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nh tuyn trong Chuyn mch knh


nh tuyn trong PSTN

PSTN

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c im
Truy nhp analog 300-3400 Hz Kt ni song cng chuyn mch knh Bng thng chuyn mch 64kb/s hoc 300-3400Hz i vi chuyn mch analog Khng c kh nng di ng hoc di ng rt hn ch C nhiu chc nng tng ng vi mng N-ISDN

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Cu trc mng PSTN

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Thu bao u cui

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Vng ni b

Thu bao Thit b chuyn mch ca mng Chiu di vng ni b t vo Km n vi chc Km Hu ht s dng cp xon i, tng lai s s dng cp quang vi tc truyn cao hn
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Tng i

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Trung k
Kt ni gia cc b chuyn mch Trung k T1 mang 24 knh m, E1 mang 30 knh m c s ha v s dng iu ch PCM S dng k thut FDM hoc TDM Trung k ni ht v trung k lin tnh

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Giao thc bo hiu


H Bo hiu Bo hiu thng knh kt knh bo hiu hp chung s 7
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nh tuyn trong PSTN

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Khi nim

Phn loi v cc phng php

K hoch nh s

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I. Khi nim nh tuyn


nh tuyn l mt chc nng then cht trong cc mng truyn thng nhm nh ra cc tuyn ng chuyn lu lng t ngun n ng ch. Ty theo tiu ch cn thit khi xy dng cc h thng mng m p dng cc k thut nh tuyn khc nhau: nh tuyn phn cp, nh tuyn tnh, nh tuyn ng

Ni dung ch yu ca phn ny s xem xt cc k thut nh tuyn c bn ca cc h thng chuyn mch knh dng trong mng PSTN gn lin vi k hoch nh s v hot ng ca nt mng chuyn mch knh khi thc hin x l nh tuyn cuc gi.
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II.Phn loi cc k thut nh tuyn

K thut chuyn mch knh

nh tuyn phn cp
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nh tuyn ng

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2.1 nh tuyn phn cp


Cc nhm trung k trong mng nh tuyn phn cp gm c 2 loi: trung k lu lng ln HU (high usage) v trung k cui (final trunk). Nhm trung k lu lng ln l nhm trung k thng xuyn c lu lng trn , nhm trung k cui l nhm khng cho php cc nhm khc trn ti nu cuc gi khng tm c knh ri.

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2.1 nh tuyn phn cp


Vi mc tiu trnh lp vng trong qu trnh nh tuyn Cuc gi c nh tuyn qua node phn cp trc tip i vi c node ngun v node ch.

c ch nh tuyn phn cp nh sau:


Mt node ti mc cao hn phi c chc nng nh tuyn v chuyn mch cho cc node cp thp hn.
i vi cc cuc gi t min phn cp ny sang min phn cp khc, cc nhm trung k HU trong min cha node ngun chuyn mch ti bc cao hn trong min cha node ch. Lut ny c gi l lut nh tuyn u tin.
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2.2 nh tuyn ng
Mt c im bt li ln nht ca qu trnh nh tuyn phn cp l khng th nh tuyn cuc gi ti cc node c bc thp hn,

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nh tuyn phn cp s dng c ch iu khin cuc gi ly tin PCC (Progressive Call Control), iu khin cuc gi chuyn t mt node ny sang node khc cho ti khi tm c node ch v nu khng th tm thy mt trung k ra ti trung k chuyn tip th cuc gi s tn tht

nh tuyn ng c xy dng cho mng phn cp nhm khc phc cc im hn ch ca nh tuyn phn cp.

