nh c 1 s c, tng hp li cc cu hi l thuyt hay ra, 1 s ci mnh hi thy Nguyn Ph T, 1

s ci th mnh t ngh ra, ko bit ng hay sai, mi ngi cn tnh to khi xi : ( y mnh ch ghi my
cu trc nghim c la chn ni dng, my cu m chn cu ng, cu sai th ko gh )
1/ Khi QG A thch xi ca QG B th ti QG A : gi tr ng tin QG A gim.
Gii thch : cu ng tin QG B tng, cung ng tin QG A tng trao i ln nhau => gi tr ng tin
QG A gim.
2/ Trong 1 TG c 2 QG sn xut sn phm X , nu t l mu dch ca QG 1 tng a% th t l mu dch ca
QG 2 gim : 100 - 100/(100+a)*100.
3/T l mu dch gia cc nc ang pht trin suy gim v : c cu hng xut khu .
Gii thch : cc nc ang pht trin sn xut nng sn, cc nc pht trin sn xut cng ngh, t l P
(nng sn)/ P (cng ngh) ang gim v P(nng sn) gim, cn P(cng ngh) tng l xu hng chung ( b
qua trng hp u t nng sn hay bo h sn phm nng sn cc nc pht trin v th gii coi
nh l trao i lnh mnh)
4/ Ngi sn xut thch dng quota hn thu nhp khu v khi cu tng th : gi tng, sn xut tng,
nhp khu ko i.
Gii thch : khi dng quota ( hn ngch ) th khc thu, dng hn ngch sn xut tng, gi tng v nhp
khu ko i ( v biu nhp khu ra khi c hn ngch s thy ), dng thu th sn xut ko i, gi ko
i, tiu dng tng.
5/Ngi tiu dng thch thu quan hn so vi quota v : tiu dng nhiu hn vi gi ko i khi cu tng.
6/Khi chnh ph tin hnh tr cp xut khu, ngi c li nht l : ngi tiu dng nc ngoi.
Gii thch : trong biu , phn li ch ca ngi tiu dng nc ngoi b hn ngi sn xut trong
nc v nguyn 1 khong sn phm tng ln, ngi tiu dng nc ngoi mua vi gi c.
7/ Khi c s di chuyn t bn quc t th : thu nhp ca ngi lao ng ti quc gia u t s gim.
Gii thch, quc gia u t em vn u t vo nc c gi lao ng thp hn gi ti quc gia mnh =>
gi lao ng trong nc gim xung v cu nhu cu lao ng trong nc gim.
8/ Mc d ko c li nhng cc nc vn tin hnh tr cp xut khu v : xut pht t li ch x hi, m
rng quy m sn xut trong nc, to cng n vic lm.
T t post tip.

Mt b quyt bn lun nh i vi chng 1 l bt k bi cho NSL hay CPh g bn cng quy v t l

Px/Py nh vy s d nht.
Chng hn cho NSL
QG1 QG2
A 1 (Sp/g) 2 (sp/g)
B 2 (sp/g) 1 (sp/g)
Vy ta c PA/PB ca quc gia 1= 2/1
Pa/Pb QG2=1/2
Ta thy (Pa/Pb)1>(PA/Pb)2 => quc gia 2 c li th so snh sp A, (lu khng c li th tuyt i, v nu
c li th tuyt i khi chn trc nghim bn s chn phng n ch hok phi so snh)
Khung trao i. Ta thy
1/2 < Pa/Pb < 2/1 => 1/2 B <1A< 2B hay 1B<2A<4B (ging quy ng mu vy bn).
T y bn coi phng n no ri quy ng cho ging l ra.
T l trao i mu dch hai quc gia bng nhau.
Ci ny cng d ch cn bn tnh trung bnh cng ca Pa/Pb ca hai quc gia l ra lin.
chng hn y t l l Pa/Pb=(1/2 + 2)/2= 5/4

