Tn mn v t Hn Vit (phn 4) Bnh m/Phanh m/Phin m hay pnyn?

Nguyn Cung Thng nguyencungthong@yahoo.com

Bnh m (pinyin) hay Hn Ng Bnh m / (theo th t phn th/gin th) l mt cm danh t mi xut hin t thp nin 1950 - chnh ph TQ (Trung Quc, Trung Hoa Lc a) ci tin nhiu ln v gn y cng c i Loan chp nhn (2009) tuy c h thng pinyin ring (Thng Dng Bnh m - xem thm phn Ph ch). Bnh m l mt (trong nhiu cch) ghi m ting TQ (ging Bc Kinh/BK) bng h thng ch La Tinh cng nh ting Vit hin nay. Trong lch s k m ting Hn, cc phng php ch m tng hin din gip ngi c ch Hn thm phn chnh xc nh trc m (, ghi mt m gn ng bng ch Hn khc), c c () - thanh hun ( ) - c nhc A ( A, c ging nh l m c ch A) - c vi , phin thit (phn thit ), ng A ( A) hay m A (nh X A l X-mA/X-ng-A c ngha l X c nh A) Cc h thng k m dng ch La Tinh chnh thc bt u t thi cc nh truyn gio dng Tn Matteo Ricci v Michele Ruggieri khi son cun t in B o Nha-Hn (Portuguese-Chinese dictionary) vo khong 1583-1588 (so vi t in Vit-B-La ra i vo nm 1651 ca Alexandre de Rhodes). Vo th k 20 th h thng phin m Wade-Giles tr nn rt thng dng, nht l trong cc ti liu bo ch phng Ty (khi bt u vit nhiu v vn ho ngn ng TQ), th d nh cc danh t ring vn cn dng h thng ny nh Mao Tse-Tung (/ Mao Trch ng1) hay Nanking ( Nam Kinh) ... Cc tn ring ny nu vit theo h thng pnyn th tr thnh Mao Zedong hay Nanjing (trn bo ch thng b cc du ch thanh iu nh Mo Z Dng hay Nn Jng). H thng pinyin l gn y nht, tuy khng c vn g vi cch dch truyn thng ca l m, nhng cn ch th c vi ln cn. Thi k xut hin ca cc th tch v ti liu quan trng dng trong phn ny nh Nh Nh l vo khong th k III TCN, Ngc Thin (NT, nm 543 SCN), ng Vn (V, 751 SCN), Long Kham Th Gim (LKTG, 997), Qung Vn (QV, 1008 SCN), Loi Thin (LT, khong 1039), Tp Vn (TV, 1067 SCN), Hng V Chnh Vn (CV, 1375), T V (TVi, 1615), Chnh T Thng (CTT, 1670), t in Khang Hy (KH, 1716), Hn Ng i T in (HNT, 1989)

Bn TQ vo th k 17 in nc ngoi (Ty phng, in bng ch La Tinh) - trch trang http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Mandarin_Chinese . cch dng x, si, qv trong bn so vi bnh m sh, xi v qu (t in Vit B La ghi v vt ... l u ut ...). m c hn ca giang jing l kiang, -jing trong Nam Kinh Nnjng , Phc Kin Fjin ... l Nanking, Fokien ...

1. Ch khng hin din trong cc t in HV nh Thiu Chu/TC (1942), o Duy Anh

(1932), Hong Thc Trm (Hn Vit Tn T in, 1951), Nguyn Vn Khn (1960) ... Nhng cc bn cp nht ca HV T in (Thiu Chu) gn y li c ch (v bnh m nh trong cc bn in t HV trn mng li ton cu Internet, HV T in/TC ti bn bi NXB Nng 2005), T in HV (Trn Vn Chnh, 1999) ...

