I.

Hng dn chia cng bng PQmagic

Bn phi khi ng my tnh MSDOS mode (dng a mm hoc "Restart in MSDOS mode" vi Win9x) th mi c th chy PartitionMagic c. Mn hnh chnh ca PartitionMagic nh sau (c th khc trn my bn, tu thuc vo tnh trng hin thi ca a cng ang c trn my ca bn:

Trn cng l Menu ca chng trnh, ngay pha di l ToolBar. Tip theo l mt lot cc khi "xanh xanh " biu th cc partition hin c trn a cng hin thi ca bn. Cui cng l bng lit k chi tit v thng s ca cc partition hin c trn a cng. Nt Apply dng ghi cc chnh sa ca bn vo a (ch khi no bn nhn Apply th cc thng tin mi thc s c ghi vo a). Nt Exit th chc l bn bit ri! Nhn vo Exit s thot khi chng trnh. Nu bn nhn nt phi mouse ln 1 mc trong bnng lit k th bn s thy 1 menu nh sau:

hu ht cc thao tc u c th c truy cp qua menu ny. Ch : Tt c cc thao tc ch bt u thc s c hiu lc (ghi cc thay i vo a cng) khi bn nhn vo nt Apply (hoc chn lnh Apply Changes menu General, hoc click vo biu tng Apply Changes trn Tool Bar). To partition Bn c th thc hin thao tc ny bng cch: Chn phn a cng cn trng trong bng lit k. Vo menu Operations ri chn Create... Hoc click phi mouse ln phn a cng cn trng trong bng lit k ri chn Create... trn popup menu. Sau khi bn chn thao tc Create. Mt dialog box (hp thoi) s xut hin:

Trong phn Create as bn chn partition mi s l Primary Partion hay l Logical Partition. Trong phn Partition Type bn chn kiu h thng file (FAT, FAT32...) cho Partition s c

to. Partition mi s c t ng format vi kiu h thng file m bn chn. Nu bn chn l Unformatted th ch c Partition mi c to m khng c format. Bn cng c th t "tn" cho Partition mi bng cch nhp tn vo Label. Phn Size l bn chn kch thc cho Partition mi. Ch : nu bn cn h thng file l FAT th kch thc ca Partition ch c th ti a l 2Gb. V cui cng, nu nh bn chn kch thc ca partition mi nh hn kch thc ln nht c th (gi tr ln nht trong Size) th bn c th chn partition mi nm u hoc cui vng a cn trng. Nu bn chn Beginning of freespace th phn a cn trng (sau khi to partition) s nm tip ngay sau Partition mi, cn nu bn chn End of free space th phn a cn trng s nm ngay trc Partition mi to. V n y bn ch phi click vo nt OK l hon tt thao tc! Format Partition Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k ri vo menu Operations, chn Format... hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Format...Hp thoi Format s xut hin.

Bn chn kiu h thng file phn Partition Type, Nhp vo "tn" cho partition Label (tu chn, c th trng), G ch OK vo Type OK to confirm parititon format (bt buc), v nhn OK hon tt thao tc! Ch : Nu nh kch thc ca partition m bn format ln hn 2Gb th bn s khng c php chn FAT trong phn Parttition Type. Xo Partition

Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Delete... hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Delete...Hp thoi Delete s xut hin.

G ch OK vo Type OK to confirm parititon deletion (bt buc), v nhn OK hon tt thao tc! Di chuyn/Thay i kch thc Partition Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Resize/Move... hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Resize/Move...Mt hp thoi s xut hin.

Bn c th dng mouse "nm v ko" trc tip phn graph biu th cho partition (trn cng), hoc nhp trc tip cc thng s vo cc Free Space Before, New Size v Free Space After, nhn OK hon tt thao tc! Ch : Ton b cu trc ca partition c th s phi c iu chnh li nn thi gian thc hin thao tc ny s rt lu nu nh a cng ca bn chm hoc partiton c kch thc ln. Nu c th, bn nn backup ton b data ca partition, xo partition c, to li partition vi kch thc

mi ri restore data th s nhanh hn rt nhiu. Copy Partition Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Copy... hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Copy...Mt hp thoi s xut hin.

