CC PHNG PHP GIA CNG TRN MY PHAY I.

M u Hin nay phay l mt phng php gia cng ph bin, c kh nng cng ngh kh rng ri. Phay khng nhng gia cng c mt phng m cn c th gia cng c nhiu mt nh hnh khc nhau. Thng my phay chim khong 20% trong tng s cc my cng c. Phay c thc hin trn cc kiu my phay nh my phay vn nng nm ngang hoc ng. Trong sn xut hng lot ln cong thc hin trn my phay nhiu trc, my phay c bn quay, my phay chuyn dng. II. Nguyn l v kh nng cng ngh 1. Nguyn l Phay l phng php gia cng ct gt dng dng c nhiu li ct l dao phay gia cng cc mt phng v cc mt nh hnh khc. Phay c thc hin trn cc loi my phay. Hai loi my c s dng ph bin l ma phay ngang v my phay ng. Khi dng thm g lp c th thc hin mt s cng vic phay trn my tin, my khoan... ng hc c bn khi phay l: Hnh 1 - Chuyn ng chnh n (chuyn ng ct): l chuyn ng quay trn ca dao phay. - Chuyn ng chy dao s : l chuyn ng tnh tin ca phi(bn my). - Chuyn ng ph: vo ra ca phi so vi dao phay, chuyn ng phn

Hnh 1 Cc chuyn ng khi phay 2. Kh nng cng ngh: Hnh 2 Phay l phng php gia cng rt ph bin, c kh nng cng ngh rt rng ri. Phay dng ph bin gia cng mt phng, cc loi rnh phng v cong, cc dng mt nh hnh, bnh rng cc loi, ct t, phay ren.. Phay l phng php gia cng t nng sut cao, t c chnh xc v bng b mt xp x khi gia cng tin. Khi phay c th t chnh xc cp 11 9, bng t Rz 20Ra2,5. Trn my

phay chnh xc cao v dng dao phay chnh xc, c th t chnh xc, bng cao hn. Trn my phay c th: + Phay mt phng bng dao phay tr Hnh 2a + Phay mt phng bng dao phay mt u Hnh 2 b,c + Phay rnh bng dao phay ngn Hnh 2 d + Phay rnh bng dao phay a Hnh 2e + Phay cc rnh nh hnh Hnh 2g + Phay cc mt nh hnh Hnh 2k

Hnh 2 Kh nng cng ngh ca phay 3. My phay

a) Hnh 3 Cc loi my phay Cc loi my phay vn nng: + My phay ng (c trc dao thng ng) Hnh 3 a + My phay ngang (c trc dao nm ngang) Hnh 3 b Cc loi my phay chuyn dng:` + My phay ln rng

b)

+ My phay chp hnh.. Cc loi my phay t ng: 4. Cc trang b g t phi trn my phay 1) t song hnh Hnh 4.1 Dng g t cc loi phi dng khi hp 2) u phn vn nng Hnh 4.2 Dng g cc chi tit dng trc, g khi phay bnh rng, rnh then... 3) Vu kp Hnh 4.3 Phi hp vi bulng v ai c kp phi trn bn my hoc khi V

Hnh 4.1 t

Hnh 4.2 phn

Hnh 4.3 Cc lai vu kp . 5. Dao phay Dao phay c rt nhiu loi v phn loi nh sau:

1) Theo hnh dng dao: dao phay tr (rng thng, rng nghing), dao phay a, dao phay ngn, dao phay mt u (rng lin hoc rng ghp). 2) Theo dng rng dao: dao phay rng nhn, dao ht lng. 3) Theo cng dng: + Dao phay mt phng: - Dao phay tr (rng thng, rng nghing) Hnh 5.1a - Dao phay mt u.Hnh 5.1 b,c - Dao phay chp (c mnh ct quay) Hnh 5.1 h + Dao phay rnh (phay cc loi rnh): - Dao phay ngn Hnh 5.1 d - Dao phay a Hnh 5.1 e - Dao phay rnh nh hnh Hnh 5.1 g + Dao phay mt nh hnh: gia cng mt nh hnh. Hnh 5.1 k

Hnh 5.1 Cc loi dao phay 6 Phng php phay C hai phng php phay da theo chiu quay ca dao v hng tnh tin ca phi. -Phay thun L phng php phay m chiu quay ca dao v hng tnh tin ca phi ti im tip xc l thun chiu. Hnh 6.1

Hnh 6.1 Phay thun

Hnh 6.2 Phay nghch

* u im: - Chiu dy ct thay i t amax amin . Do ti thi im rng dao bt u ct khng xy ra s trt gia li ct v b mt gia cng , nn dao mn v tui bn dao tng. - C thnh phn lc ct P phi xung bn my, tng kh nng kp cht phi, gim rung ng. * Nhc im: - Lc rng dao chm vo phi, v a = amax nn xy ra s va p lm rng dao d m v tng rung ng. - Thnh phn lc ct Pn y phi theo phng chy dao, nn s tip xc gia rng vt me ko bn my v ai c bn my c th khng lin tc lm my chuyn ng git cc, gy rung ng.