Ch hin din thi Ngc Thin (543 SCN), Long Kham Th Gim, Bi Hu2, Qung Vn, ng Vn, Tp Vn, Loi Thin, Chnh T Thng, Khang Hy T in ... V ng nhin tt
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c cc t in TQ hin i - tn s dng l 23259 trn 434717750 vi cc ngha (ng t) thng gp nh sau

a) rp li, ni li (join) - y l ngha nguyn thu v c th theo T Nguyn (Thng V n Th Qun, Bc Kinh 2004) b) nh vn (spell) - nh bnh m, bnh t ngha l nh vn (theo th t ch hay m c) , k thut nh vn nh vy cn c gi l bnh php c) liu, dm b (mt) i (risk) - nh bnh mng (liu mng), bnh t (liu cht, dm cht), bnh st (liu mng) ... d) tip ni, theo (tu tng): , : Bnh,tng d Nh Nh Quch Phc ch: vi ty tng e) bn ra, tn ra , , Bnh,c vn phanh ng,v n thng mc vi bnh dng Huyn ng Nht Thit kinh m ngha

2. Cc cch c ch

bc manh thit (V) bi manh thit (TV, VH) b canh phn (LKTG) ban canh thit (LT) , b canh thit, m banh (CV) ph canh thit (NT)
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, phi canh thit, m phanh (TV) to chnh thit (LT) , ti chnh/ chnh thit, m bnh/tnh - tng quan trng nu p/b > t trong m HV (KH, HNT) thnh phn hi thanh ca l hay (tinh, tnh, bnh).

Cc dng banh, phanh HV c phm tr ngha kh ho hp vi banh/phanh ting Vit thng thng : mt ng l rp li (nh vn) so vi mt ng l m ra (banh mt ra m xem, phanh ngc). Banh v phanh cn l cc ting Vit phin m t ting Php balle (tri banh, qu cu) hay panne (h, xe banh ri) v frein (phanh, thng xe). Cc cch c bc/bi manh thit, b canh thit ca ch cng l cch c ca ch m ta thng c l banh hay bng (bng b) - dng nh ch (bng). Cc ch dng tng ng vi l

bnh hay tnh (gom li, nh cch dng thn tnh - tng quan trng nu) phanh, bnh bnh bnh, bin bnh, bin bin, phn, phn, phin v.v Thnh ra c th dch hay k m l

bnh m banh/phanh m
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bnh m tnh m phin/phn m bin m pinyin hay pnyn ( nguyn dng La Tinh, khng dch hay phin ra m Hn Vit) - nh chnh ngi vit bi ny i khi cng ch dng pinyin cho n gin, cng nh tc gi Nguyn Tun Cng trang http://tuancuonghn.blogspot.com.au/2010_12_01_archive.html ...v.v

2.1 Pinyin dch l phin m theo nh bin kho Nguyn Q. (Quyt) Thng trong bi vit v
Hong Sa, Trng Sa trang ny http://www.talawas.org/talaDB/showFile.php?res=14339&rb=0302 , hay theo GS V Th Ngc (trong "Nghin cu ch Hn v ting Hn Vit", NXB Eastwest Institute, California 1989) hay trn cc trang http://www.vn520.org/@forum/thong-bao-ra-mattu-dien-pin-yin-t711.html hay http://chinesetopinyin.blogspot.com.au/2010/01/chuyen-tienghoa-sang-phien-am-convert.html , http://dactrung.net/phorum/tm.aspx?m=96148&mpage=13; Ging nh mt s tc gi khc (cng nh ngi vit bi ny), GS L nh Khn dng cm t "phin m Bc Kinh" ch pnyn trong "T vng gc Hn trong ting Vit" (NXB i Hc Quc Gia Thnh Ph HCM, 2002); T in Trung Vit (Vng Trc Nhn/L Th Hong bin son, NXB ng Nai, 1997) ghi pnyn l ghp vn, phin m ...v.v...

