Cu 1: Mng my tnh l g? Trnh by cc thnh phn c bn v c im ca mt mng my tnh.

TT Ni dung A Mng my tnh l Mng my tnh l tp hp cc my tnh c lp (autonomous) c kt ni vi nhau thng qua cc ng truyn vt l v tun theo cc quy c truyn thng no . B Cc thnh phn c bn ca mng: My ch Server cung cp dch v cho my trm ; Cc my trm Client ngi s dng lm vic trn ; ng truyn; u ni; Cc thit b trung tm;

Card mng ( NIC). c im ca mi trng mng: Mng l mi trng nhiu ngi dng: c im ny pht sinh nhu cu chia s d liu cng nh nhu cu bo v d liu, hay ni ng hn l bo v tnh ring t ca ngi s dng; Mng l mi trng a nhim: ti mt thi im c th thc hin nhiu nhim v cng lc; Mng l mi trng phn tn.

Cu 2: Mng ngang hng( peer to peer network) l g? Nu u im v nhc im ca mng ngang hng.

TT Ni dung A Mng ngang hng( peer to peer network) l g? Mng ngang hng( peer to peer network) l mng m trong cc my tnh c quyn bnh ng nh nhau, mi my tnh c quyn chia s ti nguyn v s dng cc ti nguyn t my tnh khc. Ni mt cch khc, trong mng ngang hng khng c vic bin mt my tnh khc thnh trm lm vic ca mnh.

+ u im v nhc im ca mng ngang hng: u im: + + + C kh nng chia s ti nguyn cho nhiu ngi dng; Trao i thng tin nh phng tin my tnh; Cho php cc ng dng ti mt thi im cn c nhiu ngi truy cp.

Nhc im: + + + C tnh bo mt km; D liu qun l dng phn tn; Khng c kh nng chng qua ti mng.

Cu 3: So snh s ging nhau v khc nhau gia mng LAN v mng WAN.

TT

Ni dung Phn bit s khc nhau gia mng LAN v mng WAN Mng LAN: + + + Tc truyn d liu cao; Phm vi a l gii hn; S hu ca mt c quan/t chc.

Mng WAN: + + + Tc truyn d liu khng cao; Phm vi a l khng gii hn; Thng trin khai da vo cc cng ty truyn thng, bu in v dng cc h

thng truyn thng ny to dng ng truyn; + Mt mng WAN c th l s hu ca mt tp on/t chc hoc l mng ni ca nhiu tp on/t chc.

Cu 16: Mng khch/ch ( Client/server Network) l g?; u im ca mng Client/server? c im ca mng Client/server :

TT

Ni dung Mng khch/ch ( Client/server Network) Mng Client/server l mng m trong c mt s my ng vai tr cung ng dch v theo yu cu ca cc my trm. Cc my trm trong m hnh ny gi l my khch, l ni gi cc yu cu x l v my ch. My ch x l v gi kt qu v my khch. My khch c th tip tc x l cc kt qu ny phc v cho cng vic u im ca mng Client/server : - Cho php c iu khin tp trung v khng tp trung cc ti nguyn v bo mt d liu c th c iu khin qua mt s my chuyn dng - Chng qu ti mng - m bo ton vn d liu - Gim chi ph pht trin cc h thng ng dng phn mm trin khai trn mng c im ca mng Client/server : - Mng khch/ch cho php mng tp trung cc chc nng v cc ng dng ti mt hay nhiu my dch v file chuyn dng - Cc my dch v file tr thnh trung tm ca h thng, cung cp truy cp ti cc ti nguyn v cung cp s bo mt - H iu hnh mng khch/ch cung cp c ch tch hp tt c cc b phn ca mng v cho php nhiu ngi dng ng thi chia s cng mt ti nguyn, bt k v tr a l

Cu 7 :

Da vo nhng tiu ch no phn loi mng my tnh? Trnh by cc loi mng da vo khong cch a l. Phn bit s khc nhau gia mng Internet v Intranet.