- Phay nghch: L phng php phay m chiu quay ca dao v hng tnh tin ca phi ti im tip xc l ngc chiu. * u im: - Chiu dy ct tng t amin n amax, lc ct cng tng dn t P 0 n Pmax nn trnh c rung ng do va p. - Thnh phn lc Pn y phi ngc phng chy dao tng cng s tip xc n khp ren vt me v ai c , trnh c d v do trnh c rung ng khu ny. * Nhc im: - Ti thi im li ct tip xc vi phi th a = 0 nn xy ra s trt gia li ct v b mt gia cng. Do bng gia cng gim v li ct chng mn. - Thnh phn lc ct thng ng P c xu hng nng phi ln, gy ra rung ng v lm cho c cu kp phc tp hn. * S dng: Do nhng c im trn, phng php phay nghch thng dng khi gia cng th. 7 Cc nguyn cng phay c bn: 7.1 Chun v g t khi phay: Chun nh v khi phay thng l cc mt phng, hoc mt phng kt hp vi cc l nh v. Khi phay cc chi tit dng trc, phi c th c nh v trn cc l tm hoc bng cc b mt trc ngoi trn khi V bt cht trn bn my hoc g. Khi phay c phn , phi c truyn ng phn nh mm cp 3 chu ( c nh v trung bnh ) hoc nh tc kp. 7.2 Phay mt phng: a) Cc bin php phay: * Dng dao phay tr ( rng thng hoc rng nghing) (hnh 7.1). Dng cc phng php phay thun v phay nghch tin hnh phay mt phng . Khi ct th b mt phi c v cng th dng phay nghch . Khi ct tinh vi lng phay nh hoc ct kim loi mm th dng phay thun c hiu qu hn. * Dng dao phay mt u: ( hnh 7.2) dng c hiu qu trong sn xut ln.

Hnh 7.1 Phay bng dao phay tr u

Hnh 7.2 Phay bng dao phay mt

8. Phay rnh + Cc rnh vung hoc ch nht c phay bng dao phay a 3 mt (Hnh 8.1) + Cc rnh nh hnh (mang c, ui n..) c phay bng dao nh hnh (Hnh 8.2)

Hnh 8.1 Phay rnh vung 9. Phay rnh then

Hnh 8.2 Phay rnh mang c

Cc rnh then trn trc (then bng, then bn nguyt, then hoa...) thng c phay sau khi tin hoc mi - Phay bng dao phay a 3 mt:: dng phay then bng, then bn nguyt, then hoa. (Hnh 9.1) Phng php ny t nng sut cao, nhng chnh xc km v chiu rng rnh then thng b rng do trc g dao khng cng vng g dao khng thng gc tm trc, mi dao khng chnh xc.thng dng phay then hoa, then bn nguyt - Phay rnh then bng dao phay ngn: phay then bng, then hoa (Hnh 9.2) + Dng dao phay ngn thng thng: dao khng c li ct mt u nn khng tin dao dc trc dao c. V vy cn khoan mi trc mt l c ng knh bng chiu rng rnh then. + Dng dao phay ngn chuyn dng ( dao ui c ) ( Hnh 9.3): Dao c li ct mt u, do khng phi khoan mi trc.

Hnh 9.1 Phay rnh bng dao 3 mt Hnh 9.2 Phay rnh bng dao ui n

Hnh 9.3 Phay rnh bng dao phay ngn Phay then hoa * Trong iu kin sn xut thng thng, c th phay theo 2 bc sau - Phay 2 mt bn bng dao phay a 3 mt. 10

- Phay phn mt tr trong. * Trong iu kin sn xut loi ln: c th phay theo 1 trong 2 phng n sau: - Phay ng thi hai mt bn v hnh tr trong bng dao phay nh hnh thit k cho phay then hoa. - Phay ln then hoa: dng dao phay ln then hoa gia cng theo nguyn l bao hnh. 10. Phay bnh rng thanh rng * Trong iu kin sn xut thng thng ( n chic, lot nh v khng yu cu chnh xc cao ): dng dao phay mun c li ct dng rnh rng ( Hnh 10.1 ).Ct tng rnh rng, sau phn mt gc 360o /z ri ct cho n ht. * Trong iu kin sn xut lot ln: Dng phng php phay ln rng theo nguyn l bao hnh. C s ca phng php ny l nhc li s n khp truyn ng cng bc theo kiu cc b truyn bnh rng bnh rng hoc bnh rng thanh rng m trong mt ng vai tr ca dao mt ng vai tr ca phi. Phay cc mt nh hnh Dng dao phay nh hnh phay (Hnh 10.2) Cc mt nh hnh cn c chnh xc v bng b mt cao c gia cng trn cc my NC hoc CNC

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Hnh 3.14 Phay bnh rng

Hnh 3.15 Phay cc mt nh hnh

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