Hay Pa/Pb=5/4 => 4A=5B (nu bi cha c t l ny, bn tnh theo t l sau:)
Pb/Pa = (2/1 +1/2)/2= 5/4 => 4B = 5A
y ti mnh cho s hi c bit nn c 2 s 5/4 ch thc t c th khc.
Vy ta c vi 4A=5B hoc 4B=5A th li ch mu dch hai quc gia bng nhau. v thi c th ngi ta cho
t l ny hoc ng dng nhng quy ng ln bn c kim tra nh. Tt nht l c tn t l sau so snh
vi t l 4 phng n.
- By gi ti phn li ch mu dch quc gia no nhiu hn.
Ci ny ging nh ng thng, im c Pa/Pb=5/4 l trung im. Nu Pa/Pb lch v pha 1/2 tc l
ng vi quc gia 2 th di t quc gia 1 n trung im cng ln do li ch mu dch quc gia 2
nh hn. Tng t cho quc gia 1.
Vy y li ch quc gia hai nh hn => 5/4 <pa/Pb<2 => khung t l 5/4B<1A<2B
Lu phi nhn 4 phng n mt cht nu c 3 phng n cho khung t l ...A<..B<...A
tc lc ny ang lm theo t l PB/PA th ng vi n bn phi tnh theo PB/PA tt c, nu khng s b
sai.
Ch vy thi.
VD : bi tp 4/24 ca sch L thuyt v chnh sch thng mi quc t ca PGS TS Nguyn Ph T.
Quc gia : 1 2
Sn phm
X ( kg/ gi lao ng ) 3 4
Y ( m/ gi lao ng ) 4 7
Gi s ti hai quc gia s dng 500 gi lao ng cho mi sn phm X v Y.
B qua phn cu hi. Ti s phn tch cc kiu .
Trc ht phi xc nh y l chi ph hay nng sut lao ng. Ch k v nu ko xc nh ci ny t u
s xc nh ln xut nhp sn phm no.
Chi ph s c dng ( gi lao ng/ sn phm....). Nng sut c dng ( sn phm/ gi lao ng )
Trn kia l khi ni v li th so snh, li th tuyt i th khi ni ri, nhn v l bit, cn chi ph c hi
th tng ng li th so snh tuy nhin khc n v o, ko coi lao ng l thc o duy nht, tui coi
nh ging so snh v c tng quan sau mi ngi d hiu:
Chi ph s c dng ( gi lao ng/ kg hay m....). Nng sut c dng ( kg hay m ...../ gi lao ng )
K tip l cc chu trnh xc nh qui m sn xut :
1/ Qui m sn xut tiu dng khi ng ca ( t sn xut ) :
Qg1 : Sx = Dx = 1500 sp
Sy = Dy = 2000 sp
Qg2 : Sx = Dx = 2000 sp
Sy = Dy = 3500 sp
TG : Sx = Dx = 3500sp
Sy = Dy = 5500sp
2/ Qui m sn xut tiu dng khi thng mi v chuyn mn ha hon ton ( thc ra th ko nht nh
phi chuyn mn ha, c th sn xut c 2 sp mc t l cho php l c, nhng nh vy s dn ti l
ko lm trc nghim c v mi ngi ly 1 t l khc nhau ):
Xc nh c s : c s li th tuyt i, so snh hay li th v chi ph c hi.

Cch xc nhn :
Li th tuyt i khi X ca QG 1 c li th hn hn QG2 v Y ca QG2 c li th hn hn QG1 , VD cho
d nhn :
QG 1 2
Sn phm
X ( kg/ h) 3 5
Y ( m/h ) 4 2
Ci ny nhn v l bit tuyt i ri ( X th 5 >3, Y th ngc li 4 >2 => QG1 xut Y nhp X, QG 2 xut
X nhp Y )
Li th so snh : khi ko c li th tuyt i gia 2 QG m ch c 1 quc gia c
Vd : bi trn r rng l QG 2 ci no cng hn hn QG 1: X : 4>3, Y : 7>4.
Tuy nhin mun trao i thng mi th ko th no m ch c 1 nc sn xut c 2 mt hng c. V
vy phi xc nh li th so snh. So snh y l so snh v t l sn phm, 2 trng hp chi ph v
nng sut u khc nhau.
Trong trng hp chi ph th : X1/ Y1 < X2/Y2 => QG 1 xut X nhp Y, QG 2 xut Y nhp X v chi ph sn
xut X/Y ca QG 1 thp hn QG 2 nn sn xut X tn chi ph.
Trong trng hp nng sut th : X1/Y1 < X2/Y2 => QG 1 xut Y nhp X, Qg 2 xut X nhp Y v nng sut
sn xut X/Y ca QG 1 thp hn QG 2 nn QG 2 sn xut X s c li v nng sut hn.
Li th v chi ph c hi : n cng ging li th so snh m chi tit hn 1 cht. Nhng bn s xc nh
l li th v chi ph c hi d dng khi bi bo tnh chi ph c hi ca 2 sn phm X, Y ca 2 quc gia
hay khi cho chi ph c hi ca 2 sn phm; ngoi ra khi thy c n v l kg hay m, ta c th coi l
chi ph c hi.
Lu l 2 trng hp chi ph v nng sut cng khc nhau :
V chi ph th l nhn cho . Cn nng sut l nhn ngang. VD i cho d hiu :
Chi ph :
Quc gia : 1 2
Sn phm
X( gi lao ng/ kg) 20 50
Y ( gi lao ng/ m) 30 40
Chi ph c hi : ( 20 Y= 30 X) (50 Y= 40 X)
1 X = 2/3 Y 1 X= 5/4 Y
1 Y = 3/2 X 1 Y = 4/5 X
Nng sut :
Quc gia 1 2
Sn phm
X ( kg/ gi lao ng ) 20 50
Y ( m/ gi lao ng ) 30 40
Chi ph c hi : ( 20 X = 30 Y ) (50 X = 40 Y )
1 X = 3/2 Y 1 X = 4/5 Y
1 Y = 2/3 X 1 Y = 5/4 X
Tnh chuyn mn ha v m hnh thng mi :
bi tp trn th
QG 1 xut X nhp Y, QG 2 xut Y nhp X.
QG 1 ( 3000 X; 0 Y )

