Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn

Bi tp t bin.
A. L thuyt: I. t bin: t bin l nhng bin i xy ra trong vt cht di truyn (AND, NST), dn n lm bin i t ngt tnh trng ca sinh vt. t bin l loi bin d di truyn. II. t bin gen: 1. Khi nim: t bin gen l nhng bin i trong cu trc ca gen lin quan ti mt hoc mt s cp nucleotit. t bin gen l bin d di truyn c. Hoc c th nh ngha: t bin gen l nhng bin i trong thnh phn, s lng v trt t sp xp cc nucleotit, xy ra ti mt im no ca phn t AND. 2. Nguyn nhn v c ch pht sinh: Do tc ng ca cc tc nhn vt l (cng nh sng, sc nhit, tia t ngoi, tia phng x) v cc tc nhn ha hc (cht c da cam, thuc tr su, thuc khng sinh) trong mi trng sng; hoc do nhng bin i ri lon cc qu trnh sinh l, ha sinh bn trong c thlm ri lon qu trnh nhn i ca phn t AND, c th lm chn thng t on AND, hoc ni on AND b t vo v tr mi t gy bin i cu trc gen dn ti bin i cu trc ca loi Protein tng ng do gen quy nh. Kt qu l lm bin i tnh trng ca sinh vt v c th di truyn cho cc th h sau. Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 1

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn 3. Cc dng t bin gen: - in hnh l cc dng: Mt, thm hoc thay th mt hoc mt s cp nucleotit. 4. Hu qu v tnh cht biu hin: - a s t bin gen l c hi, nhng phn ln chng l gen ln nn ch biu hin khi gp iu kin thun li hoc khi th ng hp ln. - Mt s t t bin gen c li hay trung tnh. - Qua giao phi, nu gp t hp gen c li th mt t bin gen c hi cng c th tr thnh c li. y l ngun nguyn liu qu cho tin ha v chn ging. - Cc tnh trng t bin xut hin t, l t, gin on, v hng, c kh nng di truyn. III. t bin nhim sc th: 1. Khi nim: t bin NST l nhng bin i trong cu trc hoc s lng NST dn n nhng bin i kiu hnh ca sinh vt. 2. Nguyn nhn v c ch pht sinh: - Do tc ng ca cc tc nhn vt l (cng nh sng, sc nhit, tia t ngoi, tia phng x) v cc tc nhn ha hc (cht c da cam, thuc tr su, thuc khng sinh) trong mi trng sng; hoc do nhng bin i ri lon cc qu trnh sinh l, ha sinh bn trong c th gy ri lon qu trnh phn bo dn ti s phn li khng bnh thng ca cc cp NST, hoc nh hng ti qu trnh nhn i lm ph v cu trc ca NST. 3. Cc dng t bin NST: Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 2

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn a. t bin cu trc NST: Gm cc dng in hnh l: mt on, lp on, o on v chuyn on NST. Dng chuyn on NST thng xy ra gia cc NST kp trong cp tng ng, vo k u ca gim phn ln I. b. t bin s lng NST: gm 2 dng - t bin th d bi: * Th d bi l c th m trong t bo sinh dng cha 1 hoc mt s cp NST b thay i v s lng. * Hin tng d bi th: + Do qu trnh gim phn b ri lon nn mt hoc mt s cp NST khng phn li c dn ti hnh thnh cc giao t t bin, trong mt giao t cha c 2 NST ca cp (n+1) v mt giao t khng cha NST no ca cp tng ng (n-1). Cc giao t ny kt hp vi giao t bnh thng (n) trong qu trnh th tinh to nn th d bi (2n+1), (2n-1) + S P GP F1 2n n x 2n n + 1, n 1 2n + 1; 2n 1

+ C th c cc dng: 2n 1; 2n 2 - t bin th a bi: * Th a bi l c th m trong t bo sinh dng cha b NST l bi s ca n (ln hn 2n). * Hin tng a bi th:

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn + Do tc ng ca cc yu t gy t bin lm ri lon qu trnh phn bo khin tt c cc cp NST khng phn li c. Khi : Trong qu trnh nguyn phn, t t bo 2n do cc cp NST u khng phn li c hnh thnh cc dng a bi th nh 4n, 6n Trong qu trnh gim phn, v cc cp NST u khng phn li c to ra 2 loi giao t t bin cha ton b cc cp NST (2n). Giao t ny kt hp vi giao t bnh thng (n) hoc giao t t bin (2n) khc trong th tinh s hnh thnh cc dng a bi th nh 3n, 4n + S P 2n x 2n GP n F1 3n 2n P GP F1 2n 2n 4n x 2n 2n