TT Ni dung A Cc tiu ch phn loi mng C nhiu cch phn loi mng khc nhau tu thuc vo yu t chnh c chn dng lm ch tiu phn loi, thng thng ngi ta phn loi mng theo cc tiu ch nh sau - Khong cch a l ca mng; - K thut chuyn mch m mng p dng; - Kin trc mng; - H iu hnh mng s dng ... Tuy nhin trong thc t ngui ta thng ch phn loi theo hai tiu ch u tin. Phn loi mng theo khong cch a l: Nu ly khong cch a l lm yu t phn loi mng th ta c mng cc b, mng th, mng din rng, mng ton cu. Mng cc b ( LAN - Local Area Network ) : L mng c ci t trong phm vi tng i nh hp nh trong mt to nh, mt x nghip...vi khong cch ln nht gia cc my tnh trn mng trong vng vi km tr li. Mng th ( MAN - Metropolitan Area Network ) : L mng c ci t trong phm vi mt th, mt trung tm vn ho x hi, c bn knh ti a khong 100 km tr li. Mng din rng ( WAN - Wide Area Network ) : L mng c din tch bao ph rng ln, phm vi ca mng c th vt bin gii quc gia thm ch c lc a. Mng ton cu ( GAN - Global Area Network ) : L mng c phm vi tri rng ton cu. Phn bit s khc nhau gia mng Internet v mng Intranet:

+ Mng Internet: L mt mng ton cu;

L s kt hp ca v s cc h thng truyn thng, my ch cung cp thng tin v dch v, cc my trm khai thc thng tin; Da trn nhiu nn tng truyn thng khc nhau, nhng u trn nn giao thc TCP/IP; L s hu chung ca ton nhn loi; Cng ngy cng pht trin mnh lit.

+ Mng Intranet : L mt mng Internet thu nh; Thng trin khai trong mt cng ty, t chc, c quan hoc x nghip; C gii hn phm vi ngi s dng; S dng cng ngh kim sot truy cp v bo mt thng tin.

Cu 8: So snh s ging nhau v khc nhau gia m hnh OSI v m hnh TCP/IP

TT A

Ni dung So snh s ging nhau v khc nhau gia m hnh OSI v m hnh TCP/IP + Ging nhau: C hai u c kin trc phn lp; C hai u c lp ng dng, mc d cc dch v mi lp khc nhau; C hai u c lp vn chuyn v lp mng; S dng k thut chuyn mch gi;

Cc nh qun tr mng chuyn nghip cn bit r c hai m hnh trn. + Khc nhau:

TCP/IP kt hp lp m t v lp phin vo lp ng dng ca n; TCP/IP kt hp lp lin kt d liu v lp vt l thnh mt lp; TCP/IP phc tp hn OSI v c t lp hn;

Cc giao thc TCP/IP l cc chun pht trin ph bin pht trin trn Internet, v th m hnh TCP/IP ln na c tn nhim ch v cc giao thc ca n. Ngc li cc mng in hnh khng c xy dng trn cc giao thc OSI.

Cu 14 Trnh by vai tr, chc nng v hot ng ca Card mng (NIC : Network Interface Card).

TT Ni dung A - L mt Card c cm trc tip vo my tnh hoc tch hp trn bo mch ch ca my tnh. Trn c cc mch in gip cho vic tip nhn(Receiver) hoc pht tn hiu( Tranmister) ln mng. giao tip vi cp mng, ngi ta thng dng thit b kt ni khc nhau B Qa trnh truyn d liu trn mng c thc hin nh sau: - NIC c nhim v chun b v chuyn d liu t my tnh ti ng truyn. Nhng d liu ny di chuyn trong Bus ca my tnh dng song song vi 8, 16, 32 bit. NIC phi chuyn i nhng tn hiu ny sang dng chui th mi c th truyn; - Ngc li, khi nhn d liu th phi chuyn i t dng chui sang dng song song vi 8, 16, 32 bit. C ch chuyn i d liu c thc hin theo hai bc: - Th nht, khi d liu my tnh chun b chuyn ln mng, th NIC Driver hoc b phn mm giao tip c nhim v chuyn i d liu sang dng m NIC c th hiu c; - Phn tip theo l th hin d liu dng chui bng cc loi tn hiu nh dng s, dng tng t, hoc xung nh sng.
Cu 15: Trnh by cch phn loi mng my tnh theo phng php chuyn mch. K thut chuyn mch gi c nhng u im g so vi chuyn mch knh.