QG 2 ( 0 X ; 7000 Y)
TG ( 3000X; 7000Y )
iu kin thng mi :
QG1 : 3X > 4Y (1)
QG2 : 7Y > 4X (2 )
( (1) * 4 : 12X > 16Y v (2) * 3 : 21 Y > 12 X c 12 X chung)
=> 21Y > 12 X > 16 Y ( theo QG xut X l QG 1 )
( (1) * 7 : 21 X > 28 Y v (2) * 4 : 28 Y > 16 X c 28 Y chung )
=> 21 X > 28 Y > 16 X ( theo QG xut Y l QG 2)
T l thng mi li ch 2 quc gia l bng nhau :
Xut pht t QG1 : l QG xut X, xt t l : 16Y < 12X < 21 Y => 12X = (16 Y + 21 Y ) /2 = 18.5 Y
Xut pht t QG2 : l QG xut y, xt t l : 16X < 28Y< 21X => 28Y = ( 16X +21X ) /2 = 18.5 X
C ngha l s gia = trung bnh cng 2 s 2 bn.
Xc nh li ch sn xut v tiu dng : Ta xt t l trao i l 1500X; 2500Y
C 2 trng hp :
a) Ca c 2 quc gia :
ng ca : TG ( 3500X; 5500Y )
Chuyn mn ha v thng mi : TG ( 3000X; 7000Y )
So snh vi lc ng ca ta thy khi chuyn mn ha v thng mi th : - 500X +1500Y.
Gi ta phi qui i t l :
Gi s X theo Y
Xt QG xut khu X l QG 1 , t l X v Y l : 3X = 4Y . Vy -500X = -500 /3 *4= -666.66 Y.
Vy, c TG l : -500X +1500Y = -666.66 Y +1500 Y = +833.33 Y
Gi s Y theo X :
Xt QG xut khu Y l QG2, t l X v Y l : 4X = 7Y. Vy 1500Y = 1500/7 * 4 = 857 X
Vy, c TG l : -500X + 1500Y = -500X + 857X = +257 X
Lu :
Trn kia l nng sut nn t l nhn ngang ( 3X = 4Y v 4X = 7Y). Cn trng hp chi ph th nhn cho
hoc chia (vd gi s bi 4 l chi ph th t l l 4X = 3Y hay X/3 = Y/4) .
Khi xt sn phm X theo Y th cn xt t l ca QG xut X, cn xt Y theo X th phi xt t l ca QG xut Y.
Ch cn qui i X theo Y hoc Y theo X, ko cn phi qui i c 2 trng hp, tn thi gian .
Trng hp may mn c X v Y u dng th ta gi nguyn c 2 ci, khi phi qui i ( gi s khi
chuyn mn ha v trao i : +500X +1500Y th khi phi qui i )
Trnh by :
Li ch sn xut :
Ngun lc sn xut ca TG ko i : 2000 gi lao ng
Qui m sn xut tng : +833Y (hay l +257X)
Kt lun : Hiu qu sn xut tng
Li ch tiu dng :
Ngn sch ko i
Qui m tiu dng tng : +833Y ( hay l +257X)
Kt lun: Hiu ch tiu dng tng.
b) Ca mi quc gia : T l trao i l 1500X; 2500Y
Ta cng lm tng t ging 2 QG nhng chia nh cho tng QG :
QG1 :
ng ca ( 1500X; 2000Y)