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2.2 nh tuyn ng Di y s trnh by s lc cc k thut nh tuyn ng c bn v cc u nhc im ca n v phn loi cc lc nh tuyn


nh tuyn ng khng phn cp DNHR (Dynamic Nonhierarchical Routing) l mt k thut nh tuyn ph thuc theo thi gian, cc tp tuyn c thit lp trc theo th t. DNHR cho php nhiu hn 2 lin kt cho mt cuc gi trong mng v lu tr cc ng nh tuyn lun phin ti cc node. nh tuyn mng thi gian thc RTNR (Real-Time Network Routing) c pht trin t k thut nh tuyn ng khng phn cp DNHR v l lc nh tuyn tng thch ng. Bng nh tuyn cho cc tuyn lun phin c cp nht theo tng cuc gi.

nh tuyn ng khng phn cp.

nh tuyn mng thi gian thc

nh tuyn iu khin ng DCR (Dynamically Controlled Routing) l mt k thut nh tuyn thch ng yu cu cp nht trng thi mng theo chu k. Cn c vo trng thi ca cc lin kt mng, cc tuyn c tnh ton bi mt b x l trung tm.

nh tuyn iu khin ng

nh tuyn lun phin ng

nh tuyn lun phin ng DAR (Dynamic Alternate Routing) l lc nh tuyn phn tn v thch ng DAR cho php cache cc tuyn c lu lng ti thp nht v mi khi lu lng thay i cc ng nh tuyn lun phin s la chn t ng cc ng lun phin c ti thp nht.

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2.2 nh tuyn ng Mt s cc kiu nh tuyn trn y c th c phn loi thnh cc kiu lc nh tuyn nh sau.

Tp trung v phn tn.

Ph thuc thi gian v tng thch.

nh k v theo yu cu.

Ph thuc trng thi v s kin.

Trong cc h thng tp trung,tnh ton tuyn c thc hin bi mt b x l tnh ton.Cc lc nh tuyn nh DNHR v DCR nm trong loi ny.Trong nh tuyn phn tn cc node chuyn mch t tnh ton ng dn v RTNR v DAR thuc loi ny

nh tuyn ph thuc thi gian lin quan ti ni dung bng nh tuyn bin i theo thi gian to ra mt tp ng dn kh dng trc.nh tuyn tng thch lin quan ti tn sut cp nht bng nh tuyn da trn lu lng hoc s kin.

Trong kiu nh tuyn tng thch, cp nht bng nh tuyn c thc hin theo chu k hoc theo yu cu. DCR l lc nh tuyn cp nht theo chu k (10s) v RTNR v DAR c hot ng cp nht theo cuc gi hoc tuyn d phng nghn.

nh tuyn ph thuc trng thi lin quan ti xem xt trng thi ca mng trong quyt nh nh tuyn. Thng thng, trng thi y c xt l kh dng ca lin kt

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X l nh tuyn cuc gi
Phn tch con s thu bao ch gi la chn bng phin dch nh tuyn Xc nh tng i trung gian & kt cui ti h thng chuyn mch

nh s

Chuyn mch

Bo hiu
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Bo hiu thc hin vic xc nh tuyn v knh truyn cho cc cuc gi

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Nguyn tc chuyn mch


1. Thit lp cuc gi 2. Truyn d liu (tr chuyn) 3. Ngt kt ni cuc gi
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Bo hiu

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H thng bo hiu s 7 (SS7)

Bo hiu

Bo hiu

Ting ni

Ting ni

www.thmemgallery.com

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Company Logo

III.Phng php nh s trong PSTN


K hoch nh s Mc ch chnh ca k hoch nh s l gn cho mi thu bao v dch v mt m duy nht, n gin c th thit lp cuc gi mt cch t ng. Theo quy tc, mi mng mang khc nhau s c cc k hoch nh s hoc cc sery khc nhau: PSTN, PLMN K hoch nh s h tr tin trnh thit lp cuc gi, c bit l trong vic chn tuyn trong cc tng i v vic kt lin mng gia cc mng mang, ng thi to nn tng c bn cho vic tnh cc cuc gi.

www.thmemgallery.com

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Company Logo

III. Phng php nh s trong PSTN

ng dng in hnh ca k thut chuyn mch knh l mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng PSTN.

Nguyn tc chung ca qu trnh nh tuyn cho cc cuc gi trong mng PSTN da trn a ch ch, cc h thng chuyn mch thc hin qu trnh nh tuyn thng qua a ch ch trn c s thng tin bo hiu.