+ Cc dng: a bi chn (4n, 6n) v a bi l (3n, 5n) 4. Hu qu v tnh cht biu hin: a. Hu qu, ngha: - a s t bin NST l c hi cho sinh vt. Chng thng gy ra nhng bin i ln kiu hnh ca sinh vt. VD: t bin th d bi 3NST 21 ngi gy bnh ao; Mt s t bin cu trc NST gy ra tt khe h mi hm, bn tay mt ngn, bn tay nhiu ngn, bn tay mt ngn v dnh ngn ngi; t bin cu trc NST cng gy ra b 6 chn, ln 4 mt - Tuy nhin mt s t t bin NST c li (ch yu thc vt). Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 4

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn VD: t bin a bi th thc vt lm s lng NST trong t bo a bi tng gp bi hm lng AND tng gp bi qu trnh trao i cht, qu trnh ng ha din ra mnh m kch thc t bo th a bi ln hn bnh thng, c quan sinh dng to, sc sinh trng v pht trin mnh, kh nng chng chu tt y l iu quan trng v c ngha ln trong chn ging v tin ha. b. Tnh cht biu hin: t bin NST xy ra t, l t, gin on, v hng. C kh nng di truyn.

B. Cc dng bi tp I. Bi tp p dng t bin gen: 1. Dng 1: Nhn bit dng t bin Bi 1: Cho mt on gen nh sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn Hy v li on gen ny nu n b t bin thuc dng: a. Mt cp nucltit s 5. b. Thay cp nucltit s 4 bng cp s 4. c. Thm mt cp nucltit vo v tr gia hai cp s 7 v 8. Bi 2: Mt on gen sau t bin c trt t cc cp nucltit nh sau:
A T T A X G X G A T A T G X X G T A

Vit trt t nucltit ca on gen trc t bin nu: a. c t bin lp cp nucltit s 3. b. c t bin mt 1 cp A T sau cp nucltit s 6. c. c t bin thay th mt cp nucltit khc loi v tr cp s 5. (V tr cc cp nucltit tnh t tri qua phi). Bi 3: Mt gen B b t bin thnh gen b. Gen b c chiu di hn gen B 3,4 AO. Xc nh dng t bin xy ra vi gen B. Hng dn: Gen b sau t bin di hn gen B 3,4 Ao tng ng gen b nhiu hn gen B 1 cp nucleotit. Vy y l t bin gen dng thm mt cp nucleotit.

2. Dng 2: p dng t bin gen vo ton AND. Bi 1:

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn Mt gen cha 2900 lin kt Hir. Do gen ny b mt dng t bin nn gen to thnh c 2903 lin kt Hir. Xc nh dng t bin v cho bit s nucltit mi loi trong gen s thay i nh th no? Hng dn: Gen sau t bin c s lin kt Hidro tng ln 3 lin kt, c th xy ra cc dng t bin gen sau: + t bin thm 1 cp G X. Khi trong gen mi c s G v X tng thm 1 nucleotit mi loi, s A v T khng i. + t bin thay th 3 cp A T bng 3 cp G X. Khi trong gen mi c s G v X tng thm 3 nucleotit mi loi, s A v T gim 3 nucleotit mi loi. Bi 2: Mt phn t ADN di 36720A o b t bin mt i mt on di 1836Ao; on mt i c t l A : G = 1 : 2. 1. on ADN cn li c bao nhiu nucltit. 2. Nu on cn li nhn i 3 ln lin tip th mi trng cn cung cp mi loi nucltit gim i bao nhiu nucltit. Hng dn: 1. S nucleotit ca on AND cn li l: (36720 1836):3,4 x 2 = 20520 2. S nucleotit mI trng cung cp s gim i chnh l on mt. M on AND mt c s nucleotit trn tng mch l: 1836:3,4 = 540 Mi loi nucleotit trong on mt l: A = T = 540:3 = 180 G = X = 540 180 = 360 Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 7