Chuyn mn ha ( 3000X; 0Y)

Trao i ( 3000X - 1500X= 1500X; 2500Y)
So vi khi ng ca : +500Y.
QG2:
ng ca : (2000X ; 3500Y)
Chuyn mn ha ( 0X; 7000Y)
Trao i ( 1500X; 7000Y - 2500Y = 4500Y)
So vi khi ng ca : -500X + 1000Y
Lc ny ta phi i t l . Ta c t l X v Y ca QG2 l : 4X = 7Y.
Vy -500X = -500/4*7=-875Y.
Vy, so vi khi ng ca th : -500X +1000Y = -875Y +1000Y = 125Y.
Lu :
y l nng sut nn t l nhn ngang. Chi ph th nhn cho hay chia.
Trnh by, ging trn, ko c g khc.
Khung t l trao i tin t : Gi s QG1 : 1 h c tr 24L , QG2 : 1 h c tr $84.
Tnh QG1 :
Px = gi ca 1 sn phm X = 24/3= 8L
Py = gi ca 1 sn phm Y = 24/4 = 6L
Tnh QG2 :
Px = 84/4 = 21$
Py = 84/7 = 12$
Lu : do y l nng sut nn mi chia. Cch hiu l : Ti QG 1 : trong 1h lao ng sn xut ra c 3
X, gi ca 1h lao ng l 24L = gi ca 3 sn phm X. Vy gi ca 1 X l 24L/3 = 8L.
Trng hp chi ph th phi nhn ln. Vd: chi ph ca sn phm X ( gi lao ng/ kg) =8. Ngha l 8h la
ng mi sn xut c 1 X. Vy gi ca 1 X l : 8*24L = 192L.
Okie, qua c ci ny th ta s da vo t l trao i X v Y ca mi quc gia m tnh ra :
Tnh theo t l ca QG1, xut X : 16Y < 12X < 21Y.
X l ca QG 1 , Y l ca QG2 nn ta c t l khung trao i tin t sau :
16* Py2 < 12* Px1 <21* Py2
<=>16* 12$ < 12* 8L < 21* 12$
<=>192 $ < 96 L < 252 $
<=>2 $ < 1L < 2.625 $
Tng t vi t l ca QG2
Lu : X ca QG no th nhn vi Px ca QG , Y ca QG no th nhn vi Py ca quc gia , ko dng
chung Px, Py ca 1 QG trong khung t l trao i.

. Bi tp v L thuyt Li th tuyt i v Li th so snh:

Cho bng s liu v chi ph sn xut (gi cng) cho mi n v sn phm cc quc gia nh sau:

a. Nc no c li th tuyt i v thp, v vi? Ti sao?

b. Nu thng mi din ra gia Nht Bn v Vit Nam ti mc gi l 1 vi i 2 thp th hai
nc c li hay khng? Gii thch?
Hng dn:
a. Ta thy, chi ph sn xut thp v vi Vit Nam u thp hn so vi Nht Bn. Vi vy, Vit
Nam c li th tuyt i v c hai sn phm.
b. tnh ton li ch t trao i vi t l cho, trc ht phi tnh ton gi c tng quan ca
tng sn phm ca tng quc gia. Gi c tng quan chnh l gi ca sn phm ny tnh bng
sn phm khc da trn chi ph lao ng trong phm vi mt quc gia. V vy:
- Nht Bn: gi thp trong nc: 1thp = 0,4vi hay 2thp = 0,8vi. Trao i vi Vit Nam:
2thp = 1 vi. Li ch thu c: 1vi 0,8vi = 0,2vi.
- Tng t, Vit Nam: gi vi trong nc: 1vi = 1thp. Trao i vi Nht Bn:
1vi = 2thp. Li ch thu c: 1thp 1thp = 1thp.
Tm tt bng sau:

2. Bi tp v thu quan
th cung cu ca mt loi thnh phm X th trng ni a cho bi hai phng trnh sau:
Cung: QS = -50 + 10P. (P c tnh bng USD)
Cu: QD = 400 - 5P