K hoch nh s ton cu

Cc phng php nh tuyn trong mng PSTN thc t lun thng nht vi k hoch nh s, tnh cc,truyn dn v bo hiu.

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III. Phng php nh s trong PSTN

T chc lin minh vin thng quc t ITU-T ch ra cc nguyn tc c bn ca k hoch nh s trong mng PSTN nhm m bo 3 yu t:
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Cung cp nhn dng duy nht trong phm vi quc gia v quc t p ng c cc yu cu tng trng ca thit b u cui

di cc con s ph hp vi khuyn ngh ca t chc

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III. Phng php nh s Khuyn ngh ITU-T E.164 ra i vo thng 5 nm 1997, thuc vo seri E vi tiu "Hot ng chung ca mng, dch v in thoi, hot ng dch v v cc tc nhn con ngi", quy nh cc "Hot ng, nh s, nh tuyn v cc dch v di ng - Hot ng quc t - Quy hoch nh s cho dch v in thoi quc t". Chi tit hn, E.164 quy nh v cc phng php nh s cho cc thit b vin thng hot ng trong mng cng cng.

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E.164 tp trung quy nh cu trc con s v chc nng ca cc s s dng trong vin thng cng cng quc t tun theo theo 3 dng:

Vng Dch v

Mng
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II.Phng php nh s Phng php nh s Phng php nh s ng (closed): quanh 1:1 vi m s (code). Phng php ny ch p dng cho nhng mng nh, cn vi mng in thoi th khng. Phng php nh s m (Open): dng nhiu n v m to nn s my in thoi v s dng khi quay s

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II. Phng php nh s


M thu bao
SC- Subscriber code

M tng i
Local Exchange code

M vng
AC- Area code

M c bit M nc
Country code

i vi cuc gi lin tnh dng tin t 0+AC+TN i vi cuc gi quc t dng tin t 00+CC+AC+TN Hin nay ngi ta s dng AC (Area Code) vi 2 ngha: m vng v m mng
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III.Phng php nh s
i vi mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng PSTN, E.164 quy nh tng di cc con s s dng khng vt qu 15 digits, c phn cp thnh cc vng m gm: m quc gia m vng, m tng i v cc con s thu bao. Cc h thng m ny thng i km vi m trung k to ra cc tin t c nh (prefix). Cc h thng chuyn mch da trn cc tin t phn bit cc cuc gi ra trong vng, trong nc hoc quc t. Cn c vo cc a ch tin t, h thng bng bin dch ca h thng chuyn mch s lu cc nh x a ch logic sang a ch vt l s dng trong qu trnh nh tuyn.
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Cc chun k thut

Cht lng chuyn mch


Mt kt ni Tr kt ni

Cht lng truyn dn


Cht lng truyn dn Cht lng ting

Cht lng n nh
tin cy Kh nng duy tr

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Mng vin thng hin nay


Nhc im ca PSTN ngy cng bc l r Nhu cu v dch v d liu ngy cng pht trin mnh m Xu th tch hp IP/ATM/MPLS cho mng ng trc S pht trin ca mng vin thng th gii

Xy dng mt c s h tng mi
Nng cp cc dch v IP trn nn PSTN
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Kin trc mng hi t S dng mt c s h tng truyn ti chung da trn cng ngh IP. C kin trc bo hiu IP chung cho cc dch v a phng tin c yu cu bo hiu (cc dch v truyn s liu s khng cn bo hiu IP). Mi trng kin to dch v m, c giao din chun m vi phn bo hiu IP, cho php trin khai dch v ca nh khai thc cng nh ca bn th 3. Cho php truy nhp mng bng nhiu cng ngh truy nhp khc nhau (nh xDSL, WLAN,3G).
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Phng n pht trin mng c nh Dch v

Bo hiu IP

Truyn ti IP
C nh Khng dy Di dng
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Trin khai NGN

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