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn Vy s nucleotit mi trng cung cp gim i l: Amt = Tmt = 180(23-1) = 1260 Gmt = Xmt = 360(23-1) = 2520 II. Bi tp p dng t bin NST: 1. Dng 1: Nhn bit dng t bin Bi 1: Cho mt NST c k hiu gen l: ABCDEF. Do t bin nn NST mi c k hiu gen l: a. ABCF. b. ABCBCDEF Xc nh cc dng t bin trn. Hng dn: a. Mt on DE; BCD thnh CBD Bi 2: Cho bit b NST lng bi 2n mt s loi nh sau: Ng: 20; Khoai ty: 48; C ci: 18; C chua: 24; 24; Da chut: 14; u H Lan: 14; Bng: 52; 18; b. Lp on BC; c. o on

c. ADCBEF.

La

nc:

Ci bp:

Xc nh s lng NST trong giao t bnh thng, trong t bo 3n, t bo 4n ca cc loi trn? Cc t bo 3n, 4n thuc dng t bin no? Hng dn: Loi Ng Khoai ty C ci C chua La nc Da chut u H Lan Bng Ci bp 2n 20 48 18 24 24 14 14 52 18 n 10 24 9 12 12 7 7 26 9 3n 30 72 27 36 36 21 21 78 27 4n 40 96 36 48 48 28 28 104 36

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn Cc t bo 3n v 4n thuc t bin s lng NST, dng a bi th. Bi 3: mt loi thc vt c 2n = 8, cc cp NST k hiu t I n IV. Khi quan st tiu bn t bo ca 2 c th trong loi ngi ta thy: Cp NST s Cp NST s Cp NST s Cp NST s I II III IV C th 1 C th 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 3

a. Hin tng g xy ra vi b NST ca 2 c th trn? Nu tn gi c th ca hin tng ? b. Trnh by c ch hnh thnh b NST ca c th 2. Hng dn: a. Hin tng: t bin s lng NST. C th 1 b t bin th d bi dng 2n-1 (cp NST s 2 ch c 1 NST), c th 2 b t bin th a bi 3n. b. C ch: + Do tc ng ca cc yu t gy t bin lm ri lon qu trnh gim phn, cc cp NST u khng phn li c to ra loi giao t t bin cha ton b cc cp NST (2n). Giao t ny kt hp vi giao t bnh thng (n) trong th tinh s hnh thnh cc dng a bi th nh 3n. + S : P GP F1 2n x 2n n 2n 3n

2. Dng 2: p dng t bin NST vo bi tp lai Menen. Bi 1: Xc nh t l cc loi giao t to ra t cc t bo sinh dc: Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 9

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn a. AAAA; e. AAA; Hng dn: a. 100% AA; d. 1Aa : 1aa e. 1AA : 1A; : 1aa : 1A : 2a Bi 2: ng, t bo ht phn v t bo non ca cy t bi l lng bi c kh nng th tinh. Nhng ht phn ca cy d bi (n+1) khng c kh nng th tinh, non ca cy d bi (n+1) c kh nng th tinh. Cho gen B ht vng, gen b ht trng. Xc nh kt qu php lai: a. BBbb x Bb b. BBb c. BBb Hng dn: a. P F1 b. P GP F1 : 1bbb (35 : 1 trng) IIi. Bi tp luyn tp: Bi 1: Mt on gen c trt t cc cp nucltit nh sau: Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 10 BBbb x Bb 1B, 1b GP 1BB, 4Bb, 1bb x BBbb x Bb f. 1AA : 2Aa : 2A : 1a; g. 1aa : 1a; h. 2Aa b. 1AA : 1Aa; c. 1AA : 4 Aa : 1 aa b. AAAa; f. AAa; c. AAaa; g. aaa; d. Aaaa; h. Aaa;

1BBB : 5BBb : 5 Bbb : 1 bbb (11 : 1 trng) BBb 1BB, 2Bb, 2b, 1b x BBbb 1BB, 4 Bb, 1bb