TT

Ni dung Mng chuyn mch knh (Circuit Switched Networks) - Trc khi trao i thng tin, h thng s thit lp kt ni gia 2 thc th bng mt

ng truyn vt l. Thc th ch nu bn, kt ni ny s b hu b. - Duy tr kt ni trong sut qu trnh 2 thc th trao i thng tin - Gii phng kt ni: Sau khi truyn xong d liu, kt ni s c hu b, gii phng cc ti nguyn b chim dng sn sng phc v cho cc yu cu kt ni khc. Mng chuyn mch gi (Packet Switched Networks) - Nguyn l chuyn mch gi: Thng ip (Message) ca ngi s dng c chia thnh nhiu gi nh (Packet) c di quy nh. di gi tin cc i (Maximum Transfer Unit) MTU trong cc mng khc nhau l khc nhau. - Cc gi tin ca mt thng ip c th truyn c lp trn nhiu tuyn hng ch v cc gi tin ca nhiu thng ip khc nhau c th cng truyn trn mt tuyn lin mng. - Ti mi node, cc gi tin c tip nhn, lu tr, x l ti b nh, khng cn phi lu tr tm thi trn b nh ngoi (nh a cng) v c chuyn tip n node k tip. nh tuyn cc gi tin qua mng nhanh hn v hiu qu hn.
Mng chuyn mch thng bo

- Thng bo (message) l mt n v thng tin ca ngi s dng c khun dng c qui nh trc. Mi thng bo u c cha vng thng tin iu khin trong ch nh r ch ca thng bo. Cn c vo thng tin ny m mi nt trung gian c th chuyn thng bo ti nt k tip theo ng dn ti ch ca n. - Mi nt cn phi lu tr tm thi c c thng tin iu khin trn thng bo sau chuyn tip thng bo i. Tu thuc vo iu kin ca mng, cc thng bo khc nhau c th truyn theo ng truyn khc nhau.

Cu 18: a). Subnet Mask l g? Cho v d. b). Trnh by a ch IP lp A, lp B v lp C. Cho v d.

TT Ni dung A Subnet Mask l Subnet Mask l mt chui 32 bt, dng xc nh phn a ch mng trong a ch IP ca

mt my trn mng. Chui Subnet Mask c thnh lp theo qua tc sau: Bt ti v tr NetID c gi tr bng 1 Bt ti v tr HostID c gi tr bng 0

V d: a ch IP nh sau: 192.168.101.1 Subnet Mask l: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 B a ch IP lp A, lp B v lp C + a ch lp A: a ch lp A c s dng cho cc mng c s lng my trm ln, a ch lp A c cc c im nh sau: Bt cao nht c gi tr bng 0

Byte cao nht s dng lm a ch mng, 3 byte cn li c s dng lm a ch my Nh vy, mi mng ca lp A c kh nng qun l c 224-2 my V d: 100.1.10.1 + a ch lp B : a ch lp B c s dng cho cc mng c s lng my trm trung bnh, a ch lp B c cc c im nh sau: Bt cao nht c gi tr bng 10

2 Byte cao nht s dng lm a ch mng, 2 byte cn li c s dng lm a ch my Nh vy, mi mng ca lp B c kh nng qun l c 216-2 my V d: 178.45.67.110 + a ch lp C : a ch lp C c s dng cho cc mng c s lng my trm t, a ch lp C c cc c im nh sau:

Bt cao nht c gi tr bng 110

3 Byte cao nht s dng lm a ch mng, 1 byte cn li c s dng lm a ch my Nh vy, mi mng ca lp C c kh nng qun l c 28-2 my V d: 201.4.56.20

Cu 19: a). Trnh by chc nng ca cc tng trong 2 m hnh OSI v TCP/IP. b). So snh s ging v khc nhau ca 2 m hnh ny. c). Cc n v d liu ca m hnh OSI

TT a

N i dung Trnh by chc nng ca cc tng trong 2 m hnh OSI v TCP/IP.

