Y BAN NHN DN TP.

H CH MINH TRNG I HC SI GN S:1124/ HSG

Mn : Kim nghim thc phm

GVHD:

ThS. Nguyn Th Thu Hng

Thc hin: Nhm 1_DHO 1081 H Thnh Trung Hunh Phc Huy Lng Thnh Tm Trn Bo Ton
1

1- GI I THI U CHUNG 1.1 .ng cha ta c cu Nam v tu nh k v phong (n ng khng ru nh c khng gi). .Nhng c mt iu khng th ph nhn rng tc hi ca bia ru l v cng g gm. C th thy cc v tai nn giao thng hin nay a phn l do tc ng ca bia ru, khi c cn trong ngi th ta khng th lm ch. Ngoi ra bia ru cn gy c ch thn kinh cng nh hot ng ca cc c quan tim mch. Bn cnh , vic ng c ru cng l mt vn nn cn quan tm. Trong bia ru khng ch c cn (ancol eytic) m cn c th cha mt lng metanol hay furfural l mt loi ha cht ht sc c hi, c hn c methanol, gy nh hng
nghim trng n b my tun hon, h hp v thn kinh. Vy trong ru bia ngoi cc cht trn th cn c th c nhng loi hp cht no na v hm lng cho php l bao nhiu. cng chnh l l do m chng ti chn Kim nghim bia ru lm ti nghin cu.

1.2
.Bia ru l mt loi thc ung ph thng, vi v ng cay d chu, hng thm c trng v c cn thp. Thch hp dng cho ngi ln, khi ung vi lng va phi s mang n cho ngi dng s sng khoi, d chu v tr gip cho tiu ha. Ngoi ra khi s dng vi lng va phi cn gim nguy c mc bnh tim mch, b sung vitamin B6, trnh b sn thn ngi trung nin. Nh vy, bia ru c s dng rng ri hu ht cc nc trn th gii. .Tuy nhin, ngoi cc cht cn thit cho c th, trong qu trnh iu ch chng ct, bia ru cn ln mt s hp cht m khi hp thu vo li gy hi cho c th. V vy cn phi tin hnh xc nh

hm lng cc cht c trong bia ru. 1.3 .nh gi cht lng ru bia qua vic xc nh mu sc, mi v, trng thi, hm lng acid, ester, andehit, cnc trong ru bia

1.4 .Dng cc ch tiu v cm quan, v cc ch tiu ha l, bn cnh da trn cc tiu chun ca Vit Nam v ca th gii nh gi cht lng ru bia.

2- NH GI CH T L NG R U
TCVN 3217-79

T n ch ti u 1.Mu sc 2.Mi 3.V 4. trong

Y u cu c trng cho tng loi sn phm c trng cho tng loi sn phm, khng c mi l c trng cho tng loi sn phm,khng c v l Dng lng, ng nht, khng c tp cht l

. . .

c nh

ng

n ngoi

Kim tra nhn, bao b ng chai sau kim tra vn c v tp cht l . . . trong v mu s c - Dng 2 ng so mu c ng knh v chiu di bng nhau. Rt 20ml ru vo 1 ng, 20ml nc ct vo ng nghim kia. - t 2 ng trn nn trng ch sng so snh mu sc, trong. - Mu sc v trong ca 2 ng phi nh nhau. . . . i v TCVN 3217-79

- Rt mt t ru mu vo cc th, sau ngi v nm xc nh mi v v. - Ru chun cho php c th nm song song nhng khng c th qu 3 mu. Lu : Tin hnh th cc ch tiu cm quan trong phng thong khng c mi l, xa phng th nghim ha hc

T n ch ti u 1. cn, % th tch ethanol 20oC 2. Hm lng aci tng s, tnh theo mg acid acetic/l cn 100o 3. Hm lng ester, tnh theo mg ethyl acetat/l cn 100o c quy nh 96,0 15,0 13,0 Phng ph p th TCVN 8008:2009; AOAC 982.10 TCVN 8012:2009; AOAC 945.08 TCVN 8011:2009; AOAC 968.09 AOAC 972.10