Sn phm X c bn trn th trng th gii vi gi Pw = 20USD.

a. Xc nh s lng hng nhp khu trong trng hp t do ho thng mi
b. Nu chnh ph p dng thu quan nhp khu vi thu sut t = 25%, xc nh s lng hng
nhp khu.
c. Hy tnh ton nhng li ch v thit hi ca thu quan ni trn.
Hng dn:
a. iu kin t do ho thng mi:
Gi c trong nc = gi c th gii. Px = Pw = 20USD
Cung: Qs = -50 + 10x20 = 150 (X)
Cu: Qd = 400 5x20 = 300 (X)
Nhp khu: Qnk (AB) = Qd Qs = 300 150 = 150 (X)
b. Thu nhp khu t = 25%, gi c hng ho nhp khu by gi s l Pt = Pw(1 + 0,25) =
25USD.
Cung: Qs = -50 + 10x25 = 200 (X)
Cu: Qd = 400 5x25 = 275 (X)
Nhp khu: Qnk (CD) = Qd Qs = 275 200 = 75 (X)
c. Tnh ton nhng li ch v thit hi ca thu quan:
Tnh ton theo hnh minh ho di y:
- Thng d tiu dng gim (TDTD) = a + b + c + d = [(275 + 300)x5]/2

(USD)

- Thng d sn xut tng (TDSX) = a = [(150 + 200)x5]/2

(USD)

- Thu ngn sch chnh ph (NSCP) = c = 75 x 5

(USD)

- Thit hi x hi do thu quan = TDTD TDSX NSCP

(USD)

v d 1:cho m hnh gia 2 quc gia 1 v quc gia 2 nh sau:n v:(lao ng/sn phm)
80000l 90000l
QG1 QG2
sn phm A 4 2
sn phm B 1 3

cu hi:a.xc nh m hnh mu dch gia 2 QG?gii thch?

b.xc nh khung trao i gia 2 QG
c.tnh li ch do TMQT em li cho mi quc gia:bit khi trao i quc t l:15000A=20000B
d.v ng gii hn khk nng sn xut ca mi quc gia.
bi gii:
a.xc nh m hnh mu dch gia 2 QG v gii thch:
- sn xut thm mt n v sn phm A:
QG1:1A=4B
QG2:1A=2/3B(1A=0,67B) =>3A=2B
- sn xut thm mt n v sn phm B:
QG1:1B=1/4A(1B=0,25A) =>4B=1A
QG2:1B=3/2A(1B=1,5A)
=>ta nhn thy chi ph c hi m QG1 s dng sn xut sn phm B thp hn ca QG2
=>QG1 c li th v sn phm B =>QG1 s chuyn mn ha sn phm B
+chi ph c hi ca QG2 s dng sn xut sn phm A thp hn QG1 =>QG2 s c li th v
sn phm A =>QG2 s chuyn mn ha sn phm A.
b.xc nh kkhung trao i:
trao i ngang gi
QG1:ni a:4B=1A
quc t:4B>1A =>12B>3A
QG2:ni a:3A=2B
quc t:3A>2B =>6A>4B
=>khung trao i:2B<3A<12B hoc 1A<4B<6A
c.xc nh li th do TMQT em li cho mi quc gia:15000A=20000B
QG1:chuyn mn ha sn xut spB =>kh nng sn xut l:80000B
trao i quc t,kh nng tiu dng:60000B -15000A
t sn xut,kh nng tiu dng l: 60000B =>5000A
60000l =>tha 20000l

=>khi em trao i quc t th QG1 s tng thm 10000A

t sn xut,kh nng tiu dng l: 15000A =>20000B
60000l =>tha 20000l
=>khi em trao i th QG1 tng thm 40000B
QG2:chuyn mn ha sn xut spA =>kh nng sn xut l:45000A
trao i quc t,kh nng tieu dng l:30000A - 20000B
t sn xut,kh nng tiu dng l:30000A =>10000B
60000l =>tha 30000l
=>kkhi em trao i quc t th QG2 tng thm 10000B