1BBBB : 6BBBb : 9BBbb : 2BBB : 9BBb : 2Bbbb : 6Bbb

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn

X G X G A T T A G X A T G X X G T A

1. Vit li trt t cc nucltit ca on gen ny sau khi n b t bin (tnh t tri sang phi): a. Mt cp nucltit s 7. b. Lp li cp nucltit s 4. c. Thay th cp nucltit s 2 bng cp A T. 2. Trong cc trng hp t bin trn, trng hp no lm cho s lin kt hir trong on gen gim i. Bi 2: Mt on mch ca phn t ADN c trt t cc nucltit nh sau: -ATXAGXGTA1. Xc nh trt t cc nucltit trn c 2 mch ca on ADN hon chnh. 2. Nu on ADN ny b t bin mt cp nucltit v tr s 3 (t tri qua phi) th trt t cc cp nuclotit trn on mi nh th no? Bi 3: Cho mt gen c k hiu cc nucltit trn mt mch nh sau:
-ATTGXAAXGTTAGXT-

Xc nh cc dng t bin khi mch gen ny sau t bin c k hiu l: a. b. c. d.

-ATTGXAAXGTGXT-A T T G X A A X G T T A G X T T A G-ATTGXGX- AAXGTTAGXT-ATTGXAAXGTTAGGA-

Hng dn: a. Mt 2 cp nucleotit cha A - T trn mch (th 3 v 4 t phi qua tri) b. Thm 3 cp nucleotit cha T A G trn mch (3 cp cui cng) c. Thm 2 cp nucleotit cha G X trn mch (th 4 v 5 hoc 6 v 7 t tri qua phi) Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 11

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn d. Thay th 2 cp nucleotit cui cng cha X T trn mch c thnh 2 cp cha GA trn mch mi. Bi 4: Cho mt gen c k hiu cc nuclotit trn mch 1 nh sau: AATGXGTAGGX Vit k hiu cc nuclotit trn mch 1 ca gen sau t bin dng: a. Mt cp nucltit s 5. b. Lp on cha cc cp nuclotit s 3 n 5. c. Thm mt on gen k hiu ca mch 1 tng ng l GTA. d. Thay th cp nuclotit s 7. (V tr cc cp nucltit tnh t tri qua phi). Bi 5: Cho mt NST c k hiu gen l: ABCDEFGH. Vit k hiu gen ca NST trn sau khi b t bin: a. Mt on cha cc gen CDE. b. Lp on cha cc gen EF. c. o on cha cc gen CDEFG. Bi 6: Cho bit b NST n bi trong cc giao t bnh thng ca mt s loi nh sau: C rt: 9; To: 17; Mo: 19; Mn: 24; L: 17; Chut nh: 20; o: 7; Ch: 39; Tinh tinh: 24. Xc nh s lng NST c trong t bo lng bi, tam bi v t bi ca mi loi trn. Bi 7: Xt 2 cp NST tng ng: Cp I gm: NST1 cha cc gen k hiu l: ABCD NST2 cha cc gen k hiu l: abcd. Cp II gm: NST1 cha cc gen k hiu l: EFGHI. NST2 cha cc gen k hiu l: efghi. Khi t bo sinh dc cha 2 cp NST trn gim phn to giao t xy ra: + Trng hp 1: Xut hin mt loi giao t l: ACBD; EFGHI. Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 12

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn + Trng hp 2: Xut hin mt loi giao t l: BCD; efghi. + Trng hp 3: Xut hin mt loi giao t l: abcdcd; EFGHI. + Trng hp 4: Xut hin mt loi giao t l: EFCD; ABGHI. Hy gii thch v vit thnh phn gen ca cc giao t cn li ca mi trng hp trn. Bit trt t gen trn cc NST khc khng i. Hng dn: + Trng hp 1: t bin o on BC thnh CB, cc giao t cn li l: ACBD;efghi BCD;efghi abcdcd;efghi abcd; EFGHI abcd;EFGHI ABCD;EFGHI abcd;efghi abcd;efghi ABCD;efghi + Trng hp 2: t bin mt on A, cc giao t cn li l: + Trng hp 3: t bin lp on cd, cc giao t cn li l: + Trng hp 4: t bin chuyn on AB v EF gia NST I1 v NST II1, cc giao t cn li l: EFCD;efghi abcd;ABGHI abcd;efghi

Bi 8: c chua, mu qu do gen A quy nh tri hon ton so vi mu qu vng do gen a quy nh. Khi gy a bi cy c chua qu c cc dng c kiu gen AAAa, AAaa, Aaaa. Hy xc nh F1 khi cho cc dng c chua trn giao phn vi nhau. Bit cc ht phn v non lng bi c sc sng bnh thng. Bi 9: Do t bin nn ngi c nhng dng XO, XXY, XXX; v cng do t bin nn gen h trn NST X gy bnh mu kh ng. a. Mt cp v chng bnh thng sinh ra mt con gi XO b bnh mu kh ng. Hy gii thch. 13

