CC PHN T TRONG H THNG IU KHIN II.

MC TIU : SV nm c cu to , nguyn l hot ng ca cc phn t kh nn v

mt s mch iu khin n gin ca h thng kh nn. III. DNG V PHNG TIN DY HC - Gio trnh Kh nn - in kh nn HCNTPHCM - Gio trnh H thng iu khin bng kh nn - Nguyn Ngc Phng - My chiu projector IV. NI DUNG BI GING

I. TN BI GING : CHNG 3

BI GING S 3

S TIT : 03

3.1 KHI NIM: Mt h thng iu khin bao gm t nht l mt mch iu khin (OpenLoop Control System). Mch iu khin theo DIN 19266 (Tiu chun ca Cng ha Lin Bang c) gm cc phn t c m t hnh 3.1.
i tng iu khin i l ng ra (d ch chuy n n b y) C c u ch p hnh

Ph n t i u khi n Ph n t x l tn hi u

Ph n t a tn hi u

i lng vo ( i l ng v t l) L u l ng p su t

Hnh 3.1 Cu trc c a mch i u khi n v cc ph n t Ph n t a tn hi u : nh n nhng gi tr c a i l ng v t l nh l i l ng vo, l ph n t u tin c a m ch i u khi n. V d: van o chiu, r le p sut. Ph n t x l tn hi u : x l tn hi u nh n vo theo m t quy t c logic xc nh, lm thay i tr ng thi c a ph n t i u khi n. V d: van o chiu, van ti t l u, van logic OR ho c AND.

 Ph n t i u khi n : iu khi n dng nng l ng( l u l ng) theo yu cu, thay i tr ng thi c a c c u ch p hnh. V d: van o chi u, ly hp C c u chp hnh : thay d i tr ng thi c a i t ng i u khi n, l i l ng ra c a mch i u khi n. V d: xilanh, ng c Nhng h thng i u khi n ph c t p bao g m nhi u ph n t , nhi u m ch iu khi n khc nhau. Trong ch ng trnh ny s l n l t gi i thi u cc phn t trong h th ng i u khi n b ng kh nn, lm c s cho cc ch ng tip theo. 3.2 K HIU : Ngi ta k hiu mt s phn t kh nn bng cc vung, mi vung c gi l mt v tr. Trong mt v tr c nhiu ca ( cng )

1 v tr Cc ca

Phn t 3/2
s v tr s ca trong 1 v tr

Ta c : Cc phn t c bn

Phn t :

2/2

3/2

4/2

Phn t :

5/2

5/3

Dng nng lng kh s b chn li khi gp ca c k hu ny Dng nng lng s di chuyn theo chiu mi tn K hiu cc ca : 1 (P) : ca ngun, ch ni vi ngun kh 2 (A), 4(B) : ca cho tn hiu vo , ra. ni vi cc phn t khc 3 (R ), 5 (S) : ca x, tht dng kh ra mi trng. 12 (Z), 14 (Y) : ca iu khin 3.3 CC PHN T: 3.3.1 XYLANH a. Xylanh tc ng mt pha ( xylanh tc ng n ) -

Xylanh ch c mt ca vo kh, khi FKH > FLOXO xylanh i ra, khi FKH < FLOXO xylanh i vo. Khi khng c lc tc ng l xo gi xylanh trng thi pha trong. b. Xylanh tc ng hai pha ( xylanh tc ng kp )

Xylanh c 2 ca vo kh, khi FRA > FVO xylanh i ra, khi FRA < FVO xylanh i vo, khi khng c lc tc ng xylanh gi nguyn trng thi.

3.3.2 PHN T 3/2

a. Van o chiu 3/2 khng duy tr: L xo gi cho v tr ban u ca van l v tr bn phi: ca 1 b chn, ca 2 thng vi ca x 3. 12 Khi ca iu khin 12 c tn hiu ( kh ) v tr ca van chuyn sang tri: ca1 thng vi ca 2, ca 3 bi chn. Khi ca 12 mt tn hiu, l xo y van v v tr phi phc hi v tr ban u. vy van c gi l khng duy tr.

- o chiu c v tr tr: b. VanVan khng 3/2 duy thng xuyn ban u, nhng ta cng quy c v tr ban u ca van l v tr bn phi. - v tr bn phi: ca 1 b chn, ca 2 thng 14 vi ca x 3. - Khi ca iu khin 14 c tn hiu ( kh ) v tr ca van chuyn sang tri: ca1 thng vi ca 2, ca 3 bi chn.Khi ca 14 mt tn hiu van vn gi v tr bn tri, mun chuyn v v tr bn phi ta a tn hiu kh ti ca iu khin 12. vy van c gi l van duy tr

12

c. Nt nhn 3/2 : - nt nhn thng ng 3/2

Nt nhn thng m 3/2

Nt nhn gi 3/2

d. Cng tc hnh trnh - Cng tc hnh trnh tc ng 2 chiu:

Cng tc hnh trnh tc ng mt chiu ( chiu ra )

Cng tc hnh trnh tc ng mt chiu ( chiu vo )

 Cc v d mch: VD1: nhn nt nhn xylanh i ra, b nt nhn xylanh i vo:

VD2: Nhn nt nhn 1 xylanh i ra v gi nguyn trnh thi ra. Nhn nt nhn 2 xylanh i vo.