* V biu m hnh OSI,TCP/IP

Tng ng dng Tng trnh by Tng phin Tng vn chuyn Tng mng Tng lin kt d liu Tng vt l Tng ng dng Tng vn chuyn Tng mng Tng truy nhp mng
M hnh TCP/IP * Chc nng ca m hnh OSI

- Tng vt l ( Physical ): m bo cc yu cu truyn/nhn cc chui bt qua cc phng tin vt l. - Tng lin kt d liu (Data link layer): To/g b khung thng tin (Frames), kim sot lung v kim sot li. - Tng mng (Network layer): m bo chuyn chnh xc s liu gia cc thit b cui trong mng ng thi la chn c tuyn ng tt nht cho s liu
- Tng vn chuyn (Transport layer): m bo chuyn s liu chnh xc gia hai thc th thuc tng phin - Tng phin (Session layer): Lin kt gia hai thc th c nhu cu trao i s liu - Tng trnh by (Presentation layer): thch ng cc cu trc d liu khc nhau ca ngi dng vi cu trc d liu thng nht s dng trong mng - Tng ng dng (Application layer): Cung cp cc dch v mng cho cc ng dng nh email, truyn file v m hnh u cui

* Chc nng ca m hnh TCP/IP - Tng truy nhp mng (Network Access): cp n tt c cc thnh phn , c vt l v logic c yu cu to ra mt lin kt vt l
- Tng mng ( Network): chia cc segment ca TCP thnh cc gi v gi chng t bt k mng no. - Tng vn chuyn ( Transport): m bo v cht lng dch v nh tin cy, iu khin lung v kim sot li. - Tng ng dng( Application): Khng ch cc hot ng trnh by, m ho, iu khin v i thoi. b So snh s gi ng v khc nhau c a 2 m hnh

* Ging nhau
- C hai u phn tng - u c tng ng dng u c tng mng v vn chuyn c chc nng gn ging nhau

- u cho cc gi c chuyn mch

* Khc nhau
- TCP/IP kt hp tng trnh by v tng phin vo tng ng dng

- TCP/IP kt hp cc tng lin kt d liu va tng vt l thnh tng truy nhp mng - Cc giao thc TCP/IP l cc tiu chun m Internet dng pht trin . Ngc li cc mng khng c xy dng da trn giao thc OSI . - TCP/IP n gin hn v c t lp hn c n v d li u c a m hnh OSI - Data (PDU) - Segment - Packet - Frame - Bit Cu 0: a ch IP Cu 7: a ch IP, cu trc a ch IP: Khi nim: L a ch ring mi my tnh khi kt ni vo mng u c a ch ring ca my ,v a ch ny l duy nht. Cu trc: -Thnh phn v hnh dng ca a ch IP a ch IP ang c s dng hin ti (IPv4) c 32 bit chia thnh 4 Octet ( mi Octet c 8 bit, tng ng 1 byte ) cch m u t tri qua phi bt 1 cho n bt 32, cc Octet tch bit nhau bng du chm (.), bao gm c 3 thnh phn chnh. Bit 1................................................................................... 32 * Bit nhn dng lp ( Class bit ) * a ch ca mng ( Net ID ) * a ch ca my ch ( Host ID ). Cc lp a ch IP a ch IP chia ra 5 lp A,B,C, D, E. Hin ti dng ht lp A,B v gn ht lp C, cn lp D v E T chc internet ang dnh cho mc ch khc khng phn, nn chng ta ch nghin cu 3 lp u. Qua cu trc cc lp a ch IP chng ta c nhn xt sau: * Bit nhn dng l nhng bit u tin - ca lp A l 0, ca lp B l 10, ca lp C l 110. * Lp D c 4 bit u tin nhn dng l 1110, cn lp E c 5 bt u tin nhn dng l 11110. * a ch lp A: a ch mng t v a ch my ch trn tng mng nhiu.

* a ch lp B: a ch mng va phi v a ch my ch trn tng mng va phi. * a ch lp C: a ch mng nhiu, a ch my ch trn tng mng t.

B ng t ng k t l p A, l p B, l p C 3/- L p C : V d , i v i m ng 203.162.41.0, cc a ch host h p l l t 203.162.41.1 n 203.162.41.254. Lp B:V d, i vi mng 172.29.0.0 th cc a ch host hp l l t 172.29.0.1 n 172.29.255.254. Lp A:V d, i vi mng 10.0.0.0 th nhng gi tr host hp l l 10.0.0.1 n 10.255.255.254. Cu 6: M hnh OSI: S ra i: Nguyn nhn: Vo nhng nm 1980, nhng h thng mng hin ti vo thi ch cho php thit b (c v phn cng v phn mm) ca mt nh sn xut kt ni c vi nhau v c gi l h thng ng. iu ny l ht sc bt tin cho vic trin khai mng cng nh rt phin toi cho ngi s dng khi mun lp t mng phc v cho cng vic, cng nh hn ch ngn cn vic m rng mng mt cch thoi mi cho nhng quy m ln hn. Mc ch: Kt ni cc sn phm ca cc hng sn xut khc nhau v phi hp cc hot ng chun ho trong cc lnh vc vin thng v h thng thng tin. Ra i: Pht trin t tng kt ni cc sn phm ca cc hng sn xut khc nhau do t chc ISO (The International Standards Organization) vo nm 1971, n nm 1984 m hnh ny chnh thc ra i.