T n ch ti u 4. Hm lng al ehy , tnh theo mg acetaldehyd/l cn 100oC 5. Hm lng methanol, mg/l cn 100o 6. Hm lng cht kh, mg/l cn 100o 7. Hm lng furfural

c quy nh 5,0 300 15,0 Khng c

Phng ph p th TCVN 8009:2009; AOAC 972.08; AOAC972.09 TCVN 8010:2009; AOAC 972.11 AOAC 920.47; EC No. 2870/2000 TCVN 7886:2009; AOAC 960.16

. . .

c nh hm lng etanol : TCVN 8008 2009 g nt c

c nh theo phng php ru k (phng php chun). a) -Vi mi dung dch ru xc nh th nhng ru khc nhau, dung dch c t khi khc nhau, nn dng c o ru s chm khc nhau - Nh ta c c ru ca dung dch cn xc nh. b) ng c - h c th - ng ong 500 ml. - Ru k o 20C, chia vch 0,1. - Nhit k o b) ch ti n h nh -Gi ru 20C trong 30 pht, rt ru cn thn theo thnh ng trnh to qu nhiu bt kh. -Th t t ru k vo ng ong. - ru k n nh. c ru trn ru k . . . . c nh hm lng an ehit : TCVN 8008 2009 g nt c

c nh theo phng php so mu a) - Cho mu th v ru c hm lng aldehit chun cng tc dng vi thuc th fucsin sulfit - So mu ca dung dch thu c vi mu ca dung dch chun. b) h c th - NaHSO3 : cn 30,8g NaHSO3 cho vo bnh nh mc v pha long bng nc n vch 100ml (chun b dung dch ngay trc khi dng). - Acid H2SO4 m c - Etanol 450, khng cha aldehyt. - Axetandehit
4

- Dung dch fucsin sulfit: Ha tan 0,1g fucsin trong 70ml nc ct nhit t 700C n 800C trong cc. Rt dung dch vo bnh nh mc 100ml, ngui n 200C ri thm nc ct n vch v lc u. Ly 15ml fucsin va chun b vo bnh thy tinh 200ml, thm 10ml dung dch NaHSO3, lc u v thm 100ml nc ct ; 1,5ml axit sulfuric m c v lc u. Dung dch mi pha gi trong bnh thy tinh mu nu nhit t 10oC n 18oC (s dng dung dch sau 24h). Dung dch phi trong v c mu c trng ca SO2 - Dung dch aldehit chun: cc andehit chun phi c gi trong chai thy tinh mu nu c nt mi v ni mt. c) ng c - Pipet chia n 0,01ml - Cuvet - Cc c m - Bnh nh mc, c nt mi - Cn c chnh xc n 0,0002g d) mt cuvet 2. - t c hai ng nghim vo chu nc c nhit 20oC thm vo mi ng 2ml thuc th fucsin, lc u v gi hai ng ny trong chu nc 20oC trong khong 20 pht. - Sau em hai cuvet ra ni sng so mu. - Mu ca ru th khng c m hn mu ca dung dch andehit chun. . . . c nh hm lng methanol : TCVN 8010 2009 g nt c ch ti n h nh

- Dng pipet ly 10ml ru th nghim cho vo cuvet 1 ly 10ml andehit chun cho vo

c nh theo phng php so mu a) - Oxi ha methanol trong mu thnh andehit fomic - Cho mu th tc dng vi thuc th fucsin. - So mu ca dung dch thu c vi mu ca dung dch chun. b) h c th - Dung dch chun methanol - Aicd H2SO4 c pha long - Dung dch NaHSO3. - Dung dch KMnO4 1% - Acid H2SO4 m c - Acid (COOH)2 bo ha - Dung dch fucsin sulfit:

 Ha tan 0,1g fucsin trong 70ml nc ct nhit t 700C n 800C trong cc. Rt dung dch vo bnh nh mc 100ml, ngui n 200C ri thm nc ct n vch v lc u. Rt ht 100ml fucsin va pha vo bnh thy tinh c nt mi 200ml, thm 2,5ml dung dch NaHSO3 mi pha, lc u. Sau khong 3h thm tip vo bnh 0,48ml axit H2SO4 m c. Dung dch ny c gi trong bnh thy tinh mu nu v c bo qun lnh. Khi trn vi mt th tch etanol 45o khng c ru tp v andehit th khng c hin mu. c) ng c - Bnh nh mc c nt mi - Microburet ch ti n h nh:

- Cuvet 25 ml d)

