75 im)
1. a. Nhng hp cht no sau y c ng phn hnh hc, vit cng thc lp th ca nhng ng phn
v gi tn theo danh php thay th:
CH
3
CH=C=CHCH
3
; CH
3
CH=CHCH=CHCH
3
; CH
3
CH= C

= C= CHCH
3
;
b. So snh nhit si, nhit nng chy ca cp cht sau: o-Xilen v p-Xilen. Gii thch ngn
gn.
2. Xc nh cng thc cu to cc cht A, B, C, gi tn A, C theo danh php thay th. Bit rng
trong A c m
C
: m
H
l 21:2 ; t khi hi ca A so vi CH
4
< 6 v M
B
M
A
=
214
a. C
x
H
y
(A) + |Ag(NH
3
)
2
|(OH) d B+ + H
2
O +
NH
3
|
b. A + HCl C (t l 1: 4 to sn phm
chnh duy nht)
c. C + Br
2

as
2 sn phm th mono
Bi 5: (1,5 im)
Cho mt Hirocacbon A tc dng vi H
2
d- (c xc tc v nhit
thch hp) th thu -c sn phm B c cng thc phn t C
9
H
16
. Cho A tc
dng vi KMnO
4
trong H
2
SO
4
long th thu c axit phtalic. t chy hon ton 29 (g) cht A, sau
cho ton b sn phm vo dung dch nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim thy khi lng dung dch
gim 108 gam.
a. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A v B.
b. Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra khi cho B tc
dng vi Cl
2
(t l mol 1:1, askt), A tc dng vi dung dch KMnO
4

iu kin th-ng.
............................ Ht ................................

S GD & t thi chn hc sinh gii cp tnh lp 11
THPT
Qung Bnh nm
hc 2010 - 2011
Mn thi: ho hc
H-ng dn chm
Bi 1: (2,0 im)
1. (1,0 im): Vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra, nu hin t-ng
v vit cc ph-ng trnh phn ng xy ra (nu c) khi :
a. 9Fe(NO
3
)
2
+ 12HCl 5Fe(NO
3
)
3
+ 4FeCl
3
+ 3NO| + 6H
2
O
2NO + O
2
2NO
2

C kh khng mu bay ra, ho nu trong khng kh ....0,25
b. khng xy ra phn ng ......0,25
c. AlCl
3
+ 3NaOH Al(OH)
3
+ + 3NaCl
Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH Na|Al(OH)
4
| ..0,25
AlCl
3
+ 3Na|Al(OH)
4
| 4Al(OH)
3
+ 3NaCl
Ban u xut hin kt ta, sau tan ngay, mt lc sau xut hin kt ta keo trng bn 0,25
2. (1,0 im):
Ln lt ly mt l cho vo cc l cn li tch lm 2 cp
Cp gm 2 l khi trn vi nhau c mu hng l NaOH v PP
Cp cn li l NaCl v HCl ...0,25
Ln lt ly 1 trong hai l NaCl v HCl cho vo dung dch c mu hng, l no khi cho vo lm
mt mu hng l HCl. L cn li trong nhm l NaCl.
NaOH + HCl NaCl + H
2
O 0,25
Tip tc cho 1 trong hai l PP v NaOH vo dung dch va mt mu hng thu c trn, l
no khi cho vo xut hin mu hng tr li th l NaOH, l cn li l PP. 0,5
Bi 2: (2,25 im)
1. (1,0 )
a. Ta c cng thc o ~
tan
C
K
, thay s vo ta c o ~
1 , 0
10 75 , 1
5

= 1,32.10
-2

Vi kt qu trn vic s dng cng thc gn ng l chp nhn c 0,25
Vy |H
+
| = o.C
tan
= 1,32.10
-2
.0,1 = 1,32.10
-3
M pH ~ 2,88 ..0,25
b. Ta c C
M
ca CH
3
COONa =
5 , 0 82
1 , 4

= 0,1M
CH
3
COONa CH
3
COO
-
+ Na
+

0,1M 0,1M
CH
3
COOH CH
3
COO
-
+ H
+

b 0,1M 0,1M 0
ph li x M x M x M
cb 0,1 - x 0,1+x x 0,25
Ta c PT: K
a
=
| | | |
| | COOH CH
H COO CH
3
3
+

=
( )
( )
5
10 . 75 , 1
1 , 0
1 , 0

=

+
x
x x
x ~ 1,75.10
-5
(M) pH ~ 4,76
(hc sinh c th dng CT tnh pH ca dung dch m suy ra vn cho im ti a) .0,25



2. (1,25 )
a. Dung dch A c pH < 7 .0,25
Do c cc phng trnh thu phn
Al
3+
+ H
2
O Al(OH)
2+
+ H
+

Fe
2+
+ H
2
O Fe(OH)
+
+ H
+

Cu
2+
+ H
2
O Cu(OH)
+
+ H
+
.. ..0,25
b. Kt ta l CuS, dung dch B gm AlCl
3
, FeCl
2
, HCl, H
2
S 0,25
c. Xut hin kt ta keo trng v kt ta en
NH
3
+ H
+
NH
4
+

Al
3+
+ 3 NH
3
+ 3H
2
O Al(OH)
3
+ + 3 NH
4
+
.......................................................................0,25
H
2
S + 2NH
3
2NH
4
+
+ S
2

