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Phn mm m phng Packet Tracer c Cisco pht trin h tr ngi hc thc hnh trong cc kho hc CCNX. N c th m phng giao din dng lnh (Comand Line Interface) cc router ca Cisco. ci t Packet Tracer trn Windows cn Ci t Acrobat trc khi ci t Packet Tracer Kch hot file PacketTracer_setup.exe
Sau khi chy chng trnh trong Start\Program\Packet Tracer 4.1 ta c giao din nh hnh 1
Hnh 1: Giao din Packet Tracer 4.1 II. Thit k mng bng Packet Tracer 4.1
thit k mng lm theo cc bc sau: Chn Custom Made Devices. Chn Router 2621XM (NM-2FE2W (2) WIC-2T) sau ko vo mn hnh chnh
Chn icon Connection sau chn cc kiu kt ni tng ng, chn serial (hnh chp ) v fast ethernet (hnh m lin nt en).
Sau khi la chn thit b v kt ni cc thit b bng cc lin kt serial, ethernet ta c mng nh hnh 2
Hnh 2: Cu hnh mng c bn III. Save file cu hnh ny vo vi tn tn nhm (nhom_x.pkt) Cu hnh cho cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng
Cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng bao gm PC, Switch, Router. Cc phn t ny c t tn nh trn hnh v. Tuy nhin trong bi TN-TH ny ch cn cu hnh cho cc PC v Router 1. Cu hnh cho PC Trong bi TN-TH ny yu cu khai bo a ch IP (a ch IP, Subnet Mask, Defaul Gateway) cho tt c cc PC trong lin mng. cu hnh cho PC cn click chut vo PC .
Chn Desktop
Chn IP Configuration
Thit lp a ch IP, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway theo k hoch nh trc. ng ca s IP Configuration M ca s Command Prompt nu cn thc hin lnh ping kim tra kt ni t PC ti cc phn t khc trong lin mng
2. Cu hnh cho cc Router Thit lp cu hnh cho cc Router rt phc tp, tuy nhin trong bi TN-TH ny ch yu cu cc cng vic sau: Gn a ch IP cho cc giao din ca Router trong lin mng Kch hot cc giao din ca Router Xy dng bng nh tuyn bng mt trong cc cch sau: o nh tuyn tnh o S dng giao thc nh tuyn RIPv1 o S dng giao thc nh tuyn RIPv2 o S dng giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Kim tra kt qu lm c bng cc lnh show Kim tra kt ni gia cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng bng lnh ping Lu li cu hnh ca cc router
Chn ca s CLI ,
G lnh no
Us r m e ode Router> enable Privile e m g d ode Router# config termimal Global config m ode Router (config)# interface [s 0]
Router >
Router #
Trong User mode, ch thc hin cc lnh kim tra mt s thng s ca router bng lnh show v kim tra kt ni bng lnh PING.
Hnh : User mode Trong Privileged mode, cng ch thc hin cc lnh kim tra ton b cu hnh ca router bng lnh show, kim tra kt ni bng lnh PING v mt s lnh lm vic vi cc file h thng (ghi, copy, xo, hin th).