Bn c th copy partition t a cng ny sang a cng khc bng cch chn a cng ch trong mc Disk. Tip theo bn chn partition ch bng cch click vo biu tng ca cc partition hoc chn 1 partition trong danh sch. Trong hnh minh ho ch c 1 partition bn c php chn l 1 partition cha c format, c dung lng l 456.8Mb. Nhn OK bt u qu trnh copy. Ch : c th thc hin c lnh copy, a cng ca bn phi c t nht 1 partition trng c dung lng ln hn hoc bng partition m bn nh copy. Thi gian copy nhanh hay chm tu thuc vo tc ca my bn v dung lng cn copy ln hay b. Ghp 2 partition li thnh 1 partition Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Merge... hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Merge...Mt hp thoi s xut hin.

Bn c th chn 1 trong cc kiu ghp nh sau: - Partition bn chn s c chuyn thnh 1 th mc nm trn 1 partition cnh n. - Partiton cnh partition bn chn s c chuyn thnh 1 th mc trn partition m bn chn. Ta gi partition b chuyn thnh th mc l partition khch; partition cn li l partition ch. Sau khi chn kiu ghp, bn chn tn cho th mc s cha ni dung (phn d liu) ca partition khch trong Folder Name. Chn kiu h thng file cho partition kt qu trong phn File System File. Nhn OK bt u qu trnh ghp. Ch : Bn ch c th ghp 2 partition nn cnh nhau (2 partition nm cnh nhau trong bng lit k). Sau khi ghp, partition mi s c kch thc bng tng kch thc ca 2 partition con. Backup d liu trc khi thc hin qu trnh ghp. Qu trnh ghp c th s c thc hin trong mt thi gian kh di nu nh d liu trong 2

partition ghp v c ghp l ln. Chuyn i kiu file h thng ca partition Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Convert hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Convert. Mt menu con s xut hin.

Bn c th chn mt trong cc kiu chuyn i: - T FAT sang FAT32, HPFS hic NTFS; - T FAT32 sanga FAT; - T NTFS sang FAT hoc FAT32. Ngoi ra bn cng c th chuyn 1 partition t Logical thnh Primary v ngc li. Ch : Backup d liu trc khi thc hin qu trnh chuyn i. Thi gian chuyn i kiu h thng file c th s rt lu i vi partition c dung lng ln. Cc thao tc nng cao Chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Advanced hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Advanced. Mt menu con s xut hin.

Bad Sector Retest: kim tra cc sector c nh du l "bad" trn a cng xem th n c cn s dng c na hay khng. Hide Partition: lm "n" partition; partition sau khi lm n th h iu hnh s khng cn nhn ra c na. lm "xut hin" li partition, bn chn lnh Unhide Partition. (nu bn chn Advanced trn 1 partion b n th lnh Hide Partition s c thay bng lnh Unhide Partition). Resize Root: thay i s lng file v th mc con m th mc gc c th lu tr. Set Active: lm cho partiton "active". Ti mt thi im ch c th c 1 partion c active, v h iu hnh no ci trn partion active s c chn khi ng lc bt my.

Resize Clusters: thay i kch thc ca 1 cluster. Cluster l mt nhm cc sector. Mi ln c/ghi a cng ta u truy xut tng cluster ch khng phi l tng sector; lm nh th s tng tc truy xut a cng. Thay i kch thc cluster chnh l thay i s sector trong mt cluster. S sector trong 1 cluster cng ln th a cng truy xut cng nhanh; nhng cng s gy lng ph dung lng a nhiu hn. Cc thao tc khc Kin tra li: chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Check for Errors...hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Check for Errors... Thng tin v partition: chn 1 partition trong bng lit k, vo menu Operations ri chn Info...hoc right click ln 1 partition trong bng lit k ri chn Info... Tng tc cc thao tc: bn vo menu General ri chn Preferences...Trong phn Skip bad sector checks, bn hy nh du chn tt c cc partition trong danh sch. La chn ny s lm cho tc ca cc thao tc nhanh hn khong 30-50% (xem hnh minh ho)