Cau 7: Cp quang l mi trng l tng v:bng thng ln n nhiu GBp/s,khong cch i cp kh xa, suy hao tn hiu thp.ko b nhiu in t v tnhiu truyn c bo mt,ko b thu trm. Phn loi Cp quang: Gm hai loi chnh: Multimode (a mode) * Multimode stepped index (chit xut bc): Li ln (100 micron), cc tia to xung nh sng c th i theo nhiu ng khc nhau trong li: thng, zig-zag ti im n s nhn cc chm tia ring l, v vy xung d b mo dng. * Multimode graded index (chit xut lin tc): Li c ch s khc x gim dn t trong ra ngoi cladding. Cc tia gn trc truyn chm hn cc tia gn cladding. Cc tia theo ng cong thay v zig-zag. Cc chm tia ti im hi t, v vy xung t b mo dng.

Cau hi n tp so snh s ging nhau & khc nhau gia m hnh OSI & TCP/IP? a ch IP l g? Cho v d? Trnh by a ch lp A, B, C? cho v d? phn bit s khc nhau gia mng Internet & Intranet? so snh s ging nhau & khc nhau gia mng ngang hng & mng khch/ch? Cho v d? Subnetmask l g? Cho v d? trnh by a ch lp A, B, C? Cho v d? mng my tnh l g? Trnh by cc thnh phn c bn ca mt mng? nu c im ca mng my tnh? trnh by k thut chuyn mch phn knh, k thut chuyn mch thng bo v k thut chuyn mch gi? v sao ni mi trng cp quang l mi trng l tng? trnh by cp quang a mode v cp quang n mode? phn loi mng my tnh ngi ta thng da vo nhng mc tiu no? Trnh by cc loi mng theo khong cch a l? Phn bit s khc nhau gia mng Internet & Intranet? trnh by vai tr v cha nng ca card mng NIC? trnh by nhng nguyn nhn dn n s ra i ca m hnh OSI v trnh by nhng li ch m m hnh OSI mang li? mng ngang hng l g? u im v nhc im ca mng ngang hng? Phn bit s khc nhau gia mng LAN v WAN? chia mng con, xc nh s a ch mng, s host trong chia mng con.

Cu 1: Trnh by v kin trc, topology, giao thc mng ca mt my tnh? C nht thit phi c giao thc cho mng my tnh? Tr Li: +)Kin trc mng my tnh th hin cch ni cc my tnh vi nhau ra sao v tp hp cc qui tc ,qui c m tt c cc thc th tham gia truyn thng trn mng phi tun theo m bo mng hot ng tt. +)Cch ni cc my tnh c gi l hnh trng (topology) ca mng. C 2 kiu ni mng ch yu l im im: Cc ng truyn ni tng cp nt vi nhau & mi nt u c trch nhim lu tr tm thi sau chuyn tip d liu i cho ti ch Kiu qung b: Tt c cc nt phn chia chung 1 ng truyn Vt l. D liu c gi i t mt nt no s c th tip nhn bi vy cn ch ra a ch ch ca d liu mi nt cn c vo kim tra xem d liu c phi dnh cho mnh hay khng +)Cn tp hp cc qui tc, qui c truyn thng th c gi l giao