Hnh : Privileged mode o Cc lnh show thng dng Show running-config Hin th file cu hnh ang chy ca router
Show interface
Show interface [s 0]
Show ip route
Show controller serial 0 Hin th trng thi vt l ca giao din km theo tnh cht ca giao din l DCE hay DTE
10
Ch : lnh show ch thc hin User mode v Privileged mode Lnh ping: Router#ping A.B.C.D trong A.B.C.D l a ch IP ca host ch
o o o o
Trong Global confige mode: c th thc hin cu hnh cho mt s thng s cho router nh Mt khu bo v Quyn truy nhp AAA Mode lm vic ca router (router, FR switch) t tn cho Router: Router(confige)#hostname Router-0 kt qu router c tn : Router-0(confige)# 11
Khai bo nh tuyn tnh Router(confige)#ip route A.B.C.D E.F.G.H I.K.L.M Trong A.B.C.D: a ch mng ch E.F.G.H : Subnet Mask mng ch I.K.L.M : a ch IP ca next hop
o o o
Hnh Global confige mode Trong Interface confige mode: c th lm cc lnh sau y Kch hot s hot ng ca giao din Router(confige-if)# no shutdown Kho (khng kch hot) giao din Router(confige-if)# shutdown Khai bo a ch IP cho giao din Router(confige-if)#ip address A.B.C.D E.F.G.H Trong A.B.C.D l a ch IP
o o o
E.G.F.H l subnetmask Xo khai bo a ch IP ca giao din Router(confige-if)#no ip address A.B.C.D E.F.G.H Cp xung nhp (clock) cho giao din (nu n l giao din serial DCE) Router(confige-if)#clock rate 56000 Khai bo chun lp 2 cho giao din
Trong confige router mode: c th kch hot cc mng chy cc giao thc nh tuyn, thit lp cc tham s ca giao thc nh tuyn 12
Confige router mode Tu tng bi TN-TH m s dng mt trong cc giao thc nh tuyn khc nhau vo thit lp cu hnh giao thc nh tuyn RIPv1 s dng lnh Router(config)#router rip Ta s vo c confige router mode: Router(config-router)# Kch hot cc mng chy giao thc RIP Router(config-router)#network A.B.C.D
Trong A.B.C.D l a ch mng kt ni trc tip vo router o thit lp cu hnh cho Router s dng giao thc nh tuyn RIPv2: Cc bc lm nh RIPv1 ch thm hai cu lnh l Router(config-router)# version 2 Router(config-router)# no auto-summary o thit lp cu hnh cho Router s dng giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Router(config)#router OSPF 100 Trong 100 l procces ID Router(config-router)#net A.B.C.D E.F.G.H area 0 Trong A..B.C.D l a ch mng kt ni trc tip vo router . E.F.G.H l wild card bits (trong bi thc hnh ny c th hiu wild card bits ngc vi subnetmask). 0 nh danh min nh tuyn (trong bi thc hnh ny lun bng 0) Ch : Nu qun t kho lnh, s dng trit ? IV. Cc bi TN-TH
Bi 1: Gn a ch IP cho cc phn t trong mng v kch hot cc giao din (p dng cho tt c cc nhm) Cho lin mng nh hnh v
S dng cc di a ch sau gn cho cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng 192.168.1.0/24 13 192.168.2.0/24
192.168.3.0/24 192.168.4.0/24
192.168.5.0/24
Cc bc thc hin: STT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bc thc hin m s mng trong lin mng Gn di a ch cho tng mng Xc nh s phn t trong tng mng Gn a ch cho cc PC (PC-0 n PC-5) Vo ra cc mode trong CLI Enable, config terminel, router rip, interface f 0/0, exit Hostname Router 0 Global confige mode Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Privileged mode Lnh Mode CLI
t tn cho cc router
Gn a ch IP cho cc giao din ip address ca Router Kch hot cc giao din ca cc no shutdown Router Cp clock rate cho DCE nu cn Kim tra file cu hnh ang chy Clock rate 56000 Show running
Kim tra trng thi v a ch ca Show ip interface Privileged mode cc giao din ca router brief Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router Lu file cu hnh write Privileged mode, PC Privileged mode Privileged mode
Bi 2: Gn a ch IP cho cc phn t trong mng v kch hot cc giao din. Thc hin nh tuyn tnh Cho lin mng nh hnh v
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S dng cc di a ch sau gn cho cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng Nhm I 192.168.11.0/24 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.13.0/24 192.168.14.0/24 192.168.15.0/24 192.168.16.0/24
Cc bc thc hin: STT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Bc thc hin m s mng trong lin mng Gn di a ch cho tng mng Xc nh s phn t trong tng mng Gn a ch cho cc PC (PC-0 n PC-5) Gn a ch IP cho cc giao din ip add ca Router Kch hot cc giao din ca cc no shutdown Router Cp clock rate cho DCE nu cn Kim tra file cu hnh ang chy Clock rate Show running Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Privileged mode Lnh Mode CLI
Kim tra trng thi v a ch ca Show ip interface Privileged mode cc giao din ca router brief Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router Xy dng bng nh tuyn bng Ip route nhn cng ti cc router Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router li mt ln na Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng mt ln na Lu file cu hnh Write Privileged mode, PC Privileged mode Global confige mode Privileged mode Privileged mode, PC Privileged mode