2.2 Pinyin dch l phanh m bi GS Phm Cn trong "T in Hn Vit" (NXB Thanh Ha,
1998); hay cc tc gi LM Trn Vn Kim3 , T Quc Tun4 , GS m Trung Php trong bi vit "Khi phng Ty i m phng ng: Th L Bch trong tm t ngi u-M" (8/2011) trang http://www.thivien.net/viewwriting.php?ID=25 Theo tc gi Kin Vn trang http://www.giaodiemonline.com/sach_detail.php?sachid=90 ; m Trung Php/Hong Xun Chnh - xem trang ny chng hn http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=module2&v=detailarticle&id=105&ia=295 ; Hay tc gi Vnh Snh5 trang http://www.ovsclub.com.vn/show_article.php?aid=26791&lg=vn ; Trn din n Vin Vit Hc6 cng c khi dng phanh m nh trang ny http://www.viethoc.org/phorum/read.php?15,10174,45433,quote=1. Vnh Cao v Nguyn Ph cng ghi pinyin l phanh m trong "T Lm Hn Vit T in" (NXB Thun Ho - 2001). Trong cc trao i v qu trnh La Tinh ho ting Hn, ta vn thy cch dng phanh m nh trn din n c Trng http://dactrung.net/phorum/printable.aspx?m=227475 , http://nguyentuyet.violet.vn/document/showprint/entry_id/4851956 , Vit Bo (17/8/2011) trang http://vietbao.com/D_1-2_2-282_4-178785/ cng nh bi vit "o lng Vit Nam" ca Nguyn Tng ng trn Vn Ho Ngh An (30/3/2011) trang http://vanhoanghean.vn/nhunggoc-nhin-van-hoa/goc-nhin-van-hoa/2281-do-luong-o-viet-nam1.html ...v.v...
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2.3 Pinyin dch l bnh m theo tc gi L Anh Minh (2006) trong bi vit
http://vietsciences2.free.fr/sinhngu/hannom/tuhochanngu/tongquat/phatam.htm hay theo vi.wikipedia (v cc ti liu tham kho lin h) trang http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADnh_%C3%A2m_H%C3%A1n_ng%E1%BB%AF Trong mt trang ca Bch Khoa ton th m vi.wikipedia c lc dng c hai cch dch phanh m v bnh m - nh trang ny http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_K%C3%B4ng Mt s tc gi ghi c hai cch phanh m/bnh m ch pinyin nh Tng Phc Khi (2008). Mt bi vit cch y ch vi thng (26/11/2011) cn ghi pinyin l bnh/phanh m - xem trang ny http://tintuchangngay.info/2011/11/26/xon-xao-vi%E1%BB%87c-phien-am-tren-bao-chigay-c%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di-trong-ngo%E1%BA%A1i-giao/ (iu ny cho thy cch dng bnh m khng nht tr v khng chc chn cho lm). Trong mt trang mng du lch, c lc pinyin dch l phanh m v c lc pinyin l bnh m http://www.mangdulich.com/vietnamtourism/index.php?language=vi&nv=news&op=search&q=%C4%91%E1%BA%B7c+%C4%91i %E1%BB%83m&mod=all&page=180 . Bi vit mi y (28/3/2012) v t Hn Vit dng bnh m trang ny http://dcvonline.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=9019 . Ngi vit tng dng phin m (ch pinyin) trong mt s bi vit cch y nhiu nm, nhng tht ra phin m fnyn khng phi l pnyn tuy phm tr ngha v m c phn ging nhau v cm t phin m rt ph thng t trc n nay3. C v nh a s dng bnh m ch pinyin cho ti ngy hm nay. cc t in nh "i T in Ting Vit" (Nguyn Nh ch bin, NXB Vn Ha Thng Tin -1998), "T in Vit Nam" (L Vn c, L Ngc Tr hiu nh, Nh sch Khai Tr - 1970) u khng c ghi phanh m hay bnh m.