Fe
2+
+ S
2
FeS + ..........................................................................................................0,25
Bi 3: (1,5 im)
M
T
=23,5 . 2 = 47 M
NO
= 30 < 47 < M
D
D l SO
2
= 64
..0,25
Suy ra s mol NO = 0,2 mol v SO
2
= 0,2 mol
...0,25
Ta c cc qu trnh sau:
Al 3e Al
3+
. Vi s mol Al = x v s mol Cu = y
Cu 2e Cu
2+
.
NO
3
-
+ 4H
+
+ 3e NO + 2H
2
O
SO
4
2-
+ 4H
+
+ 2e SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
...0,25
Tng s mol e nh-ng = 3x + 2y = Tng s mol e thu = 0,6 + 0,4 =
1
Vy ta c h ph-ng trnh: 27x + 64y = 18,2
3x + 2y = 1
gii pt cho x = y = 0,2 ...0,25
Vy khi l-ng cc kim loi trong hn hp u l: m
Cu
= 12,8 g ;
m
Al
= 5,4 g ...0,25
V NO
3
-
phn ng = NO
3
-
trong Y nn dung dch Z khng c NO
3
-
v
ch c Al
3+
, Cu
2+
, SO
4
2-
. L-ng Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
=
0, 2
2
. 342 = 34,2 gam,
l-ng CuSO
4
= 0,2 . 160 = 32 gam ... 0,25
Bi 4: (2,75 im)
1. a. (0,75 ):
Cc cht c /p hnh hc l: CH
3
CH=CHCH=CHCH
3
; CH
3
CH= C

= C= CHCH
3
.0,25
CH
CH
CH
CH
3
CH
3
CH

2- trans-4-trans hecxa-2,4-dien
CH
CH
CH
CH
3
CH CH
3


2- trans-4-cis hecxa-2,4-dien

CH
CH
CH
CH
3
CH
CH
3
2-cis-4-cis hecxa-2,4-dien . .0,25

CH
3
C C C C
CH
3
H
H

CH
3
C C C C
H
H
CH
3

cis-hecxa-2,3,4-trien trans-hecxa-2,3,4-trien .0,25
b. (0,75 ):
Nhit nng chy: p > o ; Nhit si : p < o .0,25
Gii thch:
Phn t p-Xilen c cu trc i xng hn nn cu trc tinh th c kht hn, l kt cht ch hn
Nn nhit nng chy cao hn. .0,25
Phn t p-Xilen c momen lng cc = 0, o-Xilen c momen lng cc ln hn nn trng
thi lng lc lin kt gia cc phn t ln hn. Nn nhit si o-Xilen cao hn. .0,25
2. (1,25 im)
Ta c
2
21 12
=
y
x
x : y = 7 : 8 CT n gin ca A l: C
7
H
8
CTPT ca A l
C
7n
H
8n
.
V D ca A so vi CH
4
< 6 M
A
< 96 84n + 8n < 96.
V n nguyn, > 0 n = 1 CTPT ca A l C
7
H
8

..0,25
V M
A
M
B
= 214 B l sn phm th 2 nguyn t Ag
Vy A phi c dng: (CHC)
2
C
3
H
6
.0,25
V A + 4HCl C v C + Br
2

as
2 sn phm th mono nn A phi c cu to
i xng v C ch c 2 v tr th Br.
Vy CTCT ca A, B, C l:
CH
3

A: CH C C C CH 3,3-imetylpent-1,3-iin .0,25

CH
3


B: AgC C C(CH
3
)
2
C CAg ..0,25
C: CH
3
CCl
2
-C(CH
3
)
2
-CCl
2
-CH
3
2,2,4,4-tetraclo-3,3- imetylpentan .......... ...............0,25


Bi 5: (1,5 )
a. V phn t B c 9 nguyn t C nn A c dng C
9
H
n
. Ta c PT p/ chy
CO
2
+ Ca(OH)
2
CaCO
3
+ H
2
O
C
9
H
n
+
4
36 n +
O
2
9CO
2
+
2
n
H
2
O .0,25
1 mol 9 mol n/2 mol
x mol 9x mol nx/2 mol
p dng nh BTKL ta c PT: 44.9x + 9nx = 9x.100 - 108 (*)
(108 + n).x = 29 (**)
Gii h ta c x = 0,25; n = 8 Vy CTPT ca A l C
9
H
8
0,25
V khi oxi ho A c axit phtalic nn A phi c vng thm
V B c k = 2 trong A v B phi c 2 vng, c s C mi vng > 5, trong c 1 vng 6 cnh
Vy CTCT ca A v ca B l
(A) (0,25 ) ; (B) (0,25 )
b. + Cl
2
HCl +
Cl
(sp chnh) v cc s p ph

Cl

Cl


Cl

Cl
0,25
c.
3
+ 2KMnO
4
+ 4H
2
O 3
+
2KOH + 2MnO
2
OH
OH

0.25





Lu :
- Th sinh c th gii nhiu cch, nu ng vn -c im
ti a.
- Cc PT phn ng hc sinh c th biu din bng PT ion hay
PT phn t u -c.

ht

askt
1:1