Cuvet 1: 0,2ml mu th nghim Cuvet 2: 0,2ml dung dch methanol chun. - Thm vo mi cuvet 5ml dung dch KMnO4 v 0,4ml axit H2SO4 long. y nt cc ng nghim v lc u. - Sau 3 pht thm vo 1ml axit oxalic bo ha. Khi dung dch c mu vng nht th thm tip 1ml axit H2SO4 c dung dch mt mu hon ton. - Thm 5ml thuc th fucsin v lc u. yn hai ng nghim trong 35 pht, sau so mu ca hai dung dch. - Mu ca ru th khng m hn mu ca dung dch ru chun. c nh g nt c a it TCVN 8012 2009

2.2.4.

c nh theo phng php chun a) .Da trn phn ng trung ha ca acid trong mu bng bazo vi cht ch th thch hp (i vi ru c mu trng dng phenolphatalein, i vi cc loi ru c mu sm, s dng cht ch th xanh bromtimol). T lng bazo tiu tn, tnh c lng axit c trong mu th b) h c th - Cn trung tnh - Dung dch NaOH 0,1M ng c - Ni cch thy - Buret 10ml c chia vch 0,05ml
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- Cht ch th: phenolphatalein 1% hoc xanh bromtimol 0,1% c) - a s ng knh khong 185mm - T sy (c th duy tr c 100oC)

d)

ch ti n h nh

- axit tng s: Trn 250ml nc si, 25ml mu th v chun bng dd NaOH, s dng phenolphtalein lm ch th n khi dung dch c mu hng nht bn ghi li s ml NaOH dng chun . - axit c nh: Cho bay hi mu th n kh v sy kh 30 pht trong t sy Ha tan cn v chuyn sang a s cha 250ml nc si, s dng tng t nh phn mu th, tt c khong t 25ml n 50ml Dng buret chun bng dung dch NaOH v s dng Phenolphthalein lm ch th Ghi li s ml NaOH dng chun . e) Cch tnh a it ay hi c nh hm lng ng g n t c: a it t ng s a it c nh

2.2.5.

c nh bng phng php Bertrand (phng php trng ti) a) .Trong mi trng kim cc ng (glucose, fructose, maltose...) d dng kh Cu (II) thnh Cu (I) theo phn ng Fehling. . Cu2O c kh nng kh vi mui Fe3+ thnh mui Fe 2+ trong mi trng acid: Cu2O + Fe2(SO4)3 + H2SO4 2CuSO4 + 2FeSO4 + H2O .Fe 2+ sinh ra c tnh kh li tc dng vi KMnO4 . .Nn dng KMnO4 chun Fe 2+ trong mi trng acid: 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 8 H2O .Da vo lng KMnO4 s dng ta c th tnh c lng Cu2O v t tnh c lng ng kh trong dung dch b) h c th - Axit HCl - Ch axetat - Na2HPO4 - NaOH - Dung dch Fehling A: pha 40g ng sunfat (CuSO4.5H2O) n 1 lt dd. - Dung dch Fehling B: ha tan 200g kali-natri tactrat vo 500 ml nc,thm 150g NaOH pha n 1lit dd. c) ng c - Bnh ht lc chn khng; - Chn lc xp G4.
7

- Bm ht chn khng; - Buret 25 ml chia vch 0,1 ml

d)

ch ti n h nh

- Cho ru mu v thuc th Fehling(VA=VB) vo bnh v un si 3 pht, kt ta xut hn trong bnh. Ly bnh ra ngui. -Ra ta vi nc m n khi dch ra khng cn phn ng kim trn giy qu. Qu trnh ra c tin hnh trn phu lc chn khng vi giy lc xp v ch l phn ln kt ta trn phu lc v trong bnh lun c ph mt lp nc Cu2O khng b oxy ha bi khng kh. - Ha tan ta Cu O vo bnh tam gic bng dd Fe (SO ) trong H SO ha tan hon tan kt
2 2 4 3 2 4

ta trn phu. - Chun dung dch thu c bng KMnO4 1/30N cho n khi xut hin mu hng nht bn trong 20-30 giy. - T lng KMnO4 dng chun ta c th suy ra lng ng c trong mu phn tch. Song song lm th nghim i chng bng nc ct. e) K t q

ro

: : hm lng ng kh tnh theo % a: s mg glucose tm c khi tra bng ng vi s mL KMnO dng chun mu
4

phn tch tr i s mL KMnO dng chun mu khng.