3. Kt lun
Khng bit nhng nguyn nhn lch s hay ngn ng chnh xc no a y, nhng cch dch pnyn l bnh m hin nay c th phn nh du n ca hai thi k giao lu vn ho v ngn ng rt khc nhau gia VN v TQ (a) thi ng Tng v trc cho ra dng m - c l kim thit /V,TV m m - ging BK by gi ngc cng ho cho ra dng yn (b) thi cn i (th k 20 v sau) cho ra dng bnh (gn vi m pn BK nht). So snh vi cch c tn lang (cy cau) theo ging BK by gi l bn lng m gn y c cch dch l binh lang hay bnh lang. Ngoi ra, mn n Ngu Pn (ni bin theo pinyin) ch nhp vo ting Vit gn y nn vn duy tr v gn vi m (gc) Qung ng nht thay v dch ra Hn Vit l *Ngu Tin7 th xa l qu! Ta cng thng nghe ni l binh (bi) xp xm8 ch khng ai ni binh *thp tam (m HV c hn) v loi bi ny c 13 l v ch nhp vo VN gn y m thi.

4. Ph ch v ph bnh thm
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Bn c c th xem thm cc chi tit v qu trnh La M ho (Romanisation) ca ch Hn trang http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Mandarin_Chinese hay bi vit "The Prospects for Chinese Writing Reform" (Cc trin vng ci cch ch Hn) ca GS John DeFrancis (6/2006) trang ny http://www.pinyin.info/readings/defrancis/chinese_writing_reform.html . Php s Thch Tnh Khng khng nh h thng pinyin ca TQ l t Hoa Nghim t mu (ch Phn) - xem bi ging trang http://www.hoakhaikienphat.com/sachtinhdophapngu/trungphongtamthoiheniem/tamthoiheniem/ chuong2.htm hay http://ftp.budaedu.org/ebooks/pdf/VI167.pdf ... Cc trao i v cch dch pinyin trn vi.wikipedia cng ng ch - c thm chi tit trang http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi%C3%AAn_thi%E1%BA%BFt_H%C3%A1n-Vi%E1%BB%87t hay trang http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%A3o_lu%E1%BA%ADn:B%C3%ADnh_%C3%A2m _H%C3%A1n_ng%E1%BB%AF So snh cc cch ghi m ca ch Hn (v m Hn Vit) trch t trang http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles

Phin m quc t (IPA)

m m m ma2

m m m ma3

m m m ma4

m ma m ma0

Bnh m (pnyn, Hn Ng Bnh m) m Thng Dng Bnh m (i Loan) ma H thng Wade-Giles Ch m (Zhyn) Ch Hn (phn/gin th) m Hn Vit Ngha ting Vit ma1

/ / / / / m/ma ma m m m (A)

(m/m)(cy gai)(nga)(chi)(ting tr ng/ nghi vn)

(A) Ch m , 'tr nht' trong cc th d trn, tng c dng nh ch m (theo TVi, KH) v c th c l ma,m,m (ging BK); hin nay thng dng trong cu hi (nh trong cu ni rt ph thng / n ho m) hay phin m ting nc ngoi nh ting Php morphine/morphia (M ph ), hay dng trong cu trc t ly nh (m m h h, hay ) ngha l tm tm ... Cc cch vit ch bnh - trch trang http://140.111.1.40/yitia/fra/fra01556.htm

(xem thm cc dng khc trang Tp Vn bn di)

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ng ch l trong cun "T in Hn Vit" do mt ban GS bin son in ti Bc Kinh nm 1994 (ti bn nm 2005, Ch bin: Hu Hn Giang, Mch V Lng) th pnyn, trang 512, c ghi l nh vng/ghp vn (sai chnh t, ng l l nh vn).

Long Kham Th Gim,

Ngc Thin

Tp Vn

1) Mao Trch ng ngh dng Bnh m t nm 1951, mt trong nhng thay i quan trng cng nh h thng gin th ca Hn ng 2) Bi Hu do Quch Trung Th (?-977) i Tng son (ba quyn). 3) trong cun "Gip c Nm v Hn Vit" NXB Thun Ho (1999), tc gi LM Trn Vn Kim vit: 8

Phanh (pn)