t sn xut,kh nng tieu dng l: 20000B =>15000A

60000l =>tha 30000l
=>khi em trao i quc t th QG2 tng thm 15000A
d.v ng gii hn kh nng sn xut ca 2 QG
QG1:ta c phng trnh:4A+1B=80000 l
QG2:ta c phng trnh:2A+3B=90000 l
da vo 2 phng trnh ta c th v c ng gii hn kh nng sn xut ca 2 QG
cc bn t v nh.
Bi vit gc ti: http://www.vnecon.vn/showthread.php?t=30808&page=1#ixzz1sDAfIUZe
v d 1:cho m hnh gia 2 quc gia 1 v quc gia 2 nh sau:n v:(lao ng/sn phm)
80000l 90000l
QG1 QG2
sn phm A 4 2
sn phm B 1 3
cu hi:a.xc nh m hnh mu dch gia 2 QG?gii thch?
b.xc nh khung trao i gia 2 QG
c.tnh li ch do TMQT em li cho mi quc gia:bit khi trao i quc t l:15000A=20000B
d.v ng gii hn khk nng sn xut ca mi quc gia.
bi gii:
a.xc nh m hnh mu dch gia 2 QG v gii thch:
- sn xut thm mt n v sn phm A:
QG1:1A=4B
QG2:1A=2/3B(1A=0,67B) =>3A=2B
- sn xut thm mt n v sn phm B:
QG1:1B=1/4A(1B=0,25A) =>4B=1A
QG2:1B=3/2A(1B=1,5A)
=>ta nhn thy chi ph c hi m QG1 s dng sn xut sn phm B thp hn ca QG2
=>QG1 c li th v sn phm B =>QG1 s chuyn mn ha sn phm B
+chi ph c hi ca QG2 s dng sn xut sn phm A thp hn QG1 =>QG2 s c li th v
sn phm A =>QG2 s chuyn mn ha sn phm A.
b.xc nh kkhung trao i:
trao i ngang gi
QG1:ni a:4B=1A
quc t:4B>1A =>12B>3A
QG2:ni a:3A=2B
quc t:3A>2B =>6A>4B
=>khung trao i:2B<3A<12B hoc 1A<4B<6A
c.xc nh li th do TMQT em li cho mi quc gia:15000A=20000B

QG1:chuyn mn ha sn xut spB =>kh nng sn xut l:80000B

trao i quc t,kh nng tiu dng:60000B -15000A
t sn xut,kh nng tiu dng l: 60000B =>5000A
60000l =>tha 20000l
=>khi em trao i quc t th QG1 s tng thm 10000A
t sn xut,kh nng tiu dng l: 15000A =>20000B
60000l =>tha 20000l
=>khi em trao i th QG1 tng thm 40000B
QG2:chuyn mn ha sn xut spA =>kh nng sn xut l:45000A
trao i quc t,kh nng tieu dng l:30000A - 20000B
t sn xut,kh nng tiu dng l:30000A =>10000B
60000l =>tha 30000l
=>kkhi em trao i quc t th QG2 tng thm 10000B
t sn xut,kh nng tieu dng l: 20000B =>15000A
60000l =>tha 30000l
=>khi em trao i quc t th QG2 tng thm 15000A
d.v ng gii hn kh nng sn xut ca 2 QG
QG1:ta c phng trnh:4A+1B=80000 l
QG2:ta c phng trnh:2A+3B=90000 l
da vo 2 phng trnh ta c th v c ng gii hn kh nng sn xut ca 2 QG
cc bn t v nh.

Bai 2
Cho phng trnh ng cung v cu i vi mt hng X ca quc gia nh l :
S(x)=2+6P(x) (1)
D(x)=20-4P(x) (2)
Bit gi hng ha trc khi nhp khu l P=1USD, Chnh ph nh thu T=50%.
Thu nhp chnh ph t thu NK = 1,5 USD
Mc gim thng d ngi tiu dng khi CP nh thu = 7,5 USD
Mc tng thng d i vi nh sn xut = 4,75 USD
Gi s quc gia tham gia vo khu vc mu dch t do vi mc th nhp khu ch cn 5%
Hy tnh cc ch tiu: thu nhp ca chnh ph; mc gim thng d ngi tiu dng khi CP nh
thu; mc thng d i vi ngi sn xut. Rt ra nhn xt.
Bi lm:
Ta c :
P0 : Gi hng ha khi cha nh thu
P1: Gi hng ha khi b nh thu
Q1, Q2 : Sn lng sn xut
Q3. Q4 : Sn lng tiu dng

P1 = P0(1+T) = 1(1+0.05) = 1.05 (USD)