4

V: th tch pha long mu (100mL) V1: th tch mu ly em xc nh ng kh m: lng mu em phn tch c nh hm lng este TCVN 8011 2009 h c th - NaOH 0,1N b) ch ti n h nh lp ng lm lnh hi lu v un trn bp cch thy 1 gi ngui dung dch n nhit phng Tho ng lm lnh, chun lng NaOH d bng dung dch H2SO4 0,1N
8

2.2.6.

c nh theo phng php chun a)

- H2SO4 0,1N

Sau khi xc nh hm lng axit, cho vo dd 10ml NaOH 0,1N

Hiu s Vo V1 khng vt qu 0,35ml 2.2.7. c nh hm lng ur ural TCVN 7886 2009 h c th : Furfural 1160 ppm ng c : Pipet 10ml, 1ml, 5ml ch ti n h nh: -6 bnh nh mc 50ml -Etanol tuyt i c nh bng my UV VIS-1800 a) b) c)

.Pha ethanol 40%: Dng ng ong 100ml ong 280ml ethanol tuyt i, nh mc ng vch 500ml bng bnh nh mc. .Pha furfural 11,6ppm t dung dch furfural 1160ppm. Dng pipet 1ml ht 0.5ml furfurol 1160ppm, thu c nng furfurol 11,6 ppm ; sau nh mc ng vch 50ml bng dung dch ethanol 40%. .Pha dy chun - T dung dch furfurol 11,6ppm pha thnh 1 dy chun(ly t nht 5 im , lp dy chun trong khong 0,1-2ppm). - Dng pipet 5ml ht 2ml dung dch furfurol 11,6ppm ;sau nh mc ng vch 50ml. Ta c nng 0,464ppm. - Dng pipet 5ml ht 4ml dung dch furfurol 11,6ppm ; sau nh mc ng vch 50ml. Ta c nng 0,920ppm. - Dng pipet 5ml ht 5ml dung dch furfurol 11,6ppm ; sao nh mc ng vch 50ml. Ta c nng 1,16ppm. - Dng pipet 10ml ht 6ml dung dch furfurol 11.6ppm ; sau nh mc ng vch 50ml. Ta c nng 1,392ppm. - Dng pipet 10ml ht 8ml dung dch furfurol 11,6ppm ; sau nh mc ng vch 50ml. Ta c nng 1,856ppm. .Thao thc vn hnh trn my UV Vis-1800. Trn my quang ph t ngoi kh kin UV Vis-1800 photometric v spectrum. . xc nh hm lng furfurol c trong ru, ta chy 2 ch l spectrum v photometric. .u tin, chy ch spectrum xc dnh lama max. .Sau khi m my tnh c kt ni phn mm vi my quang ph t ngoi kh kin UV Vis1800 .i my n nh khong 15-20 pht. Sau :
9

c ba ch chy l: kinetic,

 Chy baseline bng dung mi ethanol 40% (bc sng t 400-200nm, absorption). Chy mu c nng nh nht xc nh lana max (trong khong bc sng t 400-200nm). Nhp chut phi vo mn hnh crosk hair display xem lana max. .Sau ,chy ch photometric lp ng chun.

.p lama max vo ng chun to phng php : Chy autozero bng mu trng. o ln lt t chun c nng thp nht n chun c nng cao nht. thy c phng trnh ng thng v r2: vo biu tng Graphequation thy c phng trnh v vo biu tng Graph correlation cofficient thy r2 . d) K t q :

Kt qu lama cc i

10

Kt qu ng chun

3- NH GI CH T L NG BI
T n ch ti u 1. u s c 2.Mi 3.V 4.Bt c trng ca tng loi sn phm c trng ca bia sn xut t hoa houblon v malt i mch, khng c mi l c trng ca bia sn xut t hoa houblon v malt i mch, khng c v l Bt trng, mn Y u cu

5.Tr ng th i c trng ca tng loi sn phm 3. . . trong v mu s c .Mu sc ca bia ph thuc vo mu v cht lng ca malt, thnh phn nc v thao tc k thut trong cng on ng ha. .C hai loi mu chnh l bia vng v bia en, ngoi ra cn c bia nu ph bin cc nc chu u. c nh gi bng my so mu chuyn dng xc nh cng mu theo h thng ca EBC.