- Lp khp vi nhau; Phanh m [nh vn tm m; Ngi Vit Nam phanh m mi khi nh vn (c th cn c vo b gc) tm m ch Nm, sau h din t m y bng quc ng tc l bng mu t La-tinh Ngi Bc kinh cng phanh m (Pin Yin) khi h din t m ph thng theo ging Bc kinh ra mu t La-tinh. Trc sau khng c phin dch; m v ngha ch vn nguyn vn, ch c m ca ch l c vit theo li mi m thi (Anh ng: transliteration). Cho n nay ngi Vit hay gi Pin yin l Phin m; thc ra phi l Phanh m Nn nh li Vit Nam v Trung hoa s dng mu t La tinh khng ging nhau hon ton ]; Phanh bn (lp ch in) - Mn n chi: Phanh bn - Cm t Phanh mnh: liu mng; ht sc thi hnh; Phanh mnh cng tc. (ht trch) - xem chi tit trang http://www.dunglac.org/upload/book/f__1192617261.htm . Trong bi vit "Mn m v Hn Vit trong Vit ng" (29/5/2002), ng nhn xt thm: '... Trn y c ni n cng trnh Phanh m cc bn Nm ra Quc ng. Trc y ngi ta hay ni Phin m ra Quc ng, nhng phin m c ngha l chuyn dch mt m thanh mt ngoi ng ra m thanh quen thuc vi c gi. Chng hn tn th Hoa k l Washington c ngi Bc Kinh vit ra ba ch c ln va na n nh m thanh ting M, li thun tai ca h; th phin m . Cn khi din m Bc kinh bng mu t la-tinh ra Hua-shng-dn th li l cng trnh Phanh m: m thanh khng thay i, ch c li vit l khc trc m thi.... Ti y mi thy l khng d m phn bit Nho vi Hn; Hn t vi Hn Vit, ting bnh dn vi ch Nm, Pin yin (Phanh m) vi Fan yin (Phin m) ...' - trch t trang http://www.hatnang.net/showthread.php?t=1255 . Bi vit "Quy trnh Nm Na" (lp li cch dng phanh m/pinyin) ca Ng Thanh Nhn, Ng Trung Vit v Nhm Nm Na trong Hi tho H 2002 ti i hc Maine trang http://www.viet-studies.info/hoithao/QuytrinhNomNa.pdf , hay trong bi vit "Nghin Cu S Ha Kho T Liu Hn-Nm Theo Chun DUBLIN CORE" (2007) ca TS Ng Thanh Nhn trang http://www.ivce.org/magazinedetail.php?magazinedetailid=MD00000294 v.v Ngoi ra, Nxbtrithuc (H Ni) c in li cun "T IN NHN DANH, A DANH & TC PHM VN HC NGH THUT TRUNG QUC" ca BS Hong Xun Chnh v qua phn gii thiu tc phm: '... Mt u im na, l n gip cho nhng ai c sch bo u-Ty, gp nhn danh, a danh vit theo li pinyin (phanh m) hay quy c Wade-Giles, tm ra phin m Hn Vit quen thuc. Lnh o Trung Quc ngy nay, Wen Jiabao, hay ngy xa, Cao Cao, tn l g ? khng phi ai trong chng ta cng nhn ngay ra n Gia Bo v To Tho. Mt th d na, d thuyt phc hn : cc bn bit Lu Xun l ai ? Phn ng bn c s tr li ngay : L Tn. Tr li nh vy khng sai. Nhng mi ng 1/3 thi. V Lu Xun cn l Lc Tn, danh tng Ng thi Tam Quc (th k 3), v L Tun, thi ng Tn (th k 5), tng t xng Bnh Nam tng qun, chim lnh Qung Chu trc khi o tu (v t vn) Giao Chu' - trch t trang http://nxbtrithuc.wordpress.com/ 4) tc gi T Quc Tun dng phanh m/pinyin trong lot bi "Nho S Vit Nam" - xem chi tit trang http://www.dunglac.org/index.php?m=home&v=detail&ia=10616 , http://www.nhanvan.com/magazines/vanhoc/188/vanhocachau_taquoctuan.htm hay bi vit trn mng 9