Bi 3: Gn a ch IP cho cc phn t trong mng v kch hot cc giao din. Thc hin nh tuyn RIPv1 Cho lin mng nh hnh v 16
S dng cc di a ch sau gn cho cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng Nhm I 192.168.11.0/24 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.13.0/24 192.168.14.0/24 192.168.15.0/24 192.168.16.0/24
Cc bc thc hin: STT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Bc thc hin m s mng trong lin mng Gn di a ch cho tng mng Xc nh s phn t trong tng mng Gn a ch cho cc PC (PC-0 n PC-5) Gn a ch IP cho cc giao din ip add ca Router Kch hot cc giao din ca cc no shutdown Router Cp clock rate cho DCE nu cn Kim tra file cu hnh ang chy Clock rate Show running Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Privileged mode Lnh Mode CLI
Kim tra trng thi v a ch ca Show ip interface Privileged mode cc giao din ca router brief Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router Vo router config mode Router rip Xy dng bng nh tuyn bng Network A.B.C.D cch kch hot giao thc nh tuyn RIPv1 Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router li mt ln na Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng mt ln na Lu file cu hnh write Privileged mode, PC Privileged mode Global confige mode confige router mode
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Bi 4: Gn a ch IP cho cc phn t trong mng v kch hot cc giao din. Thc hin nh tuyn RIPv2 Cho lin mng nh hnh v
S dng cc di a ch sau gn cho cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng Nhm I 192.168.11.0/24 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.13.0/24 192.168.14.0/24 192.168.15.0/24 192.168.16.0/24
Nhm V 19
Cc bc thc hin: STT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Bc thc hin m s mng trong lin mng Gn di a ch cho tng mng Xc nh s phn t trong tng mng Gn a ch cho cc PC (PC-0 n PC-5) Gn a ch IP cho cc giao din ip add ca Router Kch hot cc giao din ca cc no shutdown Router Cp clock rate cho DCE nu cn Kim tra file cu hnh ang chy Clock rate Show running Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Privileged mode Lnh Mode CLI
Kim tra trng thi v a ch ca Show ip interface Privileged mode cc giao din ca router brief Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router Vo router config mode Chn version 2 Router rip version 2 Privileged mode, PC Privileged mode Global confige mode confige router mode confige router mode
Xy dng bng nh tuyn bng Network A.B.C.D cch kch hot giao thc nh tuyn RIPv1 Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router li mt ln na Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping 20
15. 16.
t trong lin mng mt ln na 17. Lu file cu hnh Write Privileged mode Bi 5: Gn a ch IP cho cc phn t trong mng v kch hot cc giao din. Thc hin nh tuyn OSPF Cho lin mng nh hnh v
S dng cc di a ch sau gn cho cc phn t trong mi trng lin mng Nhm I 192.168.11.0/24 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.13.0/24 192.168.14.0/24 192.168.15.0/24 192.168.16.0/24
Cc bc thc hin: STT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Bc thc hin m s mng trong lin mng Gn di a ch cho tng mng Xc nh s phn t trong tng mng Gn a ch cho cc PC (PC-0 n PC-5) Gn a ch IP cho cc giao din ip add ca Router Kch hot cc giao din ca cc no shutdown Router Cp clock rate cho DCE nu cn Kim tra file cu hnh ang chy Clock rate Show running Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Interface confige mode Privileged mode Lnh Mode CLI
Kim tra trng thi v a ch ca Show ip interface Privileged mode cc giao din ca router brief Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router Vo router config mode Router ospf 100 Privileged mode, PC Privileged mode Global confige mode
Xy dng bng nh tuyn bng Network A.B.C.D confige router mode cch kch hot giao thc nh 0.0.0.255 area 0 tuyn RIPv1 Kim tra bng nh tuyn trong Show ip route cc router li mt ln na 22 Privileged mode
14.
15. 16.
Kim tra kt ni t cc phn Ping t trong lin mng mt ln na Lu file cu hnh write
Bo co thc tp (cho phn mng IP v nh tuyn) Phn 1: Tm tt c s l thuyt v a ch Ipv4 Tm tt vn nh tuyn: vai tr, phn loi nh tuyn trong mng IP Giao thc nh tuyn RIPv1 o Nguyn tc hot ng o u nhc im v kh nng ng dng Giao thc nh tuyn RIPv2 o Nguyn tc hot ng o u nhc im v kh nng ng dng Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF o Nguyn tc hot ng o u nhc im v kh nng ng dng Phn 2: cc bi thc hnh Bi 1: o Ni dung
o Nhn xt Bi 2: o Ni dung
o Nhn xt Bi 3: o Ni dung
o Nhn xt Bi 4: o Ni dung
o Nhn xt 23
Bi 5: o Ni dung
o Nhn xt
24