11

. trong ca bia bt u c hnh thnh trong thi gian ln men ph v tng tr bia, sau bng con ng lc qua nhiu vt liu lc khc nhau t trong cn thit 3.1.2. i v .Theo nh gi ca nhn vin th cm quan. Ung mt cch t t v ghi nhn li mi v ca bia. c trng ca bia vng l mi thm nh v v ng du d chu ca hoa houblon. c trng ca bia en l mi thm ca caramel v v hi ngt ca malt.

TVCN 7042 - 2002 T n ch ti u c 1,8

1. axit, s mililit NaOH 1 N trung ha ht 100 ml bia hi ui ht CO2 , khng ln hn 2. Hm lng diaxetyl, mg/l, khng ln hn 3. Hm lng etanol (cn), % (V/V) 4. Hm lng cht ho tan ban u . . . g c nh hm lng C n t c:

0,2 Theo tiu chun ca nh sn xut

Cho CO2 c trong bia tc dng vi mt th tch NaOH to mui Na2CO3. Sauk hi loi tr lng axit d, dng H2SO4 c nng xc nh chun lng Na2CO3 H ch t: - NaOH 2N - H2SO4 0,1N

- Phenolphthalein: dung dch 1% trong cn 60o - Metyl da cam: dung dch trong cn 60o c ng c : - Buret 5ml - ng ong 50ml v 250ml - Bnh tam gic 250ml - Pipet 1,5ml v 10,25ml ch ti n h nh: - Chun b mu: gi chai bia mu trong t lnh mt ngy m hoc mt gi Chun b 2 bnh tam gic 500ml so b nh u mc th tch khong 200ml v 250ml Rt vo mi bnh 20ml dung dch NaOH 2N M chai bia mu mt cch cn thn, nh nhng v rt nhanh vo bnh cho n mc 200 250ml y nt bnh v lc u trong 5 - 10 pht.
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- Bnh tam gic c nt mi c nh du mc th tch 200ml v 250ml

- yn mt lc ri rt ton b vo ng ong v c chnh xc th tch bia kim ha - Tin hnh th: o Ht 10ml bia va chun b trn cho vo bnh tam gic 250ml, thm 50ml nuc ct v 1 - 3 git phenolftalein, dung dch s c mu hng. o Dng H2SO4 0,1N chun lng xt d n khi mt mu hng v khng tnh lng axit d tiu tn lc ny. Thm vo bnh 1 - 3 git metyl da cam, dung dch s chuyn sang mu vng. Tip tc chun bng H2SO4 0,1N cho n khi dung dch chuyn thnh mu da cam. Ghi th tch H2SO4 tiu tn (V1). o Song song vi mu th nghim phi tin hnh lm mu th nghim trng cho vo bnh hnh nn ri thm1 ml NaOH 2N, 50ml nuc ct v tin hnh phn tch tng t nhu mu trn bng cch ly 10ml bia mu loi b ht CO2 f) K t q :

Trong : : hm lng CO2, g/l B: th tch bia kim ha, ml V1, V2: th tch H2SO4 dng chun mu th v mu trng 10: th tch bia ly mu kim tra 20: th tch NaOH dng kim ha mu bia, ml . . . a) g H - Bia chai - Cc sy phn tch dung tch 50ml v d sy kh n khi lng khng i. - T sy, cn phn tch, pipet, ni un cch thu, bnh ht m. c) ch ti n h nh: Dng pipet ht 10ml bia loi b CO2 ri cho vo cc sy. t cc vo ni un cch thu un nng, c cn bia trong cc. Ly cc ra t vo t sy v tin hnh sy kh n khi lng khng i nhit 100 - 105oC. d) K t q :
13

c nh n t c: ch t

kh c a ia

Cho nuc bc hi ht ta s thu c cht kh c trong bia. ng c

Trong : E: hm lng cht kh ca bia m2: s mg cc bias au khi sy kh n khi lng khng i m1: s mg ca cc sy ban u 10: th tch bia ly mu kim tra . . . g c nh n t c: chua c a ia

Dng xt chun lng axit c trong bia vi cht ch th l phenolftalein. chua ca bia c tnh bng s ml NaOH 0,1N dng d trung ho 10ml bia loi b CO2 H ch t ng c - Dung dch NaOH 0,1N - Nc ct un si ngui - Buret, pipet. - Bia d loi b CO2 - Dung dch ch th phenolftalein 1% - Bnh nn dung tch 10ml c) ch ti n h nh:

- Dng pipet ly 10ml bia cho vo bnh nn dung tch 100ml, thm 40 ml nc ct v 5 git ch th phenolftalein ri chun bng dung dch NaOH 0,1N cho n khi xut hin mu hng nht. Th tch NaOH tiu tn khi chun chnh l chua ca bia. c nh g cn trong ia n t c:

3.2.4.

