CC DY CHUYN XI M S DNG HIN NAY

I.

DY CHUYN CNG NGH M KM CGL S quy trnh cng ngh sn xut tn m km :

1. X cun. 2. X l b mt nguyn liu. 3. Thp tch t. 4. Sy kh v gia nhit. 5. Cho m km. 6. To bng.

7. X l b mt thnh phm. 8. Sy kh thnh phm. 9. Thp tch t. 10. Kim tra cht lng. 11. Thu cun.

Ty du m

Ra nc

Ty axit

Cht tr dung

M km

Cromat

Kim tra sn phm

Quy trnh cng ngh m km 1. Cp nguyn liu lin tc vo dy chuyn : Sau khi nguyn liu t tiu chun m, nguyn liu c a vo thit b x cun v ni vo cun c cp tn lin tc cho dy chuyn. 2. Ty du m v r st : Trc khi tn c a vo m phi qua cng on ty du m v r st, cng on ny bao gm 4 phn : + Dng ha cht ty du m : trc tin bng tn c i qua b nhng c nng t 23-40 im, c kch hot nhit bng hi nc t t 60o C 80 oC, sau qua hai bung phun. Bung phun c phun bng h thng bm nc p lc cao kt hp vi mt hm lng nh cht ty du ko t b nhng

qua, phun ln c hai mt ca bng tn v dng cp trc ch bng cc ty sch phn du m trn b mt tn. + Sau khi i qua hai bung phun, bng tn tip tc qua 1 bung phun nc nng nhit t 60o C 80 oC ra sch du m cng ha cht trn bng tn. + Sau khi i qua hai bung phun, bng tn tip tc qua 1 bung phun nc nng nhit t t 60o C 80 oC ra sch du m cng ha cht trn bng tn. + Kt thc cng vic ty du m, bng tn c i vo 1 b dung dch HCl vi nng t 10- 20% ty theo mc r st ca tn tin hnh ty r st. + Qua 3 v tr ty ra trn, lc ny bng tn tip tc i qua 1 b nc trng ra thnh phn axit cn li. Sau , qua 1 bung phun bng nc nng ri li qua 1 b nc trng ra ln cui v c vt kh bng 1 cp trc cao su trc khi qua cng on sy. Yu cu: thm t tt b mt cn ty, thm t v ngm su vo trong cc cht bn cn ty i; ha tan hoc x phng ha c du m ng thc vt hoc nh tng ha hay huyn ph ha c du m khong hay cc ht bn rn; lm mm nc trnh cc hp cht khng tan ca Ca, Mg, d ra sch sau khi ty; khng xm thc hay lm m b mt kim loi; trung ha tt cc axit theo vo cng vt ty nhng khng gy bin ng pH; khng i hi thi gian ty qu lu v thit b qu phc tp; cho b mt ty t yu cu ca bc tip theo (m, anot ha, sn,..); khng sinh ra qu nhiu bt khi ty cng nh ra sau . Trong cng nghip, dung dch ty thng c cc thnh phn: xt, photphat, thy tinh lng, x phng, cht ty ra tng hp, cht hu c cao phn t). NaOH l cht quan trng nht lm sch kim loi, ngoi tc dng ni trn n

cn ph hy nhiu cht hu c, ha tan kim loi lng tnh v cc oxyt ca chng; tuy nhin NaOH c qu d to thnh mng oxyt trn thp, ng, hp kim ng gy th ng hoc gy n mn i vi kim loi nh (pH 10), kim loi mu (pH > 12.5) Nhit ty du m thng l 70-900C, nhit ny qu trnh x phng ha v nh ha xy ra mnh nht. Thi gian ty ph thuc vo mc bn thng t 3- 20ph. Tng nhit v khuy dung dch hiu qu ty s tng ln. 3. Gia nhit bng tn trc khi xung cho : Sau khi ty ra sch s b mt , bng tn c a qua mt l sy nhit trc tip nhm mc ch nng nhit bng tn ln khong 200 oC trnh s mt nhit gy hi cho cho m. 4. Qu trnh m km: y l cng on quan trng nht ca dy chuyn. Bng tn sau khi t n nhit 180 200 oC s i qua ngn cha tr dung ( Ammonium Chloride v mt s kim loi khc nh Antimon, Alummium,) ty sch b mt ln cui, lm tng bng sng ca b mt km v c tnh lp m km Sau bng tn c m ph mt lp km theo yu cu, lc ny bng tn cn nng v c lm ngui nh h thng ng gi v qut ngui gn pha trn dn lm ngui. Sauk hi qua cng on lm ngui bng gi, lc ny nhit ca bng tn vn cn kh cao. V vy bng tn c chy qua mt b nc lm ngui gim nhit xung cn khong 60 80 C. ng thi trng ra nhng hn hp mui, bi km v cc tp cht khc bm trn b mt tn m nhm gi cho b mt tn m c sch s trc khi i qua cng on th ng ha. 5. Th ng ha b mt :