Da vo pt (1), (2) ta tnh Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4
Q1 = 2 + 6.1 = 8
Q2 = 2 + 6.1,05 = 8.3
Q3 = 20 4.1,05= 15,8
Q4 = 20 4.1 = 16
(a). Thu nhp ca chnh ph t thu nhp khu = (P1- P0).(Q3 Q2) = 0,05.7,5 = 0.375 (USD)
(b). Mc gim thng d ngi tiu dng khi chnh ph nh thu = .(Q3 + Q4).(P1 P0) =
.(15,8+16).(0,05) = 0.795 (USD)
. Mc tng thng d i vi nh sn xut = .(Q2 + Q1).(P1 P0) = .(8,3 + 8).(0,05) = 1.66
(USD)
(d). Nhn xt :
Sau khi tham gia vo khu vc mu dch t do th:
Mc gim thng d i vi ngi tiu dng gim t 7,5 USD xung cn 0,795 USD.
Mc tng thng d i vi nh sn xut gim : t 4,75 USD xung cn 1,66 USD.
Thu nhp ca chnh ph gim : t 1,5USD xung cn 0,375 USD

Hng dn gii bi tp Kinh t quc t

HNG DN GII BI TP

1. Bi tp v L thuyt Li th tuyt i v Li th so snh:

Cho bng s liu v chi ph sn xut (gi cng) cho mi n v sn phm cc quc gia nh sau:

a. Nc no c li th tuyt i v thp, v vi? Ti sao?

b. Nu thng mi din ra gia Nht Bn v Vit Nam ti mc gi l 1 vi i 2 thp th hai

nc c li hay khng? Gii thch?
Hng dn:
a. Ta thy, chi ph sn xut thp v vi Vit Nam u thp hn so vi Nht Bn. Vi vy, Vit
Nam c li th tuyt i v c hai sn phm.
b. tnh ton li ch t trao i vi t l cho, trc ht phi tnh ton gi c tng quan ca
tng sn phm ca tng quc gia. Gi c tng quan chnh l gi ca sn phm ny tnh bng
sn phm khc da trn chi ph lao ng trong phm vi mt quc gia. V vy:
- Nht Bn: gi thp trong nc: 1thp = 0,4vi hay 2thp = 0,8vi. Trao i vi Vit Nam :
2thp = 1 vi. Li ch thu c: 1vi 0,8vi = 0,2vi.
- Tng t, Vit Nam : gi vi trong nc: 1vi = 1thp. Trao i vi Nht Bn:
1vi = 2thp. Li ch thu c: 1thp 1thp = 1thp.
Tm tt bng sau:

2. Bi tp v thu
quan
th cung cu ca
mt loi thnh phm
X th trng ni a
cho bi hai phng trnh sau:
Cung: QS = -50 + 10P. (P c tnh bng USD)
Cu: QD = 400 - 5P
Sn phm X c bn trn th trng th gii vi gi Pw = 20USD.
a. Xc nh s lng hng nhp khu trong trng hp t do ho thng mi
b. Nu chnh ph p dng thu quan nhp khu vi thu sut t = 25%, xc nh s lng hng
nhp khu.
c. Hy tnh ton nhng li ch v thit hi ca thu quan ni trn.
Hng dn:
a. iu kin t do ho thng mi:
Gi c trong nc = gi c th gii. Px = Pw = 20USD
Cung: Qs = -50 + 10x20 = 150 (X)

Cu: Qd = 400 5x20 = 300 (X)

Nhp khu: Qnk (AB) = Qd Qs = 300 150 = 150 (X)
b. Thu nhp khu t = 25%, gi c hng ho nhp khu by gi s l Pt = Pw(1 + 0,25) =
25USD.
Cung: Qs = -50 + 10x25 = 200 (X)
Cu: Qd = 400 5x25 = 275 (X)
Nhp khu: Qnk (CD) = Qd Qs = 275 200 = 75 (X)
c. Tnh ton nhng li ch v thit hi ca thu quan:
Tnh ton theo hnh minh ho di y:
- Thng d tiu dng gim (TDTD) = a + b + c + d = [(275 + 300)x5]/2

(USD)

- Thng d sn xut tng (TDSX) = a = [(150 + 200)x5]/2

(USD)

- Thu ngn sch chnh ph (NSCP) = c = 75 x 5

(USD)

- Thit hi x hi do thu quan = TDTD TDSX NSCP

(USD)