- Dng K2Cr2O7 trong mi trung axit d oxy ho ru v to thnh Cr(III) c mu xanh lc. - Tip theo dng KI kh K2Cr2O7 tha v gii phng I2. Dng Na2S2O3 chun lng I2 sinh ra. T tnh c lng K2Cr2O7 tham gia phn ng vi ru thng qua lng Na2S2O3 dng chun mu trng v mu th nghim H ch t ng c : - KI 10% - H tinh bt 1% - Buret chun - Bnh mu phn tch - Nitrocromic: 4,9g K2Cr2O7 + HNO3 c - Na2S2O3 0,1N - Pipet bu 100ml - Bnh nn c nt mi 250ml c ch ti n h nh:

14

- Cho 100ml bia loi b CO2 cho vo bnh v tin hnh chng cho n khi gn cn. Dch chng hng vo bnh nh mc, cho thm nc ct vo n vch 100ml, lc u. - Ly 5ml dch chng cho vo bnh nn thm 5ml nuc ct v 10ml dung dch nitrocromic y kn bnh, sau 30 pht thm 10ml dung dch KI 10%, 100ml nuc ct, lc u. - Sau 2pht th dng Na2S2O3 0,1N chun b Buret chun lung I2 gii phng ra. - Tip tc chun bng dung dch Na2S2O3 cho n khi dung dch trong bnh chuyn t mu xanh m sang mu xanh lc. Ghi th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 tiu tn. - Lm mu trng song song, vi 10ml dung dch nitrocromic v 10ml nc ct theo ng thi gian v thao tc nh i vi mu phn tch. d) K t q :

rong : A - Hm lng ru c trong bia, g/l N - S ml Na2S2Odng chun mu trng n - S ml Na2S2O3dng chun mu thc 1,15: s mg C2H5OH tng ng vi 1ml dung dch Na2S2O3 0,1N 5 : S ml dung dch dng phn tch 3.2.5. c nh hm lng diaxetyl g n t c: - Tch diaxetyl t bia bng cch chng ct bng my Bushi - Cho phn chng ct c phn ng vi dung dch 0 phenilendiamin trong bung ti to c dn xut ca quinoxalyl - Axit ha v o quang ph cc cht thu c t phn ng 335nm - Tnh nng diaxetyl c trong mu nh h s c xc nh qua cht chun. b) ct . Ly 10ml dch ct cho vo ng nghim thm 0,5 ml 0 phenilendiamin . yn trong ti 30, thm 2ml HCl 4N. em o trn my quang ph 335nm (A35) . Chun b mu trng tng t . Chun b cht chun: thay mu bng nc, thm 0,1 ml dd chun diaxetyl c)Kt qu: hm lng diaxetyl (mg/l) :
15

ch ti n h nh:

. Ly 100ml mu lm lnh cho vo bnh chng ct bng hi nc gin tip. Thu 25ml dch

[(A35-Atrng) * 0,625]:[Achun Atrng] C c ch ti u hm lng kim lo i n ng theo TVCN T n ch ti u 1. Asen (As) 2. Ch (Pb) 3. Thy ngn (Hg) 4. Cadimi (Cd) 5. ng (Cu) 6. Km ( n)

2002

Gii h n t i a (mg/l) 0,1 0,2 0,05 1,0 5,0 2,0

C c ch ti u vi sinh v t theo TVCN 7042 2002 T n ch ti u 1. Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh, s khun lc trong 1 ml sn phm 2. Coliforms, s vi khun trong 1 ml sn phm 3. E.coli, s vi khun trong 1 ml sn phm 4. S.aureus, s vi khun trong 1 ml sn phm 5. Cl.perfringens, s vi khun trong 1 ml sn phm 6. Tng s nm men-nm mc, s khun lc trong 1 ml sn phm Gii h n t i a 103 50 0 0 0 102

16