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn b. Mt ph n b bnh mu kh ng ly chng bnh thng. H sinh mt con trai b bnh v mt con gi bnh thng c NST gii tnh dng XXY v XXX. Hy gii thch. c. Mt ph n b bnh mu kh ng ly chng bnh thng. H sinh mt con trai XXY. Hy gii thch khi: + Ngi con trai ny b bnh. + Ngi con trai ny khng b bnh. Hng dn: a. C con gi b bnh nn c kiu gen XhO, m b bnh thng nn c kiu gen XHY. Vy ngi m bnh thng phi c kiu gen XHXh. C con gi nhn Xh t m nhng khng nhn c NST gii tnh t b, tc l trong qu trnh gim phn to giao t ca b b t bin, cp NST gii tnh khng phn li c to 1 giao t cha c 2 NST gii tnh XY v 1 giao t khng cha NST gii tnh. S lai: P XHXh x XHY GP XH, Xh XHY,O F1 XhO b. M b bnh c kiu gen XhXh v b bnh thng c kiu gen XHY. Con gi c 3 NST gii tnh XXX v khng b bnh mu kh ng phi c kiu gen XHXhXh do nhn XH t b v nhn XhXh t m. Vy qu trnh gim phn to giao t m b t bin sinh ra mt giao t cha c 2 NST gii tnh XX v mt giao t khng c NST gii tnh. Ngi con trai b bnh c kiu gen XhXhY S lai: P XhXh GP XhXh,O x XHY XH, Y 14

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn F1 gen XHY. + Nu ngi con trai b bnh phi mang kiu gen XhXhY, anh ta phi nhn XhXh t m v nhn Y t b. Vy Vy qu trnh gim phn to giao t m b t bin sinh ra mt giao t cha c 2 NST gii tnh XX v mt giao t khng c NST gii tnh. XHXhXh, XhXhY c. M b bnh c kiu gen XhXh v b bnh thng c kiu

S lai: P XhXh x XHY GP XhXh,O XH, Y F1 XhXhY + Nu ngi con trai khng b bnh phi mang kiu gen XHXhY, anh ta phi nhn Xh t m v nhn XHY t b. Vy trong qu trnh gim phn to giao t ca b b t bin, cp NST gii tnh khng phn li c to 1 giao t cha c 2 NST gii tnh XY v 1 giao t khng cha NST gii tnh. S lai: P GP F1 XhXh Xh XHY XHY,O XHXhY x

Bi 10: Do t bin nn ngi c nhng dng XO, XXY; v cng do t bin nn gen m trn NST X gy bnh m mu. Mt ph n b bnh m mu ly chng bnh thng. H sinh mt con trai. a. Nu ngi con trai ny c NST gii tnh l XXY v b bnh.Vit s lai. b. Nu ngi con trai ny c NST gii tnh l XXY v khng b bnh.Vit s lai. Bi 11: Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 15

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn Mt gen di 5100AO, vi A chim 18% tng s nucltit ca gen. Do mt dng t bin gen b gim i 6 lin kt Hir. Xc nh dng t bin v s nucltit mi loi trong gen sau t bin. Hng dn: C th xy ra mt trong 3 dng t bin gen sau: + Mt 2 cp G X + Mt 3 cp A T + Thay th 6 cp G X bng 6 cp A T. (S nucleotit mi loi ca tng trng hp HS t tnh) Bi 12: Mt gen c 3000 nucltit, cha 12% X. Do b t bin gen mt i mt on cha 5% s cp nucltit loi GX so vi tng s cp nucltit loi GX ca gen, s cp nucltit loi AT khng i. a. Cho bit khi nim v cc dng ca loi t bin trn. b. Tnh s nucltit mi loi trong gen sau t bin. Hng dn: a. y l t bin gen: t bin gen l nhng bin i trong cu trc ca gen lin quan ti mt hoc mt s cp nucleotit. t bin gen l bin d di truyn c. - in hnh l cc dng: Mt, thm hoc thay th mt hoc mt s cp nucleotit. b. Gen ban u c: G = X = 12%.3000 = 360; Gen sau t bin c: G = X = 95%.360 = 342; A = T = 1140 Bi 13: Cp gen BB tn ti trn NST thng u di 0,408m, u c A : G = 9 : 7. Do t bin, mt gen B bin thnh gen b c A : G = 13 : 3 v to ra c th Bb. Chiu di cc gen khng i. Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 16 A = T = 1140