Lu Mt s lu chung: Hy backup d liu trc khi thc hin cc thao tc. Cc thao tc ch thc s thi hnh khi bn nhn vo nt Apply (hoc chn lnh Apply Changes menu General, hoc click vo biu tng Apply Changes trn Tool Bar).

Mt khi cc thao tc thc s thi hnh, bn hy n t kt thc, khng nn ngt ngang cng vic ca Partition Magic, nu khng bn c th b mt ton b d liu ca a cng. Cc con s gii hn: 32Mb: H iu hnh DOS cc version trc 3.3 khng truy xut c cc partition c dung lng ln hn 32Mb. 512Mb: y l "mc ngn cch gia" FAT v FAT32. Theo Microsoft khuyn co th nu partion c dung lng t 512Mb tr xung th bn nn dng FAT, nu t 512Mb tr ln th nn dng FAT32. 2Gb: y l gii hn ca FAT, h thng file FAT khng th qun l partition ln hn 2Gb. Mt s h iu hnh gp trc trc vi partition ln hn 2Gb (DOS 6.x, WinNT 4 khng th format c partition ln hn 2Gb). 1024 cylinder/2Gb: mt s BIOS khng th np h iu hnh nm ngoi vng 1024 cylinder u tin hoc 2Gb u tin ca a cng. Hay ni cch khc l mt s h iu hnh ci trn vng partition nm ngoi gii hn 1024 cylinder hoc 2Gb s khng th khi ng. 8.4Gb: cc mainboard c (trc nm 2000) c th khng nhn ra a cng c dung lng ln hn 8.4Gb. WinNT 4 cng khng th qun l c partition ln hn 8.4Gb. 1 active partition: ti mt thi im ch c th c 1 partition c active. 4 primary partition: 1 a cng ch c th c ti a 4 partition, tuy nhin s logical partition l khng gii hn. 2 primary partition: mt s h iu hnh b li (Win98, WinME...) nu nh cng mt lc c 2 primary partition khng "n"; gii quyt vn bn ch cn lm "n" 1 trong 2 partition.

II. Hng dn chia cng bng MS-DOS (FDISK)

Kinh nghim cho thy nu bn mun s dng Windows mt cch n nh v lu di, iu u tin bn cn lm l phi c mt phn vng cng "tt". Tt y c ngha l vic phn vng s p ng c yu cu ca bn khi phn chia d liu trn tng phn vng a c th. Ngoi ra, vic phn vng ny cn cho php bn p dng cc chnh sch an ninh, bo mt ring r i vi h iu hnh (vi Windows 2k tr ln). Mc d nu khng s dng FDISK, sau khi ci Windows bn vn c th s dng phn mm Partition Magic chia cng; tuy nhin v mt mt no , ng dng ny khng th p ng yu cu ca bn (chng hn nh khng th chia ng dung lng yu cu). Chnh v vy, FDISK vn l la chn d dng, hiu qu v tin dng nht cho bn. OK, cch FDISK s c tin hnh nh sau: ( c th FDISK, bn cn phi c a khi ng) Khi ng h thng t A, t du nhc trong DOS, bn g lnh: fdisk h thng sau s hin th nh sau: FDISK Options