Sau khi c lm ngui v ra sch bng b nc, bng tn c vt kh bng mt cp trc cao su v tip tc qua b th ng ha, ti y bng tn c nhng trong b dung dch cromat vi nng 3 -7%, nhit t 55 C- 65C. Mc ch ca cng on ny l nng cao bng v nng cao bn ca lp m km, ngi ta x l lp m trong dung dch hp cht crom. i vi lp m cng dy, mu sau khi th ng, tnh bn n mn ca n cao hn 5-7 ln so vi lp m cha th ng, s to thnh lp mng th ng rn, chc, n nh c mu vng hoc mu cu vng. S hnh thnh lp mng bo v ny l do tc dng ca km vi bicromat to thnh lp mng cromat lin tc v kh tan. Thnh phn ca lp mng gm c mui cromat (III) v (VI) c tnh kim vi nc, to nn mng th ng c nhiu mu sc. Trong mng th ng t l crom (III) : crom (VI) l 1,5:1. T l ny thay i do thnh phn dung dch , nhit , khuy, v vy mu sc ca mng th ng cng thay i. Mu sc ca mng th ng nh gi cht lng ca mng. Qu trnh hnh thnh lp mng th ng gm 2 qu trnh: ha tan v to mng. Trong giai on ch yu l km ha tan. S ha tan ca km to iu kin hnh thnh mng th ng Crom oxit l thnh phn ch yu to mng. Nng crom oxit trong phm vi qui nh to thnh lp mng nhanh, thp qu sinh mng kh. Axit sunfuric c tc dng mng khng to lp sng m. Axit nitric m bo cho lp mng bng, to s bm chc gia lp m v lp mng. Trong qu trnh lm vic khng ch pH trong phm vi qui nh, lm vic mt thi gian pH ca dung dch tng ln, tc sinh mng chm. nu pH nng cao c th dng crom oxit, axit nitric, axit sunfuric iu chnh.

Nhit cao tc sinh mng nhanh, nhng nu cao qu mng ha tan. Thi gian di th mng dy nhng nu thi gian qu cng to nn s ha taan mng v bang km. Khi thao tc phi lay ng chi tit hnh thnh lp mng tt. u nhc im ca phng php : u im : Tm kim loi c bo v hon ton, thi gian s dng lu ti 50 nm, lp km ny chu c lc va p ln , chng thm, chng c cc tia cc tm. Nhc im : Phng php ny i hi phi u t dy truyn khp kn vi chi ph kh cao, lng km ln gy lng ph nn ch p dng cho mt s loi tn c bit. DY CHUYN M KM NHNG LNH Phun km l s dng p lc kh nn thi vo cc git kim loi lng thnh chm cc ht km bn vo b mt kt cu v sinh b mt. Lp mng cha ng km sau khi kh vi hm lng ty thuc vo sn phm ca cc nh sn xut. Lp ph km sau khi kh c hai chc nng bo v: Th nht l chc nng bo v th ng (passive protection) vi lp mng chn bo v kim loi nh cc loi sn truyn thng; chc nng th hai l bo v ch ng (active protection) tc chc nng chng n mn catt (Cathodic protection), chc nng ny c lp ph bo v bng m km nhng nng (hot-dip galvanizing). Dung dch giu km trn 92% Zn l mt hn hp dn in rt tt sau khi kh, do cho php dng in chy lin tc v mi hng trn lp m. y l iu kin tin quyt lp ph c chc nng chng n mn catt. Khi trong lp m c s xut hin ca m t hnh thnh dung dch in phn th s xy ra

II.