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn Nu c th Bb trn t th phn, c xy ra s ri lon phn bo I ca gim phn vi c th c. Tnh s nucltit mi loi trong tng loi hp t i con. Hng dn: + Gen B c: A = T = 675; + Gen b c: A = T = 975; + S lai: P Bb x Bb GP B,b Bb,O F1 BBb, Bbb, BO, bO + Hp t BBb c: A = T = 675.2 + 975 = 2325 G = X = 525.2 +225 = 1275 + Hp t Bbb c: A = T = 675 + 975.2 = 2625 G = X = 525 + 225.2 = 975 + Hp t BO c: A = T = 675; +Hp t bO c: A = T = 975; G = X = 525 G = X = 225 G = X = 525 G = X = 225

Bi 14: Mt c th cha cp gen Aa c L = 0,51m. Gen A c 3900 lin kt Hir, gen a c A G = 18%. Do t bin, c th Aa thnh AAaa. 1. Tnh s nucltit mi loi ca c th t bi trn. 2. Tnh s nucltit mi loi trong cc loi giao t bnh thng sinh ra t c th t bi trn. Bi 15: Xt 3 cp NST tng ng ca ngi c: cp NST 21 cha 1 cp gen d hp, cp NST 22 cha 2 cp gen d hp, cp NST 23 cha 1 cp gen ng hp. 1. Xc nh kiu gen c trn 3 cp NST trn.

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

17

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn 2. Khi gim phn bnh thng, thnh phn gen trong mi loi giao t nh th no? 3. Khi gim phn ch c hin tng t bin d bi cp 23, thnh phn gen trong mi loi giao t nh th no? Bi 16: Mt cp gen d hp Aa di 5100Ao. Gen A c 20% A, gen a c 15% G. Do t bin to ra th Aaa. 1. Tnh s nucltit mi loi ca th t bin trn. 2. Tnh s nucltit mi loi trong tng loi giao t sinh ra t th t bin trn. Bi 17: Mt gen di 5100Ao b dt bin mt i mt on gm 2 mch di bng nhau v bng 1/10 so vi c gen. on mt i c A = 1/4G, on cn li c G = 1/4A. a. Tnh s lng v t l % mi loi nucltit ca gen ban u. b. Khi on gen cn li t nhn i to ra 4 on mi th s lng mi loi nucltit mi trng cn cung cp gim bao nhiu nuclti. Bi 18: Mt gen di 5100Ao, c 3600 lin kt Hir. Gen ny b t bin ng chm ti 1 cp nucltit. a. Nu t bin lm thay i s lin kt Hir th chiu di ca gen thay i nh th no. b. Khi mc trng cn cung cp mi loi bao nhiu nucltit gen ti bn 4 ln lin tip. Bi 19: Mt t bo cha 2 NST. NST I cha 6 gen, NST II cha 4 gen. Cc gen trn mi NST sp xp k tip nhau lm thnh 1 phn t ADN. Mi gen u di 5100Ao. Phn t ADN NST I c 30% A, phn t ADN NST II c 15% A. t bin xy ra lm mi phn t ADN b t 1 on di bng nhau v chuyn on cho nhau tr thnh 2 phn t ADN mi. Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012 18

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn Phn t ADN mi m ngun gc phn ln vt cht t NST I c s lng lin kt Hir ca loi cp AT gim i 2100 lin kt so vi khi cha t bin. a. Tnh L v M ca mi phn t khi cha t bin. b. Tnh s lng v t l % tng loi nucltit trong mi phn t ADN cha t bin. c. Tnh s lng v t l % tng loi nucltit trong mi phn t ADN sau t bin. d. Sau t bin, t bo ny nhn i 4 ln lin tip th mi trng cn cung cp bao nhiu nucltit mi loi.

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

19

Chuyn t bin Nguyn Hng Sn

Trng T.H.C.S Tin Du, Ngy 23 thng 02 nm 2012

20