VD3 : Nhn nt nhn xylanh i ra, cui hnh trnh xylanh t i vo.

3.3.3 PHN T 5/2 a. Van o chiu 5/2 khng duy tr.

L xo gi cho v tr ban u ca van l v tr bn phi: ca 1 thng vi ca 2, ca 4 thng vi ca 5 v ca 3 b chn. Khi ca iu khin 12 c tn hiu ( kh ) v tr ca van chuyn sang tri: ca 1 thng vi ca 4, ca 2 thng vi ca 3 v ca 5 b chn. Khi ca 12 mt tn hiu, l xo y van v v tr phi phc hi v tr ban u. vy van c gi l khng duy tr.

b. Van o chiu 5/2 duy tr :

Van khng c v tr thng xuyn ban u, nhng ta cng quy c v tr ban u ca van l v tr bn phi. V tr bn phi: ca 1 thng vi ca 2, ca 4 thng vi ca 5 v ca 3 b chn. Khi ca iu khin 14 c tn hiu ( kh ) v tr ca van chuyn sang tri: ca 1 thng vi ca 4, ca 2 thng vi ca 3 v ca 5 b chn. Khi ca 14 mt tn hiu van vn gi v tr bn tri, mun chuyn v v tr bn phi ta a tn hiu kh ti ca iu khin 12. vy van c gi l van duy tr

3.3.4. VAN TIT LU : Van tit lu c nhim v iu chnh lu lng dng chy qua van theo p sut yu cu, tc l iu chnh vn tc v thi gian chuyn ng ca c cu chp hnh. Nguyn l lm vic ca van l lu lng dng chy qua van ph thuc vo s thay i tit din ca van. a. Van tit lu mt chiu Van thng dung iu chnh tc ca xy lanh kh nn Nguyn l : Chiu P n A : tit lu Chiu ngc li A n P : khng tit lu.

V d : Nhn nt nhn 1 xylanh i ra chm, nhn nt nhn 2 xylanh i vo bnh thng.

b. Van tit lu 2 chiu : Nguyn l : C 2 chiu P n A v A v P u tit lu .

3.3.5 VAN LOGIC a. Van OR: Van ny gm 2 ca vo X,Y v mt ca ra A duy nht. Nguyn l : Kh vo X ra A, kh vo Y ra A, kh vo c 2 ca X,Y cng ra A. Ch trng hp khng c kh vo X,Y th ca ra A khng c kh.

V d : Nhn nt nhn 1 hoc nt nhn 2 th xylanh i ra, b nt nhn xy lanh ii vo.

b. Van AND : Van c 2 ca vo X,Y v mt ca ra duy nht A. Ch mt trng hp hai ca vo X,Y cng c kh th ca ra A mi c kh ra, cc trng hp cn li ca ra A u khng c kh.

V d : Phi nhn ng thi c hai nt nhn 1 v 2, xylanh i ra. Nhn nt nhn 3 xylanh i vo.

3.3.6. VAN P SUT : Thng c s dng lm van an tn v van trn, c nhim v gi cho p sut trong mch trong gii hn p sut cho php. Khi p sut ln hn p sut cho php th van s m tht kh ra ngi mi trng.

3.3.7. VAN THT NHANH : L thit b ph, tng them tc ca piston, nh vy s gi c thi gian chy hnh trnh ngc ca piston. thng dung cho xylanh tc ng mt pha. Nguyn l : Kh vo P th ra A, ngc li kh vo A th x nhanh ra mi trng qua R

V d : nhn nt nhn xylanh i ra, b nt nhn xylanh i vo nhanh.

3.3. 8. RLE THI GIAN KH : Thit b ny l s b tr ca van o chiu 3/2, van tit lu mt chiu v mt bnh cha kh nh. C hai loi: a. Rle thi gian thng ng :

Nguyn l : ngun kh vo 1 b chn li, tn hiu iu khin vo 12, sau mt thi gian tr van 3/2 i v tr, ngun vo 1 v ra 2. thay i thi gian tr ta iu chnh tit lu. V d : Nhn nt nhn xylanh i ra, sau mt thi gian ch xylanh t i vo.

b.

Rle thi gian thng m :

Nguyn l cung tng t rle thi gian thng ng, im khc l ch rle ny s dng van 3/2 c trng thi thng m. 3.3.9. RLE P SUT : thit b ny l s t hp ca mt van o chiu 3/2 v mt van p sut.

Nguyn l : kh a ti 1 b chn li, khi dng kh a ti ca iu khin 12 t p sut yu cu th van 3/2 i v tr , kh vo 1 ra 2. c th thay i p sut tc ng bng cch iu chnh l xo trn van p sut. V d : Nhn nt nhn xylanh i ra, khi p sut nn trn xylanh t gi tr t, xylanh t i vo.