Current fixed disk drive: 1 Choose one of the following: 1. Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive 2. Set active partition 3. Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive 4. Display partition information 5. Change current fixed disk drive Enter choice: [1] Dn gii: - Create DOS partition or Logical DOS Drive: To khu vc trn a (c th l 1 phn hoc ton b) v to a Logic cho Dos s dng. Trong mc ny cn c cc mc con sau: Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive Current fixed disk drive: 1 Choose one of the following: 1. Create Primary DOS Partition 2. Create Extended DOS Partition 3. Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition * Mc 1: u tin, bn cn phi to ra mt Primary DOS Partition (la chn 1). Vng ny c c im l ch cha 1 a duy nht c dung lng chim ton b khng gian vng v ch a ny c php khi ng. Nu bn nguyn dung lng cho a ny (100%) th qu trnh FDISK s hon tt v bn s ch c mt . Ti chc rng, t c bn no mun la chn phng n ny th nn, vic chng ta cn lm l cn chia nh dung lng ca ny. Bn c th chn khong 30-40% t du nhc. V d: dung lng ton cng ca bn l 40GB v khi bn chia 40% cho Primary DOS Partition (mc nh s l Csmile_image, th dung lng ny sau khi chia s l 16GB. Sau khi nh hnh kch thc c th cho vng ny xong, bn chuyn sang tin hnh mc 2. * Mc 2: Mc ny to vng a m rng dnh cho Dos. Dung lng l khng gian cn li ca a vt l hay ch 1 phn nu bn mun d tr mt vng ring ngoi tm kim sot ca Dos (dnh cho h iu hnh khc) gi l vng Non Dos. Vng Dos m rng ny s cha tt c cc a Logic m bn mun to v bn tin hnh to chng bng mc 3.

Ngoi ra, c mt ch i vi mc ny l nu bn chn tt c dung lng cn li ca a (100%), th sau khi chia bn s c 2 tt c (trong trng hp ny l C: v Dsmile_image. Cn nu bn mun c thm mt na (Esmile_image, bn cn nh kch thc c th (50% chng hn) Khi to a Logic, bn khng nn to qu nhiu (tt nht l 2) v dung lng cn trng s b phn tn trn tng a Logic khin cho vic ci t cc chng trnh ln tr nn kh khn. Ngoi ra nu bn c nhiu a vt l, bn cn ch cch gn tn a Logic ca Dos nh sau: Dos t tn theo th t ABC v gn cho vng Primary (Pri) trn mi a vt l trc (theo th t a vt l) sau mi n cc a Logic trn vng Extension ca tng a theo th t. Th d: C 2 a vt l, trn a master (1) chia 1 Pri, 2 Logic, trn a Slave (2) chia nh 1. Chng s c gn tn nh sau: 1 c C (Pri), E, F (Logic), 2 c D (Pri), G, H (Logic). Th t gn tn rt quan trng nu s s dn n vic Format sai a. Cc la chn cn li trong phn FDISK Options - Set active partition (la chn 2 trong phn FDISK Options): Ch nh a c php khi ng. Theo quy nh ca Dos, ch c a nm trong Pri Partition mi c php active ( a Csmile_image. Mc ny ch dng khi bn khng cho vng Pri chim ton b dung lng a vt l. - Delete partition or Logical DOS Drive: Xo b nhng g bn to trong mc 1. Theo quy nh ca Dos, qu trnh xa phi ngc li vi qu trnh to, ngha l ci g to u tin phi c xo sau cng v ngc li. Trong mc ny c cc mc con: Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive Current fixed disk drive: 3 Choose one of the following: 1. Delete Primary DOS Partition 2. Delete Extended DOS Partition 3. Delete Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition 4. Delete Non-DOS Partition Trong mc ny bn phi tin hnh ngc t di ln trn tc l tin hnh theo th t 4,3,2,1. - Display partition information: Hin th tnh trng hin ti ca a cng. Mc ny bn nn chn u tin trnh tnh trng thao tc nhm a. - Change current fixed disk drive: Chn a vt l thao tc. Ch : Khi bn FDISK trn a cng no (logic hay vt l) ton b d liu trn a s b xo. FDISK ch dng cho a cng, bn khng th FDISK a mm. Ngoi ra, sau khi FDISK xong, bn cng nn format li cng trc khi tin hnh ci Win.