phn ng ha hc, km c in th chuyn dch electron cao hn st thp nn tham gia ngay vo qu trnh phn ng, phn tn v gii phng cc electron to ra dng in chy qua st thp lm cn tr s phn tn ca cc ion thp v bt u chu k in ha. Km tr thnh mt i tng hy sinh bo v cho st thp l catt. Qu trnh phn ng to ra hydro cc-b-nt km v cc mui km khc hnh thnh mt lp mng mng che kn b mt lp m km. Lp mng mi ny khng thm nc, ngn cn nc v thi tit tn cng lm dng qu trnh n mn in ha. Lc ny, lp mng ng vai tr nh lp bo v th ng. Khi lp mng bo v ny b h hng th cc phn t km li sn sng tham gia vo qu trnh chng n mn in ha mi. C nh th, km s hy sinh, ngay c khi lp m km b try xc th n mn cng khng th thc hin c to r ca mnh v tn cng vo bn di lp m. Qu trnh ny gip bo v cho kim loi khng b n mn v t hn gn vt thng ti cc im try xc. Dung dch giu km trn 92% Zn l mt hn hp dn in rt tt sau khi kh, do cho php dng in chy lin tc v mi hng trn lp m. y l iu kin tin quyt lp ph c chc nng chng n mn catt. Khi trong lp m c s xut hin ca m t hnh thnh dung dch in phn th s xy ra phn ng ha hc, km c in th chuyn dch electron cao hn st thp nn tham gia ngay vo qu trnh phn ng, phn tn v gii phng cc electron to ra dng in chy qua st thp lm cn tr s phn tn ca cc ion thp v bt u chu k in ha. Km tr thnh mt i tng hy sinh bo v cho st thp l catt.

1. X l b mt trc khi ph: - Lm sch b mt : kh du trn b mt vt liu v cc cht bn khc. - To nhm b mt trc khi phun ph vi b mt c ph. Chng ta c th to nhm b mt bng cc phng php nh : gia cng phun ct, gia cng phu bi (phun ct kim loi), phng php ct ren thng, phng php anot c hc to nhp nh b mt 2. Pha dung dch km : - Pha dung dch nh l pha sn truyn thng c khc l chn dung mi v thm ph gia bm dnh. 3. Phun ph : - Phun ph ln u tin to mt lp km u. - Phun ph ln hai to cho b mt lng bng hn lp km dy hn. 4. Sy : - To iu kin cho cc ht km n nh v lm kh dung mi. ng dng ca m km lnh: Thay th m km nhng nng: Sn sa lp m km nhng nng b h hng do hn, ct, khoan l. Sn ti to b mt m km nhng nng b mi trng n mn theo thi gian. M km ti cng trng hay ni sn xut m khng phi a vo xng m. Sn lt cho kt cu kim loi bt k kt hp vi loi sn truyn thn g ph ngoi cng c c mu sc nh mong mun. Lnh vc ng dng: Tr in, thp truyn ti, tr n chiu sng, anten parabol, i radar.

 Kt cu thp cng trnh, cu cng, nh xng, thit b ngoi khi, bn b, ng ng. Bo tr thit b, ph kin trong cc h thng phn phi, truyn ti, trm bin p in lc. Cng trnh in lc, du kh, giao thng, thy sn, ho cht, ng tu, x l nc thi

III. CNG NGH M MU : S quy trnh cng ngh m mu.

Dy chuyn m mu : tn c ph lp sn hu c tr thnh nhng tm tn c tnh hu c ha, mu sc tt v c tnh chng mn, chng thm. 1. Ty ra (x l b mt thp): Trc khi tn c a vo m phi qua cng on ty du m v r st, cng on ny bao gm 4 phn : -Dng ha cht ty du: Trc tin tn en c i qua 1 b phun dung dch NaOH c nng t 23 - 40 im, c kch hot nhit bng hi nc t t 60oC 80oC, sau qua hai bung phun. Bung phun c phun bng h

thng bm p lc cao kt hp vi mt hm lng nh cht ty du ko t b nhng qua, phun ln c hai mt ca bng tn. -Cng on tip theo: bng tn tip tc qua cc cp trc ch bng cc ty sch phn du trn b mt tn. -Sau khi i qua hai bung phun, bng tn tip tc qua 1 bung phun nc nng nhit t 60oC 80oC ra sch du m cng ha cht trn bng tn. - Cng on sau cng: bng tn i qua h thng sy kh 2. Sn lt : Sau khi c x l b mt, thp c lm sch gn nh hon ton , bng tn c dn vo b phn sn lt. Sau bng tn c a ti thit b sy. 3. Sy : Khi bng tn c m ph mt lp sn theo yu cu, lc ny bng tn phi c sy kh sn c th dnh cht vo thp, ng thi lm kh b mt thp tin hnh sn ln 2. H thng sy c th s dng bao gm sy bng hi nc hoc khng kh c lm nng. 4. .Sn thnh phm: Sau khi tn c sy kh, lc ny tin hnh sn ln 2. Sau , tip tc c sy kh tng bm dnh ca sn. 5. Thnh phm v lu kho : Tn sau khi m mu xong s c b phn KCS phn loi A, B , C theo tiu chun cht lng sn phm quy nh. Sau khi ra cun, tn c em i cn, dn mark v chuyn v kho bn giao li cho b phn kho.