thc ca mng Trong mt mng my tnh vic c giao thc mng l mt iu ht sc cn thit v y l mt trong nhng thnh phn c bn ca mng my tnh v chng ta s thng nht c cc mng v to ra cc mng c sc truyn ti cao Cu 2: Cc nguyn tc xy dng 1 kin trc phn tng cho mng my tnh? Ti sao li phn tng Tr Li: Nguyn tc xy dng 1 kin trc mng phn tng l: Mi h thng trong mt mng u c cu trc tng ( s lng tng, chc nng ca mi tng l nh nhau). Sau khi xc nh s lng tng v chc nng ca mi tng th cng vic quan trng tip theo l nh ngha mi quan h (giao din) gia 2 tng k nhau v mi quan h (giao din) gia 2 tng ng mc 2 h thng kt ni vi nhau +) Chng ta phn tng nhm hnh thc ho cc hot ng ca mng thun tin cho vic ci t v thit k cc phn mm truyn thng. Cu 3: M hnh tham chiu OSI c xy dng nh th no? Chc nng tm tt ca cc tng l g? ngha ca m hnh ny vi vic thit k v ci t cc mng my tnh. Tr Li: M hnh OSI c xy dng da trn cc nguyn tc ch yu sau: 1. n gin cn hn ch s lng cc tng 2. To ranh gii cc tng sao cho cc tng tc v cc m t dch v l ti thiu 3. Chia s cc tng sao cho cc chc nng khc nhau c tch ring bit vi nhau, v cc tng s dng cc loi cng ngh khc nhau cng c tch bit 4. Cc chc nng ging nhau c t vo cng mt tng 5. Chn ranh gii cc tng theo kinh nghim c chng t l thnh cng 6. Cc chc nng c nh v sao cho c th thit k li tng m nh hng t nht n cc tng k n 7. To ranh gii cc tng sao cho c th chun ho giao din tng ng 8. To mt tng khi d liu c x l mt cch khc bit 9. Cho php thay i cc chc nng hoc giao thc trong mt tng khng lm nh hng n cc tng khc

10. Mi tng ch c cc ranh gii (giao din) vi cc tng trn v di n Cc nguyn tc tng t c p dng khi chia cc tng con 11. C th chia mt tng thnh cc tng con khi cn thit 12. To cc tng con cho php giao din vi cc tng k cn 13. Cho php hu b cc tng con nu thy khng cn thit +) Cc chc nng tm tt ca cc tng trong m hnh OSI l: 1. Tng Vt L: Lin quan n nhim v truyn dng bit khng c cu trc qua ng truyn vt l, truy nhp ng truyn vt l nh cc phng tin c, in, hm, th tc. 2. Tng Lin Kt D Liu: Cung cp phng tin truyn thng tin qua lin kt vt l m bo tin cy, gi cc khi d liu (frame) vi cc ch ng b ho, kim sot li v kim sot lung d liu cn thit 3. Tng Mng: Thc hin vic chn ng v chuyn tip thng tin vi cng ngh chuyn mch thch hp thc hin kim sot lung d liu v ct hp d liu nu cn 4. Tng Giao Vn: Thc hin vic truyn d liu gia 2 u mt (end to end): Thc hin c vic kim sot li v kim sot lung d liu gia u mt. Cng c th thc hin vic ghp knh ct/hp d liu nu cn. 5. Tng Phin: Cung cp phng tin qun l truyn thng gia cc ng dng thit lp, duy tr, ng b ho v hu b cc phin truyn thng gia cc ng dng 6. Tng Trnh Din: Chuyn i c php d liu p ng yu cu truyn d liu ca cc ng dng qua mi trng OSI 7. Tng ng Dng: Cung cp cc phng tin ngi s dng c th truy nht c vo mi trung OSI, dng thi cung cp cc dch v thng tin phn tn +) ngha ca m hnh OSI vi vic thit k v ci t cc mng my tnh l: M hnh OSI l mt khung m cc tiu chun lp mng khc nhau c th khp vo. M hnh OSI nh r cc mt no ca hot ng ca mng nhm n bi cc tiu chun mng khc nhau. V vy, theo mt ngha no , m hnh OSI l mt loi tiu chun ca cc chun. Cu 4: Trnh by nhng hiu bit v tng ng dng Tr Li: Tng ng dng l ranh gii gia mi trng ni kt cc h

thng m v cc tin trnh ng dng - Cc AP s dng mi trng OSI trao i d liu trong qu trnh thc hin chng l tng cao nht trong m hnh OSI 7 tng - Tng ng dng c 1 s c dim khc vi cc tng di n, trc ht n khng cung cp cc dch v cho mt tng trn nh trong trng hp ca cc tng khc, theo tng ng dng khng c khi nim im truy nhp dch v tng ng dng ASAP - Tng ng dng ch gii quyt v mt ng ngha ch khng gii quyt v mt c php nh tng trnh din