Hi Hng Hi VN http://vinavigation.net/vn/index.php?arid=37 v.vBi vit mi y (28/3/2012) v ting Trung (Quc) dng phanh m trang ny http://www.hennhausaigon2015.com/?p=17973 5) t gc nhn ca mt du hc sinh bn Nht, tc gi Vnh Snh nhn xt: '...Pinyin (phanh m; phanh l gh p, rp; phanh m l gh p vn hoc nh vn) l li phin m ch nh thc Trung Quc. Nht hi u thi Minh Tr cng c ngi ch trng phi latinh ho, nhng khng c dn chng hng ng. au Th chin th hai, c uan Ch huy ti cao ca Tng t lnh ng minh,[4] li nh mun latinh ho v b ch Hn, h mi tin hnh cuc thi ch Hn trn ton uc em trnh ca ngi Nht nh th no. t u l trc s gn b ca ngi Nht vi ch Hn, GHQ nh uyt nh gi nguyn nh vi ba cch vit l hiragana,katakana, v kan i ( hn-t, tc ch Hn) nh chng ta bit. Ting Hn Quc cng th, ngy nay ngi ta d ng hangul mt loi ch vit ca ngi Hn. Nu trong bi vit bng ting nh chng hn, khi no gp ting Hn thng dng u, nh chaebol (ti phit) hoc amsung (Tam-tinh; tam l ba, tinh l ngi sao), ngi ta vit ting latinh cng khng sao c. Ngi ta c hangul ri m...' (ht trch) 6) trn din n Vin Vit Hc, bc Trn Anh M (13/2/2012) k li rng Ngy xa ti hc ting Hn bng sch B Gio Dc bin son v pht hnh t H Ni, th gi l Phanh m. Sch ny lu hnh xung n tn v tuyn 17, b bc cu Hin Lng. Trng ti dy sch ny t nm 1960, v ti bt u hc n nm 1963. Hnh nh nm 1970 th khng cn dy ch Hn trong trng hc na th phi. Ti by gi vn xi t in Phanh m ca Bc Kinh, v vn nh ch Hn bng Phanh m trn Internet, v m Hn Vit ca ti ch lm bm vi trm ch thi - trch t trang http://www.viethoc.org/phorum/read.php?15,56586 7) Ngu Pn (Ngu Tin HV) l dng vt ca b (bull 's penis) thng c chng, tim hay nu vi thuc bc - theo hc gi L Ngc Tr, "Tm Nguyn T in Vit Nam" NXB Thnh Ph HCM (1993). Mn Ngu Pn thng gp cc tim n Qung ng, Hi Nam ... v ngay c cc qun ph Vit Nam, hay qun n Thi Lan (thng c ch l ngi Hoa). Mt s ngi ty phng hay dn gc Chu sinh trng ngoi quc thy mn n ny rt qui d (bizarre). Mt im ng ch l tin c l , ti lin thit - m bin (tin) (V, TV, VH). Cc t in Hn Vit thng ghi m tin hn l bin (m bin gn m Hn nguyn thy) : y l tng quan trng nu p/b > t trong h thng m thanh Hn Vit. Nh ch (bi theo pinyin) ch c ting Vit (m Hn Vit) mi c l ti so vi cc phng ng khc ca TQ, cng nh ting Hn (c l pi) v Nht (c l hi, p/b > h) - trch cch c trang http://www.zdic.net/zd/zi/ZdicE5Zdic8DZdic91.htm

(Vit ng, ting Qung ng)bei1 - (ting H/Khch Gia)[] bi1 [] bi1 [] bi1 [] bi1 [] bi1 [] bi1 [] bi3 [] bi1 [] bi1 - bui1 (Triu Chu)
So vi cc cch c ch 10

 (Vit ng, ting Qung ng)ping1 ping3 (Khch Gia thoi/ting H)[] biang4 pin1 [] pin5 [] bin5 bin3 [] pin2 pin1 ben1 bin5 biang5 [] pin5 [] pin2 pin1 ben1 bin5 biang5
8) xp xm l m gn vi ging Qung ng nht - loi bi Ty ny cn gi l xp xm chng, Chinese poker, Russian poker. y l nhng t gc Hn nhp vo ting Vit qua khu ng ch gn y m thi.

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